EP0008271A1 - Prefabricated building - Google Patents

Prefabricated building Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008271A1
EP0008271A1 EP79400550A EP79400550A EP0008271A1 EP 0008271 A1 EP0008271 A1 EP 0008271A1 EP 79400550 A EP79400550 A EP 79400550A EP 79400550 A EP79400550 A EP 79400550A EP 0008271 A1 EP0008271 A1 EP 0008271A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
containers
building
elements
container
building according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79400550A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Morel
Bernard-Paul Belin
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0008271A1 publication Critical patent/EP0008271A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B2001/34876—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form with a sloping or barrel roof
    • E04B2001/34884—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form with a sloping or barrel roof creating a living space between several units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated building.
  • Another important difficulty lies in the need to provide the site with a fairly large number of parts or elements different from each other while the distance between the storage or production areas and the construction sites can to be relatively large.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy these various drawbacks, and to provide a prefabricated building that is easy to assemble even by low-skilled labor and in which supply problems are also perfectly resolved.
  • the subject of the invention is a prefabricated building, the elements of which are delivered to the site in at least one container comprising the various constituent elements, and in particular the roofing and cladding elements, characterized in that the said container forms a structure. vertical roof support, the container thus being incorporated into the assembled building.
  • the building according to the invention comprises two or more containers, for example four.
  • the containers can be arranged in the corners, in particular when it is a question of construction of rectangular layout and thus the containers can, by at least two of their lateral walls, participate in the constitution of the vertical external walls of the building.
  • the container or containers preferably contain all the constituent elements of the building, which completely solves supply problems, especially over long distances or in distant countries. Thus, they can contain the various elements which will form the rafters or trusses, the other elements of roofing and in particular of covering, the various elements of cladding, the closings such as doors and windows, as well as elements of floor and internal partitions. , and possibly sanitary electrical equipment, and insulation materials.
  • the roof-bearing elements such as for example rafters, beams or trusses, are formed telescopically in such a way that, in the folded state, they find place in the or the containers, while in the deployed state they extend over a length much greater than the dimension of the container.
  • the end of a support element such as a crossbowman
  • a support element such as a crossbowman
  • gussets instead of other mechanical elements such as racks, winches with electric motors, etc., integrated into the container.
  • the building shown is delivered in four containers 1 of rectangular parallelepiped shape each comprising a bottom (not shown), four faces made of ribbed galvanized sheet metal, and a removable cover.
  • containers 1 When the four containers 1 have been brought to the site, they are emptied of their contents and arranged at the four corners of a rectangle as seen in FIG. 1, one of their edges serving as an edge for the building.
  • the containers used can be opened widely so as not to more let appear, in certain uses, than their horizontal and vertical structures.
  • Cylinders can be installed at their lower part for adaptation on sloping ground.
  • the telescopic rafters are then put in place, for example four in number, each container containing at least two half rafters.
  • the end of the rear part 3 of a half crossbowman is fixed by a hinge or ball joint 4 on the upper horizontal edge of the large external face 5 of a container, for example at one end of this edge, to be directly supported by a supporting structure, for example an upright 6 of the container.
  • the front part 7 is then deployed and its end is connected at 8 by a suitable means, plate or gusset, to the corresponding end of the other half crossbowman.
  • the half-crossbowman is held in the inclined position by a force distribution gusset or spade 9 interposed between part 3 and the upper end of the corresponding upright 6. We understand that it is easy to modify the slope of the roof at will by shortening the gusset 9.
  • the gusset can be replaced by a mechanical element integrated into the container (rack, electric motor winch, etc.) ensuring the lifting in the final position of the frame / cover assembly, previously mounted in a horizontal position, therefore at a close level from the ground, without scaffolding.
  • a mechanical element integrated into the container rack, electric motor winch, etc.
  • the rafters can be assembled at the ridge level by automatic clipping, for example without intervention at altitude. The same may be true for dismantling in the case of itinerant use of the building.
  • a covered building can then be created, without unloading the containers transported on truck trailers.
  • the container may include one or more telescopic rafters in the folded position, fixed on the outside in its upper part allowing frequent use and rapid assembly.
  • ribbed sheet plates 10 When the four rafters have been put in place, the rest of the cover formed from ribbed sheet plates 10 is assembled thereon, for example by means of purlins (not shown). The side and gable facades are then mounted using ribbed sheet plates such as 11 and incorporating the closures, for example doors 12.
  • the containers 1 themselves may, by manufacture, have closure elements, by example doors 13 or windows 14.
  • telescopic crossbowmen can in embodiments not shown be linked to the use of a flexible cover, folding in plastic material, for example, which can form by the circular or polygonal implantation of the containers a conical or pyramidal roof.
  • the containers can be telescopic to reduce their size during transport and include an autonomous movement device (wheels, skids, etc.).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

Prefabricated building, the elements of which are delivered to the site in at least one container (1) containing the various constituent elements. The container forms a vertical supporting structure (6) for the roof. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention a trait à un bâtiment préfabriqué.The present invention relates to a prefabricated building.

On connaît différents types de bâtiments préfabriqués dans lesquels on réalise en usine les différents éléments qui sont ensuite destinés à être transportés sur l'emplacement de l'édification pour y être assemblés.Different types of prefabricated buildings are known in which the various elements are produced in the factory, which are then intended to be transported to the site of the building to be assembled there.

En dehors de différents problèmes techniques liés aux différentes conceptions de ces bâtiments préfabriqués, l'une des difficultés que l'on rencontre réside dans la complexité de l'assemblage ou du montage des différents éléments sur le chantier de sorte que l'emploi de cette technique nécessite une main d'oeuvre relativement qualifiée pour la mise en place des fondations ou des assises et ensuite pour l'assemblage et l'édification.Apart from the different technical problems linked to the different designs of these prefabricated buildings, one of the difficulties encountered is the complexity of assembling or assembling the different elements on the site so that the use of this technique requires a relatively qualified workforce for the establishment of foundations or foundations and then for assembly and construction.

Une autre difficulté importante réside dans la nécessité de prévoir l'approvisionnement du chantier en un assez grand nombre de pièces ou d'éléments différents les uns des autres alors que la distance entre les zones de stockage ou de production et les chantiers d'édification peut être relativement importante.Another important difficulty lies in the need to provide the site with a fairly large number of parts or elements different from each other while the distance between the storage or production areas and the construction sites can to be relatively large.

La présente invention se propose de remédier à ces différents inconvénients, et de fournir un bâtiment préfabriqué facile à assembler même par une main d'oeuvre peu qualifiée et dans lequel les problèmes d'approvisionnement se trouvent en outre parfaitement résolus.The present invention proposes to remedy these various drawbacks, and to provide a prefabricated building that is easy to assemble even by low-skilled labor and in which supply problems are also perfectly resolved.

L'invention a pour objet un bâtiment préfabriqué dont les éléments sont livrés sur le chantier dans au moins un conteneur comportant les différents éléments constitutifs, et notamment les éléments de toiture et de bardage, caractérisé par le fait que ledit conteneur forme une structure de support vertical de toiture, le conteneur se trouvant ainsi incorporé dans le bâtiment assemblé.The subject of the invention is a prefabricated building, the elements of which are delivered to the site in at least one container comprising the various constituent elements, and in particular the roofing and cladding elements, characterized in that the said container forms a structure. vertical roof support, the container thus being incorporated into the assembled building.

De préférence, le bâtiment selon l'invention comporte deux ou davantage de conteneurs, par exemple quatre.Preferably, the building according to the invention comprises two or more containers, for example four.

De façon avantageuse, les conteneurs peuvent être disposés dans les angles, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de construction d'implantation rectangulaire et ainsi les conteneurs peuvent, par au moins deux de leurs parois latérales, participer à la constitution des parois extérieures verticales du bâtiment.Advantageously, the containers can be arranged in the corners, in particular when it is a question of construction of rectangular layout and thus the containers can, by at least two of their lateral walls, participate in the constitution of the vertical external walls of the building.

Cependant on peut également réaliser, grâce à l'invention des constructions d'implantation circulaire ou de toute autre forme.However, it is also possible, thanks to the invention, to construct circular or other implantation constructions.

Le ou les conteneurs contiennent de préférence la totalité des éléments constitutifs du bâtiment, ce qui résoud totalement les problèmes d'approvisionnement, surtout à longue distance ou dans des pays lointains. Ainsi, ils peuvent contenir les différents éléments qui vont former les arbalétriers ou fermes, les autres éléments de toiture et notamment de couverture, les différents éléments de bardage, les fermetures telles que portes et fenêtres, ainsi que des éléments de plancher et de cloisons internes, et éventuellement l'équipement électrique sanitaire, et les matériaux d'isolation.The container or containers preferably contain all the constituent elements of the building, which completely solves supply problems, especially over long distances or in distant countries. Thus, they can contain the various elements which will form the rafters or trusses, the other elements of roofing and in particular of covering, the various elements of cladding, the closings such as doors and windows, as well as elements of floor and internal partitions. , and possibly sanitary electrical equipment, and insulation materials.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les éléments porteurs de toiture, tels que par exemple des arbalétriers, poutres ou fermes, sont constitués de façon télescopique de façon telle, qu'à l'état replié, ils trouvent place dans le ou les conteneurs, alors qu'à l'état déployé ils s'étendent sur une longueur bien supérieure à la dimension du conteneur.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the roof-bearing elements, such as for example rafters, beams or trusses, are formed telescopically in such a way that, in the folded state, they find place in the or the containers, while in the deployed state they extend over a length much greater than the dimension of the container.

De façon avantageuse, l'extrémité d'un élément support tel qu'un arbalétrier, peut être articulée à la partie supérieure de son conteneur, par exemple grâce à une rotule, la fixation définitive de l'arbalétrier dans sa position oblique s'effectuant au moyen d'un élément mécanique tel qu'un gousset, interposé entre l'arbalétrier et le conteneur.Advantageously, the end of a support element such as a crossbowman, can be articulated at the upper part of its container, for example by means of a ball joint, the final fixing of the crossbowman in its oblique position being effected by means of a mechanical element such as a gusset, interposed between the crossbowman and the container.

Il est également possible d'utiliser à la place des goussets d'autres éléments mécaniques tels que des crémaillères, des treuils à moteur électrique etc ..., intégrés au conteneur.It is also possible to use gussets instead of other mechanical elements such as racks, winches with electric motors, etc., integrated into the container.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif et se référant au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'implantation d'un bâtiment selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe agrandie,
  • - la figure 3 représente une vue agrandie en élévation de ce bâtiment,
  • - la figure 4 représente une vue du pignon de ce bâtiment terminé,
  • - la figure 5 représente une vue latérale de ce bâtiment terminé.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following description, given by way of nonlimiting example and referring to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of the layout of a building according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents an enlarged sectional view,
  • FIG. 3 represents an enlarged view in elevation of this building,
  • FIG. 4 represents a view of the gable of this finished building,
  • - Figure 5 shows a side view of this completed building.

Le bâtiment représenté est livré en quatre conteneurs 1 de forme parallélépipédique rectangulaire comprenant chacun un fond (non représenté), quatre faces en tôle galvanisée nervurée, et un couvercle amovible. Lorsque les quatre conteneurs 1 ont été amenés sur le chantier, ils sont vidés de leur contenu et disposés aux quatre coins d'un rectangle comme on le voit sur la figure 1, une de leurs arêtes servant d'arête au bâtiment.The building shown is delivered in four containers 1 of rectangular parallelepiped shape each comprising a bottom (not shown), four faces made of ribbed galvanized sheet metal, and a removable cover. When the four containers 1 have been brought to the site, they are emptied of their contents and arranged at the four corners of a rectangle as seen in FIG. 1, one of their edges serving as an edge for the building.

Les conteneurs utilisés peuvent s'ouvrir largement pour ne plus laisser apparaître, dans certaines utilisations, que leurs structures horizontales et verticales. Des vérins peuvent être mis en place à leur partie inférieure pour une adaptation sur terrains en pente.The containers used can be opened widely so as not to more let appear, in certain uses, than their horizontal and vertical structures. Cylinders can be installed at their lower part for adaptation on sloping ground.

On met alors en place les arbalétriers télescopiques par exemple au nombre de quatre, chaque conteneur contenant au moins deux demi-arbalétriers. L'extrémité de la partie arrière 3 d'un demi-arbalétrier est fixée par une articulation ou rotule 4 sur l'arête supérieure horizontale de la grande face externe 5 d'un conteneur, par exemple à une extrémité de cette arête, pour être supportée directement par une structure porteuse, par exemple un montant 6 du conteneur. La partie antérieure 7 est alors déployée et son extrémité est reliée en 8 par un moyen convenable, plaque ou gousset, à l'extrémité correspondante de l'autre demi-arbalétrier. Le demi-arbalétrier est maintenu dans la position inclinée par un gousset ou bêche de répartition d'effort 9 interposé entre la partie 3 et l'extrémité supérieure du montant 6 correspondant. On comprend qu'il est facile de modifier à volonté la pente du toit en raccourcissant le gousset 9.The telescopic rafters are then put in place, for example four in number, each container containing at least two half rafters. The end of the rear part 3 of a half crossbowman is fixed by a hinge or ball joint 4 on the upper horizontal edge of the large external face 5 of a container, for example at one end of this edge, to be directly supported by a supporting structure, for example an upright 6 of the container. The front part 7 is then deployed and its end is connected at 8 by a suitable means, plate or gusset, to the corresponding end of the other half crossbowman. The half-crossbowman is held in the inclined position by a force distribution gusset or spade 9 interposed between part 3 and the upper end of the corresponding upright 6. We understand that it is easy to modify the slope of the roof at will by shortening the gusset 9.

Le gousset peut être remplacé par un élément mécanique intégré au conteneur (crémaillère, treuil moteur électrique, etc...) assurant le levage en position définitive de l'ensemble charpente/couverture, préalablement monté dans une position horizontale, donc à un niveau proche du sol, sans échafaudage.The gusset can be replaced by a mechanical element integrated into the container (rack, electric motor winch, etc.) ensuring the lifting in the final position of the frame / cover assembly, previously mounted in a horizontal position, therefore at a close level from the ground, without scaffolding.

Dans ce cas, l'assemblage des arbalétriers au niveau du faîtage peut s'opérer par un clipsage automatique par exemple sans intervention en altitude. Il pourra en être de même pour le démontage dans le cas d'utilisation itinérante du bâtiment.In this case, the rafters can be assembled at the ridge level by automatic clipping, for example without intervention at altitude. The same may be true for dismantling in the case of itinerant use of the building.

Un bâtiment couvert peut alors être constitué, sans déchargement des conteneurs transportés sur remorques de camions.A covered building can then be created, without unloading the containers transported on truck trailers.

Le conteneur peut comporter un ou plusieurs arbalétriers télescopiques en position repliée, fixé à l'extérieur dans sa partie supérieure permettant une utilisation fréquente et un montage rapide.The container may include one or more telescopic rafters in the folded position, fixed on the outside in its upper part allowing frequent use and rapid assembly.

Lorsque les quatre arbalétriers ont été mis en place, on y assemble le reste de la couverture formée de plaques de tôles nervurées 10 par exemple au moyen de pannes (non représentées). On monte ensuite les façades latérales et de pignon en utilisant des plaques de tôles nervurées telles que 11 et en y incorporant les fermetures, par exemple des portes 12. Les conteneurs 1 eux-mêmes peuvent comporter, de fabrication, des éléments de fermeture, par exemple portes 13 ou fenêtres 14.When the four rafters have been put in place, the rest of the cover formed from ribbed sheet plates 10 is assembled thereon, for example by means of purlins (not shown). The side and gable facades are then mounted using ribbed sheet plates such as 11 and incorporating the closures, for example doors 12. The containers 1 themselves may, by manufacture, have closure elements, by example doors 13 or windows 14.

L'utilisation des arbalétriers téléscopiques peut dans des réalisations non représentées être liée à l'emploi d'une couverture souple, repliante en matière plastique, par exemple, pouvant former par l'implantation circulaire ou polygonale des conteneurs une toiture conique ou pyramidale.The use of telescopic crossbowmen can in embodiments not shown be linked to the use of a flexible cover, folding in plastic material, for example, which can form by the circular or polygonal implantation of the containers a conical or pyramidal roof.

Bien entendu, on peut avoir prévu dans les conteneurs d'autres éléments (non représentés) par exemple, pour former un plancher ainsi que tous autres éléments utiles tels que cloisons intérieures, plafonds, équipement électrique, sanitaire ou autre.Of course, one can have provided in the containers other elements (not shown) for example, to form a floor as well as all other useful elements such as interior partitions, ceilings, electrical, sanitary or other equipment.

Ainsi, il est possible de livrer en quelques conteneurs, la totalité des pièces et éléments constitutifs du bâtiment, les conteneurs s'incorporant eux-mêmes dans celui-ci pour y former des structures porteuses rigides rendant inutile toute ossature et toute fondation et permettant des temps de montage et de démontage très rapides. En outre, le poids des conteneurs est gagné pour le transport et leur retour est évité. De plus, les conteneurs peuvent être télescopiques pour réduire leur encombrement au transport et comporter un dispositif de déplacement autonome (roues, patins, etc....).Thus, it is possible to deliver all the parts and components of the building in a few containers, the containers incorporating themselves into it to form rigid load-bearing structures, making any framework and any foundation unnecessary and allowing very fast assembly and disassembly times. In addition, the weight of the containers is saved for transport and their return is avoid. In addition, the containers can be telescopic to reduce their size during transport and include an autonomous movement device (wheels, skids, etc.).

Il va de soi que l'invention est susceptible de faire l'objet de nombreuses variantes, tant dans le nombre de conteneurs que dans leur disposition. Enfin, on pourrait prévoir des bâtiments plus élevés, par exemple à étages, en empilant un conteneur sur l'autre.It goes without saying that the invention is likely to be the subject of numerous variants, both in the number of containers and in their arrangement. Finally, higher buildings, for example storeys, could be provided by stacking one container on top of the other.

Claims (5)

1. Bâtiment préfabriqué dont les éléments sont livrés sur le chantier dans au moins un conteneur comportant les différents éléments constitutifs, ledit conteneur formant une structure de support vertical de toiture, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de support de toiture sont télescopiques et sont articulés à la partie supérieure des conteneurs.1. Prefabricated building, the elements of which are delivered to the site in at least one container comprising the various constituent elements, said container forming a vertical roof support structure, characterized in that the roof support elements are telescopic and are articulated at the top of the containers. 2. Bâtiment selon la revendication 1, à plusieurs conteneurs, caractérisé par le fait que les conteneurs sont disposés dans les angles du bâtiment, certaines de leurs parois latérales participant à la paroi externe du bâtiment.2. Building according to claim 1, with several containers, characterized in that the containers are arranged in the corners of the building, some of their side walls participating in the external wall of the building. 3. Bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits éléments de support de toiture sont maintenus en position par des éléments mécaniques, notamment des goussets interposés entre eux et la partie supérieure desdits conteneurs.3. Building according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said roof support elements are held in position by mechanical elements, in particular gussets interposed between them and the upper part of said containers. 4. Bâtiment selon l'unequelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits conteneurs comportent des montants sur leurs arêtes et des tôles nervurées sur leurs faces.4. Building according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said containers have uprights on their edges and ribbed sheets on their faces. 5. Bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits conteneurs présentent eux-mêmes des fermetures.5. Building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said containers themselves have closings.
EP79400550A 1978-08-04 1979-08-03 Prefabricated building Withdrawn EP0008271A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7823090 1978-08-04
FR7823090A FR2442928A1 (en) 1978-08-04 1978-08-04 PREFABRICATED BUILDING

Publications (1)

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EP0008271A1 true EP0008271A1 (en) 1980-02-20

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EP79400550A Withdrawn EP0008271A1 (en) 1978-08-04 1979-08-03 Prefabricated building

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ES (1) ES483829A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2442928A1 (en)

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FR2457233A1 (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-12-19 Cipari CONTAINERS AND THEIR USE
GB2146053A (en) * 1983-09-07 1985-04-11 Leach R E Portable building
WO1996030601A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-03 Napier Modular Housing Pty Ltd. Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container
AU699768B2 (en) * 1995-03-24 1998-12-17 Global Modular Housing Pty Ltd Transportable building system incorporating cargo shipping container
ES2151776A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 2001-01-01 Soubrier Hernandez Ros Federic System for the recovery and transformation of discarded containers for loading and transporting goods or new ones for self-supporting dwellings for various applications.
US7610724B2 (en) * 2003-06-23 2009-11-03 Rubbermaid Incorporated Shed roof truss adapted for storing long handle tools
US7762025B2 (en) 2004-11-19 2010-07-27 Modular Security Systems, Inc. Containerized access control system
US7823338B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2010-11-02 Modular Security Systems, Inc. Modular access control system
WO2011015836A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Rex Edward Michau Modular building and foundation system therefor and methods for their construction
CN102653992A (en) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-05 孙善骏 Containerized combined type steel structure building
NO20210407A1 (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-30 Schjelderup Trondahl Arkitekter As Modular cottage

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FR2219281A1 (en) * 1973-02-28 1974-09-20 Texas Industries Inc
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FR2442928A1 (en) 1980-06-27
ES483829A1 (en) 1980-04-16

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