EP0006828B1 - Retaining construction and set of construction elements for its erection - Google Patents

Retaining construction and set of construction elements for its erection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006828B1
EP0006828B1 EP79810054A EP79810054A EP0006828B1 EP 0006828 B1 EP0006828 B1 EP 0006828B1 EP 79810054 A EP79810054 A EP 79810054A EP 79810054 A EP79810054 A EP 79810054A EP 0006828 B1 EP0006828 B1 EP 0006828B1
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Prior art keywords
elements
branches
construction elements
anchoring
construction
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EP79810054A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0006828A1 (en
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Willi Steiner
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216Cribbing walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a supporting structure with similar, pre-fabricated components stacked on top of one another, which have legs extending from a center point, of which two legs form viewing legs and optionally one leg form an anchoring leg, all legs of stacked components being supported on one another.
  • Such a support structure is described in FR-PS 1 501 277.
  • the components have an essentially star-shaped cross section and they lie on top of one another with their full end faces in the stacked state.
  • the elements do not overlap or interlock and are only secured by mutually interlocking legs. There is only a loose connection between the elements of adjacent stacks of stacked elements.
  • the elements are full profiles of a certain height and they are spaced from each other. They are therefore voluminous, heavy and correspondingly expensive in relation to a certain overall height.
  • the legs lying in the supported soil do not result in a particularly effective anchoring in terms of their volume and weight.
  • FR-PS 2 331 652 a support structure is also known, in which modular elements with interlocking recesses and projections are stacked in the stacking direction.
  • modular elements with interlocking recesses and projections are stacked in the stacking direction.
  • there is no mutual connection of adjacent stacks by means of transversely interlocking legs or similar parts of the elements and it is also not proposed to construct the elements to form adjacent stacks.
  • the elements also have a considerable weight.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that the viewing legs of the components built up in adjacent stacks engage in one another transversely to the stacking direction, and in that the stacked components are secured to one another by elements which interlock in the stacking direction.
  • the interlocking of the viewing legs connects adjacent stacks of components, which increases stability.
  • the components are spaced one above the other and are relatively flat and light.
  • This anchoring can be increased by inserting further elements as bed boards between the anchoring legs in the ground.
  • the set of components according to the invention is characterized by flat, star-shaped or T-shaped components which, starting from a center point, have two viewing legs and at least one or possibly no anchoring legs in a manner known per se, the components serving to accommodate cams or connecting elements and Have recesses for more secure displacement stacking.
  • This set of components is preferably used to create support structures of the type described above, but can also be used for other purposes. For example, stacks of components or individual components that are spaced apart can serve to secure the slope. The elements can also serve purely decorative purposes.
  • the retaining wall shown in FIGS. 1-3 serves to support a fill 1 on the grown terrain indicated by a dash-dotted line 2.
  • the retaining wall consists of stacks of flat components coupled together. Each stack mainly consists of star-shaped basic elements 3, each of which has legs extending from a node 4. These are two viewing legs 5 and one anchoring leg 6 lying in the heaped-up material or in the area of excavation of the grown terrain.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown is a uniform star, i.e. the legs have the same length and each form an angle of 120 ° between them.
  • the basic elements 3 have a cylindrical cam 7 of the same height at the node 4 and at the end of the anchoring leg 6, and a lower cylindrical cam 8 at each end of the viewing leg 5.
  • These cams 7 and 8 are dimensioned such that they can engage in circular, flat recesses 9 on the top of the nodes 4 and the leg ends.
  • the cams engage with a little play in the recesses, this play being a little larger on the viewing legs than in the nodes and the anchoring legs.
  • through holes 10 are provided which, according to FIG. 1, can serve to introduce anchoring piles 11.
  • a longer pile could also be provided, which is threaded at the upper end of the stack, so that the stack can be pretensioned by means of a nut.
  • Similar support or cover elements 12 are provided, which differ from the basic elements 3 only in that the anchoring leg 6 is missing. They are particularly desirable as the crown of the retaining wall because under certain circumstances an anchoring leg no longer engages in the fill and is therefore useless and aesthetically undesirable.
  • the retaining wall can be slightly inclined against the slope. If the retaining wall is also slightly curved according to Fig. 2, different radii of curvature result at different heights, which in turn means that the mutual position of adjacent stacks is not exactly the same, i.e. In the upper part of the wall, the components of adjacent stacks are slightly closer together than at the lower end. This adjustment is possible thanks to the fact that the cams of the viewing legs 5 have some play in the depressions, for example a play of 2 cm.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically how a corner can be formed in the support structure.
  • straight elements 13 are provided which have cams 8 and depressions 9 at the ends and can thus be installed between the viewing legs of the basic elements.
  • the set of components shown can not only be used for the production of continuous supporting structures, that is to say in particular retaining walls, but individual stacks of elements can be provided at a distance from one another completely embedded in the ground as slope protection.
  • slope protection can be produced quickly and inexpensively, especially after landslides have taken place, after which the slipped material can be transported back. Special drilling or excavation work is hardly necessary because the individual stacks can be secured using anchor piles.
  • the angle between the viewing legs 5 can thus be chosen to be smaller.
  • T-shaped basic elements could be used to produce a retaining wall with a flat visible surface.
  • the anchoring legs 6 could also be made somewhat longer than the viewing legs 5.
  • the ends of the legs 5 and 6 are shaped in such a way that the ends of the stacked viewing legs overlap in a hexagonal manner, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • a two-leg component 12 ' can be used instead of a component 3', one leg of which is located at the front as a viewing leg, while its second leg is located in the ground as an anchoring leg. This creates a gap 15 which e.g. can be used for planting with a larger plant.
  • the production is considerably simplified if only quasi-flat elements 3 'and 12' with flat recesses 9 on the one hand and cylindrical connecting elements 13 and 14 on the other have to be produced instead of the elements 3 with projecting cams of unequal length.
  • connecting elements 13 and 14 of different, coordinated heights, and thus to predetermine the vertical distance between adjacent components 3 'and 12'.
  • the components 3 ' are laid without spacing, in which case connecting elements are to be provided, the height of which only corresponds to twice the depth of the depressions 9.
  • upper end elements 16 can be provided, which are similar to elements 12 'as a whole, but only have a recess 9 in the center on one side for receiving a connecting element 14.
  • Loose spacer elements 17 are placed under the ends of the legs of these end elements.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment variant of a low supporting structure, which is largely constructed from elements 12 '.
  • An element 3 ' is only inserted at one point in order to achieve a certain anchoring. However, there could also be no element 3 'with anchoring leg at all, or more such elements could be provided.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show variants with additional anchoring. 10, elements 12 'are coupled at certain levels to the anchoring legs of the elements 3', which bring about an additional anchoring. This additional anchoring can be made even more effective if, according to FIG. 11, elements 3 'are in turn coupled to the anchoring legs of the front elements 3' at certain levels.
  • the components shown and described are preferably used for the production of support structures for receiving lateral pressures, but they can also be used for the production of load-bearing structures such as bases, supports and the like. Of course, buildings can also be created that have both a supporting and laterally supporting function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

1. Retaining structure with construction elements of the same kind, prefabricated and stacked, said elements being provided with branches extending from a center, two of said branches being visible branches (5) and, as it so happens, one of said branches being an anchoring branch (6), all branches of the stacked construction elements being supported one upon the other, wherein said visible branches (5) of the construction elements (3, 3') stacked in neighbouring piles of elements interlock transversely with respect of the piling up direction and wherein the stacked construction elements (3, 3') are secured among themselves by elements (7, 8, 13, 14), respectively (9) interlocking in the piling up direction.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Stützbauwerk mit gleichartigen, aufeinandergeschichteten vorfabrizierten Bauelementen, die von einem Mittelpunkt ausgehende Schenkel aufweisen, von welchen zwei Schenkel Sichtschenkel und gegebenenfalls ein Schenkel einen Verankerungsschenkel bilden, wobei alle Schenkel gestapelter Bauelemente aufeinander abgestützt sind.The present invention relates to a supporting structure with similar, pre-fabricated components stacked on top of one another, which have legs extending from a center point, of which two legs form viewing legs and optionally one leg form an anchoring leg, all legs of stacked components being supported on one another.

Ein derartiges Stützbauwerk ist in der FR-PS 1 501 277 beschrieben. Die Bauelemente weisen im wesentlichen sternförmigen Querschnitt auf, und sie liegen in gestapeltem Zustand mit ihren vollen Stirnflächen aufeinander. Die Elemente greifen nicht übereinander bzw. ineinander und sind nur durch sich gegenseitig hintergreifende Schenkel gesichert. Es ergibt sich nur eine lose Verbindung zwischen den Elementen benachbarter Stapel von aufeinandergestapelten Elementen. Die Elemente sind volle Profile bestimmter Höhe und sie liegen ohne Abstand aufeinander. Sie sind daher bezogen auf eine bestimmte Bauhöhe voluminös, schwer und entsprechend teuer. Die im gestützten Erdreich liegenden Schenkel ergeben gemessen an ihrem Volumen und ihrem Gewicht keine besonders wirksame Verankerung.Such a support structure is described in FR-PS 1 501 277. The components have an essentially star-shaped cross section and they lie on top of one another with their full end faces in the stacked state. The elements do not overlap or interlock and are only secured by mutually interlocking legs. There is only a loose connection between the elements of adjacent stacks of stacked elements. The elements are full profiles of a certain height and they are spaced from each other. They are therefore voluminous, heavy and correspondingly expensive in relation to a certain overall height. The legs lying in the supported soil do not result in a particularly effective anchoring in terms of their volume and weight.

Aus der FR-PS 2 331 652 ist ferner ein Stützbauwerk bekannt, bei welchem bausteinförmige Elemente mit in Stapelrichtung ineinandergreifenden Vertiefungen und Vorsprüngen zu Stapeln aufgebaut sind. Es ist jedoch keine gegenseitige Verbindung benachbarter Stapel durch quer ineinandergreifende Schenkel oder dergleichen Teile der Elemente vorgesehen, und es ist auch nicht vorgeschlagen, die Elemente zu benachbarten Stapeln aufzubauen. Die Elemente weisen auch ein erhebliches Gewicht auf.From FR-PS 2 331 652 a support structure is also known, in which modular elements with interlocking recesses and projections are stacked in the stacking direction. However, there is no mutual connection of adjacent stacks by means of transversely interlocking legs or similar parts of the elements, and it is also not proposed to construct the elements to form adjacent stacks. The elements also have a considerable weight.

Es ist das Ziel vorliegender Erfindung, ein Stützbauwerk hoher Stabilität mittels leichter, lose stapelbarer Bauelemente bei geringen Kosten zu schaffen. Dieses Ziel wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch erreicht, dass die Sichtschenkel der in benachbarten Stapeln aufgebauten Bauelemente quer zur Stapelrichtung ineinandergreifen, und dass die aufeinandergestapelten Bauelemente durch in Stapelrichtung ineinandergreifende Elemente aneinander gesichert sind. Durch das Ineinandergreifen der Sichtschenkel werden nebeneinanderliegende Stapel von Bauelementen verbunden, was die Stabilität erhöht. Die Bauelemente liegen im Abstand übereinander und sind relativ flach und leicht. Die im Abstand übereinander, im gestützten Erdreich liegenden Verankerungsschenkel, ergeben eine besonders wirksame Verankerung.It is the aim of the present invention to create a support structure of high stability by means of light, loosely stackable components at low costs. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the viewing legs of the components built up in adjacent stacks engage in one another transversely to the stacking direction, and in that the stacked components are secured to one another by elements which interlock in the stacking direction. The interlocking of the viewing legs connects adjacent stacks of components, which increases stability. The components are spaced one above the other and are relatively flat and light. The anchoring legs, one above the other, in the supported soil, result in a particularly effective anchoring.

Diese Verankerung kann dabei dadurch erhöht werden, dass zwischen die Verankerungsschenkel im Erdreich weitere Elemente als Lagebretter eingetegt werden.This anchoring can be increased by inserting further elements as bed boards between the anchoring legs in the ground.

Der erfindungsgemässe Satz von Bauelementen ist gekennzeichnet durch flache, stern- oder T-förmige Bauelemente, die ausgehend von einem Mittelpunkt in an sich bekannter Weise zwei Sichtschenkel und mindestens einen oder gegebenenfalls keinen Verankerungsschenkel aufweisen, wobei die Bauelemente zur Aufnahme von Nocken oder Verbindungslementen dienen und Vertiefungen zur verschiebungssichereren Stapelung aufweisen. Dieser Satz von Bauelementen dient vorzugsweise zur Erstellung von Stützbauwerken der oben beschriebenen Art, kann aber auch zu anderen Zwecken dienen. So können im Abstand voneinander stehende Stapel von Bauelementen oder einzelne Bauelemente zur Hangsicherung dienen. Die Elemente können auch rein dekorativen Zwecken dienen.The set of components according to the invention is characterized by flat, star-shaped or T-shaped components which, starting from a center point, have two viewing legs and at least one or possibly no anchoring legs in a manner known per se, the components serving to accommodate cams or connecting elements and Have recesses for more secure displacement stacking. This set of components is preferably used to create support structures of the type described above, but can also be used for other purposes. For example, stacks of components or individual components that are spaced apart can serve to secure the slope. The elements can also serve purely decorative purposes.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung, die Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Stützbauwerks zeigt, näher erläutert:

  • Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Stützbauwerk im Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt das erste Stützbauwerk in Draufsicht, in etwas kleinerem Masstab,
  • Fig. 3 zeigt eine Vorderansicht des ersten Stützbauwerks,
  • Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen erste Bauelemente in Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 6 zeigt schematisch eine Draufsicht auf eine Ecke eines Stützbauwerks.
  • Fig. 7 und 8 zeigen ein zweites Stützbauwerk in Vorderansicht bzw. in Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 9 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine Ausführungsvariante des zweiten Stützbauwerks und
  • Fig. 10 und 11 zeigen weitere Ausführungsvarianten in Draufsicht.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows exemplary embodiments of the support structure according to the invention:
  • 1 shows a first supporting structure in cross section,
  • 2 shows the first supporting structure in plan view, on a somewhat smaller scale,
  • 3 shows a front view of the first supporting structure,
  • 4 and 5 show first components in plan view,
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a top view of a corner of a support structure.
  • 7 and 8 show a second support structure in front view and in plan view,
  • Fig. 9 shows a section through an embodiment of the second support structure and
  • 10 and 11 show further variants in plan view.

Die in den Figuren 1-3 dargestellte Stützmauer dient der Abstützung einer Aufschüttung 1, auf dem durch eine strichpunktierte Linie 2 angedeuteten, gewachsenen Terrain. Die Stützmauer besteht aus miteinander gekuppelten Stapeln von flachen Bauelementen. Jeder Stapel besteht zur Hauptsache aus sternförmigen Grundelementen 3, von welchen jedes von einem Knotenpunkt 4 ausgehende Schenkel aufweist. Es handelt sich dabei um je zwei Sichtschenkel 5 und einen im aufgeschütteten Material bzw. im Bereiche des Aushubs des gewachsenen Terrains liegenden Verankerungsschenkel 6. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um gleichmässige Sterne, d.h. die Schenkel weisen gleiche Länge auf und schliessen je einen Winkel von 120° zwischen einander ein.The retaining wall shown in FIGS. 1-3 serves to support a fill 1 on the grown terrain indicated by a dash-dotted line 2. The retaining wall consists of stacks of flat components coupled together. Each stack mainly consists of star-shaped basic elements 3, each of which has legs extending from a node 4. These are two viewing legs 5 and one anchoring leg 6 lying in the heaped-up material or in the area of excavation of the grown terrain. The exemplary embodiment shown is a uniform star, i.e. the legs have the same length and each form an angle of 120 ° between them.

Die Grundelemente 3 weisen im Knotenpunkt 4 und am Ende des Verankerungsschenkels 6 einen zylindrischen Nocken 7 gleicher Höhe, und an den Enden der Sichtschenkel 5 je einen niedrigeren zylindrischen Nocken 8 auf. Diese Nocken 7 und 8 sind so bemessen, dass sie in kreisförmige, flache Ausnehmungen 9 an der Oberseite der Knotenpunkte 4 und der Schenkelenden eingreifen können. Aus noch zu erläuternden Gründen greifen die Nocken mit etwas Spiel in die Vertiefungen, wobei dieses Spiel an den Sichtschenkein etwas grösser ist als in den Knotenpunkten und den Verankerungsschenkeln. Im Bereiche aller Nocken 7 und 8 sind durchgehende Löcher 10 vorgesehen, die gemäss Fig. 1 dazu dienen können, Verankerungspfähle 11 einzuführen. Anstelle des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Verankerungspfahls könnte auch ein längerer Pfahl vorgesehen sein, welcher am oberen Ende des Stapels mit Gewinde versehen ist, so dass der Stapel mittels einer Mutter vorgespannt werden kann.The basic elements 3 have a cylindrical cam 7 of the same height at the node 4 and at the end of the anchoring leg 6, and a lower cylindrical cam 8 at each end of the viewing leg 5. These cams 7 and 8 are dimensioned such that they can engage in circular, flat recesses 9 on the top of the nodes 4 and the leg ends. For reasons yet to be explained, the cams engage with a little play in the recesses, this play being a little larger on the viewing legs than in the nodes and the anchoring legs. In the areas of al Through cams 7 and 8, through holes 10 are provided which, according to FIG. 1, can serve to introduce anchoring piles 11. Instead of the anchoring pile shown in FIG. 1, a longer pile could also be provided, which is threaded at the upper end of the stack, so that the stack can be pretensioned by means of a nut.

Am oberen und unteren Ende sind gleichartige Stütz- bzw. Deckelemente 12 vorgesehen, welche sich von den Grundelementen 3 lediglich dadurch unterscheiden, dass der Verankerungsschenkel 6 fehlt. Sie sind vor allem als Krone der Stützmauer erwünscht, weil dort unter Umständen ein Verankerungsschenkel nicht mehr in die Aufschüttung eingreift und somit zwecklos und ästhetisch unerwünscht ist.At the upper and lower ends, similar support or cover elements 12 are provided, which differ from the basic elements 3 only in that the anchoring leg 6 is missing. They are particularly desirable as the crown of the retaining wall because under certain circumstances an anchoring leg no longer engages in the fill and is therefore useless and aesthetically undesirable.

Wie die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen, kann die Stützmauer leicht gegen den Hang geneigt sein. Ist die Stützmauer ausserdem gemäss Fig. 2 leicht gewölbt, ergeben sich auf verschiedenen Höhen verschiedene Krümmungsradien, was wiederum bedingt, dass die gegenseitige Lage benachbarter Stapel nicht ganz genau dieselbe ist, d.h. im oberen Teil der Mauer liegen die Bauelemente benachbarter Stapel etwas näher beieinander als am unteren Ende. Diese Anpassung wird möglich dank der oben bereits erwähnten Tatsache, dass die Nocken der Sichtschenkel 5 in den Vertiefungen etwas Spiel, beispielsweise ein Spiel von 2 cm aufweisen.As Figures 1 and 2 show, the retaining wall can be slightly inclined against the slope. If the retaining wall is also slightly curved according to Fig. 2, different radii of curvature result at different heights, which in turn means that the mutual position of adjacent stacks is not exactly the same, i.e. In the upper part of the wall, the components of adjacent stacks are slightly closer together than at the lower end. This adjustment is possible thanks to the fact that the cams of the viewing legs 5 have some play in the depressions, for example a play of 2 cm.

Fig. 6 zeigt schematisch wie eine Ecke im Stützbauwerk gebildet werden kann. Ausser den bereits beschriebenen Grundelementen 3 sind gerade Elemente 13 vorgesehen, die an den Enden Nocken 8 und Vertiefungen 9 aufweisen, und somit zwischen die Sichtschenkel der Grundelemente eingebaut werden können. Es wäre allerdings auch möglich, die Ecke mit anderen Elementen zu konstruieren, beispielsweise ausschliesslich mit Grundelementen oder aber unter Zwischenschaltung von Boden- oder Eckelementen gemäss Fig. 5.Fig. 6 shows schematically how a corner can be formed in the support structure. In addition to the basic elements 3 already described, straight elements 13 are provided which have cams 8 and depressions 9 at the ends and can thus be installed between the viewing legs of the basic elements. However, it would also be possible to construct the corner with other elements, for example exclusively with basic elements or with the interposition of floor or corner elements according to FIG. 5.

Der dargestellte Satz von Bauelementen kann nicht nur zur Herstellung fortlaufender Stützbauwerke, also insbesondere Stützmauern verwendet werden, sondern es können einzelne Stapel von Elementen im Abstand voneinander ganz im Erdreich eingelassen als Hangsicherung vorgesehen sein. Eine solche Hangsicherung kann vor allem nach erfolgten Erdrutschen rasch und preisgünstig hergestellt werden, worauf das abgerutschte Material zurücktransportiert werden kann. Besondere Bohr- oder Aushubarbeiten sind dabei kaum erforderlich, weil die einzelnen Stapel mittels Ankerpfählen gesichert werden können.The set of components shown can not only be used for the production of continuous supporting structures, that is to say in particular retaining walls, but individual stacks of elements can be provided at a distance from one another completely embedded in the ground as slope protection. Such slope protection can be produced quickly and inexpensively, especially after landslides have taken place, after which the slipped material can be transported back. Special drilling or excavation work is hardly necessary because the individual stacks can be secured using anchor piles.

Es sind verschiedene Ausführungsvariationen möglich. So kann der Winkel zwischen den Sichtschenkeln 5 geringer gewählt werden. Zur Herstellung einer Stützmauer mit ebener Sichtfläche könnten beispielsweise T-förmige Grundelemente eingesetzt werden. Gegebenenfalls könnten auch die Verankerungsschenkel 6 etwas länger ausgeführt werden als die Sichtschenkel 5. Es könnten auch Elemente vorhanden sein, welche ausser zwei Sichtschenkeln zwei einen spitzen Winkel einschliessende Verankerungsschenkel aufweisen.Different design variations are possible. The angle between the viewing legs 5 can thus be chosen to be smaller. For example, T-shaped basic elements could be used to produce a retaining wall with a flat visible surface. If necessary, the anchoring legs 6 could also be made somewhat longer than the viewing legs 5. There could also be elements which, in addition to two viewing legs, have two anchoring legs which enclose an acute angle.

Die Fig. 7 und 8 zeigen eine Ausführungsform, die weitgehend den oben beschriebenen entspricht. Entsprechende Teile sind gleich bezeichnet wie in den vorhergehenden Figuren. Der wesentliche Unterschied besteht darin, dass die sternförmigen Bauelemente 3' keine vorstehenden Nocken aufweisen, sondern nur noch Vertiefungen 9. Anstelle der Nocken 7 und 8 sind separate zylindrische Verbindungselemente 13 und 14 vorgesehen, welche in die Vertiefungen 9 greifen und damit die Bauelemente 3 in den Stapeln stützen bzw. die Stapel an den ineinandergreifenden Sichtschenkeln gegenseitig sichern. Die Verbindungselemente 13 sind dabei höher als die Verbindungselemente 14. Alle Verbindungselemente weisen einen axialen Kanal auf, durch welchen ein Pfahl zur Verankerung im Erdreich bzw. zur zusätzlichen Stabilisierung des Stapels durchgesteckt werden kann. Die Enden der Schenkel 5 und 6 sind so geformt, dass sich die Enden der gestapelten Sichtschenkel sechseckartig bündig überdecken wie Fig. 8 zeigt. An bestimmten Stellen kann anstelle eines Bauelementes 3' ein zweischenkliges Bauelement 12' eingesetzt sein, dessen einer Schenkel als Sichtschenkel vorne liegt, während sein zweiter Schenkel als Verankerungsschenkel im Erdreich liegt. Es entsteht damit eine Lücke 15, die z.B. zur Bepflanzung mit einer grösseren Pflanze dienen kann. Die Herstellung wird erheblich vereinfacht, wenn nur noch quasi flache Elemente 3' und 12' mit flachen Vertiefungen 9 einerseits und zylindrische Verbindungselemente 13 und 14 anderseits hergestellt werden müssen anstatt der Elemente 3 mit ungleich langen vorstehenden Nocken. Es wird insbesondere wesentlich einfacher, Sätze von Verbindungselementen 13 und 14 unterschiedlicher, abgestimmter Höhe bereitzustellen, und damit den vertikalen Abstand zwischen benachbarten Bauelementen 3' bzw. 12' vorzubestimmen. Im Grenzfall können z.B. für Uferbauten die Bauelemente 3' ohne Abstand verlegt werden, in welchem Falle Verbindungselemente vorzusehen sind, deren Höhe nur noch der doppelten Tiefe der Vertiefungen 9 entspricht.7 and 8 show an embodiment which largely corresponds to that described above. Corresponding parts are designated the same as in the previous figures. The main difference is that the star-shaped components 3 'do not have any protruding cams, but only recesses 9. Instead of the cams 7 and 8, separate cylindrical connecting elements 13 and 14 are provided, which engage in the recesses 9 and thus the components 3 in support the stacks or secure the stacks to each other on the interlocking viewing legs. The connecting elements 13 are higher than the connecting elements 14. All connecting elements have an axial channel through which a pile can be inserted for anchoring in the ground or for additional stabilization of the stack. The ends of the legs 5 and 6 are shaped in such a way that the ends of the stacked viewing legs overlap in a hexagonal manner, as shown in FIG. 8. At certain points, a two-leg component 12 'can be used instead of a component 3', one leg of which is located at the front as a viewing leg, while its second leg is located in the ground as an anchoring leg. This creates a gap 15 which e.g. can be used for planting with a larger plant. The production is considerably simplified if only quasi-flat elements 3 'and 12' with flat recesses 9 on the one hand and cylindrical connecting elements 13 and 14 on the other have to be produced instead of the elements 3 with projecting cams of unequal length. In particular, it becomes much easier to provide sets of connecting elements 13 and 14 of different, coordinated heights, and thus to predetermine the vertical distance between adjacent components 3 'and 12'. In the borderline case e.g. for bank structures, the components 3 'are laid without spacing, in which case connecting elements are to be provided, the height of which only corresponds to twice the depth of the depressions 9.

Wie in Fig. 7 und 8 in strichpunktierten Linien angedeutet, können obere Abschlusselemente 16 vorgesehen sein, die im Ganzen den Elementen 12' ähnlich ausgeführt sind, jedoch nur einseitig in der Mitte eine Vertiefung 9 zur Aufnahme eines Verbindungselementes 14 aufweisen. Unter die Enden der Schenkel dieser Abschlusselemente werden lose Distanzelemente 17 gelegt.As indicated in dash-dotted lines in FIGS. 7 and 8, upper end elements 16 can be provided, which are similar to elements 12 'as a whole, but only have a recess 9 in the center on one side for receiving a connecting element 14. Loose spacer elements 17 are placed under the ends of the legs of these end elements.

Die Fig. 9 zeigt eine Ausführungsvariante eines niedrigen Stützbauwerks, das weitgehend aus Elementen 12' aufgebaut ist. Nur an einer Stelle ist eine Element 3' eingesetzt, um eine gewisse Verankerung zu erreichen. Es könnte jedoch auch überhaupt kein Element 3' mit Verankerungsschenkel vorhanden sein oder aber es können mehr solche Elemente vorgesehen sein.FIG. 9 shows an embodiment variant of a low supporting structure, which is largely constructed from elements 12 '. An element 3 'is only inserted at one point in order to achieve a certain anchoring. However, there could also be no element 3 'with anchoring leg at all, or more such elements could be provided.

Die Figuren 10 und 11 zeigen Ausführungsvarianten mit zusätzlicher Verankerung. Gemäss Fig. 10 sind auf bestimmten Niveaus mit den Verankerungsschenkeln der Elemente 3' Elemente 12' gekuppelt, die eine zusätzliche Verankerung bewirken. Noch wirksamer kann diese zusätzliche Verankerung gestaltet werden, wenn gemäss Fig. 11 auf gewissen Niveaus mit den Verankerungsschenkeln der vorderen Elemente 3' wiederum Elemente 3' gekuppelt sind.Figures 10 and 11 show variants with additional anchoring. 10, elements 12 'are coupled at certain levels to the anchoring legs of the elements 3', which bring about an additional anchoring. This additional anchoring can be made even more effective if, according to FIG. 11, elements 3 'are in turn coupled to the anchoring legs of the front elements 3' at certain levels.

Die dargestellten und beschriebenen Bauelemente werden zwar vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Stützbauwerken zur Aufnahme seitlicher Drücke eingesetzt, sie können aber auch zur Herstellung tragender Bauwerke wie Sockel, Stützen und dergleichen verwendet werden. Selbstverständlich können auch Bauwerke erstellt werden, die zugleich tragende und seitlich stützende Funktion haben.The components shown and described are preferably used for the production of support structures for receiving lateral pressures, but they can also be used for the production of load-bearing structures such as bases, supports and the like. Of course, buildings can also be created that have both a supporting and laterally supporting function.

Claims (10)

1. Retaining structure with construction elements of the same kind, prefabricated and stacked, said elements being provided with branches extending from a center, two of said branches being visible branches (5) and, as it so happens, one of said branches being an anchoring branch (6), all branches of the stacked construction elements being supported one upon the other, wherein
said visible branches (5) of the construction elements (3,3') stacked in neighbouring piles of elements interlock transversely with respect of the piling up direction and wherein the stacked construction elements (3,3') are secured among themselves by elements (7,8,13,14), respectively (9) interlocking in the piling up direction.
2. Structure according to claim 1, wherein
said interlocking elements are catches (7,8) formed on the construction elements (3,3') or separate connecting elements (13,14), respectively recesses (9).
3. Structure according to claim 2, wherein said catches (7,8) or said connecting elements (13,14) are higher than said recesses (9) for providing a spacing between said branches of the stacked construction elements (3,3').
4. Structure according to any one of the claims 1-3, wherein
said visible branches (5) comprise catches (8) shorter than those of the anchoring branches (6), respectively that the connecting elements (14) provided between the visible branches are shorter than those between the anchoring branches.
5. Structure according to anyone of the claims 1-4, wherein
said catches (7,8), respectively said connecting elements (13,14) interlock with a clearance at least in the recesses of the visible branches.
6. Structure according to any one of the claims 1-5, wherein
construction elements (12) having only two visible branches (5) are also provided.
7. Structure according to anyone of the claims 1-6, wherein
said construction elements (37) comprise through holes (10) in which anchoring posts embedded in the ground are engaged.
8. Structure according to any one of the claims 1-7, wherein
said anchoring branches (6) of at least part of the construction elements (3,3') are coupled with construction elements (3,3',12,12') of the same kind for improving the anchorage.
9. Set of construction elements for the erection of structures according to claim 1, wherein said set comprises flat, star or T-shaped construction elements (3,3',12,12') comprising two visible branches (5) and at least one or, as it so happens, no one anchoring branch (6), said branches extending in a well known manner from a center, said construction elements being used for receiving catches (7,8) or connecting elements (13,14) and comprising recesses for securing the stack against the displacement of the construction elements.
10. Set according to claim 9, wherein
in relation with the construction elements (3',12') having flat and parallel front faces and flat recesses (9), there is provided sets of connecting elements (13,14) having different heights and matched by pairs for permitting to stack the construction elements with different mutual spacings.
EP79810054A 1978-06-30 1979-06-21 Retaining construction and set of construction elements for its erection Expired EP0006828B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79810054T ATE139T1 (en) 1978-06-30 1979-06-21 SUPPORTING STRUCTURE AND SET OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH715978A CH631508A5 (en) 1978-06-30 1978-06-30 SET OF COMPONENTS AND USE OF THE SAME TO CREATE A SUPPORT STRUCTURE.
CH7159/78 1978-06-30

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EP0006828A1 EP0006828A1 (en) 1980-01-09
EP0006828B1 true EP0006828B1 (en) 1981-08-05

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AT (1) ATE139T1 (en)
CH (1) CH631508A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2960576D1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3677778D1 (en) * 1986-12-31 1991-04-04 Willi Steiner SET OF COMPONENTS AND USE THEREOF.
IT1256048B (en) * 1992-10-30 1995-11-21 STRUCTURE WITH PREFORMED COLLABORATIVE MODULAR ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD OR RAILWAY RELIEF AND PROCEDURE
DE202006007519U1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2007-09-13 Bodensohn, Karl Heinz Room lattice wall for use as backfillable and greenable supporting and noise protection walls
CN105756083B (en) * 2016-03-24 2018-02-16 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 High retaining wall structure

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2149957A (en) * 1938-05-16 1939-03-07 Orley H Dawson Cribbing
US3269125A (en) * 1963-11-21 1966-08-30 George R Moore Hillside stabilizing construction
CH424649A (en) * 1965-11-17 1966-11-15 J Staempfli Alexandre Construction process for dikes
CH602965A5 (en) * 1975-11-17 1978-08-15 Rolf Scheiwiller

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CH631508A5 (en) 1982-08-13
ATE139T1 (en) 1981-08-15
DE2960576D1 (en) 1981-11-05
EP0006828A1 (en) 1980-01-09

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