EP0010009B1 - Fragmentable loads of propellent powder coated with polyvinyl nitrate and process for producing them - Google Patents
Fragmentable loads of propellent powder coated with polyvinyl nitrate and process for producing them Download PDFInfo
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- EP0010009B1 EP0010009B1 EP79400590A EP79400590A EP0010009B1 EP 0010009 B1 EP0010009 B1 EP 0010009B1 EP 79400590 A EP79400590 A EP 79400590A EP 79400590 A EP79400590 A EP 79400590A EP 0010009 B1 EP0010009 B1 EP 0010009B1
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- powder
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- fragmentable
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- nitrocellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/28—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the component base containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of fragmentable load for small and medium-sized weapons made from grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder coated with a film based on polyvinyl nitrate.
- Fragmentable charges based on propellant powder grains are more and more commonly used in small and medium-caliber weapon ammunition because they allow the use, in a given volume, of a greater quantity of energetic material than that permitted with a loading of grains of propellant powder in bulk, while retaining, thanks to the fragmentation on ignition, the essential characteristics of combustion of bulk loads and in particular the rapid rise in pressure in the breech of the weapon.
- the first consists in ensuring the cohesion of the powder grains by a chemical binder.
- This chemical binder can be either a crosslinkable polymer such as for example a polyurethane or a gelatinizing oil nitrocellulose such as nitroglycerin.
- this first route is far from satisfying the manufacturers of fragmentable loads. Indeed, the use of a polyurethane binder is difficult because of the difficulty in weighing an exact quantity of pasty polymer and the slightest difference in weight leads to a variation in the ballistic performances obtained with the final block, moreover, this type of fragmentable loading has shown poor dimensional stability during significant temperature variations.
- nitroglycerin requires all the precautions linked to the use of explosive nitrated oils and we also know that these oils tend to exude over time, modifying by the performance of the load, not to mention the dangers posed by the presence of droplets of nitroglycerin on the surface of the load.
- the second way of manufacturing fragmentable charges from propellant powder in grains consists in ensuring the cohesion of the powder grains by hot compression.
- This route makes it possible to obtain loads that are much more homogeneous in terms of their chemical composition and therefore having greater homogeneity and greater reliability in terms of ballistic results.
- this route is difficult to implement because nitrocellulose does not have a softening point and it is not possible to ensure the cohesion of uncoated powder grains by compression even when hot.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a simple process for the production of homogeneous fragmentable charges from nitrocellulose propellant powder in grains coated with a layer of polyvinyl nitrate.
- the process for manufacturing fragmentable charges of nitrocellulose propellant powder according to the invention is characterized in that, in a conventional process for the manufacture of nitrocellulose propellant powder with solvent, a smoothing operation is carried out during which one sprays on the powder grains a smoothing solution containing at least polyvinyl nitrate and a stabilizer, and in that, after evaporation of the solvent from said solution, the powder grains thus obtained are compressed between about 80 and 120 ° C.
- the invention also relates to the fragmentable loadings obtained using this process.
- the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible, by using a particular smoothing solution, to obtain, by a conventional method of manufacturing a propellant powder based on nitrocellulose with solvents, grains of powder which can be directly compressed, without additional handling and at temperatures much lower than the nitrocellulose decomposition temperature, in perfectly homogeneous fragmentable charges since obtained from grains of powder all identical.
- the nitrocellulose propellant powders are produced by kneading the nitrocellulose, in the presence of usual additives known to those skilled in the art, in a gelatinizing solvent which is generally an ether / ethyl alcohol mixture.
- a gelatinizing solvent which is generally an ether / ethyl alcohol mixture.
- the dough thus obtained is press spun, cut into grains, air-wrung and soaked in water so as to completely remove the solvents.
- the powder grains are then dried. They can then undergo the so-called smoothing operation during which, in a conventional process, a spray moderator such as camphor or a urea such as centralite in solution in a solvent is sprayed onto the powder grains.
- the powder grains are then optionally soaked again and dried to undergo a final graphitization in general.
- the smoothing operation is therefore modified and consists in spraying the grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder with a solution of polyvinyl nitrate mixed with a stabilizer which is preferably diphenylamine or 2-nitro-diphenylamine.
- the solvent used is either an aliphatic ketone-aliphatic alcohol mixture such as the acetone-ethyl alcohol mixture, or a light aliphatic ester-aliphatic alcohol mixture such as the ethyl acetate-ethyl alcohol mixture.
- the preferred mixture according to the invention is the acetone-ethyl alcohol mixture.
- the weight / alcohol weight ratio of the powder can be between 5 and 30% and preferably between 15 and 25%.
- the ketone or ester / weight ratio of the powder can be between 20% and 40% and preferably between 25% and 35%. He can be . interesting to add to the polyvinyl nitrate and to the stabilizer a plasticizer chosen from the usual plasticizers known to those skilled in the art such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dinitrotoluene, camphor, diethyldiphenylurea. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, nitrocellulose can also be added to polyvinyl nitrate. All of these combinations are possible as long as the smoothing solution contains an amount of polyvinyl nitrate of between 2 and 10% of the weight of powder to be treated, and preferably between 3 and 5%. "
- the smoothing solution is sprayed onto the powder at a temperature of approximately between 30 and 50 ° C.
- a temperature of approximately between 30 and 50 ° C.
- the solvent is then allowed to evaporate for approximately one hour and there are thus grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder coated with an external layer rich in polyvinyl nitrate, ready to be compressed without any other particular manipulation.
- the smoothing operation with the polyvinyl nitrate solution occurs after a conventional operation of smoothing the powder with a combustion moderator.
- the compression of the powder grains thus coated is carried out hot, at a temperature between 80 and 120 ° C.
- the compression pressure depends on the nature of the base powder and on the fragmentation characteristics expected from the load. For the usual fragmentable loadings intended for the ammunition for weapons of small and average gauges, a compression pressure ranging between 100 and 200 bars is in general sufficient
- the grains of powder are preheated during approximately ten minutes at the temperature of compression, they are compressed and allowed to cool in air. One thus obtains perfectly homogeneous loadings fragmentable since obtained exclusively starting from grains of powder all identical. Furthermore, the powder grains are compressed below the nitrocellulose decomposition temperature thanks to the thermoplastic polyvinyl nitrate layer which coats each grain of powder.
- Fragmentable loadings were produced from a single nitrocellulose powder, having a potential of 900 calories / gram.
- the powder had been cut into cylindrical grains with a single central hole, with a web of 0.4 mm. This powder was first smoothed with 2% centralite. Then the powder was smoothed in a bezel with a polyvinyl nitrate-based collodion having the following composition (per 100 g of powder):
- the temperature of the bezel was 40 ° C. We left the beverage pan running, door open, for an hour.
- the powder grains thus obtained were compressed into cylindrical blocks having a central channel.
- the mold is preheated to 90 ° C.
- the powder thus coated is loaded into the mold, the powder is allowed to rise in temperature for 3 to 4 minutes, it is compressed for one minute under a pressure of 150 bars, it is removed from the mold immediately and the block is allowed to cool in air.
- Blocks having a height of 72.6 mm and a diameter of 30 mm were thus produced from 70 g of powder.
- These blocks were fired with or without bulk booster powder, in a 30 mm ammunition, the weight of the shell being 236 g and the following firing results were given:
- the compressed loads according to the invention fragment and burn like bulk powder loads while providing ballistic results similar to those provided by bulk loads but are more efficient than the latter because that they allow the introduction into a given volume of a greater quantity of energetic matter. Furthermore, their manufacturing process is very simple and very reliable.
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Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un nouveau type de chargements fragmentables pour armes de petits et moyens calibres réalisés à partir de grains de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose enrobés d'une pellicule à base de nitrate de polyvinyle.The present invention relates to a new type of fragmentable load for small and medium-sized weapons made from grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder coated with a film based on polyvinyl nitrate.
Les chargements fragmentable à base de grains de poudre propulsive sont de plus en plus couramment utilisés dans les munitions pour arme de petits et moyens calibres car ils permettent l'utilisation, dans un volume donné, d'une quantité de matière énergétique plus' importante que celle permise avec un chargement de grains de poudre propulsive en vrac, tout en conservant, grâce à la fragmentation à l'allumage, les caractéristiques essentielles de combustion des chargements en vrac et notamment la montée rapide en pression dans la culasse de l'arme.Fragmentable charges based on propellant powder grains are more and more commonly used in small and medium-caliber weapon ammunition because they allow the use, in a given volume, of a greater quantity of energetic material than that permitted with a loading of grains of propellant powder in bulk, while retaining, thanks to the fragmentation on ignition, the essential characteristics of combustion of bulk loads and in particular the rapid rise in pressure in the breech of the weapon.
Il existe deux grandes voies de fabrication de chargements fragmentables à partir de poudre propulsive en grains.There are two main ways of making fragmentable charges from grain propellant.
La première consiste à assurer la cohésion des grains de poudre par un liant chimique. Ce liant chimique peut être soit un polymère réticulable comme par exemple un polyuréthanne soit une huile gélatinisant la nitrocellulose comme la nitroglycérine. Néanmoins cette première voie est loin de donner satisfaction aux fabricants de chargements fragmentables. En effet, l'emploi d'un liant polyuréthanne est malaisé en raison de la difficulté qu'il y a à peser une quantité exacte de polymère pâteux et le moindre écarte de poids conduit à une variation des performances balistiques obtenues avec le bloc final, par ailleurs ce type de chargement fragmentable a montré une mauvaise stabilité dimensionnelle à l'occasion de variations importantes de la température. D'un autre coté, l'emploi d'une huile gélatinisante comme la nitroglycérine nécessite toutes les précautions liées à l'emploi des huiles nitrées explosives et l'on sait par ailleurs que ces huiles ont tendance à exsuder avec le temps, modifiant par là-même les performances du chargement sans parler des dangers présentés par la présence de goutelettes de nitroglycérine en surface du chargement.The first consists in ensuring the cohesion of the powder grains by a chemical binder. This chemical binder can be either a crosslinkable polymer such as for example a polyurethane or a gelatinizing oil nitrocellulose such as nitroglycerin. However, this first route is far from satisfying the manufacturers of fragmentable loads. Indeed, the use of a polyurethane binder is difficult because of the difficulty in weighing an exact quantity of pasty polymer and the slightest difference in weight leads to a variation in the ballistic performances obtained with the final block, moreover, this type of fragmentable loading has shown poor dimensional stability during significant temperature variations. On the other hand, the use of a gelatinizing oil such as nitroglycerin requires all the precautions linked to the use of explosive nitrated oils and we also know that these oils tend to exude over time, modifying by the performance of the load, not to mention the dangers posed by the presence of droplets of nitroglycerin on the surface of the load.
La seconde voie de fabrication de chargements fragmentables à partir de poudre propulsive en grains consiste à assurer la cohésion des grains de poudre par compression à chaud. Cette voie permet d'obtenir des chargements beaucoup plus homogènes sur le plan de leur composition chimique et présentant de ce fait une plus grande homogénéité et une plus grande fiabilité au niveau des résultats balistiques. Néanmoins cette voie est d'une mise en oeuvre délicate car la nitrocellulose ne présente pas de point de ramollissement et il n'est pas possible d'assurer la cohésion de grains de poudre non enrobés par compression même à chaud. Dans le but de rendre cette opération moins dangereuse on a déjà proposé soit de traiter avant la compression les grains de poudre propulsive par un plastifiant liquide gélatinisant de la nitrocellulose, comme par exemple la triacétine, soit de mélanger avant la compression les grains de poudre avec un liant solide thermoplastique à base de nitrocellulose et de nitrate de polyvinyle. Ces solutions per- , mettent d'effectuer la compression des grains. de poudre dans des conditions de sécurité meilleures mais compliquent le procédé de fabrication du chargement fragmentable par le fait qu'il faut dans un cas assurer l'imprégnation de tous les grains de poudre par un plastifiant liquide et dans l'autre cas assurer un mélange aussi homogène que possible de deux solides.The second way of manufacturing fragmentable charges from propellant powder in grains consists in ensuring the cohesion of the powder grains by hot compression. This route makes it possible to obtain loads that are much more homogeneous in terms of their chemical composition and therefore having greater homogeneity and greater reliability in terms of ballistic results. However, this route is difficult to implement because nitrocellulose does not have a softening point and it is not possible to ensure the cohesion of uncoated powder grains by compression even when hot. In order to make this operation less dangerous, it has already been proposed either to treat the grains of propellant powder before compression with a liquid gelatinizing plasticizer of nitrocellulose, such as triacetin, or to mix the grains of powder before compression a solid thermoplastic binder based on nitrocellulose and polyvinyl nitrate. These solutions make it possible to effect the compression of the grains. powder in better safety conditions but complicate the manufacturing process of the fragmentable load by the fact that it is necessary in one case to ensure the impregnation of all the grains of powder with a liquid plasticizer and in the other case to ensure a mixture as homogeneous as possible of two solids.
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer un procédé simple de fabrication de chargements fragmentables homogènes à partir de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose en grains enrobés d'une couche de nitrate de polyvinyle.The object of the present invention is to propose a simple process for the production of homogeneous fragmentable charges from nitrocellulose propellant powder in grains coated with a layer of polyvinyl nitrate.
Le procédé de fabrication de chargements fragmentables de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose selon l'invention se caractérise en ce que, dans un procédé classique de fabrication de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose avec solvant, on effectue une opération de lissage au cours de laquelle on pulvérise sur les grains de poudre une solution de lissage contenant au moins du nitrate de polyvinyle et un stabilisant, et en ce que, après évaporation du solvant de ladite solution, on comprime entre environ 80 et 120°C les grains de poudre ainsi obtenus. L'invention a également pour objet les chargements fragmentables obtenus à l'aide de ce procédé.The process for manufacturing fragmentable charges of nitrocellulose propellant powder according to the invention is characterized in that, in a conventional process for the manufacture of nitrocellulose propellant powder with solvent, a smoothing operation is carried out during which one sprays on the powder grains a smoothing solution containing at least polyvinyl nitrate and a stabilizer, and in that, after evaporation of the solvent from said solution, the powder grains thus obtained are compressed between about 80 and 120 ° C. The invention also relates to the fragmentable loadings obtained using this process.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet donc, par l'emploi d'une solution de lissage particulière, d'obtenir, par un procédé classique de fabrication d'une poudre propulsive à base de nitrocellulose avec solvants, des grains de poudre qui peuvent être directement comprimés, sans manipulation supplémentaire et à des températures nettement inférieures à la température de décomposition de la nitrocellulose, en chargements fragmentables parfaitement homogènes puisqu'obtenus à partir de grains de poudre tous identiques.The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible, by using a particular smoothing solution, to obtain, by a conventional method of manufacturing a propellant powder based on nitrocellulose with solvents, grains of powder which can be directly compressed, without additional handling and at temperatures much lower than the nitrocellulose decomposition temperature, in perfectly homogeneous fragmentable charges since obtained from grains of powder all identical.
De façon classique les poudres propulsives à la nitrocellulose sont fabriquées par malaxage de la nitrocellulose, en présence d'additifs usuels connus de l'homme de métier, dans uns solvant gélatinisant qui est en général un mélange éther/alcool éthylique. La pâte ainsi obtenue est filée à la presse, découpée en grains, essorée à l'air et trempée à l'eau de manière à éliminer complètement les solvants. Les grains de poudre sont ensuite séchés. Ils peuvent alors subir l'opération dite de lissage au cours de laquelle, dans un procédé classique, on pulvérise sur les grains de poudre un modérateur de combustion tel que le camphre ou une urée comme la centralite en solution dans un solvant. Les grains de poudre sont ensuite éventuellement trempés à nouveau et séchés pour subir en général un graphitage final.Conventionally, the nitrocellulose propellant powders are produced by kneading the nitrocellulose, in the presence of usual additives known to those skilled in the art, in a gelatinizing solvent which is generally an ether / ethyl alcohol mixture. The dough thus obtained is press spun, cut into grains, air-wrung and soaked in water so as to completely remove the solvents. The powder grains are then dried. They can then undergo the so-called smoothing operation during which, in a conventional process, a spray moderator such as camphor or a urea such as centralite in solution in a solvent is sprayed onto the powder grains. The powder grains are then optionally soaked again and dried to undergo a final graphitization in general.
Selon l'invention l'opération de lissage est donc modifée et consiste à pulvériser sur les grains de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose une solution de nitrate de polyvinyle mélange à un stabilisant qui est préférentiellement la diphénylamine ou la nitro-2 diphénylamine. Le solvant utilisé est soit un mélange cétone aliphatique-alcool aliphatique comme le mélange acétone-alcool éthylique, soit un mélange ester aliphatique léger-alcool aliphatique comme le mélange acétate d'éthyle- alcool éthylique. Le mélange préféré selon l'invention est le mélange acétone-alcool éthylique. Le rapport pondéral alcool/poids de la poudre peut être compris entre 5 et 30% et préferentiellement entre 15 et 25%. Le rapport pondéral cétone ou ester/poids de la poudre peut être compris entre 20% et 40% et préférentiellement entre 25% et 35%. Il peut être . intéressant d'ajouter au nitrate de polyvinyle et au stabilisant un plastifiant choisi parmi les plastifiants usuels connus de l'homme de métier tels que le phtalate de dibutyle, le phtalate de dioctyle, le dinitrotoluène, le camphre, la diéthyldiphénylurée. Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention on peut également ajouter de la nitrocellulose au nitrate de polyvinyle. Toutes ces combinaisons sont possibles du moment que la solution de lissage contient une quantité de nitrate de polyvinyle comprise entre 2 et 10% du poids de poudre à traiter, _et __préférentiellement comprise entre 3 et 5%. "According to the invention, the smoothing operation is therefore modified and consists in spraying the grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder with a solution of polyvinyl nitrate mixed with a stabilizer which is preferably diphenylamine or 2-nitro-diphenylamine. The solvent used is either an aliphatic ketone-aliphatic alcohol mixture such as the acetone-ethyl alcohol mixture, or a light aliphatic ester-aliphatic alcohol mixture such as the ethyl acetate-ethyl alcohol mixture. The preferred mixture according to the invention is the acetone-ethyl alcohol mixture. The weight / alcohol weight ratio of the powder can be between 5 and 30% and preferably between 15 and 25%. The ketone or ester / weight ratio of the powder can be between 20% and 40% and preferably between 25% and 35%. He can be . interesting to add to the polyvinyl nitrate and to the stabilizer a plasticizer chosen from the usual plasticizers known to those skilled in the art such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dinitrotoluene, camphor, diethyldiphenylurea. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, nitrocellulose can also be added to polyvinyl nitrate. All of these combinations are possible as long as the smoothing solution contains an amount of polyvinyl nitrate of between 2 and 10% of the weight of powder to be treated, and preferably between 3 and 5%. "
La solution de lissage est pulvérisée sur la poudre à une température comprise approximativement entre 30 et 50°C. On peut par exemple effectuer cette pulvérisation dans un drageoir. On laisse ensuite s'évaporer le solvant pendant environ une heure et l'on dispose ainsi de grains de poudre propulsive à la nitrocellulose enrobés d'une couche externe riche en nitrate de polyvinyle, prêts à être comprimés sans autre manipulation particulière.The smoothing solution is sprayed onto the powder at a temperature of approximately between 30 and 50 ° C. One can for example carry out this spraying in a bezel. The solvent is then allowed to evaporate for approximately one hour and there are thus grains of nitrocellulose propellant powder coated with an external layer rich in polyvinyl nitrate, ready to be compressed without any other particular manipulation.
Selon une réalisation particulière de l'invention, l'operation de lissage avec la solution au nitrate de polyvinyle intervient après une opération classique de lissage de la poudre avec un modérateur de combustion. Dans ce cas, il peut être intéressant d'effectuer après la première opération de lissage, un trempage et un séchage des grains de poudre de manière à éliminer complètement les solvants introduits par la première opération de lissage.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the smoothing operation with the polyvinyl nitrate solution occurs after a conventional operation of smoothing the powder with a combustion moderator. In this case, it may be advantageous to carry out, after the first smoothing operation, soaking and drying the grains of powder so as to completely eliminate the solvents introduced by the first smoothing operation.
La compression des grains de poudre ainsi enrobés s'effectue à chaud, à une température comprise entre 80 et 120°C. La pression de compression dépend de la nature de la poudre de base et des caractéristiques de fragmentation attendues du chargement. Pour les chargements fragmentables usuels destinés aux munitions pour armes de petits et moyens calibres, une pression de compression comprise entre 100 et 200 bars est en général suffisante Les grains de poudre sont préchauffés pendant environ une dizaine de minutes à la température de la compression, ils sont comprimés et on les laisse refroidir à l'air. On obtient ainsi des chargements fragmentables parfaitement homogènes puisqu'obtenus exclusivement à partir de grains de poudre tous identiques. Par ailleurs, la compression des grains de poudre se fait en dessous de la température de décomposition de la nitrocellulose grâce à la couche thermoplastique de nitrate de polyvinyle qui enrobe chaque grain de poudre.The compression of the powder grains thus coated is carried out hot, at a temperature between 80 and 120 ° C. The compression pressure depends on the nature of the base powder and on the fragmentation characteristics expected from the load. For the usual fragmentable loadings intended for the ammunition for weapons of small and average gauges, a compression pressure ranging between 100 and 200 bars is in general sufficient The grains of powder are preheated during approximately ten minutes at the temperature of compression, they are compressed and allowed to cool in air. One thus obtains perfectly homogeneous loadings fragmentable since obtained exclusively starting from grains of powder all identical. Furthermore, the powder grains are compressed below the nitrocellulose decomposition temperature thanks to the thermoplastic polyvinyl nitrate layer which coats each grain of powder.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de l'exemple de mise en oeuvre donné ci-après.The invention will be better understood using the example of implementation given below.
On a réalisé des chargements fragmentables à partir d'une poudre à simple base à la nitrocellulose, présentant un potentiel de 900 calories/gramme. La poudre avait été découpée en grains cylindriques présentant un trou unique central, avec un web de 0,4 mm. Cette poudre a dans un premier temps été lissée avec 2% de centralite. Puis la poudre a été lissée au drageoir avec un collodion à base de nitrate de polyvinyle ayant la composition suivante (pour 100 g de poudre):
La température du drageoir était de 40°C. On a laissé tourner le drageoir, porte ouverte, pendant un heure.The temperature of the bezel was 40 ° C. We left the beverage pan running, door open, for an hour.
On a comprimé les grains de poudre ainsi obtenus en blocs cylindriques présentant un canal central. Le moule est préchauffé à 90°C. On charge la poudre ainsi enrobée dans le moule, on laisse monter la poudre en température pendant 3 à 4 minutes, on comprime pendant une minute sous une pression de 150 bars, on démoule immédiatement et on laisse le bloc se refroidir à l'air. On a ainsi fabriqué à partir de 70 g de poudre des blocs ayant une hauteur de 72,6 mm et un diamètre de 30 mm. Ces blocs ont été tirés avec ou sans poudre d'appoint en vrac, dans une munition de 30 mm, le poids de l'obus faisant 236 g et on donné les résultats de tir suivants:
A titre comparatif, la poudre en grains d'origine, lissée simplement à la centralite a été chargée en vrac dans la même munition, on a pu ainsi introduire 52 g de poudre (au lieu de 70 g avec le chargement fragmentable comprimé) compte tenu du volume perdu en vide. Les résultats de tir ont été les suivants:
Au vu de ces résultats, on observe que les chargements comprimés selon l'invention se fragmentent et brûlent comme des chargements de poudre en vrac en fournissant des résultats balistiques analogues à ceux fournis par les chargements en vrac mais sont plus performants que ces derniers du fait qu'ils permettent l'introduction dans un volume donné d'une quantité plus grande de matière énergétique. Par ailleurs leur procédé de fabrication est très simple et très fiable.In view of these results, it is observed that the compressed loads according to the invention fragment and burn like bulk powder loads while providing ballistic results similar to those provided by bulk loads but are more efficient than the latter because that they allow the introduction into a given volume of a greater quantity of energetic matter. Furthermore, their manufacturing process is very simple and very reliable.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7827118A FR2436766A1 (en) | 1978-09-21 | 1978-09-21 | FRAGMENTABLE LOADS OF PROPULSIVE POWDER COATED WITH POLYVINYL NITRATE AND THEIR MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| FR7827118 | 1978-09-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0010009A1 EP0010009A1 (en) | 1980-04-16 |
| EP0010009B1 true EP0010009B1 (en) | 1981-09-16 |
Family
ID=9212888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP79400590A Expired EP0010009B1 (en) | 1978-09-21 | 1979-08-28 | Fragmentable loads of propellent powder coated with polyvinyl nitrate and process for producing them |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4326901A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0010009B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU529754B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1156839A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2960839D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2436766A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL58127A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11686151B2 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2023-06-27 | Springs Window Fashions, Llc | Motorized shade and wand assembly |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2436120A1 (en) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-04-11 | Basset Bretagne Loire | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AGGLOMERATED POWDER ELEMENTS |
| FR2518736B1 (en) * | 1981-12-17 | 1986-09-26 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | MIXED LOADS FOR AMMUNITION WITH SOCKET CONSISTING OF AGGLOMERATED PROPULSIVE POWDER AND GRAIN PROPULSIVE POWDER |
| SE451716B (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1987-10-26 | Nobel Kemi Ab | SET TO ADD INHIBITIVE SUBSTANCE TO POWDER IN A FLUIDIZED BED AND FOR THE TREATMENT OF POWDERED ADDED AGENT |
| JPH07112537B2 (en) * | 1987-11-27 | 1995-12-06 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Method for mixing raw material composition of highly ignitable or explosive substance |
| DE3913603C1 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-03-29 | Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh, 8261 Aschau, De | |
| US5251531A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1993-10-12 | Wnc-Nitrochemie Gmbh | Method and apparatus to prepare monobasic propellant charge powders with alcohol and ether as solvents |
| FR2658505B1 (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1992-04-30 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FRAGMENTABLE PROPULSIVE LOADS RESISTANT TO TEMPERATURE, CONSTITUENT POWDERS AND LOADS THUS OBTAINED. |
| US5174837A (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1992-12-29 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Temperature-resistant, fragmentable propellent charges |
| US5489349A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-02-06 | Trw Inc. | Grains of gas generating material and process for forming the grains |
| US6692655B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2004-02-17 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Method of making multi-base propellants from pelletized nitrocellulose |
| US6860208B2 (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2005-03-01 | Trw Inc. | Nitrocellulose gas generating material for a vehicle occupant protection apparatus |
| US7191709B2 (en) | 2004-02-10 | 2007-03-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Enhanced performance reactive composite projectiles |
| US7383775B1 (en) | 2005-09-06 | 2008-06-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Reactive munition in a three-dimensionally rigid state |
| GB2440515B (en) | 2006-08-01 | 2011-06-15 | Dyson Technology Ltd | A filter assembly |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3711343A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Cellular nitrocellulose based composition and method of making |
| US4023996A (en) * | 1973-08-09 | 1977-05-17 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Moldable compositions comprising polyvinyl nitrate |
| FR2374278A1 (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-13 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | UNIT LOADING OF AGGLOMERATED POWDER |
| JPS5476813A (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1979-06-19 | Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd | Small granular propellant and production thereof |
| FR2411817A1 (en) * | 1977-12-15 | 1979-07-13 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | FRAGMENTABLE UNIT LOADING OF PROPELLANT POWDER CONTAINING A BINDER OF POLYVINYL NITRATE |
-
1978
- 1978-09-21 FR FR7827118A patent/FR2436766A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-08-28 IL IL58127A patent/IL58127A/en unknown
- 1979-08-28 EP EP79400590A patent/EP0010009B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-28 DE DE7979400590T patent/DE2960839D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-05 US US06/072,583 patent/US4326901A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-09-17 CA CA000335797A patent/CA1156839A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-20 AU AU51011/79A patent/AU529754B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11686151B2 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2023-06-27 | Springs Window Fashions, Llc | Motorized shade and wand assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2436766A1 (en) | 1980-04-18 |
| AU5101179A (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| US4326901A (en) | 1982-04-27 |
| IL58127A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
| FR2436766B1 (en) | 1981-02-27 |
| CA1156839A (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| DE2960839D1 (en) | 1981-12-03 |
| AU529754B2 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| EP0010009A1 (en) | 1980-04-16 |
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