EP0008993A2 - Method for insulating buildings on the outside - Google Patents

Method for insulating buildings on the outside Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008993A2
EP0008993A2 EP79400636A EP79400636A EP0008993A2 EP 0008993 A2 EP0008993 A2 EP 0008993A2 EP 79400636 A EP79400636 A EP 79400636A EP 79400636 A EP79400636 A EP 79400636A EP 0008993 A2 EP0008993 A2 EP 0008993A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
outside
absorption layer
insulating
type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79400636A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0008993A3 (en
Inventor
Jean Lenoir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7826076A external-priority patent/FR2437472A1/en
Priority claimed from FR7914658A external-priority patent/FR2457935A2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0008993A2 publication Critical patent/EP0008993A2/en
Publication of EP0008993A3 publication Critical patent/EP0008993A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of thermal insulation from the outside of building facades.
  • the first relates to the use of mechanically fixed thermal insulation which can be stuck on the walls, insulation to which are added three constituted layers' by a mortar adhesive, by a fabric or mat of glass (or similar) and by a new layer of mortar glue.
  • the second family relates to cladding processes, where the insulation is dissociated from the external covering constituted by sheets or profiles of metallic or non-metallic origin and mechanically fixed on rails generally made of wood.
  • This second family more expensive most of the time than the first, does not allow the use of traditional plasters and, by the same token, does not meet all the requirements of aesthetics.
  • the method according to the invention consists in replacing the glass mat of the first family and the layer of cement bonded by an absorption layer of thermo-mechanical stresses.
  • thermo-mechanical stress absorption layer must in particular be of the non-compressible type, according to the compressibility standards defined below.
  • the compressibility is determined by a test on a test piece.
  • the compressibility value is noted for 0.4 bar and the compressibility is expressed with a number after the decimal point.
  • the upper compressibility limit which will be used will be 12 mm under 0.4 bar, for a maximum thickness of 60 mm.
  • the right of two licks of the absorption layer will be reinforced beforehand by a reinforcing strip, of the plastic strip type with reinforced mesh, embedded in the coating.
  • the puncturing mechanical shocks, the thermal shocks and the phenomena of shrinkage of the thermal insulator relating thereto are apprehended within the absorption layer notably increasing the cohesion and the duration. of the facade coating and thereby reducing the risk of disorder of these coatings.
  • the latter in order to ensure better adhesion of the external coating on the absorption layer of polyethylene, the latter is of the type with cut surface cells, at least on the side of the coating layer, and on the other hand that, to ensure greater ease of use, the other face of the absorption layer is pre-glued.
  • the surface of the absorption layer to which the exterior plaster is applied is tupe with sliced surface cells, one can obtain a tear resistance of the plaster, greater than that of polyethylene. that is, if we try to remove the coating layer, it is actually the polyethylene layer that is torn off. This gives optimal adhesion of the coating.
  • a sheet of polyethylene with sliced cells of thickness h can be obtained, in a manner known per se by cutting into two or three sheets a polyethylene sheet of thickness given 2 h or 3 h.
  • Another improvement is made in the treatment of the other face of the absorption layer by providing a pre-sizing therein by means of an adhesive, for example elastomer, of a type known per se.
  • an adhesive for example elastomer
  • This pre-gluing can be carried out by machine in the factory, according to methods also known in themselves, for example in the form of a full bonding on the edges of the polyethylene strip and a strip bonding on the rest from the surface.
  • the bonding is of constant quality and nature, which is of course essential from one site to the next, making it possible to maintain uniform quality and therefore uniform performance, in accordance with specifications.
  • the pre-glued layer will be protected in a manner known per se by any suitable film, for example a sheet of silicone polyester.
  • thermal insulation in panels which is for example made of extruded polystyrene, is laminated alternately or with alternating tongues and grooves.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Method of insulating buildings on the outside which consists in disposing on the outside of the walls an ensemble comprising, in succession, at least one layer of heat insulating material, a layer for absorbing thermo-mechanical stresses and finally a layer of external rendering, the three layers being applied against one another.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'isolation thermique par l'extérieur des façades des bâtiments.The present invention relates to a method of thermal insulation from the outside of building facades.

Dans les techniques connues de l'art antérieur, deux familles de procédés sont employés.In the techniques known from the prior art, two families of methods are used.

La première concerne l'utilisation d'isolants thermiques fixés mécaniquement qui peuvent être collés sur les murs, isolants auxquels sont adjointes trois constituées couches'par une colle mortier, par un tissu ou mat de verre (ou similaire) et par une nouvelle couche de colle mortier.The first relates to the use of mechanically fixed thermal insulation which can be stuck on the walls, insulation to which are added three constituted layers' by a mortar adhesive, by a fabric or mat of glass (or similar) and by a new layer of mortar glue.

Ce type d'isolation par l'extérieur suppose :

  • - une exécution extrêmement soignée et particulièrement dans les détails (angle des murs, reprise des linteaux, tableaux de fenêtre etc...) ;
  • - une part importante de main d'oeuvre dans le total des travaux ceci lié à la multiplicité des opérations.
This type of exterior insulation requires:
  • - an extremely careful execution and particularly in the details (angle of the walls, recovery of lintels, window paintings etc ...);
  • - a significant share of labor in the total work this linked to the multiplicity of operations.

De telles isolations peuvent en outre souffrir de fissurations d'origine thermo-mécaniques.Such insulation can also suffer from thermomechanical cracking.

La deuxième famille a trait aux procédés de bardage, où l'isolant est dissocié du revêtement extérieur constitué par feuilles ou profilés d'origine métallique ou non et fixés mécaniquement sur des lisses généralement en bois. Cette deuxième famille, plus coûteuse la plupart du temps que la première, n'autorise pas l'emploi des crépis traditionnels et, par là-même, ne répond pas à l'ensemble des exigences de l'esthétisme.The second family relates to cladding processes, where the insulation is dissociated from the external covering constituted by sheets or profiles of metallic or non-metallic origin and mechanically fixed on rails generally made of wood. This second family, more expensive most of the time than the first, does not allow the use of traditional plasters and, by the same token, does not meet all the requirements of aesthetics.

Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à remplacer le mat de verre de la première famille et la couche de ciment colle par une couche d'absorption des contrain tes d'origine thermo-mécaniques.The method according to the invention consists in replacing the glass mat of the first family and the layer of cement bonded by an absorption layer of thermo-mechanical stresses.

Ainsi pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé on applique successivement :

  • - un isolant thermique en panneaux, de préférence à cellules 100 % fermées, feuillure sur les quatre chants. Les panneaux sont fixés mécaniquement, par des clous à tête large et plate arasant la surface visible desdits panneaux, sur le mur support. Cet isolant doit en outre être classé non compressible suivant la définition qui en sera donnée ci-après :
  • - une feuille d'épaisseur de 3 mm maximum de polyéthylène extrudé ou de matière plastique alvéolaire offrant des caractéristiques d'élasticité et de résilience analogue- également classé non compressible selon les mêmes normes que l'isolant thermique. Cette feuille est par exemple collée en plein par toute colle appropriée et chimiquement compatible sur la face apparente de l'isolant thermique. Cette couche constitue la couche d'absorption des contraintes thermo-mécaniques :
  • - un enduit de façade de type acrylique ou similaire, dit enduit rustique, compatible avec la couche d'absorption et appliqué selon les normes habituelles des fabricants sur cette dernière.
Thus to implement the method, successively:
  • - thermal insulation in panels, preferably with 100% closed cells, rebate on the four edges. The panels are mechanically fixed, by broad and flat head nails leveling the visible surface of said panels, on the support wall. This insulation must also be classified as non-compressible according to the definition which will be given below:
  • - a sheet with a thickness of 3 mm maximum of extruded polyethylene or cellular plastic material offering similar elasticity and resilience characteristics - also classified as non-compressible according to the same standards as thermal insulation. This sheet is for example glued in full with any suitable and chemically compatible adhesive on the visible face of the thermal insulator. This layer constitutes the thermo-mechanical stress absorption layer:
  • - a coating of facade of acrylic type or similar, said rustic coating, compatible with the absorption layer and applied according to the usual standards of the manufacturers on the latter.

La couche d'isolant thermique et la couche d'absorption des contraintes thermo-mécaniques doivent en particulier être du type non compressibles, selon les normes de compressibilité définies ci-après.The thermal insulating layer and the thermo-mechanical stress absorption layer must in particular be of the non-compressible type, according to the compressibility standards defined below.

La compressibilité est déterminée par un essai sur éprouvette.The compressibility is determined by a test on a test piece.

Celle-ci est constituée par un élément de 30X30 cm découpé dans l'isolant. L'éprouvette, placée entre deux plaques carrées, à bords vifs, est soumise à une compression croissante. Les dimensions des plaques sont de :

  • 1) - 35 cm x 35 cm
  • 2) - 20 cm x 20 cm.
This consists of a 30X30 cm element cut from the insulation. The specimen, placed between two square plates, with sharp edges, is subjected to increasing compression. The dimensions of the plates are:
  • 1) - 35 cm x 35 cm
  • 2) - 20 cm x 20 cm.

Le chargement est réalisé en cinq paliers :

  • - une précharge de 0,01 bar est appliquée pendant une heure ; à l'issue de ce délai, le comparateur de mesure de l'affaissement est réglé à zéro.
  • - la pression augmentée jusqu'à O,1 bar, est appliquée pendant 24 heures. La lecture du comparateur est effectuée après ce délai ;
  • - augmenter de la même façon la charge jusqu'à 0,2 puis 0,3 et enfin 0,4 bar avec un délai de 24 heures de maintien de chaque palier.
The loading is carried out in five stages:
  • - a preload of 0.01 bar is applied for one hour; at the end of this delay, the sagging comparator is set to zero.
  • - the pressure increased to 0.1 bar is applied for 24 hours. The comparator is read after this delay;
  • - increase the load in the same way to 0.2 then 0.3 and finally 0.4 bar with a 24 hour delay in maintaining each level.

La valeur de la compressibilité est relevée pour 0,4 bar et la compressibilité est exprimée avec un chiffre après la virgule.The compressibility value is noted for 0.4 bar and the compressibility is expressed with a number after the decimal point.

Dans de telles conditions, la limite supérieure de compressibilité que l'on retiendra sera de 12 mm sous 0,4 bar, pour une épaisseur maximale de 60 mm.Under such conditions, the upper compressibility limit which will be used will be 12 mm under 0.4 bar, for a maximum thickness of 60 mm.

Au niveau de la structure des différentes couches, de nombreuses variantes peuvent être proposées.In terms of the structure of the different layers, many variants can be proposed.

D'une manière avantageuse, le droit de deux lèz de la couche d'absorption sera renforcé au préalable par une bande de renfort, type bande de plastique à mailles armées, noyée dans l'enduit.Advantageously, the right of two licks of the absorption layer will be reinforced beforehand by a reinforcing strip, of the plastic strip type with reinforced mesh, embedded in the coating.

Ainsi, du fait de la structure de l'ensemble isolant, les chocs mécaniques poinçonnants, les chocs thermiques et les phénomènes de retrait de l'isolant thermique y afférent sont appréhendés au sein de la couche d'absorption augmentant notablement la cohésion et la durée de vie de l'enduit de façade et diminuant d'autant le risque de désordre de ces mêmes enduits.Thus, due to the structure of the insulating assembly, the puncturing mechanical shocks, the thermal shocks and the phenomena of shrinkage of the thermal insulator relating thereto are apprehended within the absorption layer notably increasing the cohesion and the duration. of the facade coating and thereby reducing the risk of disorder of these coatings.

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, on peut prévoir d'une part que, pour assurer une meilleure adhérence de l'enduit extérieur sur la couche d'absorption en polyéthylène, ce dernier soit du type à cellules de surface tranchées, au moins du côté de la couche d'enduit, et d'autre part que, pour assurer une plus grande facilité d'utilisation, l'autre face de la couche d'absorption soit préencollée.According to another advantageous characteristic, it can be provided on the one hand that, in order to ensure better adhesion of the external coating on the absorption layer of polyethylene, the latter is of the type with cut surface cells, at least on the side of the coating layer, and on the other hand that, to ensure greater ease of use, the other face of the absorption layer is pre-glued.

En prévoyant que la surface de la couche d'absorption sur laquelle est appliqué l'enduit extérieur est du tupe à cellules de surface tranchées, on peut obtenir une résistance à l'arrachement de l'enduit, supérieure à celle du polyéthylène c'est-à-dire que, si l'on tente de retirer la couche d'enduit, c'est en fait la couche de polyéthylène qui est arrachée. On obtient donc ainsi une adhérence optimale de l'enduit.By providing that the surface of the absorption layer to which the exterior plaster is applied is tupe with sliced surface cells, one can obtain a tear resistance of the plaster, greater than that of polyethylene. that is, if we try to remove the coating layer, it is actually the polyethylene layer that is torn off. This gives optimal adhesion of the coating.

Une feuille de polyéthylène à cellules tranchées d'épaisseur h pourra être obtenue, de manière en soi connue en tranchant en deux ou trois feuilles une feuille de polyéthylène d'épaisseur donnée 2 h ou 3 h.A sheet of polyethylene with sliced cells of thickness h can be obtained, in a manner known per se by cutting into two or three sheets a polyethylene sheet of thickness given 2 h or 3 h.

On apporte un autre perfectionnement au niveau du traitement de l'autre face de la couche d'absorption en y ménageant un préencollage au moyen d'une colle, par exemple élastomère, de type en soi connu. Ce préencollage peut être effectué à la machine en usine, selon des méthodes également connues en elles-mêmes, par exemple sous la forme d'un collage en plein sur les bords de la bande de polyéthylène et d'un collage par bande sur le reste de la surface. Outre une plus grande facilité d'utilisation sur un chantier, on opère ainsi une économie considérable de colle. De plus l'encollage est de qualité et de nature constantes ce qui est bien entendu essentiel d'un chantier sur l'autre, permettant de respecter une qualité uniforme et donc des performances uniformes, conformes aux cahiers des charges.Another improvement is made in the treatment of the other face of the absorption layer by providing a pre-sizing therein by means of an adhesive, for example elastomer, of a type known per se. This pre-gluing can be carried out by machine in the factory, according to methods also known in themselves, for example in the form of a full bonding on the edges of the polyethylene strip and a strip bonding on the rest from the surface. In addition to greater ease of use on a site, there is thus a considerable saving of adhesive. In addition, the bonding is of constant quality and nature, which is of course essential from one site to the next, making it possible to maintain uniform quality and therefore uniform performance, in accordance with specifications.

Pour le stockage, la couche préencollée sera protégée de manière connue en elle-même par toute pellicule appropriée, par exemple une feuille de polyester siliconé.For storage, the pre-glued layer will be protected in a manner known per se by any suitable film, for example a sheet of silicone polyester.

Enfin, un autre perfectionnement peut être apporté en prévoyant que l'isolant thermique en panneaux, qui est par exemple en polystyrène extrudé, soit feuilluré de manière alternée ou à languettes et rainures alternées.Finally, another improvement can be made by providing that the thermal insulation in panels, which is for example made of extruded polystyrene, is laminated alternately or with alternating tongues and grooves.

Cette dernière conception permet :

  • - un rattrapage dans l'épaisseur de la feuillure des décalages dus aux défauts de planéité du mur ;
  • - une meilleure continuité d'isolation ;
  • - la formation au niveau des arêtes basses d'un décrochement formant larmier naturel évitant le ruissellement sur la partie basse du mur non isolée.
This last design allows:
  • - catching up in the thickness of the rebate offsets due to the flatness of the wall;
  • - better continuity of insulation;
  • - the formation at the level of the low edges of a recess forming a natural drip line preventing runoff on the lower part of the uninsulated wall.

Les avantages du procédé selon l'invention sont les suivants :

  • - réduction d'une couche par rapport aux techniques connues précitées :
  • - diminution du risque des malfaçons ;
  • - gain considérable en main d'oeuvre ;
  • L'application du procédé selon l'invention est l'isolation thermique extérieure de tous les bâtiments, d'habitation ou à usage commercial.
The advantages of the process according to the invention are as follows:
  • - reduction of a layer compared to the aforementioned known techniques:
  • - reduced risk of poor workmanship;
  • - considerable gain in labor;
  • The application of the method according to the invention is the external thermal insulation of all buildings, residential or for commercial use.

Claims (8)

1. Procédé pour l'isolation des bâtiments par l'extérieur qui consiste à disposer à l'extérieur des murs un ensemble comprenant successivement au moins une couche d'isolant thermique, une couche d'absorption des contraintes thermo-mécaniques et enfin une couche d'enduit extérieur, les trois couches étant appliquées l'une contre l'autre.1. A method of insulating buildings from the outside, which consists in placing outside the walls an assembly successively comprising at least one layer of thermal insulation, a layer for absorbing thermo-mechanical stresses and finally a layer exterior plaster, the three layers being applied one against the other. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'absorption des contraintes thermo-mécaniques est une feuille de matière plastique alvéolaire élastique et résiliente, du type polyéthylène extrudé.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermo-mechanical stress absorption layer is a sheet of elastic and resilient cellular plastic material, of the extruded polyethylene type. 3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'isolant thermique est constituée de panneaux du type non compressibles.3. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the thermal insulating layer consists of panels of the non-compressible type. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux isolants sont feuillurés sur les quatre chants.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating panels are rebated on the four edges. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les feuillures sont alternées.5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the rebates are alternated. 6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'emboîtement des panneaux isolants est du type à rainures et à languettes alternées.6. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the fitting of the insulating panels is of the type with alternating grooves and tongues. 7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'absorption est préencollée sur sa face en contact avec la couche d'isolant thermique.7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the absorption layer is pre-glued on its face in contact with the thermal insulating layer. 8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'absorption est en polyéthylène à cellules tranchées au moins sur la face devant recevoir l'enduit extérieur.8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the absorption layer is made of polyethylene with sliced cells at least on the face to receive the external coating.
EP79400636A 1978-09-12 1979-09-12 Method for insulating buildings on the outside Withdrawn EP0008993A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7826076 1978-09-12
FR7826076A FR2437472A1 (en) 1978-09-12 1978-09-12 Composite sheet for external insulation of buildings - comprising varnished expanded polyethylene sheet covering panels of rigid foam insulation
FR7914658A FR2457935A2 (en) 1979-05-31 1979-05-31 Composite sheet for external insulation of buildings - comprising varnished expanded polyethylene sheet covering panels of rigid foam insulation
FR7914658 1979-05-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0008993A2 true EP0008993A2 (en) 1980-03-19
EP0008993A3 EP0008993A3 (en) 1980-04-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400636A Withdrawn EP0008993A3 (en) 1978-09-12 1979-09-12 Method for insulating buildings on the outside

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EP (1) EP0008993A3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4669246A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-06-02 The Dow Chemical Company Insulated roofing system with water repellent fabric

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3389518A (en) * 1964-06-09 1968-06-25 Horbach Edwin Resilient cellular wall covering and applying it
CH502489A (en) * 1970-01-30 1971-01-31 Jakob Dr Rothenberger Composite insulating wall panel
FR2296740A1 (en) * 1974-12-30 1976-07-30 Solvay Insulation of outside of buildings with cellular material - covered with a film onto which a facing material is applied
FR2297297A1 (en) * 1975-01-09 1976-08-06 Gratadour Jean Marie Heat insulation for industrial or domestic buildings - consisting of polystyrene panels, mesh, and plastic or synthetic coating

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3389518A (en) * 1964-06-09 1968-06-25 Horbach Edwin Resilient cellular wall covering and applying it
CH502489A (en) * 1970-01-30 1971-01-31 Jakob Dr Rothenberger Composite insulating wall panel
FR2296740A1 (en) * 1974-12-30 1976-07-30 Solvay Insulation of outside of buildings with cellular material - covered with a film onto which a facing material is applied
FR2297297A1 (en) * 1975-01-09 1976-08-06 Gratadour Jean Marie Heat insulation for industrial or domestic buildings - consisting of polystyrene panels, mesh, and plastic or synthetic coating

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4669246A (en) * 1985-02-15 1987-06-02 The Dow Chemical Company Insulated roofing system with water repellent fabric

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Publication number Publication date
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