EP0009241B1 - Preparation of a foam composition suitable for printing on a fabric - Google Patents
Preparation of a foam composition suitable for printing on a fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0009241B1 EP0009241B1 EP79103531A EP79103531A EP0009241B1 EP 0009241 B1 EP0009241 B1 EP 0009241B1 EP 79103531 A EP79103531 A EP 79103531A EP 79103531 A EP79103531 A EP 79103531A EP 0009241 B1 EP0009241 B1 EP 0009241B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- composition
- fabric
- printing
- foamed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 71
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 alicyclic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000675 fabric finishing Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009962 finishing (textile) Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088990 ammonium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003254 anti-foaming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007930 Oxalis acetosella Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008098 Oxalis acetosella Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/96—Dyeing characterised by a short bath ratio
- D06P1/965—Foam dyeing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/929—Carpet dyeing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the treatment of fabrics and, more particularly, to the treatment of fabrics with finishing agents such as coloring agents, wherein such agent is applied to the fabric in the form of a foamed composition.
- a composition comprised of a fabric finishing agent and a foam stabilizer is foamed with a suitable inert gas to a blow ratio, i.e., the ratio of the weight of a given volume of the unfoamed composition to that of the same volume of foamed composition, of from about 2:1 to about 20:1 to result in a highly stable foamed composition, containing the fabric finishing agent, having a foam density in the range of from about 0.5 gm/cc to about 0.05 gm/cc.
- the foamed composition is then applied to a fabric and eventually collapsed and forced into the fabric by the application of a mechanical force.
- the present invention is particularly directed to the application of a color containing foam composition and is designed to accurately maintain the blow ratio and minimize the amount of increase in the volume of the foamed composition containing the coloring agent during application to the fabric.
- agitation of the foamed composition during application on the fabric e.g., in a rotary printing screen, can incorporate additional air into the foamed composition and thereby decrease its density.
- the attendant decrease in foam density may cause a non-uniform application of the coloring agent on the fabric, and, in general, makes overall control of the desired concentration of coloring agent to be applied to the fabric difficult.
- the foregoing difficulty is encountered in processes for printing fabrics with a foamed printing composition by means of engraved printing rollers or rotary screen printers.
- the foamed composition is subjected to significant agitation in the presence of air and is therefore susceptible to volume increases during application to a fabric.
- the resultant non-uniform printing e.g., streaks, shading
- U.S. Patent No. 2,971,458 to Kumins, et al. describes a textile printing process utilizing a foamed printing composition which is applied to the engravings of a printing cylinder.
- Kumins, et al. provide a specially designed device to prevent additional air from contacting the foamed printing composition in the vicinity of its contact with the printing cylinder.
- a more specific object of this invention is to provide a fabric printing process wherein a foamed printing composition, stabilized against volumetric increases during its application to printing means and its subsequent transfer to the fabric, is utilized.
- a foamable fabric coloring composition is formed of a fabric coloring agent and a foaming agent in a liquid medium.
- the composition is preferably foamed to a blow ratio of up to about 10:1 and most preferably in the range of from about 2:1 to about 10:1 by incorporating an inert gas therein to provide a foamed fabric printing composition having a foam density in the range of from about 0.1 gm/cc to about 0.75 gm/cc.
- a foam growth inhibitor is introduced into the foamed composition at a predetermined blow ratio in order to restrict further foaming thereof.
- the foam growth inhibiting material is selected from the following chemical groups: aliphatic, alicyclic, and mixed aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols and hydrocarbons having C s- C so carbon atoms; amides and bis amides derived from C 1 to C 20 carboxylic acids; alkyl, aryl, and other organo substituted polysiloxane fluids and/or emulsions; organic esters of phosphoric and phosphonic acids; fluids, powders, and/or dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and other organo substituted polyfluoroethylene compounds, and in general, any other material which has anti-foaming tendencies which when added to the foam causes a resultant improvement of stability toward rotary screen and intaglio cylinder printing.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the foam growth inhibitor is introduced into the foamed composition once the desired blow ratio is achieved. It is also preferred that the amount of foam growth inhibitor so introduced be up to about 10 to 15 percent by weight of the total composition; however, in any event it should not be of a quantity sufficient to destroy the foam.
- the foamed printing composition to which has been added a foam growth inhibitor, is either applied to the engravings of a printing cylinder or admitted to the inside of a rotary screen printer.
- volumetric increases of the foam are avoided during the printing process. Such increases have heretofore been encountered even when using relatively stable foams.
- the foam growth inhibitor rejects the further inclusion of air into the system even when subjected to agitation as during conventional printing processes.
- By adding the foam inhibitor subsequent to foaming it is believed that effective growth control is achieved in that the inhibitor coats the entire expanded bubble surface. The thus coated bubble is fixed and inhibited against further growth.
- Introduction of a foam growth inhibitor into the initial formulation has been found to be of only limited effectiveness. It is believed that this ineffectiveness is due to the inhibitor becoming a part of the formulation rather than functioning on the bubble skin as when practicing the method of this invention.
- foam growth inhibitors are Cg to C '8 aliphatic alcohols such as pine oil and Neodol-25@, a detergent alcohol manufactured by the Shell Oil Company.
- a fabric coloring agent is mixed with a foaming agent in a suitable quantity of liquid medium to form a foamable composition.
- Inert gas such as air, is then beat or whipped into the composition to a blow ratio of from about 2:1 to 10:1 and a foam density in the range of from about 20.1 gm/cc to about 0.5 gm/cc.
- the foam growth inhibitor is added thereto with gentle mixing; e.g., by folding the inhibitor into the foamed composition once the composition has achieved a predetermined blow ratio.
- the so-treated foamed composition is then printed onto the fabric. More specifically, the foamed composition containing the foam growth inhibitor is, for example, applied to the engravings of an intaglio printing cylinder which is then contacted with the fabric or, alternatively, admitted to a rotary screen printer which is then rotated so as to force the foamed composition through the stencil-like apertures of the surrounding printing cylinder in contact with a fabric.
- the printed fabric is then subjected to drying and curing or fixation steps.
- the foamable composition of the present invention to which a foam growth inhibitor is added after foaming may be prepared by mixing from about 0.001 to 50 weight percent, and preferably from about 0.01 to 25 weight percent, of one or-more coloring agents with from about up to 10 ⁇ 15 weight percent, with a liquid medium, such as, water, or an organic solvent. Generally, the remainder of the mixture is the liquid medium, although other additives conventional in the art may be utilized.
- coloring agent includes dyestuffs, pigments, and other materials which are conventionalfy used to impart color to textile fabrics.
- dyestuffs e.g., dispersed dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, acid dyes, pigments, and blends thereof.
- additives e.g., dye carriers, solvents, thickeners; softeners, urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and other dyeing auxiliaries and combinations of these materials may be used.
- the foamable fabric finishing composition is capable of being whipped into a foam having a blow ratio in the range from about 2:1 to 10:1, or higher.
- the blow ratio is determined by measuring the weight of a given volume of the foam compared to the weight of the same volume of the composition prior to foaming.
- the foam density range is generally from about 0.1 gm/cc to 0.5 gm/cc.
- a foam growth inhibitor is added in order to minimize, and ideally, eliminate, volumetric increases in the foamed composition. Absent such an inhibitor, volume increases which might occur during the time when the foam is formed until such time as it is applied to a fabric and ultimately voluntarily collapsed, result in a decreased concentration of the coloring agent per volume of foam applied. Such a result is, of course, undesirable and, even if it is recognized, renders control of the desired concentration of coloring agent to be applied virtually impossible. Moreover, the causes of volumetric increases in the foamed composition may themselves be variable. The resultant variations in coloring agent concentration cause a non-uniform application of the coloring agent to the fabric and is particularly acute in that such concentration variations are visibly displayed in the form of streaks, shading, etc.
- the foam growth inhibitor is added in an amount sufficient to substantially maintain the volume of the foamed composition at its original level, i.e., to prevent further increases in the foam volume. Typically, this amount is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 10-15 percent and preferably about 2.0 percent.
- the foam growth inhibitor is added to the foamed composition by a gentle mixing action such as at a slow speed in, for example, a kitchen type mixer.
- the foam stabilizing material is, as mentioned, preferably selected from the following chemical groups: aliphatic, alicyclic, and mixed aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols and hydrocarbons having C 5 ⁇ C 50 carbon atoms; amides and bis amides derived from C 1 to C 20 carboxylic acids; alkyl, aryl, and other organo substituted polysiloxane fluids and/or emulsions; organic esters of phosphoric and phosphonic acids; fluids, powders, and/or dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and other organo substituted polyfluoroethylene compounds, and in general, any other material which has antifoaming tendencies which when added to the foam causes a resultant improvement of stability toward rotary screen and intaglio cylinder printing.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- any other material which has antifoaming tendencies which when added to the foam causes a resultant improvement of stability toward rotary screen and inta
- a foamable composition was prepared by mixing 954 grams of water, 15 grams of Valthick 70 (a polyacrylic acid dispersion), 120 grams of UMRC-572-54 (ammonium stearate dispersion), 60 grams of Unifoam Blue-2814 (a foamable pigment) and 60 grams of Valbond 6063 (an acrylic polymer dispersion for foam finishing sold by the Valchem Division of United Merchants).
- Valthick 70 a polyacrylic acid dispersion
- UMRC-572-54 ammonium stearate dispersion
- Unifoam Blue-2814 a foamable pigment
- Valbond 6063 an acrylic polymer dispersion for foam finishing sold by the Valchem Division of United Merchants
- Neodol-25@ and pine oil were added, with gentle mixing, 5 gram quantities of Neodol-25@ and pine oil. Each mixture was then frothed for one minute (at No. 10 speed) and then refined for three minutes at a slower speed (No. 1). The samples were then checked for blow ratio and compared to the original quantity to determine a percent charge. A control foam containing no foam growth inhibiting additive was also subjected to the same post-foaming tests.
- Example 1 To foamable compositions of Example 1 were added varying quantities of Neodol-25. The compositions were then foamed to a 4.0:1 blow ratio and were then refoamed in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 and the percent change in blow ratio calculated. The results are given in Table 11 :
- Example 2 Various samples were prepared and checked for foam stability as in Example 1 with the blow ratio being plotted against time in seconds.
- the upper curve represents a control curve for a composition which contains no foam growth inhibitor.
- the next curve represents a sample into which 1 % Neodol-25@ was added prior to foaming.
- the blow ratios attained are somewhat lower than that of the control sample, the overall curve, however being of a similar shape.
- the next lower curve represents a sample into which 4% Neodol-25@ was added, again prior to foaming.
- the blow ratio, as expected, is lower although again ascending with time.
- the remaining curve represents the addition of a foam inhibitor after foaming in accordance with the present invention.
- a 4% amount of Neodol-25® was added to the sample approximately 50 (fifty) seconds after foaming.
- a relatively constant blow ratio of approximately 4.5:1 was maintained for the measuring duration of 240 seconds. This is contrasted with the ascending blow ratio displayed by the sample having an identical amount of Neodol-25@ foam growth inhibitor added prior to foaming.
- a foamable composition was prepared by mixing the following components: 5440 grams of water, 160 grams of Valthick 70, 800 grams of UMRC 572-54, 800 grams of Questral Blue 3GN (a phthalocyanine pigment) and 800 grams of Valbond 6063. This composition was mechanically frothed to a 4.24 blow ratio (density ⁇ 0.235 gm/cc).
- Example 1 The foamable composition of Example 1 was prepared and mechanically frothed to a blow ratio of 3.04 (density 0.33 gm/cc). The 100 grams of this foam was added, with gentle mixing, 5 grams of Varsol (a hydrocarbon solvent). This mixture was then frothed for one minute at no. 10 speed and then refined for three minutes at a slower speed. The sample was checked for blow ratio as in Example 1 and the results found as follows:
- a foamable composition was prepared by mixing 588 grams of water, 14 grams of Valthick 70@, 21 grams of Ammonium Stearate, 7 grams of Valmel 45@ (Melamine resin), 35 grams of Questral Blue 2GN@ (Phthalocyanine pigment) and 35 grams Valbond 6063@.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to the treatment of fabrics and, more particularly, to the treatment of fabrics with finishing agents such as coloring agents, wherein such agent is applied to the fabric in the form of a foamed composition.
- In the commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Serial No. 584,389, now U.S. Patent No. 4118526, there is described a process and composition for the treatment of fabrics wherein a fabric finishing agent, such as a coloring material, soil release agent, durable press agent, fire retardant agent, and the like is applied to a fabric in the form of a stable foamed composition containing the finishing agent. According to the invention of application Serial No. 584,389, a composition comprised of a fabric finishing agent and a foam stabilizer is foamed with a suitable inert gas to a blow ratio, i.e., the ratio of the weight of a given volume of the unfoamed composition to that of the same volume of foamed composition, of from about 2:1 to about 20:1 to result in a highly stable foamed composition, containing the fabric finishing agent, having a foam density in the range of from about 0.5 gm/cc to about 0.05 gm/cc. The foamed composition is then applied to a fabric and eventually collapsed and forced into the fabric by the application of a mechanical force.
- The process and compositions of application Serial No. 584,389 represent a significant advance in the art of treating fabrics with various finishing agents since the amount of liquid medium utilized is significantly reduced as compared to conventional processing, and thereby, among other advantages, reducing costly liquid removal processes and processing difficulties associated with the large liquid absorption capacity of many fabrics.
- The present invention is particularly directed to the application of a color containing foam composition and is designed to accurately maintain the blow ratio and minimize the amount of increase in the volume of the foamed composition containing the coloring agent during application to the fabric. For example, agitation of the foamed composition during application on the fabric, e.g., in a rotary printing screen, can incorporate additional air into the foamed composition and thereby decrease its density. The attendant decrease in foam density may cause a non-uniform application of the coloring agent on the fabric, and, in general, makes overall control of the desired concentration of coloring agent to be applied to the fabric difficult.
- The foregoing difficulty is encountered in processes for printing fabrics with a foamed printing composition by means of engraved printing rollers or rotary screen printers. In these cases, and particularly in the case of rotary screen printers, the foamed composition is subjected to significant agitation in the presence of air and is therefore susceptible to volume increases during application to a fabric. Moreover, the resultant non-uniform printing (e.g., streaks, shading) is, of course, most noticeable in such case and is highly undesirable from an aesthetic viewpoint.
- U.S. Patent No. 2,971,458 to Kumins, et al., describes a textile printing process utilizing a foamed printing composition which is applied to the engravings of a printing cylinder. To avoid the tendency for the air content of the foam to increase due to repeated transfer, Kumins, et al. provide a specially designed device to prevent additional air from contacting the foamed printing composition in the vicinity of its contact with the printing cylinder.
- It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a process for printing fabrics with a foamed composition containing a fabric coloring agent, which foamed composition is stabilized against volumetric increases during processing.
- A more specific object of this invention is to provide a fabric printing process wherein a foamed printing composition, stabilized against volumetric increases during its application to printing means and its subsequent transfer to the fabric, is utilized.
- In accordance with the present invention, these and other objects are achieved by the provision of a process for applying a fabric coloring agent to a fabric wherein a foamable fabric coloring composition is formed of a fabric coloring agent and a foaming agent in a liquid medium. The composition is preferably foamed to a blow ratio of up to about 10:1 and most preferably in the range of from about 2:1 to about 10:1 by incorporating an inert gas therein to provide a foamed fabric printing composition having a foam density in the range of from about 0.1 gm/cc to about 0.75 gm/cc. During the foaming step, a foam growth inhibitor is introduced into the foamed composition at a predetermined blow ratio in order to restrict further foaming thereof. Preferably, the foam growth inhibiting material is selected from the following chemical groups: aliphatic, alicyclic, and mixed aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols and hydrocarbons having Cs-Cso carbon atoms; amides and bis amides derived from C1 to C20 carboxylic acids; alkyl, aryl, and other organo substituted polysiloxane fluids and/or emulsions; organic esters of phosphoric and phosphonic acids; fluids, powders, and/or dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and other organo substituted polyfluoroethylene compounds, and in general, any other material which has anti-foaming tendencies which when added to the foam causes a resultant improvement of stability toward rotary screen and intaglio cylinder printing.
- According to this invention, the foam growth inhibitor is introduced into the foamed composition once the desired blow ratio is achieved. It is also preferred that the amount of foam growth inhibitor so introduced be up to about 10 to 15 percent by weight of the total composition; however, in any event it should not be of a quantity sufficient to destroy the foam.
- The foregoing process is particularly applicable to the printing of textile fabrics. In this process, the foamed printing composition, to which has been added a foam growth inhibitor, is either applied to the engravings of a printing cylinder or admitted to the inside of a rotary screen printer.
- By the process of this invention, volumetric increases of the foam are avoided during the printing process. Such increases have heretofore been encountered even when using relatively stable foams. By the addition of a foam growth inhibitor in accordance with the procedure of the present invention, the foam growth inhibitor rejects the further inclusion of air into the system even when subjected to agitation as during conventional printing processes. By adding the foam inhibitor subsequent to foaming, it is believed that effective growth control is achieved in that the inhibitor coats the entire expanded bubble surface. The thus coated bubble is fixed and inhibited against further growth. Introduction of a foam growth inhibitor into the initial formulation has been found to be of only limited effectiveness. It is believed that this ineffectiveness is due to the inhibitor becoming a part of the formulation rather than functioning on the bubble skin as when practicing the method of this invention.
- Preferred among the foam growth inhibitors are Cg to C'8 aliphatic alcohols such as pine oil and Neodol-25@, a detergent alcohol manufactured by the Shell Oil Company.
- In accordance with the present invention, a fabric coloring agent is mixed with a foaming agent in a suitable quantity of liquid medium to form a foamable composition. Inert gas, such as air, is then beat or whipped into the composition to a blow ratio of from about 2:1 to 10:1 and a foam density in the range of from about 20.1 gm/cc to about 0.5 gm/cc. Certain of such foaming agents are disclosed in application Serial No. 584,389.
- After formation of a suitable foamed composition and achievement of the desired blow ratio, the foam growth inhibitor is added thereto with gentle mixing; e.g., by folding the inhibitor into the foamed composition once the composition has achieved a predetermined blow ratio. The so-treated foamed composition is then printed onto the fabric. More specifically, the foamed composition containing the foam growth inhibitor is, for example, applied to the engravings of an intaglio printing cylinder which is then contacted with the fabric or, alternatively, admitted to a rotary screen printer which is then rotated so as to force the foamed composition through the stencil-like apertures of the surrounding printing cylinder in contact with a fabric. The printed fabric is then subjected to drying and curing or fixation steps.
- Plotted is graph illustrating the blow ratio vs. time for various compositions, the different curves illustrating the effect of the time of introduction upon blow ratio.
- In the description that follows, all weight percents are based on the total weight of the composition. For printing purposes, the foamable composition of the present invention to which a foam growth inhibitor is added after foaming, may be prepared by mixing from about 0.001 to 50 weight percent, and preferably from about 0.01 to 25 weight percent, of one or-more coloring agents with from about up to 10―15 weight percent, with a liquid medium, such as, water, or an organic solvent. Generally, the remainder of the mixture is the liquid medium, although other additives conventional in the art may be utilized.
- As used herein the term "coloring agent" includes dyestuffs, pigments, and other materials which are conventionalfy used to impart color to textile fabrics. Typically, all classes of dyestuffs may be used, e.g., dispersed dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, acid dyes, pigments, and blends thereof.
- When the particular finishing operation is a dyeing procedure, additives, e.g., dye carriers, solvents, thickeners; softeners, urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and other dyeing auxiliaries and combinations of these materials may be used.
- Generally, the foamable fabric finishing composition is capable of being whipped into a foam having a blow ratio in the range from about 2:1 to 10:1, or higher. The blow ratio is determined by measuring the weight of a given volume of the foam compared to the weight of the same volume of the composition prior to foaming. The foam density range is generally from about 0.1 gm/cc to 0.5 gm/cc.
- As earlier indicated, once the fabric coloring agent-containing composition has been foamed to the desired degree, at that point a foam growth inhibitor is added in order to minimize, and ideally, eliminate, volumetric increases in the foamed composition. Absent such an inhibitor, volume increases which might occur during the time when the foam is formed until such time as it is applied to a fabric and ultimately voluntarily collapsed, result in a decreased concentration of the coloring agent per volume of foam applied. Such a result is, of course, undesirable and, even if it is recognized, renders control of the desired concentration of coloring agent to be applied virtually impossible. Moreover, the causes of volumetric increases in the foamed composition may themselves be variable. The resultant variations in coloring agent concentration cause a non-uniform application of the coloring agent to the fabric and is particularly acute in that such concentration variations are visibly displayed in the form of streaks, shading, etc.
- The foam growth inhibitor is added in an amount sufficient to substantially maintain the volume of the foamed composition at its original level, i.e., to prevent further increases in the foam volume. Typically, this amount is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 10-15 percent and preferably about 2.0 percent.
- The foam growth inhibitor is added to the foamed composition by a gentle mixing action such as at a slow speed in, for example, a kitchen type mixer.
- The foam stabilizing material is, as mentioned, preferably selected from the following chemical groups: aliphatic, alicyclic, and mixed aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols and hydrocarbons having C5―C50 carbon atoms; amides and bis amides derived from C1 to C20 carboxylic acids; alkyl, aryl, and other organo substituted polysiloxane fluids and/or emulsions; organic esters of phosphoric and phosphonic acids; fluids, powders, and/or dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and other organo substituted polyfluoroethylene compounds, and in general, any other material which has antifoaming tendencies which when added to the foam causes a resultant improvement of stability toward rotary screen and intaglio cylinder printing. Preferred among these materials is a detergent alcohol sold under the trade-name of Neodol-25®.
- Further details regarding the process of the present invention will be described with reference to the following illustrative examples.
- A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 954 grams of water, 15 grams of Valthick 70 (a polyacrylic acid dispersion), 120 grams of UMRC-572-54 (ammonium stearate dispersion), 60 grams of Unifoam Blue-2814 (a foamable pigment) and 60 grams of Valbond 6063 (an acrylic polymer dispersion for foam finishing sold by the Valchem Division of United Merchants). This composition was mechanically frothed with a Kitchenaid mixer to a blow ratio of 3.04, the density of the mixture being 0.33 gm/cc.
- To 100 gram quantities of this foam were added, with gentle mixing, 5 gram quantities of Neodol-25@ and pine oil. Each mixture was then frothed for one minute (at No. 10 speed) and then refined for three minutes at a slower speed (No. 1). The samples were then checked for blow ratio and compared to the original quantity to determine a percent charge. A control foam containing no foam growth inhibiting additive was also subjected to the same post-foaming tests.
-
-
- With reference to the data depicted in the drawings, the advantages of the present invention are described. Various samples were prepared and checked for foam stability as in Example 1 with the blow ratio being plotted against time in seconds. The upper curve represents a control curve for a composition which contains no foam growth inhibitor. The next curve represents a sample into which 1 % Neodol-25@ was added prior to foaming. As expected, the blow ratios attained are somewhat lower than that of the control sample, the overall curve, however being of a similar shape. The next lower curve represents a sample into which 4% Neodol-25@ was added, again prior to foaming. The blow ratio, as expected, is lower although again ascending with time.
- The remaining curve represents the addition of a foam inhibitor after foaming in accordance with the present invention. There, a 4% amount of Neodol-25® was added to the sample approximately 50 (fifty) seconds after foaming. After a short period of instability, a relatively constant blow ratio of approximately 4.5:1 was maintained for the measuring duration of 240 seconds. This is contrasted with the ascending blow ratio displayed by the sample having an identical amount of Neodol-25@ foam growth inhibitor added prior to foaming.
- A foamable composition was prepared by mixing the following components: 5440 grams of water, 160 grams of Valthick 70, 800 grams of UMRC 572-54, 800 grams of Questral Blue 3GN (a phthalocyanine pigment) and 800 grams of Valbond 6063. This composition was mechanically frothed to a 4.24 blow ratio (density ― 0.235 gm/cc).
- To a 289.5 gram portion of this foam was added 1.5 grams of Dow Corning Antifoam B@ (an emulsion of dimethyl-poly-siloxane). Also 1.5 grams of Nopco DF-160@ (a dispersion of ethylene bis stearamide made by Diamond Shamrock Corp.) was added to 298.5 g. of the foam. After gentle mixing each mixture was mechanically frothed for 100 seconds at the #10 speed and then refined as in Example 1. The blow ratio was then checked and found as follows:
- The foamable composition of Example 1 was prepared and mechanically frothed to a blow ratio of 3.04 (density 0.33 gm/cc). The 100 grams of this foam was added, with gentle mixing, 5 grams of Varsol (a hydrocarbon solvent). This mixture was then frothed for one minute at no. 10 speed and then refined for three minutes at a slower speed. The sample was checked for blow ratio as in Example 1 and the results found as follows:
- A foamable composition was prepared by mixing 588 grams of water, 14 grams of Valthick 70@, 21 grams of Ammonium Stearate, 7 grams of Valmel 45@ (Melamine resin), 35 grams of Questral Blue 2GN@ (Phthalocyanine pigment) and 35 grams Valbond 6063@.
- 300 grams of this material was mechanically frothed to a 3:10:1 blow ratio (.32 gm/cc). 5 grams of Santicizer 141@ (a phosphate ester-Monsanto) was added by a gentle mixing action, the mixture was frothed for one minute as in Example 1 at #10 speed and then refined for 15 minutes at #1 speed. Also a control with no additive was run in an identical manner. As in Example 1, a percent change of blow ratio was calculated and the results are listed below.
- It may thus readily be seen that utilization of the method of the present invention produces a relatively stable foam which maintains a relatively constant predetermined blow ratio. Further, the foam composition formed in accordance with this invention is stabilized against volumetric increase during application and is thus particularly well suited for uniform printing or application of dyestuffs to fabrics.
- Although the above description is directed to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is noted that other variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art and, therefore, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US943828 | 1978-09-19 | ||
US05/943,828 US4270915A (en) | 1978-09-19 | 1978-09-19 | Fabric printing process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0009241A1 EP0009241A1 (en) | 1980-04-02 |
EP0009241B1 true EP0009241B1 (en) | 1982-05-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79103531A Expired EP0009241B1 (en) | 1978-09-19 | 1979-09-19 | Preparation of a foam composition suitable for printing on a fabric |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4270915A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0009241B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55500756A (en) |
AR (1) | AR222837A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU525448B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7905991A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1125622A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2048317B (en) |
SE (1) | SE431569B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980000579A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5711281A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-01-20 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Dyeing and finishing of fabric fiber material |
EP0058139B1 (en) * | 1981-02-11 | 1985-08-28 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Process for dyeing or finishing fibrous textile materials |
DE3309527A1 (en) * | 1983-03-17 | 1984-09-20 | Indupa AG, Zug | METHOD FOR PRINTING AND COLORING GOODS CONTAINING FIBER MATERIAL |
US8076113B2 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2011-12-13 | Danisco Us Inc. | Method for producing granules with reduced dust potential comprising an antifoam agent |
CN110559694A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-13 | 安徽銮威化工科技开发有限公司 | Bacteriostatic defoaming agent for dyeing liquor and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE433440A (en) * | 1938-03-25 | |||
US2971458A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1961-02-14 | Interchem Corp | Process of coloring textile materials |
US3762860A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1973-10-02 | Dexter Chemical Corp | Foam dyeing process |
US3739795A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1973-06-19 | Nalco Chemical Co | Method and apparatus for detecting and controlling foamability of a liquid system |
US3990840A (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1976-11-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for the dyeing and/or finishing of textile plane articles |
US3969780A (en) * | 1972-05-04 | 1976-07-20 | Henderson James M | Continuous carpet dyeing process |
US3954404A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1976-05-04 | Rca Corporation | Diphenyl continuous foam dyeing with fabric running over rolls in foam bath |
DE2233941C3 (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1978-03-02 | Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Use of perfluoroalkylphosphorus compounds as foam suppressants |
ZA745027B (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1975-08-27 | Hoechst Ag | Process for obtaining irregular shadow dyeings on polyester fibres and mixtures thereof |
CS176588B1 (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1977-06-30 | Jiri Zelezny | Printing paste, method of its preparation and device for execution of this method |
US4118526A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1978-10-03 | United Merchants And Manufacturers, Inc. | Method for treating fabrics |
BE853697A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1977-08-16 | United Merchants & Mfg | FABRIC TREATMENT PROCESS |
JPS525383A (en) * | 1975-06-24 | 1977-01-17 | Toyo Boseki | Printing method |
DE2610677A1 (en) * | 1976-03-13 | 1977-09-15 | Bayer Ag | PRINT PASTE |
US4099913A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1978-07-11 | Union Carbide Corporation | Foams for treating fabrics |
FR2409095A1 (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1979-06-15 | Peintures Ind Ass | Printing porous support with labile foam compsn. - comprising aq. suspension or emulsion of particles, esp. pigments, binder and air |
GB1539467A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1979-01-31 | Tennants Textile Colours Ltd | Print carrier |
-
1978
- 1978-09-19 US US05/943,828 patent/US4270915A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1979
- 1979-09-18 WO PCT/US1979/000758 patent/WO1980000579A1/en unknown
- 1979-09-18 GB GB8015023A patent/GB2048317B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-18 CA CA335,905A patent/CA1125622A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-18 JP JP50159679A patent/JPS55500756A/ja active Pending
- 1979-09-19 AU AU50972/79A patent/AU525448B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-09-19 EP EP79103531A patent/EP0009241B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-19 AR AR278119A patent/AR222837A1/en active
- 1979-09-19 BR BR7905991A patent/BR7905991A/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-05-19 SE SE8003725A patent/SE431569B/en unknown
Also Published As
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WO1980000579A1 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
SE431569B (en) | 1984-02-13 |
AR222837A1 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
AU525448B2 (en) | 1982-11-04 |
CA1125622A (en) | 1982-06-15 |
SE8003725L (en) | 1980-05-19 |
GB2048317A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
EP0009241A1 (en) | 1980-04-02 |
GB2048317B (en) | 1983-01-12 |
BR7905991A (en) | 1980-07-29 |
AU5097279A (en) | 1980-03-27 |
JPS55500756A (en) | 1980-10-09 |
US4270915A (en) | 1981-06-02 |
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