EP0012634B1 - Spannungsregelvorrichtung, insbesondere für tragbaren Fernsehempfänger - Google Patents

Spannungsregelvorrichtung, insbesondere für tragbaren Fernsehempfänger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012634B1
EP0012634B1 EP19790400761 EP79400761A EP0012634B1 EP 0012634 B1 EP0012634 B1 EP 0012634B1 EP 19790400761 EP19790400761 EP 19790400761 EP 79400761 A EP79400761 A EP 79400761A EP 0012634 B1 EP0012634 B1 EP 0012634B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
transistor
collector
emitter
current
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Expired
Application number
EP19790400761
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0012634A1 (de
Inventor
Erich Geiger
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Thomson-Brandt SA
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Thomson-Brandt SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
    • G05F1/573—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage regulating device with protection against overloads and short-circuits for portable television receivers, in particular of the type supplied by a low DC voltage coming either from a storage battery or from a battery.
  • rectifier assembly preceded by a transformer and followed by a filter to eliminate snoring.
  • Such a circuit must include a device for protecting the series regulation transistor against overloads and short-circuits on the load side, which would cause collector-emitter currents and voltages such that its dissipation would exceed the permitted limits defined by the safety area (called “safe operating area” or “SOAR” in Anglo-American literature) causing its destruction.
  • a fuse was used in series in the supply line of the circuit which tripped (by melting), when the current exceeded the calibrated value and whose speed could prove to be insufficient. .
  • a voltage regulator corresponding substantially to the preamble of claim 1 is already known from the article by SCIDMORE entitled “JUNCTION DIODE REGULATES LOW-VOLTAGE SUPPLY", on pages 55 and 56 in the American review "ELECTRONICS", N °. 27 of volume 37, dated October 19, 1964, wherein a first tran - sistor NPN type ballast is connected in common collector between the input and the positive output of the regulator, whose collector is joined to the base, a on the one hand, by a first resistor and, on the other hand, by the emitter-collector path of a second NPN type transistor in series with a diode.
  • the base of the second transistor is connected, on the one hand, by a second resistor to the positive input of the regulator and, on the other hand, to the collector of a third comparator transistor mounted as a common base, the base of which is connected at the junction of a third resistor and a voltage stabilizer assembly composed of two diodes in series whose free terminals are respectively connected to the output terminals of the regulator and whose transmitter is connected to the midpoint of a divider of resistive voltage connected between these same output terminals.
  • the serial regulation circuit makes it possible to provide protection against overloads and short-circuits to the regulation transistor, a limitation of its operation to the safety area (SOAR), the increase and the maintenance constant gain of the circuit with open control loop and reduce its collector-emitter waste voltage V CE ,
  • the subject of the invention is a DC voltage regulating device of the type comprising a regulating element which comprises a first transistor mounted as a common collector, inserted in series between an input terminal and an output terminal of the same polarity and whose impedance is controlled using an amplifier-comparator comprising a third transistor whose emitter is polarized using a diode Zener at a constant reference voltage and whose base receives a fraction of the device output voltage, in order to provide a collector current which is a function of the difference between the reference voltage and this fraction and which supplies the input of this regulating element so that the voltage drop between these terminals varies so as to compensate for variations in the input voltage, the regulating element further comprising a second transistor of a type complementary to the first, including the emitter is connected to the collector thereof, whose collector is connected to the base of the first and whose base is connected to the collector of the third transistor, and a first resistor uniting the collector and the base of the first transistor and making it possible to ensure its start-up conduction and limit
  • the DC voltage regulator further comprises a second resistor joining the collector of the first transistor to the emitter of the second and making it possible to limit the collector current thereof which constitutes the basic current of the first transistor , so that the power dissipated by the first transistor, equal to the product of its collector-emitter overload voltage and its collector current limited using its base current, does not exceed a predetermined value, the emitter of the third transistor being connected to that of the first via the Zener diode and to the other output terminal of the device through a resistor.
  • Figure 1 there is shown the block diagram of a voltage regulator device 10 of the prior art (conventional) of the type using the series regulation using a pair of complementary transistors.
  • This regulation circuit 10 comprises a first input terminal 1 to be connected to the positive pole of a non-stabilized DC voltage source, the negative pole of which is connected to a second input terminal 2 of this circuit.
  • This voltage source can be constituted either by a battery 5 of accumulators or batteries, rechargeable or not, or by a rectifier assembly 6 supplied by a step-down transformer 7 whose secondary winding supplies a diode 8 connected in series with a filtering capacitor 9 whose armatures constitute the poles of the source.
  • the single-wave rectifier illustrated can obviously be replaced by a two-wave rectifier with two diodes or with four diodes in a bridge and the filter can also include one or more inductors and additional capacitors to obtain better attenuation of snoring.
  • the switching of the two sources 5 and 6 is carried out using an inverter 21, the movable contact of which is connected to terminal 1.
  • the regulation circuit 10 also comprises two output terminals 3 and 4 supplying a stabilized direct voltage V 34 , the first output terminal 3 being joined to the first input terminal 1 by means of a regulation element 100 to semiconductor which here comprises an assembly of two complementary transistors with direct coupling generally called “complementary pair” (a pair of transistors of the same type with direct emitter-base coupling being called “Darlington” circuit).
  • the first transistor 11 is of the NPN type and the second transistor 12 is of the PNP type; they are both transistors of power.
  • the collector of the first transistor 11 and the emitter of the second transistor 12 are connected together to the first input terminal 1 of the regulation circuit 10.
  • the collector of the second transistor. 12 is connected to the base of the first transistor 11 1, the emitter of which is connected to the first output terminal 3.
  • the base of the second transistor 12 is connected to the collector of a third transistor 13 of the NPN type which constitutes a voltage comparator stage, the emitter of which is connected to the common point of a series arrangement of a Zener diode 15 and of a resistor 14, connected between the output terminals 3 and 4 of the circuit 10 and the base of which is supplied by an adjustable fraction of the output voltage V 34 collected on the cursor of a potentiometer 17 forming with two resistors 16 and 18, respectively connected to its terminals a series circuit connected between the output terminals 3 and 4.
  • a third transistor 13 of the NPN type which constitutes a voltage comparator stage
  • the Zener diode 15 is generally connected between the emitter of the transistor 13 and the second input 2 and output 4 terminals and it is then possible, optionally, either to omit the resistor 14, or connect it between this emitter and the first input terminal 1.
  • the Zener diode 15 remains blocked until the voltage at its terminals exceeds its Zener voltage V Z , the comparator transistor 13 remaining blocked until then. If the resistor 14 joins the emitter to the second terminals 2 and 4, the transistor 13 will conduct as soon as its base-emitter voltage has exceeded 0.7 volts by bringing the second transistor 12 to the conduction. As soon as the Zener diode 15 starts, the potential of the transmitter V E is fixed relative to one of the output terminals 3 or 4, while that of the base V B varies in proportion to the variation of the voltage of output V 34 . A base-emitter voltage V BE13 of the third transistor 13 is then obtained equal to the difference between these potentials, that is to say at V B13 ⁇ V E13 , so as to generate in this transistor a collector current I C13 proportional to this difference.
  • the collector current I C13 constitutes the base current IB 12 of the second transistor 12 whose collector current IC 12 in turn constitutes the base current IB 11 of the first 11 which then forms a variable impedance inserted between the first input terminals 1 and output 3 acting so as to compensate, by the voltage drop at these terminals, for variations in the input voltage V 12 supplying the circuit 10.
  • a resistor 19 capable of dissipating high power (of the order of 10 watts) is connected here between the collector and the emitter of the first transistor 11, that is to say between the first input 1 and output terminals. 3, in series with a fast blow (thermal) protection fuse 20.
  • This resistance is used to reduce the dissipation of the first transistor 11 by conducting a bypass part of the direct current supplying the load 22 and also at the start of the regulation circuit.
  • This resistor 19 however has a negative effect on the regulation (limitation of the range of admissible variations of the input voltage) and directly transmits the humming voltage (residual ripple of the rectifier) to the load 22 which then requires a filtering capacitor high capacity, can be bulky and heavy.
  • the replacement of the starting resistor 19 is obtained using a resistor 101 positively biasing the base of the transistor 11 when the circuit 10 starts.
  • a resistor 102 inserted in the emitter circuit of the second transistor 12, that is to say between the first input terminal 1 and the emitter thereof, has the effect of limiting the emitter currents I E12 and collector I C12 of the second transistor 11 by ensuring, on the one hand, a gradual starting of the regulated supply and, on the other hand, a protection in the event of overload (absence of a short-circuit) of the first transistor 11 by limiting its base current I B11 and, therefore, its emitter current I E11 .
  • the maximum current in the base I B11M with the second saturated transistor can then be calculated as follows: which gives for an I B11M current of 16 milliamps, from which we calculate the overload emitter current
  • This example represents the most unfavorable case of the overload of the first series regulation transistor 11. The power dissipated in this case will then be
  • a power transistor NPN having a maximum collector-emitter voltage V CEO max greater than the maximum input voltage V 12 max, a maximum collector current I C max equal to the maximum current consumed by the load 22 and a total admissible dissipation P tot greater than or equal to the product of this maximum current with the difference between the maximum input voltage and the nominal output voltage we are sure to operate, with a regulation circuit of this kind (element 100 of Figure 2), inside its safety area, even in the event of an overload or short circuit.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the preferred embodiment of a voltage regulating device 10 supplying a solid-state television receiver which constitutes the load 22 thereof.
  • a television receiver of this kind generally comprises a line-scanning circuit, the output stage 30 of which comprises a controlled bidirectional switch, formed by a switching transistor 38 and a parallel recovery diode 37, connected in parallel and oriented in a manner to drive in opposite directions.
  • This output stage 30 further comprises, connected in parallel with the switch 37, 38, a series connection composed of the deflection coils 34 and of a capacitor 35, said to be "going" or “of effect S ", which supplies the deflection coils 34 during the forward scan periods and a return capacitor 36 forming with the coils 34 a parallel resonant circuit during the scan return periods where the switch is open and the there observe pulses of semi-sinusoidal voltage of high amplitude, which can be used to generate the very high voltage which must supply the cathode ray tube (not shown) and possibly other voltages, after their rectification.
  • the common point of the collector of the transistor 38 and of the cathode of the diode 37 is connected to one of the terminals of the primary winding 320 of a transformer 32, called a line transformer, which comprises a secondary winding 322 very-high voltage supplying a very-high voltage rectifier 28 (not shown) and also other secondary windings, one of which 321 is used here as indicated below.
  • a line transformer which comprises a secondary winding 322 very-high voltage supplying a very-high voltage rectifier 28 (not shown) and also other secondary windings, one of which 321 is used here as indicated below.
  • the other terminal of the primary winding 320 is connected, by means of a capacitor 33, called “reservoir” or “supply”, to the first output terminal 3 of the regulation circuit 10 which is, on the other hand, connected to a bypass or intermediate socket of this primary winding 320 through a lifting diode (or series recovery) 31 which makes it possible to increase the supply voltage of the output stage 30 by charging the reservoir capacitor 33 for the return of the scan.
  • a capacitor 33 called “reservoir” or "supply”
  • the number of turns of this secondary winding 321 and their direction of winding relative to that of the primary winding 320 is chosen so as to make appear at the terminals of the capacitor 26 a DC supply voltage V 26 auxiliary, higher than the input voltage V 12 of the regulator 10.
  • the secondary winding 321, the diode 25 and the capacitor 26 therefore together form a source of auxiliary supply voltage.
  • an auxiliary voltage V 26 of 26 volts has been chosen, when the regulator supplies its nominal voltage V 34 of 10.8 volts and when the oscillator of the line-scanning circuit (not shown) is slaved to the frequency F. synchronization-line pulses transmitted in the complex video signal. From which it appears that the auxiliary voltage V 26 is equal to 2.4 times the regulated nominal voltage V 34 .
  • the line oscillator and the drive circuit (not shown) of the output stage 30 are also supplied by the regulation circuit 10.
  • the line-scanning circuit of the receiver starts up and the line oscillator controls the attack stage which in turn controls the output stage 30 as soon as the output tenion V 34 of the circuit 10 reaches the value of approximately 6 volts with an emitter current I E11 of the first transistor 11 of the order of 300 milliamps .
  • the transformed and rectified return pulses then supply an auxiliary supply voltage V 26 of 14.4 volts which is applied to an auxiliary supply input 27 of the regulation circuit 10.
  • This auxiliary input 27 is connected to the transmitter of the second PNP transistor 12 via another emitting resistor 103 (a few hundred ohms).
  • the auxiliary supply voltage V 26 supplying, through the other emitting resistor 103, the emitter of the second transistor 13 makes it possible, from the start of the line-scanning circuit for an output voltage V 34 of l '' order of 6 volts, a rapid rise in the output voltage V 34 , while keeping below this threshold, i.e. in the event of an overload (2 V) or a short circuit (0 V ), the previously described protection of the first transistor 11.
  • the auxiliary supply voltage V 26 makes it possible, on the other hand, to bring the first transistor 11 to saturation so as to minimize the waste voltage between its collector and its emitter, since it is this which supplies then the emitter current I E12 of the second transistor 12 whose collector current I C12 supplies the base of the first 11.
  • VEC12 min V E12 min min - (V 34 + V BE11 ) of the order of 4 volts indicating that it will not saturate, so that the gain of open loop control circuit is not reduced for low input voltages V 12 .
  • the invention is also applied to any load circuit 22 comprising a switching power supply (called “switch mode power supply”) or a DC-AC converter making it possible to have an auxiliary supply voltage greater than the supply voltage. voltage regulator device input.
  • switch mode power supply a switching power supply
  • DC-AC converter a DC-AC converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Gleichspannungsregelvorrichtung mit einem Regelelement (100), das einen in Kollektorschaltung geschalteten ersten Transistor (11) umfaßt, der in Reihe mit einem ersten Eingangsanschluß (1) und einem ersten Ausgangsanschluß (3) gleicher Polarität geschaltet ist und dessen Impedanz mittels eines Vergleicherverstärkers gesteuert wird, der einen dritten Transistor (13) umfaßt, dessen Emitter über einen Widerstand (14) mit den zweiten Anschlüssen (2, 4) des Elementes (100) verbunden und über eine Zenerdiode (15), die ihn mit dem ersten Ausgangsanschluß (3) verbindet, auf das Potential einer konstanten Bezugspannung gelegt ist, und dessen Basis einen Bruchteil der Ausgangsspannung (V34) der Vorrichtung (10) empfängt, um einen Kollektorstrom (IC13) abzugeben, der eine Funktion der Differenz zwischen der Bezugsspannung und diesem Bruchteil ist und der den Eingang dieses Regelelementes (100) speist, so daß der Spannungsabfall (VCE11) zwischen den ersten Anschlüssen (1, 3) derart variiert, daß die Eingangsspannungsschwankungen (V12) kompensiert werden, wobei das Regeleelement (100) ferner einen zweiten Transistor (12) enthält, der komplementär zu dem ersten (11) ist und dessen Emitter mit dessen Kollektor verbunden ist, wobei sein Kollektor mit der Basis des ersten (11) verbunden ist, und wobei seine Basis mit dem Kollektor des dritten Transistors (13) verbunden ist, wobei ein erster Widerstand (101) den Kollektor mit der Basis des ersten Transistors (11) verbindet und seine Leitfähigkeit beim Einschalten gewährleistet und seinen maximalen Emitterstrom im Kurzschlußfalle begrenzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweiter Widerstand (102) den Kollektor des ersten Transistors (11) mit dem Emitter des zweiten (12) verbindet, um den Kollektorstrom (IC12) desselben zu begrenzen, welcher die Basis (IB11) des ersten Transistors (11) speist, damit die von dem ersten Transistor (11) aufgenommene Leistung, die gleich dem Produkt aus seiner Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung bei Überlast und seinem durch den Basisstrom begrenzten Kollektorstrom ist, einen vorbestimmten Wert nicht überschreitet.
2. Spannungsregelvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die kombiniert ist mit einer Zeilenablenkschaltung (22) eines Fernsehempfängers, der von der von ihr gelieferten Spannung gespeist wird und dessen selbständiger Betrieb bei einer vorbestimmten Ausgangsspannung (V34) dieser Vorrichtung (10) beginnt, wobei die Zeilenablenkschaltung (22) einen Zeilentransformator (32) umfaßt, dessen Primärwicklung (320) periodisch von der Ausgangsspannung des Reglers (V34) über einen elektronischen Unterbrecher (38, 37) gespeist wird, der periodisch geöffnet und geschlossen wird und bei dem eine Sekundärwicklung (21) eine Gleichrichterschaltung (25, 26) speist, die eine Hilfsspeisespannung (V26) liefert, die wenigstens geringfügig höher ist als die Eingangsspannung (V12) der Vorrichtung (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsspannung (V26) an einen zusätzlichen Eingang (27) der Vorrichtung (10) angelegt ist, die mit dem Emitter des zweiten Transistors (12) über einen dritten Widerstand (103) verbunden ist, so daß diesem ein Emitterstrom (IE12) zugeführt wird, der ausreicht, um den ersten Transistor (11) bis zur Sättigung zu bringen, ohne ihn selbst zu sättigen, um die Regelverstärkung bei offener Schleife zu erhöhen und konstant zu halten und die Verlustspannung zwischen dem Kollektor und dem Emitter des ersten Transistors auf einen Minimalwert abzusenken.
3. Tragbarer Fernsehempfänger, der von einem Akkumulator oder über einen mit Siebung versehenen Gleichrichter aus dem Wechselstromnetz gespeist werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine Regelvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 umfaßt, deren zusätzlicher Eingang (27) über die Gleichrichterschaltung (25, 26) aus einer Sekundärwicklung (321) des Zeilentransformators (32) gespeist ist, dessen Primärwicklung (320), die mit dem einen Anschluß des bidirektionalen Unterbrechers (38, 37) der Ausgangsstufe (30) der Zeilenablenkung verbunden ist, vom Ausgang der Regelvorrichtung (10) gespeist wird.
EP19790400761 1978-11-30 1979-10-17 Spannungsregelvorrichtung, insbesondere für tragbaren Fernsehempfänger Expired EP0012634B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7833803A FR2443095A1 (fr) 1978-11-30 1978-11-30 Dispositif regulateur de tension, notamment pour recepteur de television portable
FR7833803 1978-11-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012634A1 EP0012634A1 (de) 1980-06-25
EP0012634B1 true EP0012634B1 (de) 1981-08-12

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EP19790400761 Expired EP0012634B1 (de) 1978-11-30 1979-10-17 Spannungsregelvorrichtung, insbesondere für tragbaren Fernsehempfänger

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EP (1) EP0012634B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2960643D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2443095A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1499151A (fr) * 1966-05-09 1967-10-27 Perfectionnements aux postes de radiophonie et de télévision à alimentations diverses

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FR2443095B1 (de) 1981-08-28
EP0012634A1 (de) 1980-06-25
FR2443095A1 (fr) 1980-06-27
DE2960643D1 (en) 1981-11-12

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