EP0009081B1 - Process and apparatus for the manufacture of tanned hides and skins - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the manufacture of tanned hides and skins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009081B1
EP0009081B1 EP79102366A EP79102366A EP0009081B1 EP 0009081 B1 EP0009081 B1 EP 0009081B1 EP 79102366 A EP79102366 A EP 79102366A EP 79102366 A EP79102366 A EP 79102366A EP 0009081 B1 EP0009081 B1 EP 0009081B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hide
skin
shooting
piston
liquids
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EP79102366A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0009081A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Schindlmayr
Horst Zäpfel
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BMD Badische Maschinenfabrik Durlach GmbH
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BMD Badische Maschinenfabrik Durlach GmbH
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Priority to MX17855979A priority Critical patent/MX150565A/en
Publication of EP0009081A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009081A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C15/00—Apparatus for chemical treatment or washing of hides, skins, or leather

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing tanned hides and skins with the following process steps, known as wet processes: soaking (soak, tremper, rinverdire, remojar) of the skin, liming (lime, pelaner, calcinare, encalar) in a strongly alkaline solution, Descaling (delime, dechauler, decalcinare, desencalar) (neutralizing) in acidic solution, pickling (bate, confiter, purgare, rendir), e.g. B.
  • a tanner's wet process takes place in barrel-like containers with multiple circulation and with different exposure times.
  • mechanical machining processes e.g. B. the fleshing, splitting of the leather, etc., which take place on machines. The individual processes are discussed in more detail below:
  • the fresh skins are preserved with salt and reach the tannery in this state.
  • the salt preservation removes tissue water from the skin, which is fed back in the first process in the tannery, the soaking. This happens in very long fleets (float, bain, bagno, bano) of 200 -400%, d. H. 2 to 4 times the weight of the skin is required in water. After softening, the skin has approximately the original water content.
  • the back of the skin is mechanically cleaned of meat residues and subcutaneous connective tissue and then split (split, refendre, spaccare, dividir), d. H. brought to uniform thickness.
  • the skin is then in the form of the nakedness (pelt, With entripe, trippa, piel en tripa).
  • the subsequent process steps for liquors between 30 and 200% take place in the following phases: During descaling, the alkaline skin is neutralized by adding acids and acid salts. The resulting neutral salts are washed out. During the subsequent pickling process, proteolytic enzymes are added to the skin, which further change and break down the protein substance of the skin. Finally, the skin in the pimple is treated with acid and salt and made acidic, which is a prerequisite for chrome tanning.
  • chromium III salts are used, which make the skin, which is perishable by nature, permanently durable, i.e. prevent the formation of bacteria, prevent decay processes, etc.
  • chrome tanning problematic waste water is produced, which is mainly contaminated with chromium III.
  • the chrome tanning is followed by retanning, which gives the skin the final and desired appearance with the help of individual recipes.
  • the skin is greased in succession at a liquor length of 50 to 300% and colored if necessary.
  • greasing the leather is given the necessary suppleness and flexibility.
  • the wastewater that accumulates here is also to a large extent mixed with organic and inorganic substances.
  • the wet processes in the tannery are technically unsatisfactory for several reasons.
  • the skin has to go through several process stages, some of which are carried out in batches with up to 20 tons of skin weight (wet processes), some of which are carried out individually (mechanical process stages).
  • This requires multiple dissolving of the batches, separation and orientation (alignment according to head and shield) of the skins, and is therefore time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • Large skins can have an area of up to 6 m 2 and weigh up to 100 kg depending on the water content. Since the transport has to be carried out by hand in large areas of the tannery, a correspondingly large number of workers are required. Due to the aggressive chemicals and the organic substances derived from the skin, it is hardly possible to create hygienic working conditions for the staff.
  • the invention has for its object to make a proposal for the wet processes, which brings a reduction in the workforce and an improvement in working conditions.
  • This object is achieved in that the solutions and liquids of one or more of the aforementioned process steps, besides fats, are introduced into the skin by vaccination.
  • the vaccination is preferably carried out at a high pressure of, for example, 50 to over 100 bar.
  • the liquors and the rotating containers are no longer necessary. It is only necessary to inoculate the effectively necessary amount of solutions and liquids into the skin so that considerable costs for the use of operating materials can be saved. Also, the workers are hardly exposed to occupational hygiene risks. Since the vaccination of the skin can be carried out on continuously operating transport devices, manipulation and transport by hand are not necessary. Both water consumption and wastewater tax are significantly reduced. Since the effectiveness of the processes is no longer dependent on the natural penetration of the liquids into the skin, other chemicals can also be used with the aim of improved economy and more favorable usage properties. Finally, the method according to the invention opens up the possibility of treating the skin differently over its width. This is important because the skin in the back area is known to have a completely different structure than in the neck and stomach parts. Because the skin does not have to be churned by circulation processes, the natural fiber structure is preserved and damage to the skin is avoided.
  • the vaccination is carried out from the meat side of the skin.
  • the hair is attacked from the roots and loosened and chemically separated from the skin in this way and can be used for technical (brush and felt production) or agricultural purposes (long-term fertilizer).
  • the protein load in the wastewater that was previously caused by the complete chemical dissolution of the hair; not applicable.
  • the device essentially consists of a base 1 and a nozzle device 2 which is attached to a portal-like carrier 3 spanning the base.
  • the base 1 is designed as an endlessly rotating, step-by-step conveyor belt, while the carrier 3 is arranged in a stationary manner.
  • the base 1 can be designed as a stationary table and the carrier 3 as a carriage.
  • the pad 1 can consist of felt, rubber or another weakly resilient material and at least in the area of the nozzle device 2 via a rigid counter-holder, e.g. B. a disk run.
  • the nozzle device has a plurality of piston shooting devices 4 which are arranged in two parallel rows which are offset from one another.
  • the piston shooting devices 4 are pressurized via lines 5, while the shooting cylinders of the piston shooting devices are fed the solutions or liquids to be inoculated from a storage container 6 via lines not shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows a piston shooting device 4 in more detail. It consists of a housing 7 with a pressure cylinder 8, in which a piston 9 is guided. This is intermittently acted upon by pressure medium on its end face 10 (line 5 in FIG. 1). The piston 9 is extended on its opposite end to a shooting piston 11 which runs in the shooting cylinder 12. This in turn narrows to form a nozzle 13, which opens out into a convex nozzle head 14. A channel 15, which is connected to the reservoir 6 (FIG. 1), opens laterally into the channel formed by the nozzle 13. The resetting of the piston 11 and the piston 9 can be done by a spring.
  • the skins 16 with the hair or scar side are placed on the base 1 (FIG. 1) and moved step by step under the nozzle device 2.
  • the stride length depends on the number of rows of the piston shooting devices which are arranged on the carrier 3.
  • the nozzle device 2 is lowered onto the meat side.
  • the convex nozzle heads 14 are pressed onto the skin. There is a shot through all the nozzles.
  • the nozzle device 2 is raised again, the skin is moved one step further, so that a new shooting cycle can begin.
  • the support 1 can also be vertically movable in the area below the carrier 3, for example by raising and lowering the abutment mentioned above.
  • the device has a stand frame 20, to which the base, designated as a whole by 1, is attached.
  • the carrier 3 accommodating the piston shooting devices 4 also spans the base 1 over its entire width (see FIG. 4).
  • the pad 1 has as an essential part! a step conveyor 21 with a plate 22, on the swing 23 engage articulated, which in turn are mounted on the stand frame 20.
  • the rockers are provided at least in pairs, one pair being provided with a hydraulic or pneumatic drive 24 which moves the rockers (23) from the extended, inclined position to the vertical position shown in dashed lines, thereby lifting the plate 22 and advancing it in direction 25 .
  • the drive returns, the plate lowers while moving backwards.
  • the skin 16 is gradually moved forward, similar to a sewing machine.
  • the plate 22 In front of the plate 22 there is a stationary inlet table 26 and in front of it a support roller 27 for the skin 16.
  • the plate 22 is provided with a recess 28, below which a counter-holder 29 is arranged for each piston-shooting device 4.
  • the counter-holder is formed by a pivot lever which is mounted at 30 on the stand frame 20 and has a support surface 31 for the skin 16 at its free end.
  • a hydraulic or pneumatic drive 32 acts on this end, which lifts the counter-holder 29 through the recess 28 of the plate 22 and lowers it again.
  • the drives of the piston shooting device 4, the plate 22 and the counter-holder 29 are linked to one another in terms of control technology in such a way that, after an injection shot, the counter-holder 29 is first lowered from the position shown in FIG. 3 into the position shown in dashed lines, then the rockers 23 into the dashed position can be pivoted, the skin 16 being moved forward by one step and a strip which has not yet been treated coming under the piston shooting devices 4. Then the counterholders 29 go up again and press the skin against the nozzles. At the same time, the plate 22 goes back again, the skin 16 not being taken along, since it is clamped and the plate 22 also moves downward. During this process, a shot is fired through all of the nozzles. Since, depending on the position of the skin, some nozzles lie outside the same, a collecting trough (not shown) can be arranged below the recess 28.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung gegerbter Häute und Felle mit folgenden, als Naßprozesse bezeichneten Verfahrensstufen: Weichen (soak, tremper, rinverdire, remojar) der Haut, Äschern (lime, pelaner, calcinare, encalar) in stark alkalischer Lösung, Entkalken (delime, dechauler, decalcinare, desencalar) (Neutralisieren) in saurer Lösung, Beizen (bate, confiter, purgare, rendir), z. B. mittels proteolythischer Enzyme, Pickeln (pickle, pickler, piclare, piquelar) mittels Säuren und Salzen, Gerben (tan, tanner, conciare, curtir) z. B. mittels Chrom-III-Salzen, Nachgerben (retan, retanner, riconciare, recurtir), Fetten der Haut und gegebenenfalls Färben.The invention relates to a method and a device for producing tanned hides and skins with the following process steps, known as wet processes: soaking (soak, tremper, rinverdire, remojar) of the skin, liming (lime, pelaner, calcinare, encalar) in a strongly alkaline solution, Descaling (delime, dechauler, decalcinare, desencalar) (neutralizing) in acidic solution, pickling (bate, confiter, purgare, rendir), e.g. B. using proteolytic enzymes, pimples (pickle, pickler, piclare, piquelar) using acids and salts, tanning (tan, tanner, conciare, curtir) z. B. by means of chromium III salts, retanning (retan, retanner, riconciare, recurtir), greases of the skin and optionally coloring.

Naßprozeß eines Gerbereibetriebs laufen in faßartigen Behältern unter vielfacher Umwälzung und bei unterschiedlich langer Einwirkungszeit ab. Neben diesen Naßprozessen finden noch mechanische Bearbeitungsvorgänge, z. B. das Entfleischen, das Spalten des Leders etc. statt, die auf Maschinen durchgeführt werden. Nachfolgend wird auf die einzelnen Prozesse näher eingegangen:A tanner's wet process takes place in barrel-like containers with multiple circulation and with different exposure times. In addition to these wet processes, mechanical machining processes, e.g. B. the fleshing, splitting of the leather, etc., which take place on machines. The individual processes are discussed in more detail below:

Die frischen Häute werden mit Salz konserviert und gelangen in diesem Zustand in die Gerberei. Durch die Salzkonservierung wird der Haut Gewebewasser entzogen, das bei dem ersten Prozeß in der Gerberei, dem Weichen, wieder zugeführt wird. Dies geschieht in sehr langen Flotten (float, bain, bagno, bano) von 200 -400%, d. h. es wird an Wasser das 2- bis 4fache des Hautgewichtes benötigt. Nach dem Weichen hat die Haut etwa den ursprünglichen Wassergehalt.The fresh skins are preserved with salt and reach the tannery in this state. The salt preservation removes tissue water from the skin, which is fed back in the first process in the tannery, the soaking. This happens in very long fleets (float, bain, bagno, bano) of 200 -400%, d. H. 2 to 4 times the weight of the skin is required in water. After softening, the skin has approximately the original water content.

Beim nachfolgenden Äschern wird in Flotten von ca. 150-300% eine stark alkalische Behandlung bis ph 14 durchgeführt, wobei die Flotte in der Regel Sulfidionen enthält. Beim Äschern werden die Haare chemisch aufgelöst (versulzt) und natürliche Fette der Haut verseift. Weiterhin wird die Eiweißsubstanz der Haut angegriffen, in ihrem Aufbau umgewandelt und die Haut für die Lederherstellung vorbereitet (aufgelockert, aufgeschlossen). Während das Abwasser beim Weichen relativ harmlos und nur in geringem Umfang mit organischen Stoffen belastet ist, enthält das Abwasser aus dem Äscher außer den Sulfiden vor allem verseiftes Fett und aufgelöste Haare und führt zu einer erheblichen chemischen und biologischen Belastung des Abwassers.In the subsequent liming, a strongly alkaline treatment up to pH 14 is carried out in liquors of approx. 150-300%, the liquor generally containing sulfide ions. During the liming, the hair is chemically dissolved (stained) and natural fats on the skin are saponified. Furthermore, the protein substance of the skin is attacked, its structure is changed and the skin is prepared for leather production (loosened up, opened up). While the wastewater is relatively harmless and only slightly contaminated with organic matter, the wastewater from the liming contains above all the saponified fat and dissolved hair and leads to a considerable chemical and biological pollution of the wastewater.

Nach dem Äschern wird die Rückseite der Haut von Fleischresten und Unterhaut-Bindegewebe mechanisch gesäubert und anschließend gespalten (split, refendre, spaccare, dividir), d. h. auf einheitliche Dicke gebracht. Die Haut liegt dann in Form der Blöße (pelt, peau entripe, trippa, piel en tripa) vor. Die anschließenden Verfahrensstufen geschehen bei Flotten zwischen 30 und 200% in folgenden Phasen: Beim Entkälken wird die alkalische Haut durch Zugabe von Säuren und sauren Salzen neutralisiert. Die entstehenden Neutralsalze werden ausgewaschen. Beim anschließenden Beizen werden der Haut proteolythische Enzyme zugeführt, welche die Eiweißsubstanz der Haut weiter verändern und abbauen. Schließlich wird die Haut im Pickel mit Säure und Salz behandelt und sauer gestellt, was Voraussetzung für das Chromgerben ist.After the liming, the back of the skin is mechanically cleaned of meat residues and subcutaneous connective tissue and then split (split, refendre, spaccare, dividir), d. H. brought to uniform thickness. The skin is then in the form of the nakedness (pelt, peau entripe, trippa, piel en tripa). The subsequent process steps for liquors between 30 and 200% take place in the following phases: During descaling, the alkaline skin is neutralized by adding acids and acid salts. The resulting neutral salts are washed out. During the subsequent pickling process, proteolytic enzymes are added to the skin, which further change and break down the protein substance of the skin. Finally, the skin in the pimple is treated with acid and salt and made acidic, which is a prerequisite for chrome tanning.

In der Regel werden Chrom-III-Salze verwendet, welche die von Natur aus verderbliche Haut dauerhaft beständig machen, also Bakterienbildung verhindern, Fäulnisprozesse vermeiden etc. Auch beim Chromgerben fällt problematisches Abwasser an, das vor allem mit Chrom-lll belastet ist. An das Chromgerben schließt sich eine Nachgerbung, die mit Hilfe individueller Rezepte der Haut das endgültige und gewünschte Aussehen gibt, an. Dann wird die Haut bei einer Flottenlänge von 50 bis 300% nacheinander gefettet und gegebenenfalls gefärbt. Beim Fetten wird dem Leder die notwendige Geschmeidigkeit und Flexibilität verliehen. Auch die hier anfallenden Abwässer sind wiederum in großem Umfang mit organischen und anorganischen Substanzen versetzt.As a rule, chromium III salts are used, which make the skin, which is perishable by nature, permanently durable, i.e. prevent the formation of bacteria, prevent decay processes, etc. Also in the case of chrome tanning, problematic waste water is produced, which is mainly contaminated with chromium III. The chrome tanning is followed by retanning, which gives the skin the final and desired appearance with the help of individual recipes. Then the skin is greased in succession at a liquor length of 50 to 300% and colored if necessary. When greasing, the leather is given the necessary suppleness and flexibility. The wastewater that accumulates here is also to a large extent mixed with organic and inorganic substances.

Die Naßprozesse in der Gerberei sind aus mehreren Gründen technisch unbefriedigend. Die Haut muß mehrere Verfahrensstufen durchlaufen, die teils chargenweise mit bis zu 20 to Hautgewicht (Naßprozesse), teils in Einzelbearbeitung (mechanische Verfahrensstufen) ablaufen. Dies erfordert mehrfach das Auflösen der Chargen, Vereinzeln und Orientieren (Ausrichten nach Kopf und Schild) der Häute, ist also zeit-und arbeitsaufwendig. Große Häute können eine Fläche bis 6 m2 aufweisen und je nach Wassergehalt bis zu 100 kg wiegen. Da der Transport in weiten Bereichen des Gerbereibetriebs von Hand durchzuführen ist, werden entsprechend viele Arbeitskräfte benötigt. Auf Grund der aggressiven Chemikalien und der von der Haut stammenden organischen Substanzen lassen sich kaum hygienische Arbeitsbedingungen für das Personal schaffen.The wet processes in the tannery are technically unsatisfactory for several reasons. The skin has to go through several process stages, some of which are carried out in batches with up to 20 tons of skin weight (wet processes), some of which are carried out individually (mechanical process stages). This requires multiple dissolving of the batches, separation and orientation (alignment according to head and shield) of the skins, and is therefore time-consuming and labor-intensive. Large skins can have an area of up to 6 m 2 and weigh up to 100 kg depending on the water content. Since the transport has to be carried out by hand in large areas of the tannery, a correspondingly large number of workers are required. Due to the aggressive chemicals and the organic substances derived from the skin, it is hardly possible to create hygienic working conditions for the staff.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vorschlag für die Naßprozesse zu unterbreiten, der eine Reduzierung der Arbeitskräfte und eine Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen bringt.The invention has for its object to make a proposal for the wet processes, which brings a reduction in the workforce and an improvement in working conditions.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Lösungen und Flüssigkeiten einer oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Verfahrensstufen außer Fetten in die Haut durch Impfen eingeschleust werden. Dabei erfolgt das Impfen vorzugsweise bei hohem Druck von beispielsweise 50 bis über 100 bar.This object is achieved in that the solutions and liquids of one or more of the aforementioned process steps, besides fats, are introduced into the skin by vaccination. The vaccination is preferably carried out at a high pressure of, for example, 50 to over 100 bar.

Mit diesem Impfen, das nur für einzelne, aber auch für alle Verfahrensstufen vorgesehen werden kann, erübrigen sich die Flotten und die umlaufenden Behälter. Es braucht nur die effektiv notwendige Menge an Lösungen und Flüssigkeiten in die Haut geimpft werden, so daß erhebliche Kosten für den Betriebsstoffeinsatz eingespart werden. Auch sind die Arbeitskräfte kaum mehr arbeitshygienischen Gefahren ausgesetzt. Da sich das Impfen der Haut auf kontinuierlich arbeitenden Transporteinrichtungen durchführen läßt, entfällt das Manipulieren und Transportieren von Hand. Sowohl der Wasserverbrauch als auch die Abwasserabgabe werden erheblich reduziert. Da die Wirksamkeit der Prozesse nicht mehr von der natürlichen Penetration der Flüssigkeiten in die Haut abhängig ist, können auch andere Chemikalien mit dem Ziel verbesserter Wirtschaftlichkeit und günstigerer Gebrauchseigenschaften eingesetzt werden. Schließlich eröffnet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Möglichkeit, die Haut über ihre Breite unterschiedlich zu behandeln. Dies ist deshalb von Bedeutung, weil die Haut bekanntlich im Rückenbereich eine völlig andere Struktur als in den Hals- und Bauchteilen aufweist. Da das Walken der Haut durch Umwälzprozesse entfällt, werden das natürliche Fasergefüge bewahrt und Beschädigungen der Haut vermieden.With this vaccination, which can only be provided for individual, but also for all process stages, the liquors and the rotating containers are no longer necessary. It is only necessary to inoculate the effectively necessary amount of solutions and liquids into the skin so that considerable costs for the use of operating materials can be saved. Also, the workers are hardly exposed to occupational hygiene risks. Since the vaccination of the skin can be carried out on continuously operating transport devices, manipulation and transport by hand are not necessary. Both water consumption and wastewater tax are significantly reduced. Since the effectiveness of the processes is no longer dependent on the natural penetration of the liquids into the skin, other chemicals can also be used with the aim of improved economy and more favorable usage properties. Finally, the method according to the invention opens up the possibility of treating the skin differently over its width. This is important because the skin in the back area is known to have a completely different structure than in the neck and stomach parts. Because the skin does not have to be churned by circulation processes, the natural fiber structure is preserved and damage to the skin is avoided.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Impfen von der Fleischseite der Haut her durchgeführt. Dadurch wird zum einen die Narbenseite der Haut, die das Erscheinungsbild und den Wert des Leders maßgeblich beeinflussen, in keiner Weise angegriffen. Zum anderen werden bei der Äscher-Behandlung die Haare von der Wurzel her angegriffen und gelockert und auf diese Weise chemisch von der Haut getrennt und können technischen (Bürsten- und Filzherstellung) oder landwirtschaftlichen Zwecken (Langzeit-Dünger) zugeführt werden. Die Protein-Belastung des Abwassers, die bisher durch das vollständige chemische Auflösen der Haare gegeben war; entfällt.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vaccination is carried out from the meat side of the skin. On the one hand, this means that the grain side of the skin, which significantly influences the appearance and value of the leather, is not attacked in any way. On the other hand, during liming treatment, the hair is attacked from the roots and loosened and chemically separated from the skin in this way and can be used for technical (brush and felt production) or agricultural purposes (long-term fertilizer). The protein load in the wastewater that was previously caused by the complete chemical dissolution of the hair; not applicable.

Wie schon angedeutet, können einzelne Naßprozesse auch in herkömmlicher Weise in das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren integriert werden, insbesondere das Äschern, bei dem jeder Gerber seine eigenen Rezepte anwendet. Dabei ist von Vorteil, daß die Äscherweiche wiederverwendet werden kann, da sie keine gelösten Eiweißsubstanzen enthält.As already indicated, individual wet processes can also be integrated into the method according to the invention in a conventional manner, in particular the liming, in which each tanner uses his own recipes. The advantage here is that the liming switch can be reused because it does not contain any dissolved protein substances.

Die Erfindung ist weiterhin auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gerichtet, von der nachfolgend Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben sind. In der Zeichnung zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Gesamtanlage,
  • Fig. 2 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines Kolbenschießgerätes,
  • Fig. 3 eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform der Anlage und
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf die Anlage gemäß Fig. 3.
The invention is further directed to an apparatus for performing the method, of which exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows
  • 1 is a schematic plan view of an overall system,
  • 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of a piston shooting device,
  • Fig. 3 is a partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of the system and
  • 4 is a top view of the plant of FIG. 3.

Die Vorrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Unterlage 1 und einer Düseneinrichtung 2, die an einem die Unterlage überspannenden, portalartigen Träger 3 angebracht ist. Beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Unterlage 1 als endlos umlaufendes, schrittweise angetriebenes Transportband ausgebildet, während der Träger 3 ortsfest angeordnet ist. Statt dessen kann die Unterlage 1 als ortsfester Tisch und der Träger 3 als Fahrschlitten ausgebildet sein.The device essentially consists of a base 1 and a nozzle device 2 which is attached to a portal-like carrier 3 spanning the base. In the embodiment shown, the base 1 is designed as an endlessly rotating, step-by-step conveyor belt, while the carrier 3 is arranged in a stationary manner. Instead, the base 1 can be designed as a stationary table and the carrier 3 as a carriage.

Die Unterlage 1 kann aus Filz, Gummi oder einem anderen schwach nachgiebigen Werkstoff bestehen und zumindest im Bereich der Düseneinrichtung 2 über einen starren Gegenhalter, z. B. eine Platte, laufen. Die Düseneinrichtung weist mehrere Kolbenschießgeräte 4 auf, die in zwei parallelen, zueinander versetzten Reihen angeordnet sind. Die Kolbenschießgeräte 4 werden über Leitungen 5 mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt, während den Schießzylindern der Kolbenschießgeräte über nicht gezeigte Leitungen die einzuimpfenden Lösungen bzw. Flüssigkeiten aus einem Vorratsbehälter 6 zugeführt werden.The pad 1 can consist of felt, rubber or another weakly resilient material and at least in the area of the nozzle device 2 via a rigid counter-holder, e.g. B. a disk run. The nozzle device has a plurality of piston shooting devices 4 which are arranged in two parallel rows which are offset from one another. The piston shooting devices 4 are pressurized via lines 5, while the shooting cylinders of the piston shooting devices are fed the solutions or liquids to be inoculated from a storage container 6 via lines not shown.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Kolbenschießgerät 4 näher gezeigt. Es besteht aus einem Gehäuse 7 mit Druckzylinder 8, in welchem ein Kolben 9 geführt ist. Dieser wird an seiner Stirnseite 10 intermittierend mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt (Leitung 5 in Fig. 1). Der Kolben 9 ist an seiner gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite zu einem Schießkolben 11 verlängert, der in dem Schießzylinder 12 läuft. Dieser wiederum verengt sich zu einer Düse 13, die in einem konvexen Düsenkopf 14 ausmündet. In den von der Düse 13 gebildeten Kanal mündet seitlich ein Kanal 15 ein, der an den Vorratsbehälter 6 (Fig. 1) angeschlossen ist. Die Rückstellung des Schießkolbens 11 bzw. des Kolbens 9 kann durch eine Feder erfolgen.2 shows a piston shooting device 4 in more detail. It consists of a housing 7 with a pressure cylinder 8, in which a piston 9 is guided. This is intermittently acted upon by pressure medium on its end face 10 (line 5 in FIG. 1). The piston 9 is extended on its opposite end to a shooting piston 11 which runs in the shooting cylinder 12. This in turn narrows to form a nozzle 13, which opens out into a convex nozzle head 14. A channel 15, which is connected to the reservoir 6 (FIG. 1), opens laterally into the channel formed by the nozzle 13. The resetting of the piston 11 and the piston 9 can be done by a spring.

Auf die Unterlage 1 (Fig. 1) werden die Häute 16 mit der Haar- bzw. Narbenseite aufgelegt und schrittweise unter der Düseneinrichtung 2 hindurchbewegt. Die Schrittlänge richtet sich nach der Anzahl von Reihen der Kolbenschießgeräte, die an dem Träger 3 angeordnet sind. Nach jedem Schritt der Unterlage 1 wird die Düseneinrichtung 2 auf die Fleischseite abgesenkt. Dabei werden die konvexen Düsenköpfe 14 auf die Haut aufgedrückt. Es erfolgt ein Schuß durch alle Düsen. Danach wird die Düseneinrichtung 2 wieder angehoben, die Haut um einen Schritt weiterbewegt, so daß ein neuer Schießzyklus beginnen kann. Statt die Düseneinrichtung 2 abzusenken und anzuheben, kann auch die Unterlage 1 im Bereich unterhalb des Trägers 3 in der Höhe beweglich sein, indem beispielsweise der oben erwähnte Gegenhalter angehoben und abgesenkt wird.The skins 16 with the hair or scar side are placed on the base 1 (FIG. 1) and moved step by step under the nozzle device 2. The stride length depends on the number of rows of the piston shooting devices which are arranged on the carrier 3. After each step of the base 1, the nozzle device 2 is lowered onto the meat side. The convex nozzle heads 14 are pressed onto the skin. There is a shot through all the nozzles. Then the nozzle device 2 is raised again, the skin is moved one step further, so that a new shooting cycle can begin. Instead of lowering and raising the nozzle device 2, the support 1 can also be vertically movable in the area below the carrier 3, for example by raising and lowering the abutment mentioned above.

In der Praxis haben sich Schießdrucke von 100 bar bewährt. Gute Ergebnisse konnten weiterhin bei einem Rasterabstand der Düsen zwischen 2 und 5 cm bei einem Schußvolumen je Düse zwischen 0,5 bis 2 ml erzielt werden. Die Haut wurde bis zur Haar- bzw. Narbenseite intensiv durchdrungen, wobei die Ausbreitung um jede Düse etwa kreisförmig mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 20 bis 35 mm erfolgte.In practice, shooting pressures of 100 bar have proven their worth. Good results were also achieved with a grid spacing of the nozzles between 2 and 5 cm with a shot volume per nozzle between 0.5 and 2 ml. The skin was penetrated intensively up to the hair or scar side, the spreading around each nozzle being approximately circular with a diameter between 20 to 35 mm.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 und 4 weist die Vorrichtung einen Standrahmen 20 auf, an dem die insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnete Unterlage angebracht ist. Der die Kolbenschießgeräte 4 aufnehmende Träger 3 überspannt auch hier die Unterlage 1 über deren gesamte Breite (s. Fig. 4).3 and 4 the device has a stand frame 20, to which the base, designated as a whole by 1, is attached. The carrier 3 accommodating the piston shooting devices 4 also spans the base 1 over its entire width (see FIG. 4).

Die Unterlage 1 weist als wesentliches Tei! einen Schrittförderer 21 mit einer Platte 22 auf, an der Schwingen 23 gelenkig angreifen, die ihrerseits am Standrahmen 20 gelagert sind. Die Schwingen sind zumindest paarweise vorgesehen, wobei ein Paar mit einem hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Antrieb 24 versehen ist, der die Schwingen (23) aus der ausgezogenen wiedergegebenen geneigten Stellung in die gestrichelt gezeigte senkrechte Stellung bewegt und dabei die Platte 22 anhebt und in Richtung 25 vorschiebt. Beim Rückhub des Antriebs senkt sich die Platte unter gleichzeitiger Rückwärtsbewegung. Dabei wird die Haut 16 ähnlich wie bei einer Nähmaschine schrittweise vorwärts bewegt.The pad 1 has as an essential part! a step conveyor 21 with a plate 22, on the swing 23 engage articulated, which in turn are mounted on the stand frame 20. The rockers are provided at least in pairs, one pair being provided with a hydraulic or pneumatic drive 24 which moves the rockers (23) from the extended, inclined position to the vertical position shown in dashed lines, thereby lifting the plate 22 and advancing it in direction 25 . When the drive returns, the plate lowers while moving backwards. The skin 16 is gradually moved forward, similar to a sewing machine.

Vor der Platte 22 ist ein ortsfester Einlauftisch 26 und davor eine Auflagerrolle 27 für die Haut 16 angeordnet. Die Platte 22 ist mit einer Aussparung 28 versehen, unterhalb der je ein Gegenhalter 29 für jedes Kolbenschießgerät 4 angeordnet ist. Der Gegenhalter ist von einem Schwenkhebel gebildet, der bei 30 am Standrahmen 20 gelagert ist und an seinem freien Ende eine Auflagerfläche 31 für die Haut 16 aufweist. Ferner greift an diesem Ende ein hydraulischer oder pneumatischer Antrieb 32 an, der den Gegenhalter 29 durch die Aussparung 28 der Platte 22 hebt und wieder absenkt.In front of the plate 22 there is a stationary inlet table 26 and in front of it a support roller 27 for the skin 16. The plate 22 is provided with a recess 28, below which a counter-holder 29 is arranged for each piston-shooting device 4. The counter-holder is formed by a pivot lever which is mounted at 30 on the stand frame 20 and has a support surface 31 for the skin 16 at its free end. Furthermore, a hydraulic or pneumatic drive 32 acts on this end, which lifts the counter-holder 29 through the recess 28 of the plate 22 and lowers it again.

Die Antriebe der Kolbenschießgeräte 4, der Platte 22 und der Gegenhalter 29 sind steuerungstechnisch so miteinander verknüpft, daß nach einem Injektionsschuß zunächst die Gegenhalter 29 aus der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stellung in die gestrichelt wiedergegebene Stellung abgesenkt, anschließend die Schwingen 23 in die gestrichelte Stellung verschwenkt werden, wobei die Haut 16 um einen Schritt nach vorne bewegt und ein noch nicht behandelter Streifen unter die Kolbenschießgeräte 4 gelangt. Dann gehen die Gegenhalter 29 wieder nach oben und drücken die Haut gegen die Düsen. Zugleich geht die Platte 22 wieder zurück, wobei die Haut 16 nicht mitgenommen wird, da sie festgeklemmt ist und sich die Platte 22 außerdem nach unten bewegt. Während dieses Vorgangs erfolgt ein Schuß durch sämtliche Düsen. Da je nach Lage der Haut einige Düsen außerhalb derselben liegen kann unterhalb der Aussparung 28 eine nicht gezeigte Auffangwanne angeordnet sein.The drives of the piston shooting device 4, the plate 22 and the counter-holder 29 are linked to one another in terms of control technology in such a way that, after an injection shot, the counter-holder 29 is first lowered from the position shown in FIG. 3 into the position shown in dashed lines, then the rockers 23 into the dashed position can be pivoted, the skin 16 being moved forward by one step and a strip which has not yet been treated coming under the piston shooting devices 4. Then the counterholders 29 go up again and press the skin against the nozzles. At the same time, the plate 22 goes back again, the skin 16 not being taken along, since it is clamped and the plate 22 also moves downward. During this process, a shot is fired through all of the nozzles. Since, depending on the position of the skin, some nozzles lie outside the same, a collecting trough (not shown) can be arranged below the recess 28.

Claims (16)

1. Method for the manufacture of tanned hides and skins with the following steps of procedure, the so called wet processes:
a) Soaking of the hide
b) Liming in alcaline medium
c) Deliming in acid medium
d) Bating by proteolytic enzymes
e) Pickling by means of acids and salts
f) Tanning for example by means of chromium-Ill-salts
g) Retanning
h) Fatliquoring of the hide and, if necessary,
i) Dyeing,

characterized in that the solutions or liquids used in one or more of the procedure steps a) to g) and i) are introduced into the hide or skin by injection under high pressure.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure exceeds 50 bars preferably 100 bars.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solutions or liquids are introduced into the hide in dosed quantities.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the solutions or liquids are introduced into different parts of the hide or skin in quantities of varying dosages.
5. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the injection is effected from the flesh side of the hide.
6. Device for carring out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in a base (1) supporting the hide (16) from hair - or grain side and in a jet unit (2) adapted to be applied to the flesh side of the hide (16) and by means of which the solutions or liquids are injected under pressure.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the jet unit (2) comprises several piston-type shooting devices (4) arranged side by side in at least one row, each shooting device having a shooting cylinder (12) tapered off to form a jet-nozzle (13), and that a tube supplying the solutions or liquids leads to the shooting cylinder (12) or to the jet-nozzle (13).
8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the piston-type shooting devices (4) are arranged in two parallel rows displaced relative to each other.
9. Apparatus according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that the piston-type shooting devices (4) are arranged on a beam (3) extending over the base (1) and that the beam (3) and the base (1) are movable relatively to one another in parallel direction with regard to the extension of the hide (16).
10. Apparatus according to claim 6 to 9, characterized in that the beam (3) with the jet unit (2) and said base (1) are movable relatively to one another in vertical direction with regard to the extension of the hide (16).
11. Apparatus according to claim 6 to 10, characterized in that the base (1) consists of an oscillating stepwise working and the hide receiving conveyor (21) and a holding-up member (29) movable against the jet unit (2), said conveyor comprising a hide-supporting (22) with an opening (28) providing a passage for said holding-up member (29) which presses the hide (16) against the nozzle of the piston shooting device (4) step by step.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the conveyor consists of a plate (22) movable on a path smoothly curved upwards and provided with said passage opening (28) for the holding-up member (29).
13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the plate (22) is mounted at two rockers (23) arranged with distance from one another one of this rockers being driven.
14. Apparatus according to claim 11 to 13, characterized in that the holding-up member consists of a plurality of pivoting levers (29) mounted side by side, each of said levers (29) being arranged in correspondence to one nozzle (13) and comprising at its free end passing through the passage opening (28) of the conveyor (21) a bearing-surface (31) for the hide.
15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that each of said levers (29) is pivoted by a hydraulic driving means (32) engaging the lever at its free end.
16. Apparatus according to claim 11 to 15, characterized in that the driving means (22, 32) of said conveyor (21), said holding-up member (29) and said shooting devices (4) are coupled by control means.
EP79102366A 1978-07-19 1979-07-10 Process and apparatus for the manufacture of tanned hides and skins Expired EP0009081B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MX17855979A MX150565A (en) 1978-07-19 1979-07-19 IMPROVEMENTS IN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SKIN TREATMENT

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782831617 DE2831617A1 (en) 1978-07-19 1978-07-19 METHOD FOR PRODUCING TANED SKINS AND SKINS
DE2831617 1978-07-19

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EP0009081A1 EP0009081A1 (en) 1980-04-02
EP0009081B1 true EP0009081B1 (en) 1981-11-25

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EP (1) EP0009081B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5516094A (en)
AR (1) AR216258A1 (en)
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CS (1) CS209818B2 (en)
DE (2) DE2831617A1 (en)
ES (2) ES482629A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4333731A (en) 1982-06-08
JPS5516094A (en) 1980-02-04
AR216258A1 (en) 1979-11-30
CS209818B2 (en) 1981-12-31
DE2831617A1 (en) 1980-01-31
BR7904596A (en) 1980-03-25
ES482629A1 (en) 1980-04-01
EP0009081A1 (en) 1980-04-02
DE2961441D1 (en) 1982-01-28
ES485042A1 (en) 1980-05-16

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