EP0009431A1 - Capacitive coupling device for electronic tubes and electronic tube comprising such a device - Google Patents

Capacitive coupling device for electronic tubes and electronic tube comprising such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009431A1
EP0009431A1 EP79400611A EP79400611A EP0009431A1 EP 0009431 A1 EP0009431 A1 EP 0009431A1 EP 79400611 A EP79400611 A EP 79400611A EP 79400611 A EP79400611 A EP 79400611A EP 0009431 A1 EP0009431 A1 EP 0009431A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
coupling electrode
coupling
electrode
electronic
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EP79400611A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0009431B1 (en
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Michel Benoit
Pierre Gerlach
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Thales SA
Thomson CSF Scpi
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Thomson CSF Scpi
Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/78—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a capacitive coupling device for an electronic tube. It also relates to electronic tubes comprising such a device.
  • the device according to the invention applies essentially to coaxial geometry tubes, such as power triodes and tetrodes used by radio and television transmitters, radars, industrial high frequency generators.
  • the invention can however also be applied to other types of tubes, such as planar triodes.
  • a capacitive coupling is thus established between the upper cap of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode, and this coupling electrode.
  • means make it possible to make the distance, and therefore the coupling capacity, variable between the coupling electrode and the upper cap of a grid of the tube.
  • the means isolating the coupling electrode from the anode of the tube are located in an area which is not in direct view of the area of the tube subjected to electronic bombardment.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the electronic tube 1, chosen by way of example of coaxial geometry, is shown seen in a direction parallel to its axis 00 '.
  • a snatch on these views shows two embodiments of the capacitive coupling device according to the invention.
  • the coupling electrode 2 is located inside the vacuum enclosure of the electronic tube where it constitutes the bottom of the tube. It is made up of a metallic mass, which can be made of copper. Means 3 isolate this coupling electrode 2 from the anode 10 of the tube. These means can be constituted by a ceramic or glass insulator, similar to those which are commonly used to insulate the connections of electronic tubes. Means 4 and 5 respectively provide the connection between the insulating means 3 and the coupling electrode 2 and between the insulating means 3 and the anode 10 of the tube.
  • the coupling electrode 2 and the anode 10 are generally made of copper and connection means are required between these elements and the insulating means 3, to avoid ruptures due to differences in dilata tion between copper and insulator.
  • the connection means 4 and 5 may consist of two collars made of Fe Ni Co alloy. The connection means also serve as connections for connecting the device to one or more external circuits.
  • a capacitive coupling is thus established, under vacuum, between the upper cap 9 of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode and this coupling electrode.
  • the grid of the tube whose upper cap is closest to the coupling electrode is the screen grid in the case of a tetrode, the grid in the case of a triode.
  • a substantially flat capacitor which has all the advantages of vacuum capacitors and which is directly integrated into the tube itself, is thus formed.
  • the insulator 3 is of cylindrical shape and is located in an area which is not in direct view of the area of the tube subjected to electronic bombardment.
  • the electron beam in a coaxial geometry tube is ra - dial. It is understood that the invention also applies to cases where the insulator 3 is substantially planar and projects beyond the anode 10.
  • Means for cooling the coupling electrode 2 are generally provided. These means are generally the same as those used to cool the anode 10 of the tube.
  • the coupling electrode can be cooled by air, in this case it is capped with an air radiator, or by circulation of fluid, of water generally, as is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and identified by 6. Solutions mixed, air and fluid at the same time, may be suitable for certain particular cases.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the coupling device according to the invention or means 7 make it possible to make this distance variable and therefore the coupling capacity.
  • These means can be constituted by a deformable metal bellows 7, similar to the bellows used in variable vacuum capacitor technology, this bellows 7 connecting the coupling electrode 2 to the connection means 4 between this electrode and the insulating means 3.
  • means 8, represented symbolically in FIG. 2, allow the coupling electrode 2 to be movable in translation and immobile in rotation.

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Abstract

Dispositif de couplage capacitif pour tube électronique qui est constitué par une électrode de couplage (2), située à l'intérieur de l'enceinte à vide du tube (1), des moyens (3) isolant cette électrode de l'anode (10) du tube et des moyens (4, 5) assurant la liaison entre d'une part les moyens isolants (3) et d'autre part, l'électrode de couplage (2) et l'anode (10). Les moyens de liaison (4, 5) servent de connexions pour raccorder le dispositif à un ou plusieurs circuits extérieurs. Un couplage capacitif est ainsi établi entre l'électrode de couplage (2) et la calotte supérieure (9) d'une grille du tube, cette calotte étant la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage.Capacitive coupling device for an electronic tube which is constituted by a coupling electrode (2), located inside the vacuum enclosure of the tube (1), means (3) isolating this electrode from the anode (10 ) of the tube and means (4, 5) ensuring the connection between on the one hand the insulating means (3) and on the other hand, the coupling electrode (2) and the anode (10). The connecting means (4, 5) serve as connections for connecting the device to one or more external circuits. A capacitive coupling is thus established between the coupling electrode (2) and the upper cap (9) of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de couplage capacitif pour tube électronique. Elle concerne également les tubes électroniques comportant un tel dispositif.The present invention relates to a capacitive coupling device for an electronic tube. It also relates to electronic tubes comprising such a device.

Le dispositif selon l'invention s'applique essentiellement aux tubes de géométrie coaxiale, tels que les triodes et tétrodes de puissance qu'utilisent les émetteurs de radiodiffusion et de télévision, les radars, les générateurs de haute fréquence industrielle. L'invention peut cependant s'appliquer aussi à d'autres types de tubes, tels que les triodes planes.The device according to the invention applies essentially to coaxial geometry tubes, such as power triodes and tetrodes used by radio and television transmitters, radars, industrial high frequency generators. The invention can however also be applied to other types of tubes, such as planar triodes.

Le dispositif de couplage capacitif pour tube électronique selon l'invention comporte :

  • - un électrode de couplage, située à l'intérieur de l'enceinte à vide du tube ;
  • - des moyens isolant cette électrode de l'anode du tube ;
  • - des moyens de liaison entre d'une part les moyens isolants et d'autre part l'électrode de couplage et l'anode, ces moyens servant de connexions pour raccorder le dispositif à un ou plusieurs circuits extérieurs.
The capacitive coupling device for electronic tube according to the invention comprises:
  • - a coupling electrode, located inside the vacuum enclosure of the tube;
  • - means isolating this electrode from the anode of the tube;
  • - Connection means between on the one hand the insulating means and on the other hand the coupling electrode and the anode, these means serving as connections for connecting the device to one or more external circuits.

Un couplage capacitif est ainsi établi entre la calotte supérieure d'une grille du tube, cette calotte étant la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage, et cette électrode de couplage.A capacitive coupling is thus established between the upper cap of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode, and this coupling electrode.

Dans un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, des moyens permettent de rendre variables la distance, et donc la capacité de couplage, entre l'électrode de couplage et la calotte supérieure d'une grille du tube.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, means make it possible to make the distance, and therefore the coupling capacity, variable between the coupling electrode and the upper cap of a grid of the tube.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif, les moyens isolant l'électrode de couplage de l'anode du tube sont situés dans une zone qui n'est pas en vue directe de la zone du tube soumise au bombardement électronique.In another embodiment of the device, the means isolating the coupling electrode from the anode of the tube are located in an area which is not in direct view of the area of the tube subjected to electronic bombardment.

Le dispositif selon l'invention présente de nombreux avantages parmi lesquels on peut citer :

  • - la possibilité de régler la valeur de la capacité existant entre l'électrode de couplage et le tube ;
  • - sa grande durée de vie qui est encore plus importante dans le cas où les moyens isolant l'électrode de couplage de l'anode du tube sont situés dans une zone qui n'est pas en vue directe de la zone du tube soumise au bombardement électronique. Les moyens isolant l'électrode de couplage sont ainsi soustraits aux contraintes thermiques qui pourraient provoquer leur rupture et leur face interne ne peut intercepter des molécules métalliques tendant à la rendre conductrice ;
  • - son intégration au tube, qui permet, dans de nombreuses applications, de diminuer l'encombrement des tubes comportant un tel dispositif ;
  • - la réalisation d'un couplage capacitif sous vide assurant une bonne tenue.en tension et une absence de phénomène d'ionisation ;
  • - sa grande diversité d'applications.
The device according to the invention has many advantages, among which we can cite:
  • - the possibility of adjusting the value of the capacity existing between the coupling electrode and the tube;
  • - Its long service life which is even greater in the case where the means isolating the coupling electrode from the anode of the tube are located in an area which is not in direct view of the area of the tube subjected to bombardment. electronic. The means isolating the coupling electrode are thus removed from the thermal stresses which could cause them to rupture and their internal face cannot intercept metallic molecules tending to make it conductive;
  • - Its integration into the tube, which allows, in many applications, to reduce the size of the tubes comprising such a device;
  • - The realization of a capacitive coupling under vacuum ensuring a good behavior. in tension and an absence of phenomenon of ionization;
  • - its great diversity of applications.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut notamment être utilisé :

  • - pour obtenir une faible variation de la capacité de sortie du tube et donc, un réglage précis de la fréquence d'accord d'un amplificateur ou d'un oscillateur haute fréquence à fréquence fixe ;
  • - comme organe de prélèvement direct de la totalité ou d'une partie de l'énergie utile engendrée dans le circuit de sortie du tube. Il peut ainsi être utilisé pour réaliser un couplage de sortie, de réaction ou de contre-réaction. Dans l'art antérieur, ces couplages sont généralement effectués par une ou deux "palettes de charge" extérieures au tube. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de réaliser un meilleur couplage qu'une "palette de charge", notamment lorsque le ventre de tension est à l'intérieur du tube ;
  • - pour coupler à des impédances d'amortissement les modes d'oscillations parasites qui peuvent s'établir dans les tubes coaxiaux. Le dispositif selon l'invention, intégré au tube, présente l'avantage d'être proche des ondes électromagnétiques parasites à coupler. Il permet ainsi de réaliser même dans des cas difficiles un couplage suffisant. Le dispositif selon l'invention présente également l'avantage de séparer les circuits qui traitent l'onde utile de ceux qui traitent les phénomènes parasites. Lorsque les fréquences d'utilisation et les fréquences parasites ont des ordres de grandeur très différents, le dispositif selon l'invention peut être dimensionné pour que le couplage soit efficace pour les ondes à amortir et pour que l'onde utile ne soit pas amortie. Il contribue ainsi à la sélection des fréquences en plus de sa fonction de couplage.
The device according to the invention can in particular be used:
  • - to obtain a small variation in the output capacity of the tube and therefore, a precise adjustment of the tuning frequency of a high frequency amplifier or oscillator at fixed frequency;
  • - as a direct sampling device for all or part of the useful energy generated in the tube outlet circuit. It can thus be used to carry out an output, reaction or feedback coupling. In the prior art, these couplings are generally carried out by one or two "load pallets" external to the tube. The device according to the invention makes it possible to achieve better coupling than a "load pallet", in particular when the tension belly is inside the tube;
  • - to couple to damping impedances the parasitic oscillation modes which can be established in the coaxial tubes. The device according to the invention, integrated into the tube, has the advantage of being close to the parasitic electromagnetic waves to be coupled. It thus makes it possible even in difficult cases to achieve sufficient coupling. The device according to the invention also has the advantage of separating the circuits which process the useful wave from those which treat parasitic phenomena. When the frequencies of use and the parasitic frequencies have very different orders of magnitude, the device according to the invention can be dimensioned so that the coupling is effective for the waves to be damped and so that the useful wave is not damped. It thus contributes to the selection of frequencies in addition to its coupling function.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et résultats de l'invention ressortiront de la description sui- vante,donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustrée par les figures annexées 1 et 2, qui représentent une vue, dans une direction parallèle à son axe, d'un tube électronique de géométrie coaxiale, sur cette vue un arraché montre un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de couplage capacitif selon l'invention.Other objects, characteristics and results of the invention will emerge from the following description. Vante, given by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the appended figures 1 and 2, which represent a view, in a direction parallel to its axis, of an electronic tube of coaxial geometry, in this view a tear shows a mode for producing a capacitive coupling device according to the invention.

Sur les deux figures, les mêmes repères désignent les mêmes éléments,mais,pour des raisons de clarté,les cotes et proportions des différents éléments'n'ont pas été respectées.In the two figures, the same references designate the same elements, but, for reasons of clarity, the dimensions and proportions of the different elements have not been respected.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, le tube électronique 1, choisi à titre d'exemple de géométrie coaxiale, est représenté vu dans une direction parallèle à son axe 00'. Un arraché sur ces vues montre deux modes de réalisation du dispositif de couplage capacitif selon l'invention.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the electronic tube 1, chosen by way of example of coaxial geometry, is shown seen in a direction parallel to its axis 00 '. A snatch on these views shows two embodiments of the capacitive coupling device according to the invention.

L'électrode de couplage 2 est située à l'intérieur de l'enceinte à vide du tube électronique où elle constitue le fond du tube. Elle est constituée par une masse métallique, qui peut être en cuivre. Des moyens 3 isolent cette électrode de couplage 2 de l'anode 10 du tube. Ces moyens peuvent être constitués par un isolateur en céramique ou en verre, analogue à ceux qui sont couramment utilisés pour isoler les connexions des tubes électroniques. Des moyens 4 et 5 assurent respectivement la liaison entre les moyens isolants 3 et l'électrode de couplage 2 et entre les moyens isolants 3 et l'anode 10 du tube. L'électrode de couplage 2 et l'anode 10 sont généralement en cuivre et il faut des moyens de liaison entre ces éléments et les moyens isolants 3, pour éviter les ruptures dues aux différences de dilatation entre cuivre et isolant. Les moyens.de liaison 4 et 5 peuvent être constitués par deux collets en alliage Fe Ni Co. Les moyens de liaison servent aussi de connexions pour raccorder le dispositif à un ou plusieurs circuits extérieurs.The coupling electrode 2 is located inside the vacuum enclosure of the electronic tube where it constitutes the bottom of the tube. It is made up of a metallic mass, which can be made of copper. Means 3 isolate this coupling electrode 2 from the anode 10 of the tube. These means can be constituted by a ceramic or glass insulator, similar to those which are commonly used to insulate the connections of electronic tubes. Means 4 and 5 respectively provide the connection between the insulating means 3 and the coupling electrode 2 and between the insulating means 3 and the anode 10 of the tube. The coupling electrode 2 and the anode 10 are generally made of copper and connection means are required between these elements and the insulating means 3, to avoid ruptures due to differences in dilata tion between copper and insulator. The connection means 4 and 5 may consist of two collars made of Fe Ni Co alloy. The connection means also serve as connections for connecting the device to one or more external circuits.

Un couplage capacitif est ainsi établi, sous vide, entre la calotte supérieure 9 d'une grille du tube, cette calotte étant la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage et cette électrode de couplage. La grille du tube dont la calotte supérieure est la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage est la grille écran dans le cas d'une tétrode, la grille dans le cas d'une triode. Un condensateur, sensiblement plan, qui possède tous les avantages des condensateurs sous vide et qui se trouve directement intégré dans le tube lui-même, est ainsi constitué.A capacitive coupling is thus established, under vacuum, between the upper cap 9 of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode and this coupling electrode. The grid of the tube whose upper cap is closest to the coupling electrode is the screen grid in the case of a tetrode, the grid in the case of a triode. A substantially flat capacitor, which has all the advantages of vacuum capacitors and which is directly integrated into the tube itself, is thus formed.

Dans un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, l'isolateur 3 est de forme cylindrique et se trouve situé dans une zone qui n'est pas en vue directe de la zone du tube soumise au bombardement électronique. On rappelle que le bombardement électronique dans un tube de géométrie coaxiale est ra- dial. Il est bien entendu que l'invention s'applique aussi aux cas ou l'isolateur 3 est sensiblement plan et déborde de l'anode 10.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the insulator 3 is of cylindrical shape and is located in an area which is not in direct view of the area of the tube subjected to electronic bombardment. Remember that the electron beam in a coaxial geometry tube is ra - dial. It is understood that the invention also applies to cases where the insulator 3 is substantially planar and projects beyond the anode 10.

Des moyens de refroidissement de l'électrode de couplage 2 sont généralement prévus. Ces moyens sont généralement les mêmes que ceux employés pour refroidir l'anode 10 du tube. L'électrode de couplage peut être refroidie par air, dans ce cas elle est coiffée d'un radiateur à air, ou par circulation de fluide, d'eau généralement, comme cela est schématisé sur la figure 1 et repéré par 6. Des solutions mixtes, air et fluide à la fois, peuvent convenir à certains cas particuliers.Means for cooling the coupling electrode 2 are generally provided. These means are generally the same as those used to cool the anode 10 of the tube. The coupling electrode can be cooled by air, in this case it is capped with an air radiator, or by circulation of fluid, of water generally, as is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and identified by 6. Solutions mixed, air and fluid at the same time, may be suitable for certain particular cases.

Sur la figure 1, le couplage capacitif entre l'électrode de couplage 2 et la calotte supérieure 9 de la grille du tube la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage est fixe.In FIG. 1, the capacitive coupling between the coupling electrode 2 and the upper cap 9 of the grid of the tube closest to the coupling electrode is fixed.

Pour certaines applications du tube, notamment pour prélever la totalité ou une partie de l'énergie utile du circuit de sortie du tube, pour obtenir une faible variation de la capacité de sortie du tube (ces applications ayant été préalablement décrites), il est avantageux de rendre variables la distance,et donc la capacité de couplage,entre l'électrode de couplage 2 et la calotte supérieure 9.For certain tube applications, in particular for taking all or part of the useful energy of the tube output circuit, to obtain a small variation in the tube output capacity (these applications having been previously described), it is advantageous to make the distance, and therefore the coupling capacity, between the coupling electrode 2 and the upper cap 9 variable.

Sur la figure 2 est représenté un mode de réalisation du dispositif de couplage selon l'invention ou des moyens 7 permettent de rendre variables cette distance et donc la capacité de couplage. Ces moyens peuvent être constitués par un soufflet métallique déformable 7, semblable aux soufflets utilisés dans la technologie des condensateurs variables sous vide, ce soufflet 7 reliant l'électrode de couplage 2 aux moyens de liaison 4 entre cette électrode et les moyens isolants 3. Des moyens 8, représentés symboliquement sur la figure 2, permettent à l'électrode de couplage 2 d'être mobile en translation et immobile en rotation.FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the coupling device according to the invention or means 7 make it possible to make this distance variable and therefore the coupling capacity. These means can be constituted by a deformable metal bellows 7, similar to the bellows used in variable vacuum capacitor technology, this bellows 7 connecting the coupling electrode 2 to the connection means 4 between this electrode and the insulating means 3. means 8, represented symbolically in FIG. 2, allow the coupling electrode 2 to be movable in translation and immobile in rotation.

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif de couplage capacitif pour tube électronique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une électrode de couplage (2), située à l'intérieur de l'enceinte à vide du tube (1) ; - des moyens (3) isolant cette électrode de l'anode (10) du tube ; - des moyens (4, 5) de liaison entre d'une part les moyens isolants (3) et d'autre part l'électrode de couplage (2) et l'anode (10), ces moyens servant de connexions pour raccorder le dispositif à un ou plusieurs circuits extérieurs ;un.couplage capacitif étant ainsi établi entre la calotte supérieure (9) d'une grille du tube, cette calotte étant la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage, et cette électrode de couplage (2).1. Capacitive coupling device for electronic tube, characterized in that it comprises: - a coupling electrode (2), located inside the vacuum enclosure of the tube (1); - Means (3) isolating this electrode from the anode (10) of the tube; - means (4, 5) for connection between on the one hand the insulating means (3) and on the other hand the coupling electrode (2) and the anode (10), these means serving as connections for connecting the device with one or more external circuits; a capacitive coupling thus being established between the upper cap (9) of a grid of the tube, this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode, and this coupling electrode (2). 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (3) isolant l'électrode de couplage (2) de l'anode (10) du tube sont situés dans une zone qui n'est pas en vue directe de la zone du tube soumise au bombardement électronique.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (3) isolating the coupling electrode (2) from the anode (10) of the tube are located in an area which is not in direct view of the tube area subject to electronic bombardment. 3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (7) permettant de rendre variables la distance, et donc la capacité de couplage, entre l'électrode de couplage (2) et la calotte supérieure (9) d'une grille du tube (1), cette calotte étant la plus proche de l'électrode de couplage.3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises means (7) making it possible to vary the distance, and therefore the coupling capacity, between the coupling electrode (2) and the upper cap (9) of a grid of the tube (1), this cap being the closest to the coupling electrode. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (7) permettant de rendre variables la distance, et donc la capacité de couplage, entre l'électrode de couplage (2) et la calotte supérieure (9) sont constitués par un soufflet métallique déformable reliant l'électrode couplage aux moyens (4) de liaison entre cette électrode et les moyens isolants (3), l'électrode de couplage étant alors munie de moyens (8) la rendant mobile en translation et immobile en rotation.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the means (7) making it possible to make the distance, and therefore the coupling capacity, variable between the coupling electrode (2) and the upper cap (9) consist of a metal bellows deformable link connecting the coupling electrode to the means (4) of connection between this electrode and the insulating means (3), the coupling electrode then being provided with means (8) making it movable in translation and immobile in rotation. 5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de couplage (2) comporte des moyens (6) de refroidissement par air et/ou par fluide.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coupling electrode (2) comprises means (6) for cooling by air and / or by fluid. 6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de couplage (2) constitué le fond du tube.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coupling electrode (2) constitutes the bottom of the tube. 7. Tube électronique caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes.7. Electronic tube characterized in that it comprises a device according to one of the preceding claims.
EP79400611A 1978-09-22 1979-09-04 Capacitive coupling device for electronic tubes and electronic tube comprising such a device Expired EP0009431B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7827254A FR2437061A1 (en) 1978-09-22 1978-09-22 CAPACITIVE COUPLING DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC TUBE AND ELECTRONIC TUBE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
FR7827254 1978-09-22

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EP0009431A1 true EP0009431A1 (en) 1980-04-02
EP0009431B1 EP0009431B1 (en) 1981-11-25

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DE2961453D1 (en) 1982-01-28
US4302705A (en) 1981-11-24
FR2437061B1 (en) 1981-02-27
EP0009431B1 (en) 1981-11-25
FR2437061A1 (en) 1980-04-18

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