EP0012130A1 - Apparatus for manufacturing of work pieces of fully hardenable material with areas of differing hardness, in particular flanged piston sleeves for fuel injection pumps - Google Patents

Apparatus for manufacturing of work pieces of fully hardenable material with areas of differing hardness, in particular flanged piston sleeves for fuel injection pumps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012130A1
EP0012130A1 EP19790890043 EP79890043A EP0012130A1 EP 0012130 A1 EP0012130 A1 EP 0012130A1 EP 19790890043 EP19790890043 EP 19790890043 EP 79890043 A EP79890043 A EP 79890043A EP 0012130 A1 EP0012130 A1 EP 0012130A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
workpiece
workpieces
hardening
hardening bath
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Granted
Application number
EP19790890043
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0012130B1 (en
Inventor
Oswald Zajak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friedmann and Maier AG
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Friedmann and Maier AG
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Priority to AT79890043T priority Critical patent/ATE3881T1/en
Publication of EP0012130A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012130A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/44—Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/445—Selection of particular materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a workpiece made of hardening material and areas of different hardness, in particular flange piston liner of fuel injection pumps.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a workpiece of the type mentioned while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the workpiece is hardened in such a way that it has three defined hardness zones in one direction, namely a hardened end region, an unhardened second end region and an intermediate transition region which is considerably shorter than when the workpieces are freely immersed in it Hardening bath.
  • the workpiece accordingly has advantageously defined areas of different hardness, with a relatively short transition area, without the need for a separate, high-cost operation to produce these areas.
  • the production of the three defined hardness zones of the workpiece is particularly facilitated by a device for inserting the workpieces into the ester bath, which consists of heat shield trained, file flat plate, which is on the surface of the aufehwimmbar or attachable above the surface in a predetermined Aosttand and aufnistt the Offnanen, in which the warkstueke are so plugged in that the non-curing area of the wasj piece is covered against the hardening bath.
  • the plate serves to hold the work piece and also acts as a heat shield, which means that the parts of the work piece protruding on the top of the plate are shielded from the high heat rising from the surface of the hardening bath.
  • the unwanted heat radiation from the hardening bath is largely unaffected by the cover or the heat shield.
  • the parts protruding above the plate have the soft original structure and the parts of the workpieces immersed below the plate in the hardening bath have the desired hard structure.
  • a tempering structure extends between the hardened and the unhardened area, the width of which is determined by the depth of immersion of the workpieces in the hardening bath or by the position of the workpiece in the heat shield.
  • the populated ker te can be suspended in the hardening bath while maintaining a predetermined spacing between the underside of the plate and the surface of the hardening base.
  • the maintenance of this specific distance can be achieved, for example, in a simple manner by placing the plate with its edges on stops provided on the inside of the container, or by hanging on a crane to the desired immersion depth or to the desired distance between Plate and bath surface is lowered.
  • the device for producing the workpieces according to the invention can be designed as a plate with a peripheral edge which protrudes upward from the plate, so that the equipped device can float on the hardening bath.
  • the plate provided with the workpieces only has to be placed on the hardening bath and no separate holding device is required.
  • the transition area between the hardened and the unhardened end area is determined here by the thickness of the plate.
  • the plate designed as a heat shield consists of pressed graphite, since this material is particularly suitable for the function of the shielding.
  • the workpieces are fixed on the plate by the shape of the workpiece itself, for example by the flange of the flange piston sleeve, or by a stop piece to be attached to the workpiece. It is thus easily achieved that all workpieces protrude by exactly the same amount at the top or at the bottom of the plate, without special care and therefore time having to be inserted into the openings in the plate.
  • the length of the part of the workpiece projecting above the plate can be variably configured by means of spacers between the plate surface and the part of the same or the stop piece serving to fix the workpiece.
  • This allows the depth of the workpieces and thus the depth of the workpieces in a very simple manner when the plate is in a fixed position relative to the surface of the hardening bath Length of the area to be hardened can be changed. It is therefore possible to change the proportion of each of the three hardness zones in the total length of the workpiece.
  • the spacers can consist of simple Boilag disks or can also be designed as projections molded onto the plate surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a container 1 which is filled with a hardening salt bath 2.
  • consoles 3 are arranged, the height of which can be adjusted and fixed in a manner not shown.
  • a plate 4 is placed, the sfne 7hel number of openings 5, in the flanged piston 6, as they would be used for fuel injection pumps. are plugged in.
  • the flanged piston bushings 6 rest with their flanges 7 on the edges of the openings in the plate 4, so that they are fixed in their axial position.
  • a pre-milled distance 9 is maintained, which can be changed the height of the consoles 3 can be adapted to requirements
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment variant of the plate 4, now designated 4 ', is shown, which has a buying edge 10, which is arranged upwards from the plate 4. having.
  • Flanged piston liners 6 used. whereby spacers 11 are provided between the top of the plate and the flange 7 of the flange piston bushes 6.
  • the immersion depth of the flange piston liners 6 in the hardening salt bath 2 is determined by the height of the spacers 11.
  • a flanged piston sleeve 6, which is inserted into the opening 5 of a plate 4, is shown on an enlarged scale.
  • the flange piston liner 6 has a plurality of regions which differ according to the respective function, namely the threaded region 12, the flange region 13, the neck region 14 and the lower region 18 which contains the cylinder bore 15, the control bores 16 and the sealing surface 17.
  • the flange piston liner 6 is inserted into the opening 5 of the plate 4 with little play and its flange 7 lies in a recess on the top of the plate 4 corresponding to the flange diameter.
  • the surface 8 of the hardening salt bath 2 is also shown in broken lines.
  • the position of the plate 4 relative to the hardening salt bath 2 results in three precisely defined hardness zones on the workpiece: the lower region 18, which is immersed in the hardening salt bath 2, is fully exposed to the temperature prevailing in the hardening salt bath.
  • the air temperature which corresponds to the radiation of the bath surface and the shielding effect of the plate 4, as a result of which the neck area 14 of the flange piston liner 6 is subjected to a heat treatment at a lower temperature than the bath temperature.
  • the threaded portion 12 and also part of the flange area 13 of the flange piston sleeve 6 lie above the top of the Plate 4 and are therefore shielded by plate 4 against the heat rising from the hardening bath. If, after a fixed treatment time in the hardening salt bath, the plate 4 together with the flange piston sleeves 6 is converted into a conventional quenching bath (not shown), the structure of the flange piston sleeve 6 changes in accordance with the previous heat treatment.
  • the lower region 18 of the flange piston liner 6 becomes very hard in accordance with its function, in the intermediate temperature zone in the neck region 14 there is a continuous tempering structure, which makes it possible to absorb tensile and torsional forces which occur even when threads or punctures are arranged without adverse notch effects .
  • the flange area 13 and the thread area 12 retain their soft original structure, so that the bending stresses occurring in the flange area and the tensile and torsional stresses occurring in the thread area can be absorbed without damage.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to produce three defined hardness zones without the otherwise necessary aftertreatment.
  • the costs of a flanged piston liner manufactured according to the invention are only a fraction of the costs which arise when the workpiece has to be started or processed in a separate operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

1. A device for the manufacture of parts made of a full-hardening material, with regions of different hardness, i.e., in one direction, one hardened and one unhardened end separated by a transition region, by partially dipping them into a hardening bath, providing an at least partially flat baseplate with openings for inserting the parts, characterized in that the at least partially flat baseplate (4) is formed as a heat-shield floatable on the surface (8) of the hardening bath (2), and the parts (6) may be inserted into the openings (5) of the baseplate (4) in such a way as to protect that end (12, 13) of each part (6) which is not to be hardened from the hardening bath (2).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Werkstück aus durchhärtendem Werkstoff und Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte, insbesondere Flanschkolbenbüchse von Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpen.The invention relates to a workpiece made of hardening material and areas of different hardness, in particular flange piston liner of fuel injection pumps.

Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Beanspruchungsarten ist es für viele Werkstücke, beispielsweise für Flanschkelbenbuchsen von Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpen, erforderlich, das Werkstuek mit Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte auszustatten. Dadureh sollen z.B. Kerbwirkungseinflüsse, die durch Anbringung eines Gewindes oder von Einstichen hervergsrufep werden von Einstichen hervergsrufer werden. werden könne. Eine bekanute aufgenommen werden können. Eine bekannte Methodrist einen durchhärtenden Werkstoff mit mindestens 0,85 % Kohlenstoff zu verwenden und das Werkstück zur Gänze durchzuharten. In einem eigenen nachfolgenden Arbeitsgang müssen dann die unter besonderer Beanspruchung, beispielsweise Zug- und Verdrehspannung, stehenden Partien dureh Anlasssen auf ein dehnfähiges Gefuge gebrecht Wrden. Das notwendige Anlassen verursacht erhebliche Mehrkosten und bat außerdem den Nachteil, daß die Grenzen zwischen dem durchgehärteten Bereich und dem angelassenen Bereich nicht sehr genau definiert sind.Because of the different types of stress, it is necessary for many workpieces, for example flange flange bushings of fuel injection pumps, to equip the workpiece with areas of different hardness. For example, Notch effects, which are caused by threading or by recesses, are caused by recesses. can be. A acquaintance can be included. A known method is to use a hardening material with at least 0.85% carbon and to fully harden the workpiece. In a separate subsequent work step, the parts that are subject to particular stress, for example tensile and torsional stress, must then be broken onto a flexible structure by reason. The necessary tempering causes considerable additional costs and also has the disadvantage that the boundaries between the hardened area and the tempered area are not very precisely defined.

Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, einen Werkstoff aus Einsatzstahl zu verwenden, wobei die stark beanspruchten Bereiche des Werkstückes durch Einsatzhärten widerstandsfähig gemacht werden. Bereiche, die zur Aufnahme von Zug-und Verdrehspannungen eine geringere Härte aufweisen müssen, müssen wieder in einem eigenen Arbeitsgang durch Anlassen dieser Bereiche oder durch Abarbeiten der Einsatzschicht an diesen Bereichen vor dem Härten des vorher eingesetzten Werkstückes auf die gewünschte Härte bzw. Weichheit gebracht werden. Auch diese Methode erfordert zusätzlichen Aufwand und verursacht erhebliche Mehrkosten.Another possibility is to use a material made of case hardening steel, whereby the highly stressed areas of the workpiece are resisted by case hardening be made capable. Areas that have to have a lower hardness to absorb tensile and torsional stresses must be brought to the desired hardness or softness again in a separate operation by tempering these areas or by working off the insert layer on these areas before the workpiece is hardened . This method also requires additional effort and causes considerable additional costs.

Schließlich ist es auch möglich, die Werkstücke frei, z.B. mit einem Draht gehalten, in das Härtebad nur teilweise einzutauchen und damit nur teilweise zu härten. Hier ergibt sich jedoch der erhebliche Nachteil, daß der nicht ins Härtebad getauchte Bereich des Werkstückes aufgrund von Wärmeleitung im Werkstück und Strahlungswärme von der Oberfläche des Härtebades her einer undefinierten Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird, sodaß der nicht eingetauchte Teil des Werkstückes ein nicht genau festlegbares Gefüge erhält.Finally, it is also possible to free the workpieces, e.g. held with a wire, only partially immersed in the hardening bath and thus only partially hardened. Here, however, there is the considerable disadvantage that the area of the workpiece which is not immersed in the hardening bath is subjected to an undefined heat treatment due to heat conduction in the workpiece and radiant heat from the surface of the hardening bath, so that the part of the workpiece which is not immersed is given a structure which cannot be precisely determined.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Werkstück der eingangs genannten Art unter Vermeidung der genannten Nachteile zu schaffen. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht,daß das Werkstück so gehärtet ist, daß es in einer Richtung drei definierte Härtezonen aufweist, nämlich einen gehärteten Endbereich, einen ungehärteten zweiten Endbereich und einen dazwischenliegenden Übergangsbereich, der wesentlich kürzer ist, als bei freiem Eintauchen der Werkstücke in das Härtebad. Das Werkstück weist demnach vorteilhaft definierte Bereiche unterschiedlicher Härte, mit einem relativ kurzen Übergangsbereich auf, ohne daß zur Herstellung dieser Bereiche ein eigener, hohe Kosten verursachender Arbeitsgang notwendig wird.The invention has for its object to provide a workpiece of the type mentioned while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the workpiece is hardened in such a way that it has three defined hardness zones in one direction, namely a hardened end region, an unhardened second end region and an intermediate transition region which is considerably shorter than when the workpieces are freely immersed in it Hardening bath. The workpiece accordingly has advantageously defined areas of different hardness, with a relatively short transition area, without the need for a separate, high-cost operation to produce these areas.

Die Herstellung der drei definierten Härtezonen des Werkstückes wird nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung durch eine Vorrichtung zum Einsetzen der Werkstücke in das Estebad besonders erleichtert, die aus einer als Hitzeschild ausgehildeten,

Figure imgb0001
feilweise ebenen Platte besteht, die an der Oberfläche des
Figure imgb0002
aufsehwimmbar oder ber der Oberflache in einem vorbestimmten Aosttand anbringbar ist und die Offnanen aufueist, in die die warkstueke so einsteckbar sind, daß der nieht au härtende aweit Enabereich des Werjstückes gegenüber dem Härtebad abgedeckt ist. Die Platte dient dabei der Halterung der Werkstaeke und gleichziiting als Hitzeschild, wodureh die an der Plattenoberseite vorstib-nder Teile der werkiticke gegen die von der Oberfläche des Härtsbades aufsteigende große Hitze abgeschirmt werden. Außerdem wird durch die Abdeckung bzw. den Hitzeschild die unerwänschte wärmeanstrahlung des Härtebades stark unerbunden. Nach dem Umsetzen der Platte mit den Werkstäcken in ein Abschreckbad weisen somit die oberhalb der Platte vorstehenden Teile das weiche Ursprungsgefüge und die unterhalb der Platte in das Härtebad eingetaucht gewesenen Teile der Werkstücke das gewünschte harte Gefüvge auf. Zwischen dem gehärteten und dem ungehärteten pereich erstreckt sich ein verlaufendes Anlaßgefüge, dessen hreite von der Eintauchtiefe der Werkstücke in das Härtebad bzw. aurch die Lage des werkstückes im Hitzeschild bestimmt ist.According to a further feature of the invention, the production of the three defined hardness zones of the workpiece is particularly facilitated by a device for inserting the workpieces into the ester bath, which consists of heat shield trained,
Figure imgb0001
file flat plate, which is on the surface of the
Figure imgb0002
aufehwimmbar or attachable above the surface in a predetermined Aosttand and aufnistt the Offnanen, in which the warkstueke are so plugged in that the non-curing area of the werj piece is covered against the hardening bath. The plate serves to hold the work piece and also acts as a heat shield, which means that the parts of the work piece protruding on the top of the plate are shielded from the high heat rising from the surface of the hardening bath. In addition, the unwanted heat radiation from the hardening bath is largely unaffected by the cover or the heat shield. After the plate with the workpieces have been transferred to a quenching bath, the parts protruding above the plate have the soft original structure and the parts of the workpieces immersed below the plate in the hardening bath have the desired hard structure. A tempering structure extends between the hardened and the unhardened area, the width of which is determined by the depth of immersion of the workpieces in the hardening bath or by the position of the workpiece in the heat shield.

Im Hinblick auf viele Anwendungsfille arm es etwunsdid. den zwischen dem gehärteten und dem ungeharteten Bereieh liegenden Übergangsbereich in seinem Ausmaß vorausbestimmba zu machen. Dazu kann vorgesehen sein, daß die bestückte ker te unter Einhaltung eines vorbestimmten Astandes zwischt Unterseite der Platte und Oberfläche des Härtebodes in das Härtebad einhängbar ist. Die Binhaltung dieses verbestimmter Abstandes kann beispielsweise auf einfache weise dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Platte mit ihren Randern auf an der Innenseite des Behälters vorgesehene Anschläge aufgelegt wird, oder daß sie, an einem Kran hängend, bis zu geünschten Eintauchtiefe bzw. zum gewünschten Abstand zwischen Platte und Badoberfläche abgesenkt wird.In view of many applications, it is poor. to determine the extent of the transition area between the hardened and the unhardened area. For this purpose, it can be provided that the populated ker te can be suspended in the hardening bath while maintaining a predetermined spacing between the underside of the plate and the surface of the hardening base. The maintenance of this specific distance can be achieved, for example, in a simple manner by placing the plate with its edges on stops provided on the inside of the container, or by hanging on a crane to the desired immersion depth or to the desired distance between Plate and bath surface is lowered.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Werkstücke als Platte mit einem umlaufenden, von der Platte nach oben abstehenden Rand ausgebildet sein, sodaß die bestückte Vorrichtung auf dem Härtebad schwimmfähig ist. In diesem Fall muß die mit den Werkstücken versehene Platte lediglich auf das Härtebad aufgesetzt werden und es ist keine eigene Haltevorrichtung erforderlich. Der zwischen dem gehärteten und dem ungehärteten Endbereich liegende Übergangsbereich ist hier durch die Dicke der Platte bestimmt.In a further development of the invention, the device for producing the workpieces according to the invention can be designed as a plate with a peripheral edge which protrudes upward from the plate, so that the equipped device can float on the hardening bath. In this case, the plate provided with the workpieces only has to be placed on the hardening bath and no separate holding device is required. The transition area between the hardened and the unhardened end area is determined here by the thickness of the plate.

Die gewünschte Trennung in einen ungehärteten und einen gehärteten Bereich wird dann besonders exakt erreicht, wenn, nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung, die als Hitzeschild ausgebildete Platte aus gepreßtem Grafit besteht, da dieser Werkstoff für die Funktion der Abschirmung besonders geeignet ist.The desired separation into an unhardened and a hardened area is achieved particularly precisely if, according to a further feature of the invention, the plate designed as a heat shield consists of pressed graphite, since this material is particularly suitable for the function of the shielding.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist bei der Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Werkstücke vorgesehen, daß die Festlegung der Werkstücke an der Platte durch die Form des Werkstückes selbst, beispielsweise durch den Flansch der Flanschkolbenbüchse, oder durch ein am Werkstück anzubringendes Anschlagstück'erfolgt. Damit ist auf einfache Weise erreicht, daß alle Werkstüeke um genau den gleichen Betrag an der Oberseite bzw, an der Unterseite der Platte überstehen, ohne daß beim Einstecken der Werkstücke in die Öffnungen der Platte besondere Sorgfalt und daher Zeit aufgewendet werden muß.In a further development of the invention it is provided in the device for producing the workpieces according to the invention that the workpieces are fixed on the plate by the shape of the workpiece itself, for example by the flange of the flange piston sleeve, or by a stop piece to be attached to the workpiece. It is thus easily achieved that all workpieces protrude by exactly the same amount at the top or at the bottom of the plate, without special care and therefore time having to be inserted into the openings in the plate.

In Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens kann weiter vorgesehen sein, daß die Länge des oberhalb der Platte vorstehenden Teiles des Werkstückes durch Distanzhalter zwischen der Plattenoberfläche und dem der Festlegung des Werkstückes dienenden Teil desselben oder dem Anschlagstück variabel gestaltbar ist. Damit kann auf sehr einfache Weise bei festliegender Position der Plattes gegenüber der Oberfläche des Härtebades die Eintachtiefe der Werkstücke und damit die Länge des zu härtenden Bereiches Verändert werden. Es ist somit möglich, den Anteil jeder der drei Härtezonen an der Gesamtlänge des Werkstückes zu verändern. Die Distanshalter können aus ainfachen Boilagscheiben bestehen oder auch als an der Plattenoberfläche vergesehsne angeformte Ansätze ausgebildet sein.In a further development of the inventive concept, it can further be provided that the length of the part of the workpiece projecting above the plate can be variably configured by means of spacers between the plate surface and the part of the same or the stop piece serving to fix the workpiece. This allows the depth of the workpieces and thus the depth of the workpieces in a very simple manner when the plate is in a fixed position relative to the surface of the hardening bath Length of the area to be hardened can be changed. It is therefore possible to change the proportion of each of the three hardness zones in the total length of the workpiece. The spacers can consist of simple Boilag disks or can also be designed as projections molded onto the plate surface.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einenein Härtebad enthaltenden Behälter mit eingesetzter, mit Werkstücken bestückter Platte,
  • Figur 2 eine Ausführungsvariante der Platte in Teildarstellung und
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch eine in die Platte eingesteckte Flanschkolbenbüchse in größerem Maßstab.
The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it
  • 1 shows a schematic cross section through a container containing a hardening bath with an inserted plate equipped with workpieces,
  • Figure 2 shows a variant of the plate in partial representation and
  • Figure 3 shows a section through a flanged piston sleeve inserted into the plate on a larger scale.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Behälter 1, der mit einem Härtesalzbad 2 gefüllt ist. An den Seitenwänden des Behälters 1 sind Konsolen 3 angeordnet, die in nicht näher dargestellter in der Höhe verstellbar und fixierbar sind. Auf Absatzen der Konsolen 3 ist eine Platte 4 aufgelegt ,die sfne 7hel zahl von Öffnungen 5 enthält, in die Flanschkolbenbuehuer 6, wie sie für Kraftstoffeinspritspumpen verwendet wrden. eingesteckt sind. Die Flanschkolbenbuchsen 6 liegen mit ihren Flanschen 7 an den Rändern der Öffnungen in der Platte 4 auf, sodaß sie in ihrer axialen Lage festgeegt sind, Zwischen der Oberfläche 8 des Härtemalzbades und der Unterseite der Platte 4 ist ein vorbestummter Abstand 9 eibgehalten, der durch Verändern der Höhenlage der Konsolen 3 den Erfordernissen angepaßt werden kanne1 shows a container 1 which is filled with a hardening salt bath 2. On the side walls of the container 1, consoles 3 are arranged, the height of which can be adjusted and fixed in a manner not shown. On heels of the consoles 3, a plate 4 is placed, the sfne 7hel number of openings 5, in the flanged piston 6, as they would be used for fuel injection pumps. are plugged in. The flanged piston bushings 6 rest with their flanges 7 on the edges of the openings in the plate 4, so that they are fixed in their axial position. Between the surface 8 of the hardening salt bath and the underside of the plate 4, a pre-milled distance 9 is maintained, which can be changed the height of the consoles 3 can be adapted to requirements

In Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsvariante der Platte 4, nun mit 4' bezeichnet, dargestellt, die einen umkaufendenRand 10, der von-der Platte 4 nach oben stehend angeordnet ist. aufweist. In den Öffnungen 5 der Platte 4' sind wieder. Flanschkolbenbüchsen 6 eingesetzt. wobei zwischen der Plattenoberseite und dem Flansch 7 der Flanschkolbenbüchsen6 Distanzhalter 11 vorgesehen sind. Die Platte 4' liegt direkt auf der Oberfläche 8 des Hërtesalzbades auf und sie ist nach Einstecken der Werkstueke in die Öffnungen 5 schwimmfähig. Es erübrigt sich somit bei dieser Ausführungsvariante eine besondere Haltevorrichtung für die Platte 4'. Die Eintauchtiefe der Flanschkolbenbüchsen 6 in das Härtesalzbad 2 wird durch die Höhe der Distanzhalter 11 bestimmt.In Fig. 2 an embodiment variant of the plate 4, now designated 4 ', is shown, which has a buying edge 10, which is arranged upwards from the plate 4. having. In the openings 5 of the plate 4 'are again. Flanged piston liners 6 used. whereby spacers 11 are provided between the top of the plate and the flange 7 of the flange piston bushes 6. The plate 4 'lies directly on the surface 8 of the hard salt bath and it is buoyant after the workpieces have been inserted into the openings 5. There is therefore no need for a special holding device for the plate 4 'in this embodiment variant. The immersion depth of the flange piston liners 6 in the hardening salt bath 2 is determined by the height of the spacers 11.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Flanschkolbenbüchse 6, die in die Öffnung 5 einer Platte 4 eingesteckt ist, in vergrößertem Maßstab dargestellt. Die Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 weist in ihrer Längsrichtung mehrere entsprechend der jeweiligen Funktion unterschiedliche Bereiche, nämlich den Gewindebereich 12, den Flanschbereich 13, den Halsbereich 14 und den die Zylinderbohrung 15, die Steuerbohrungen 16 und die Dichtfläche 17 beinhaltenden unteren Bereich 18 auf. Die Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 ist mit geringem Spiel in die Öffnung 5 der Platte 4 eingesteckt und sie liegt mit ihrem Flansch 7 in einer dem Flanschdurchmesser entsprechenden Ausnehmung an der Oberseite der Platte 4 auf. In Fig. 3 ist strichliert auch die Oberfläche 8 des Härtesalzbades 2 eingezeichnet.In Fig. 3, a flanged piston sleeve 6, which is inserted into the opening 5 of a plate 4, is shown on an enlarged scale. In its longitudinal direction, the flange piston liner 6 has a plurality of regions which differ according to the respective function, namely the threaded region 12, the flange region 13, the neck region 14 and the lower region 18 which contains the cylinder bore 15, the control bores 16 and the sealing surface 17. The flange piston liner 6 is inserted into the opening 5 of the plate 4 with little play and its flange 7 lies in a recess on the top of the plate 4 corresponding to the flange diameter. 3, the surface 8 of the hardening salt bath 2 is also shown in broken lines.

Bei der in den Fig. 1 und 3 dargestellten Lage der Platte 4 gegenüber dem Härtesalzbad 2 ergeben sich am Werkstück drei genau definierte Härtezonen: der in das Härtesalzbad 2 eintauchende untere Bereich 18 wird voll der im Härtesalzbad herrschenden Temperatur ausgesetzt. Im Bereich zwischen der Oberfläche 8 des Härtesalzbades und der Unterseite der Platte 4 herrscht eine entsprechend der Abstrahlung der Badoberfläche und der Abschirmwirkung der Platte 4 sich einstellende Lufttemperatur, wodurch der Halsbereich 14 der Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 einer Wärmebehandlung mit niedrigerer Temperatur als der Badtemperatur unterzogen wird. Der Gewindebeseich 12 und auch ein Teil des Flanschbereiches 13 der Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 liegen eberhalb der Oberseite der Platte 4 und werden daher durch die Platte 4 gegen die vom Härtebad aufsteigende Hitze abgeschirmt. Wenn nach einer festgesetzten Behandlungsdauer im Härtesalzbad die Platte 4 samt den Flanschkolbenbüchsen 6 in ein nicht dargestelltes, übliches Abschreckbad umgesetzt wird, verändert sich das Gefüge der Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 entsprechend der vorhergegangenen Wärmebehandlung. Der untere Bereich 18 der Flanschkolbenbüchse 6 wird entsprechend der ihm zukommenden Funktion sehr hart, in der Temperaturzwischenzone im Halsbereich 14 stellt sich ein verlaufendes Anlaßgefüge ein, wodurch es möglich ist, selbst bei Anordnung von Gewinden oder Einstichen ohne nachteilige Kerbwirkungseinflüsse auftretende Zug- und Verdrehkräfte aufzunehmen. Der Flanschbereich 13 und der Gewindebereich 12 behalten ihr weiches Ursprungsgefüge, sodaß im Flanschbereich die auftretenden Biegespannungen und im Gewindebereich die auftretenden Zug- und Verdrehspannungen ohne Schaden aufgenommen werden können. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es daher, drei definierte Härtezonen ohne die sonst notwendige Nachbehandlung herzustellen. Die Kosten einer nach der Erfindung hergestellten Flanschkolbenbüchse betragen nur einen Bruchteil jener Kosten, die entstehen, wenn in einem eigenen Arbeitsgang das Werkstück angelassen oder abgearbeitet werden muß.1 and 3, the position of the plate 4 relative to the hardening salt bath 2 results in three precisely defined hardness zones on the workpiece: the lower region 18, which is immersed in the hardening salt bath 2, is fully exposed to the temperature prevailing in the hardening salt bath. In the area between the surface 8 of the hardening salt bath and the underside of the plate 4 there is an air temperature which corresponds to the radiation of the bath surface and the shielding effect of the plate 4, as a result of which the neck area 14 of the flange piston liner 6 is subjected to a heat treatment at a lower temperature than the bath temperature. The threaded portion 12 and also part of the flange area 13 of the flange piston sleeve 6 lie above the top of the Plate 4 and are therefore shielded by plate 4 against the heat rising from the hardening bath. If, after a fixed treatment time in the hardening salt bath, the plate 4 together with the flange piston sleeves 6 is converted into a conventional quenching bath (not shown), the structure of the flange piston sleeve 6 changes in accordance with the previous heat treatment. The lower region 18 of the flange piston liner 6 becomes very hard in accordance with its function, in the intermediate temperature zone in the neck region 14 there is a continuous tempering structure, which makes it possible to absorb tensile and torsional forces which occur even when threads or punctures are arranged without adverse notch effects . The flange area 13 and the thread area 12 retain their soft original structure, so that the bending stresses occurring in the flange area and the tensile and torsional stresses occurring in the thread area can be absorbed without damage. The invention therefore makes it possible to produce three defined hardness zones without the otherwise necessary aftertreatment. The costs of a flanged piston liner manufactured according to the invention are only a fraction of the costs which arise when the workpiece has to be started or processed in a separate operation.

Claims (6)

1 Werkstäck aus duchhätendem Werkstoff und bereicken unterschiedicher Härte, insbesondere Flansehkolbenbüchse von Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Werkstück (6) so gehärtet ist, daß es in einer Richtung drei definierte Härtezonen aufweist, nämlich einen gehärteten Endbereich (18). einen ungehärteten sweiten Endbereich (12, 13) und einen dazwischenliegerden Übergangsbereich (14), der wesentlich kürzer ist, als bei freiem Eintauchen der Werkstücke in das Härtebad.1 workpiece made of durable material and with varying degrees of hardness, in particular flange piston bushing from fuel injection pumps, characterized in that the workpiece (6) is hardened in such a way that it has three defined hardness zones in one direction, namely a hardened end region (18). an unhardened wide end region (12, 13) and an intermediate transition region (14) which is considerably shorter than when the workpieces are immersed freely in the hardening bath. 2. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Werkstücken nach Anspruch 1, zum Einsetzen in das Härtebad, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einer als Hitzeschild ausgebildeten, zumindest teilweise ebenen Platte (4) besteht, die an der Oberfläche (8) des Härtebades (2) aufschwimmbar oder über dieser Oberfläche in einem vorbestimmten Abstand anbringbar ist und die Öffnungen (5) aufweist, in die die Werkstücke (6) so einsteckbar sind, daß der nicht zu härtende zweite Endbereich (12, 13) des Werkstückes (6) gegenüber dem Härtebad (2) abgedeckt ist.2. Device for the production of workpieces according to claim 1, for insertion into the hardening bath, characterized in that it consists of an at least partially flat plate (4) designed as a heat shield, which can be floated on the surface (8) of the hardening bath (2) or can be attached at a predetermined distance above this surface and has the openings (5) into which the workpieces (6) can be inserted such that the second end region (12, 13) of the workpiece (6) which is not to be hardened is opposite the hardening bath ( 2) is covered. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platte (4') einen umlaufenden, von der Platte (4) nach oben abstehenden Rand (10) aufweist, sodaß die bestückte Vorrichtung auf dem Härtebad (2) schwimmfähig ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate (4 ') has a peripheral, from the plate (4) upwardly projecting edge (10), so that the loaded device on the hardening bath (2) is buoyant. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platte (4,4') aus gepreßtem Grafit besteht.4. Device according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the plate (4,4 ') consists of pressed graphite. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festlegung der Werkstücke (6) an der Platte (4,4') durch die Form des Werkstückes (6) selbst, beispielsweise durch den Flansch (7) der Flanschkolbenbüchse (6), oder durch ein am Werkstück (6) anzubringendes Anschlagstück erfolgt.5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the fixing of the workpieces (6) on the plate (4,4 ') by the shape of the workpiece (6) itself, for example by the flange (7) of Flanged piston bush (6), or by means of a stop piece to be attached to the workpiece (6). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Länge des oberhalb der Platte (4,4') vorstehenden Teiles des Werkstückes (6) durch Distanzhalter (11) zwischen der Plattenoberfläche und dem der Festlegung des Werkstückes (6) dienenden Teil desselben oder dem Anschlagstück variabel gestaltbar ist.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the length of the above the plate (4,4 ') projecting part of the workpiece (6) by spacers (11) between the plate surface and the part defining the workpiece (6) serving the same or the stop piece can be designed variably.
EP19790890043 1978-11-06 1979-10-25 Apparatus for manufacturing of work pieces of fully hardenable material with areas of differing hardness, in particular flanged piston sleeves for fuel injection pumps Expired EP0012130B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79890043T ATE3881T1 (en) 1979-10-25 1979-10-25 DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WORKPIECES FROM THROUGH-HARDENING MATERIAL AND AREAS OF DIFFERENT HARDNESS, IN PARTICULAR FLANGE PISTON LINERS OF FUEL INJECTION PUMPS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0792678A AT370136B (en) 1978-11-06 1978-11-06 DEVICE FOR HARDENING WORKPIECES
AT7926/78 1978-11-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012130A1 true EP0012130A1 (en) 1980-06-11
EP0012130B1 EP0012130B1 (en) 1983-06-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790890043 Expired EP0012130B1 (en) 1978-11-06 1979-10-25 Apparatus for manufacturing of work pieces of fully hardenable material with areas of differing hardness, in particular flanged piston sleeves for fuel injection pumps

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0012130B1 (en)
AT (1) AT370136B (en)
DE (1) DE2965753D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4583720A (en) * 1983-10-26 1986-04-22 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Co., Ltd. Apparatus for the zone-annealing of a workpiece consisting of a high-temperature material

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE44708C (en) * G. schmidt in Köpenick bei Berlin Apparatus for heating horseshoe studs to harden them
DE424798C (en) * 1925-06-27 1926-02-03 Allg Elek Citaets Ges Fa Electric salt bath oven
DE684060C (en) * 1936-09-11 1939-11-21 Bauer & Schaurte Device for the partial hardening of mass products
US2248474A (en) * 1939-02-22 1941-07-08 Griffin Joseph Darius Salt bath furnace
US2396850A (en) * 1943-03-12 1946-03-19 Lyman S Hughes Apparatus for heat-treating metal objects
DE1816141A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1970-06-25 Gottlieb Guehrung Fa Steadying rod-shaped workpieces such as drills - in holes of a holding plate during tempering
DE2314596B2 (en) * 1972-04-05 1975-03-06 Friedmann & Maier Ag, Hallein, Salzburg (Oesterreich) In line fuel injector pump - has pump plunger actuator bore larger than plunger bore
DE2415788B2 (en) * 1973-05-22 1976-01-15 Creusot-Loire, Paris DEVICE FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF METAL WORK PIECES BY PARTIAL IMMERSION IN A BATH

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE44708C (en) * G. schmidt in Köpenick bei Berlin Apparatus for heating horseshoe studs to harden them
DE424798C (en) * 1925-06-27 1926-02-03 Allg Elek Citaets Ges Fa Electric salt bath oven
DE684060C (en) * 1936-09-11 1939-11-21 Bauer & Schaurte Device for the partial hardening of mass products
US2248474A (en) * 1939-02-22 1941-07-08 Griffin Joseph Darius Salt bath furnace
US2396850A (en) * 1943-03-12 1946-03-19 Lyman S Hughes Apparatus for heat-treating metal objects
DE1816141A1 (en) * 1968-12-20 1970-06-25 Gottlieb Guehrung Fa Steadying rod-shaped workpieces such as drills - in holes of a holding plate during tempering
DE2314596B2 (en) * 1972-04-05 1975-03-06 Friedmann & Maier Ag, Hallein, Salzburg (Oesterreich) In line fuel injector pump - has pump plunger actuator bore larger than plunger bore
DE2415788B2 (en) * 1973-05-22 1976-01-15 Creusot-Loire, Paris DEVICE FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF METAL WORK PIECES BY PARTIAL IMMERSION IN A BATH

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4583720A (en) * 1983-10-26 1986-04-22 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Co., Ltd. Apparatus for the zone-annealing of a workpiece consisting of a high-temperature material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT370136B (en) 1983-03-10
DE2965753D1 (en) 1983-07-28
EP0012130B1 (en) 1983-06-22
ATA792678A (en) 1982-07-15

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