EP0004306B1 - Circuitry for excess current protection of electronic sending and receiving devices - Google Patents

Circuitry for excess current protection of electronic sending and receiving devices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0004306B1
EP0004306B1 EP79100651A EP79100651A EP0004306B1 EP 0004306 B1 EP0004306 B1 EP 0004306B1 EP 79100651 A EP79100651 A EP 79100651A EP 79100651 A EP79100651 A EP 79100651A EP 0004306 B1 EP0004306 B1 EP 0004306B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
transmitting
current
transistor
switching transistor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79100651A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0004306A2 (en
EP0004306A3 (en
Inventor
Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Schuhbauer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0004306A2 publication Critical patent/EP0004306A2/en
Publication of EP0004306A3 publication Critical patent/EP0004306A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0264Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines
    • H04L25/028Arrangements specific to the transmitter end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0826Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0264Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines
    • H04L25/0292Arrangements specific to the receiver end
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0264Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines
    • H04L25/0272Arrangements for coupling to multiple lines, e.g. for differential transmission

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for protecting electronic transmitting and receiving devices against overcurrents in systems of direct current telegraphy.
  • the switching transistor used as the transmitting switching means which switches the peak current occurring during normal operation, is also controlled to saturation in the event of a fault.
  • a high control current is then required for the switching transistor, which is generated either via a special additional circuit or via an additional amplifier stage. Because of the strong overdriving of the switching transistor, however, not only is the switching behavior deteriorated, which has an effect on the transmission speed and leads to distortions of the characters to be transmitted, but a high voltage drop also occurs in normal operation. If an additional amplifier is used, an additional auxiliary voltage is required to operate the amplifier, which in many cases is also potential-free, i.e. must be made available via a galvanically isolated feed.
  • an additional safety circuit for the transmitting and receiving devices can finally also be used (DE - A - 2 360 689).
  • Such an electronic fuse circuit is based on the use of a threshold circuit which responds to a predetermined overcurrent and thus identifies the faulty state and switches off the current.
  • the fuse circuit is switched on again at appropriately selected time intervals and, if the normal state has not yet been established, quickly switched off again.
  • the change between switching the fuse circuit on and off is then repeated, the pulse duty factor being fixed in such a way that the switching transistor in the transmitting device itself is not overloaded.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for the protection of electronic transmitting and receiving devices against overcurrent for systems of the direct current high-level connection technology, which neither requires a fuse nor a predetermined breaking point in the receiving device and which permits the control of the switching transistor in the transmitting device without additional circuits, as previously mentioned.
  • the invention is based on the fact that both the receiving device and the transmitting device are each dimensioned in such a way that they can sustain a medium overcurrent, and at any rate a higher overcurrent for a short time.
  • the solution according to the invention consists in that, to protect the receiving device, a PTC thermistor lying in one core of the connecting line and a linear resistor connected in parallel with it, and to protect the transmitting device, an additional resistor arranged in the collector circuit of the switching transistor on the transmitting side and one of the collector-base path of the switching transistor parallel auxiliary transistor of opposite conductivity type is provided, which can be controlled by the voltage drop across the resistor and via which an additional base current for the switching transistor is generated when an overcurrent flows on the connecting line.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is intended for use in a system for single-current operation and for a four-wire connection line with a two-wire transmission line SL and a two-wire receive line EL.
  • the switching transistor T1 is shown here, which is controlled in a manner not described in more detail via its base connection by the transmission data SD.
  • the characters arriving via the receiving line EL are passed on as receiving data ED to a receiving device, also not shown.
  • the receiving device can tolerate a medium overcurrent continuously and a higher overcurrent for a short time.
  • a PTC thermistor Rk is arranged in each wire of the transmission line SL and the reception line EL, to which a linear resistor Rp is connected in parallel.
  • This arrangement alone has the essential advantage over the conventional use of a PTC thermistor that even after a single occurrence of a current exceeding the normal value, that is to say when there is a single occurrence of overcurrent, the arrangement continues to be operable even without additional measures after the end of such a fault. While with the use of a PTC thermistor without bridging by a resistor to resume operation after the one-time occurrence of an overcurrent, the line usually has to be interrupted manually for a longer period of time, the arrangement according to the invention approximately regulates the current, without how with other control or limiting shades, after restoring normal operation, a high residual resistance remains in the circuit.
  • the arrangement of the PTC thermistor Rk bridged with a linear resistor Rp in the transmitting line SL only brings the desired success if the transmitting device itself is of large dimensions.
  • an auxiliary transistor T2 of opposite conductivity type is provided between the base and the collector of the switching transistor T1 in the collector terminal of the switching transistor T1 and between the base and the collector of the switching transistor T1.
  • the auxiliary transistor T2 is controlled via the voltage drop across the resistor R1. In normal operation, the voltage drop across resistor R1 is so small that auxiliary transistor T2 is blocked.
  • the switching transistor T1 is controlled solely by the transmission data SD, with the control current only having to ensure a reliable control of the switching transistor T1 in normal operation.
  • the switching transistor T1 now additionally receives a high base current, which reliably converts it to the saturation state and keeps it there. It is thus achieved with the arrangement according to the invention that the high control currents required to control the switching transistor into the saturated state are generated with a simple circuit arrangement only during the flow of overcurrent. If the overcurrent drops again, the switching transistor T1 can be controlled normally again and the protective function of the arrangement is fully available again.
  • the switching edges generated by the control of the switching transistor T1 can be flattened with the aid of a capacitor C1 connected between the base connections of the auxiliary transistor T2 and the switching transistor T1.
  • a capacitor C1 connected between the base connections of the auxiliary transistor T2 and the switching transistor T1.
  • the protection circuit for the transmitter can, as shown in Fig. 2, be further improved by providing a further resistor R2 and / or an additional RC element R3 C2 in the emitter terminal of the auxiliary transistor T2, with which a response delay of the protective function can be achieved is.
  • the mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 is the same as has already been explained with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the auxiliary transistor T2 is always switched to the conductive state via the voltage drop across the resistor R1 when the current flowing on the transmission line has reached a certain value above the normal value.
  • the resistor R2 With the help of the resistor R2, however, the current distribution in the two branches of the arrangement and thus also the base current of the switching transistor T1 can be influenced in the event of an overcurrent being eaten.
  • the control of the auxiliary transistor T2 from the blocked state in normal operation to the conductive state in the event of a fault is effective in a manner known per se.
  • FIG. 3 An example of this is shown in FIG. 3.
  • two arrangements for protecting the transmitting device each consisting of a switching transistor and an auxiliary transistor which can be controlled via the resistor in the collector circuit of the switching transistor, are connected in parallel, while in this case the polarity dependence is protected by a for protecting the receiving device Rectifier bridge circuit is reached.
  • 3 contains two switching transistors T11 and T12 of opposite conductivity type, two resistors R11 and R12 and two auxiliary transistors T21 and T22 of the conductivity type which is opposite to that of the switching transistor assigned to them.
  • the switching transistors T11 and T12 are controlled in a polarity-dependent manner by the transmission data SD, while in the event of an overcurrent via the two auxiliary transistors T21 and T22, the additional base current for the two switching transistors T11 and T12 is generated in the manner described.
  • the arrangement Via the diodes D11 and D 12, which are transparent in each case for one of the two current directions, the arrangement is connected to a vein of Sendeleitun g SL, In the embodiment, also, the PTC Rk and bridging it resistor Rp is placed in this vein.
  • the protective circuit shown with transistors of opposite conductivity type connected in parallel for the transmitting device does not require a rectifier bridge circuit for the switching transistors and therefore avoids the higher voltage drop occurring in arrangements with rectifier bridge circuits.
  • the rectifier bridge circuit B is provided in the receive line EL, at which the connections for delivering the received data ED and the two wires of the receive line EL are connected at opposite switching points, the PTC thermistor Rk bridged by the resistor Rp being arranged in one of these two wires .

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz elektronischer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtungen gegen Überströme in Anlagen der Gleichstromtelegrafietechnik.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for protecting electronic transmitting and receiving devices against overcurrents in systems of direct current telegraphy.

Herkömmliche mit mechanischen Kontaken bzw. mit elektromagnetischen Empfangsschaltungen ausgerüstete Sende- bzw. Empfangseinrichtungen in Anlagen der Gleichstromtelegrafietechnik können derart dimensioniert werden, daß sie auch Ströme, die wesentlich über einen während des normalen Betriebs üblichen Wert antsteigen, zumindest so lange ohne nennenswerte Beschädigung aushalten können, bis ein Grobschutz, beispielsweise eine thermische Sicherung, anspricht. Sie stellen somit in der Regel recht robuste Geräte dar. In Anlagen mit solchen Geräten auf der Sende-und der Empfangsseite ist es deshalb ausreichend, den Stromfluß auf einen Stromwert zu begrenzen, der wesentlich über dem Normalwert liegt und ergänzend dazu lediglich Sicherungen vorzusehen, die nach einiger Zeit auf die Stromerhöhung ansprechen und dann den Stromfluß unterbrechen. Die Anwendung dieses Prinzips bedeutet, daß eine Strombegrenzerschaltung für eine sehr hohe Dauerverlustleistung ausgelegt werden muß. Geht man beispielsweise davon aus, daß in Anlagen der sogenannten Gleichstrom-Hochpegel-Telegrafietechnik mit Strömen zwischen 10 und 60 mA und mit Spannungen zwischen 48 V und 240 V gearbeitet wird und geht man weiter davon aus, daß der Wert für den Begrenzungsstrom 100 mA betragen darf, so ergibt sich z.B. bei einer Spannung von 120 V eine Dauerverlustleistung für die Begrenzerschaltung von 12 W. Einrichtungen, die eine derart hohe Dauerverlustleistung vertragen können, erfordern einen erheblichen Aufwand. Wird jedoch der Wert für den Begrenzungsstrom kleiner gewählt, so ergeben sich einerseits Toleranzprobleme und andererseits nehmen die Verzerrungen bei der Übertragung zu, da die Leitungskapazität dann zu langsam umgeladen wird. Im zuletzt erwähnten Fall sind dann weitere komplizierte Schaltungen erforderlich, die diese Nachteile ausgleichen.Conventional transmitters or receivers in systems of direct current telegraph technology equipped with mechanical contacts or with electromagnetic receiving circuits can be dimensioned in such a way that they can also withstand currents that rise significantly above a normal value during normal operation, at least for as long as they are without significant damage. until a coarse protection, for example a thermal fuse, responds. As a rule, they therefore represent quite robust devices. In systems with such devices on the transmitting and receiving sides, it is therefore sufficient to limit the current flow to a current value which is substantially above the normal value and, in addition, only to provide fuses which after some time respond to the current increase and then interrupt the current flow. The application of this principle means that a current limiter circuit must be designed for a very high permanent power loss. For example, if it is assumed that in systems of the so-called direct current high-level telegraphy technology, currents between 10 and 60 mA and voltages between 48 V and 240 V are used, and it is further assumed that the value for the limiting current is 100 mA may result, for example at a voltage of 120 V, a permanent power loss for the limiter circuit of 12 W. Devices that can withstand such a high power loss require considerable effort. However, if the value for the limiting current is chosen to be smaller, tolerance problems arise on the one hand and the distortions during transmission increase on the other hand, since the line capacity is then reloaded too slowly. In the latter case, further complicated circuits are required to compensate for these disadvantages.

Neben der Begrenzung des Stromes gibt es weiterhin die Möglichkeit, die Sende- und Empfangseinrichtungen selbst in Richtung größerer Robustheit zu dimensionieren. Das gelingt zunächst für eine elektronische Empfangseinrichtung in der Weise, daß beispielsweise ein hochbelastbarer Meßwiderstand vorgesehen wird, der dann jedoch konstruktiv in einer solchen Weise in die Schaltung einzufügen ist, daß keine unzulässige Erwärmung der elektronischen Bauelemente deren Arbeitsweise beeinträchtigt. Gelingt das, so kann davon ausgegangen werden, daß ebenso wie in Empfangseinrichtungen mit elektromagnetischen Bauelementen bei höheren Strömen vor der Zerstörung der Empfangseinrichtung eine Sicherung auslöst. Derartige Anordnungen haben allerdings den Nachteil, daß sie nur dort eingesetzt werden können, wo Sicherungen vorgesehen sind. Bei Standverbindungen und in Anlagen, die in Abrufbetrieb arbeiten, sind jedoch sehr oft keine solchen Sicherungen vorgesehen. Für diesen Fall muß weiterhin eine zusätzliche Sollbruchstelle vorgesehen sein, an der bei länger andauerndem hohen Überstrom dann der Stromkreis unterbrochen wird. Fehlerhafte Anschaltungen, die relativ häufig vorkommen, führen dann zur Unterbrechung an der Sollbruchstelle.In addition to limiting the current, there is also the possibility of dimensioning the transmitting and receiving devices themselves in the direction of greater robustness. This is initially possible for an electronic receiving device in such a way that, for example, a heavy-duty measuring resistor is provided, which, however, must then be inserted into the circuit in such a way that no inadmissible heating of the electronic components impairs its functioning. If this succeeds, it can be assumed that, just as in receiving devices with electromagnetic components, a fuse is triggered at higher currents before the receiving device is destroyed. However, such arrangements have the disadvantage that they can only be used where fuses are provided. However, no such safeguards are very often provided for stand-by connections and in systems that work on demand. In this case, an additional predetermined breaking point must also be provided, at which the circuit is then interrupted in the event of a long overcurrent. Faulty connections, which occur relatively frequently, then lead to an interruption at the predetermined breaking point.

Um eine Sendeeinrichtung mit elektronischen Bauelementen für Normalwerte hinausgehende Ströme relativ unempfindlich zu machen, besteht die Möglichkeit, daß der als Sendeschaltmittel verwendete Schalttransistor, der den im Normalbetrieb auftretenden Spitzenstrom schaltet, auch im Fehlerfall bis in die Sättigung gesteuert wird. Allerdings ist dann ein hoher Steuerstrom für den Schalttransistor erforderlich, der entweder über eine besondere Zusatzschaltung oder über eine zusätzliche Verstärkerstufe erzeugt wird. Wegen der starken Übersteuerung des Schalttransistors wird jedoch nicht nur das Schaltverhalten verschlechtert, was sich auf die Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit, auswirkt und zu Verzerrungen der zu übertragenden Zeichen führt, sondern es tritt auch im Normalbetrieb ein hoher Spannungssabfall auf. Wird ein zusätzlicher Verstärker verwendet, so ist eine zusätzliche Hilfsspannung für den Betrieb des Verstärkers erforderlich, die in vielen Fällen darüber hinaus auch noch potentialfrei, d.h. über eine galvanisch getrennte Zuführung zur Verfügung gestellt werden muß.In order to make a transmitting device with electronic components relatively insensitive to currents going beyond normal values, there is the possibility that the switching transistor used as the transmitting switching means, which switches the peak current occurring during normal operation, is also controlled to saturation in the event of a fault. However, a high control current is then required for the switching transistor, which is generated either via a special additional circuit or via an additional amplifier stage. Because of the strong overdriving of the switching transistor, however, not only is the switching behavior deteriorated, which has an effect on the transmission speed and leads to distortions of the characters to be transmitted, but a high voltage drop also occurs in normal operation. If an additional amplifier is used, an additional auxiliary voltage is required to operate the amplifier, which in many cases is also potential-free, i.e. must be made available via a galvanically isolated feed.

Neben den erwähnten Möglichkeiten, nämlich zum einen Maßnahmen zur Strombegrenzung vorzusehen und zum anderen die Überlastbarkeit elektronischer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtungen zu erhöhen, kann schließlich auch eine zusätzliche Sicherungsschaltung für die Sende- unde die Empfangseinrichtung Anwendung finden (DE - A - 2 360 689). eine solche elektronische Sicherungsschaltung beruht auf der Verwendung einer Schwellwertschaltung, die bei einem vorgegebenen Überstrom anspricht und damit den fehlerhaften Zustand kennzeichnet und den Strom abschaltet. In passend gewählten Zeitintervallen wird die Sicherungsschaltung wieder eingeschaltet und, falls der Normalzustand noch nicht hergestellt ist, wieder schnell abgeschaltet. Der Wechsel zwischen Ein- und Ausschaltung der Sicherungsschaltung wiederholt sich dann, wobei das Tastverhältnis derart festgelegt ist, daß der Schalttransistor in der Sendeeinrichtung selbst nicht überlastet wird. Dieses Prinzip erfordert für Vierdrahtanschlußschaltungen einen Zusatzaufwand für die Bewertung des Stromes in der Sendeeinrichtung und einen Zusatzaufwand für die Abschaltung des Stromes in der Empfangseinrichtung. Darüberhinaus sind sowohl in der Sende- als in der Empfangseinrichtung jeweils Zeitschaltungen für ein intervallmäßiges Anschalten der Sicherungsschaltung vorzusehen, die diesen Aufwand weiter erhöhen. Um die Übertragungsgüte nicht zu beeinträchtigen, ist auch hier sicherzustellen, daß ein genügend hoher kapazitiver Ladestrom fließen kann, was bedeutet, daß der Schwellwert für die Überstrombewertung in der Sicherungsschaltung relativ hoch liegen muß. Das bedeutet dann aber, daß der Schalttransistor mit einem ziemlich hohen Basisstrom angesteuert werden muß, der wiederum über eine eigene Schaltanordnung bzw. eine eigene Verstärkerschaltung mit Hilfsspannung erzeugt werden muß.In addition to the possibilities mentioned, namely to provide measures for current limitation on the one hand and on the other hand to increase the overload capacity of electronic transmitting and receiving devices, an additional safety circuit for the transmitting and receiving devices can finally also be used (DE - A - 2 360 689). Such an electronic fuse circuit is based on the use of a threshold circuit which responds to a predetermined overcurrent and thus identifies the faulty state and switches off the current. The fuse circuit is switched on again at appropriately selected time intervals and, if the normal state has not yet been established, quickly switched off again. The change between switching the fuse circuit on and off is then repeated, the pulse duty factor being fixed in such a way that the switching transistor in the transmitting device itself is not overloaded. This principle for four-wire connection circuits requires additional effort for the evaluation of the current in the transmitting device and additional effort for switching off the current in the receiving device. In addition, timers for an intermittent activation of the fuse circuit are to be provided both in the transmitting and in the receiving device, which further increase this outlay. In order not to impair the transmission quality, it must also be ensured here that a sufficiently high capacitive charging current can flow, which means that the threshold value for the overcurrent evaluation in the fuse circuit must be relatively high. This then means, however, that the switching transistor must be driven with a fairly high base current, which in turn must be generated with its own switching arrangement or its own amplifier circuit with auxiliary voltage.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, für Anlagen der, Gleichstrom-Hochpegelanschlußtechnik eine Anordnung zum Schutz elektronischer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtungen gegen Überstrom anzugeben, die bei der Empfangseinrichtung weder eine Sicherung noch eine Sollbruchstelle erfordert und die es gestattet, bein der Sendeeinrichtung die Ansteuerung des Schalttransistors ohne zusätzliche Schaltungen, wie vorher erwähnt, zu ermöglichen. Dabei geht die Erfindung davon aus, daß sowohl die Empfangseinrichtung als auch die Sendeeinrichtung jeweils so dimensioniert sind, daß sie einen mittleren Überstrom dauernd, einen höheren Überstrom jedenfalls kurzzeitig ertragen können. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht darin, daß zum Schutz der Empfangseinrichtung ein in einer Ader der Anschlußleitung liegender Kaltleiter und ein diesem parallel geschalteter linearer Widerstand und zum Schutz der Sendeeinrichtung zusätzlich ein im Kollektorkreis des sendeseitigen Schalttransistors angeordneter Widerstand und ein der Kollektor-Basis-Strecke des Schalttransistors parallel liegender Hilfstransistor entgegengesetzen Leitfähigkeitstyps vorgese- hen ist, der durch den Spannungsabfall am Widerstand steuerbar ist und über den bei Fließen eines Überstroms auf der Anschlußleitung ein zusätzlicher Basisstrom für den Schalttransistor erzeugt wird.The object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for the protection of electronic transmitting and receiving devices against overcurrent for systems of the direct current high-level connection technology, which neither requires a fuse nor a predetermined breaking point in the receiving device and which permits the control of the switching transistor in the transmitting device without additional circuits, as previously mentioned. The invention is based on the fact that both the receiving device and the transmitting device are each dimensioned in such a way that they can sustain a medium overcurrent, and at any rate a higher overcurrent for a short time. The solution according to the invention consists in that, to protect the receiving device, a PTC thermistor lying in one core of the connecting line and a linear resistor connected in parallel with it, and to protect the transmitting device, an additional resistor arranged in the collector circuit of the switching transistor on the transmitting side and one of the collector-base path of the switching transistor parallel auxiliary transistor of opposite conductivity type is provided, which can be controlled by the voltage drop across the resistor and via which an additional base current for the switching transistor is generated when an overcurrent flows on the connecting line.

Zwar ist es in 3chattungsanordnungen zum Schutz elektronischer Einrichtungen an sich bekannt, den Spannungsabfall am Kollektorwiderstand eines Schalttransistors als Kriterium für die Einleitung einer Schutzmaßnahme heranzuziehen (FR - A - 15 29 927), doch ist der damit verbundene Aufwand beträchtlich. Ein Einsatz dieser Maßnahmen in Verbindung mit der Verwendung eines Kaltleiters ist nicht in Betracht gezogen worden.Although it is known per se in 3-shading arrangements for protecting electronic devices to use the voltage drop across the collector resistance of a switching transistor as a criterion for the initiation of a protective measure (FR-A-15 29 927), the effort involved is considerable. The use of these measures in conjunction with the use of a PTC thermistor has not been considered.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Further refinements of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Einzelheiten der enfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung sowie deren Wirkungsweise werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung für Einfachstrombetrieb erläutert.Details of the circuit arrangement according to the invention and its mode of operation are explained below with reference to the drawing for single-current operation.

Dort zeigt

  • Fig. 1 die in einer Vierdrahtanschlußleitung liegende Schutzschaltung für eine Sende- und eine Empfangseinrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Weiterbildung der Schutzschaltung für die Sendeeinrichtung und
  • Fig. 3 ein Beispiel für eine polungsunabhängige Schutzschaltung der Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung.
There shows
  • 1 shows the protective circuit for a transmitting and receiving device located in a four-wire connecting line,
  • Fig. 2 is a development of the protective circuit for the transmitter and
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a polarity-independent protection circuit of the transmitting and receiving device.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 ist zum Einsatz in einer Anlage für Einfachstrombetrieb und für eine vierardrige Anschlußleitung mit einer zweiadrigen Sendeleitung SL und einer zweiadrigen Empfangsleitung EL vorgesehen.The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is intended for use in a system for single-current operation and for a four-wire connection line with a two-wire transmission line SL and a two-wire receive line EL.

Von der Sendeeinrichtung ist hier lediglich der Schalttransistor T1 dargestellt, der in nicht näher beschriebener Weise über seinen Basisanschluß durch die Sendedaten SD gesteuert wird. Die über die Empfangsleitung EL eintreffenden Zeichen werden als Empfangsdaten ED an eine ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Empfangseinrichtung weitergegeben. Voraussetzungsgemäß kann die Empfangseinrichtung einen mittleren Überstrom dauernd und einen höheren Überstrom kurzzeitig vertragen. In jeweils einer Ader der Sendeleitung SL und der Empfangsleitung EL ist jeweils ein Kaltleiter Rk angeordnet, dem ein linearer Widerstand Rp parallel geschaltet ist. Diese Anordnung hat gegenüber dem herkömmlichen Einsatz eines Kaltleiters allein den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß auch nach einem einmaligen Auftreten eines den Normalwert übersteigenden Stromes, also bei einem einmaligen Auftreten von Überstrom, nach Beendigung einer solchen Störung die Anordnung auch ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen weiterhin betriebsfähig ist. Während mit dem Einsatz eines Kaltleiters ohne Überbrückung durch einen Widerstand zur Wiederaufnahme des Betriebs nach dem einmaligen Auftreten eines Uberstroms die Leitung für eine längere Zeitdauer in der Regel manuell unterbrochen werden muß, tritt mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung näherungsweise eine Regelung des Stromes ein, ohne daß wie bei anderen Regetungs- oder Begrenzungsschattungen, nach Wiederherstellung des Normalsbetriebs ein hoher Restwiderstand im Stromkreis verbleibt. Diese im vorhergehenden beschriebene Wirkungsweise sowie die technisch ohne nennenswerten Aufwand erreichbare Überlastbarkeit der Empfangseinrichtung, der dazu in an sich bekannter Weise ein hochbelastbarer Widerstand Rm vorgeschaltet ist, stellt für die Empfangseinrichtung einen ausreichenden Schutz dar. Für den Fall, daß die Empfangseinrichtung und/oder der Meßwiderstand Rm vor der Empfangseinrichtung wenig belastbar ist, kann bedarfsweise eine Zenerdiode ZD vorgesehen werden, die in Fig. 1 gestrichelt eingezeichnet wurde.From the transmitting device, only the switching transistor T1 is shown here, which is controlled in a manner not described in more detail via its base connection by the transmission data SD. The characters arriving via the receiving line EL are passed on as receiving data ED to a receiving device, also not shown. As a prerequisite, the receiving device can tolerate a medium overcurrent continuously and a higher overcurrent for a short time. A PTC thermistor Rk is arranged in each wire of the transmission line SL and the reception line EL, to which a linear resistor Rp is connected in parallel. This arrangement alone has the essential advantage over the conventional use of a PTC thermistor that even after a single occurrence of a current exceeding the normal value, that is to say when there is a single occurrence of overcurrent, the arrangement continues to be operable even without additional measures after the end of such a fault. While with the use of a PTC thermistor without bridging by a resistor to resume operation after the one-time occurrence of an overcurrent, the line usually has to be interrupted manually for a longer period of time, the arrangement according to the invention approximately regulates the current, without how with other control or limiting shades, after restoring normal operation, a high residual resistance remains in the circuit. This mode of operation described above, as well as the overloadability of the receiving device which can be achieved technically without any noteworthy outlay and which is preceded in a manner known per se by a high-resistance resistor Rm, provides adequate protection for the receiving device. In the event that the receiving device and / or the Measuring resistor Rm in front of the receiving device is not very resilient, a Zener diode ZD can be provided if necessary, which was shown in broken lines in FIG. 1.

Für die Sendeeinrichtung bringt die Anordnung des mit einem linearen Widerstand Rp überbrückten Kaltleiters Rk in der Sendeleitung SL nur dann den gewünschten Erfolg, wenn die Sendeeinrichtung selbst hoch dimensioniert wird. Aus diesem Grunde ist ein im Kollektoranschluß des Schalttransistors T1 liegender Widerstand R1 un zwischen der Basis und dem Kollektor des Schalttransistors T1 ein Hilfstransistor T2 entgegengesetzten Leitfähigkeitstyps vorgesehen. Die Steuerung des Hilfstransistors T2 erfolgt über den Spannungsabfall am Widerstand R1. Im Normalbetrieb ist der Spannungsabfall am Widerstand R1 so gering, daß der Hilfstransistor T2 gesperrt ist. In diesem Falle wird der Schalttransistor T1 allein durch die Sendedaten SD gesteuert, wobei in normalen Betrieb der Steuerstrom lediglich eine sichere Durchsteuerung des Schalttransistors T1 gewährleisten muß. Steigt der Strom dagegen auf einen unzulässigen hohen Wert an, so erhöht sich der Spannungsabfall am Widerstand R1 und der HilfstransistorT2 wird in den leitenden Zustand gesteuert. Dadurch erhält der Schalttransistor T1 nun zusätzlich einen hohen Basisstrom, der ihn sicher in den Sättigungszustand überführt und dort hält. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung wird somit erreicht, daß die zur Steuerung des Schalttransistors in den gesättigten Zustand erforderlichen hohen Steuerströme lediglich während des Fließens von Überstrom mit einer einfachen Schaltungsanordnung erzeugt werden. Sinkt der Überstrom wieder ab, wird der Schalttransistor T1 wieder normal steuerbar und die Schutzfunktion der Anordnung steht wieder voll zur Verfügung.For the transmitting device, the arrangement of the PTC thermistor Rk bridged with a linear resistor Rp in the transmitting line SL only brings the desired success if the transmitting device itself is of large dimensions. For this reason, an auxiliary transistor T2 of opposite conductivity type is provided between the base and the collector of the switching transistor T1 in the collector terminal of the switching transistor T1 and between the base and the collector of the switching transistor T1. The auxiliary transistor T2 is controlled via the voltage drop across the resistor R1. In normal operation, the voltage drop across resistor R1 is so small that auxiliary transistor T2 is blocked. In this case, the switching transistor T1 is controlled solely by the transmission data SD, with the control current only having to ensure a reliable control of the switching transistor T1 in normal operation. If, on the other hand, the current rises to an impermissibly high value, the voltage drop across the resistor R1 increases and the auxiliary transistor T2 is controlled to the conductive state. As a result, the switching transistor T1 now additionally receives a high base current, which reliably converts it to the saturation state and keeps it there. It is thus achieved with the arrangement according to the invention that the high control currents required to control the switching transistor into the saturated state are generated with a simple circuit arrangement only during the flow of overcurrent. If the overcurrent drops again, the switching transistor T1 can be controlled normally again and the protective function of the arrangement is fully available again.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können mit Hilfe eines zwischen die Basisanschlüsse des Hilfstransistors T2 und des Schalttransistors T1 geschalteten Kondensators C1 die durch die Steuerung des Schalttransistors T1 erzeugten Schaltflanken abgeflacht werden. Dadurch wird der Anteil von Oberwellen im ausgesendeten Signal rezuziert, was zu einer Verbesserung der Übertragungseigenschaften führt. Der bedarfsweise einzusetzende Kondensator C1 ist in Fig. 1 ebenfalls gestrichelt eingetragen worden.In an embodiment of the invention, the switching edges generated by the control of the switching transistor T1 can be flattened with the aid of a capacitor C1 connected between the base connections of the auxiliary transistor T2 and the switching transistor T1. As a result, the proportion of harmonics in the emitted signal is reduced, which leads to an improvement in the transmission properties. The capacitor C1 to be used as required has also been entered with dashed lines in FIG. 1.

Die Schutzschaltung für die Sendeeinrichtung kann, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, dadurch weiter verbessert werden, daß im Emitteranschluß de Hilfstransistors T2 ein weiterer Widerstand R2 und/oder ein zusätzliches RC-Glied R3 C2 vorgesehen ist, mit dem eine Ansprechverzögerung der Schutzfunktion erreichbar ist. Die Wirkungsweise der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Anordnung ist dabei die gleiche bereits anhand von Fig. 1 erläutert wurde. Auch hier wird über den Spannungsabfall am Widerstand R1 der Hilfstransistor T2 stets dann in den leitenden Zustand gesteuert, wenn der auf der Sendeleitung fließende Strom einen bestimmten über den Normalwert liegenden Wert erreicht hat. Mit Hilfe des Widerstandes R2 kann hier jedoch bei Fleißen eines Überstromes die Stromaufteilung in den beiden Zweigen der Anordnung und damit auch der Basisstrom des Schalttransistors T1 beeinfluß werden. Durch geeignete Dimensionierung der RC-Kombination R3C2 wird in an sich bekannter Weise die Steuerung des Hilfstransistors T2 vom gesperrten Zustand im Normalbetrieb in den leitenden Zustand im Störungsfalle verzögert wirksam.The protection circuit for the transmitter can, as shown in Fig. 2, be further improved by providing a further resistor R2 and / or an additional RC element R3 C2 in the emitter terminal of the auxiliary transistor T2, with which a response delay of the protective function can be achieved is. The mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 is the same as has already been explained with reference to FIG. 1. Here, too, the auxiliary transistor T2 is always switched to the conductive state via the voltage drop across the resistor R1 when the current flowing on the transmission line has reached a certain value above the normal value. With the help of the resistor R2, however, the current distribution in the two branches of the arrangement and thus also the base current of the switching transistor T1 can be influenced in the event of an overcurrent being eaten. By suitable dimensioning of the RC combination R3C2, the control of the auxiliary transistor T2 from the blocked state in normal operation to the conductive state in the event of a fault is effective in a manner known per se.

Bisher wurde die Erfindung anhand eines Beispiels für eine Stromrichtung erläutert. Mit den gleichen Vorteilen kann die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung aber auch in Anlagen eingesetzt werden, in denen ein polungsunabhängiger Betrieb erforderlich ist. Ein Beispiel dafür zeigt Fig. 3. Dort sind zwei aus je einem Schalttransistor und je einem über den im Kollektorkreis des Schalttransistors liegenden Widerstand steuerbaren Hilfstransistors bestehende Anordnungen für den Schutz der Sendeeinrichtung parallel geschaltet, während zum Schutz der Empfangseinrichtung in diesem Falle die Polungsabhängigkeit durch eine Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung erreicht wird. Die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3 enthält dazu zwei Schalttransistoren T11 und T12 von entgegengesetzten Leitfähigkeitstyps, zwei Widerstände R11 und R12 sowie zwei Hilfstransistoren T21 und T22 vom Leitfähigkeitstyp, der dem des ihnen jeweils zugeordneten Schalttransistors entgegengesetzt ist. Im Normalbetrieb werden die Schalttransistoren T11 und T12 polungsabhängig durch die Sendedaten SD gesteuert, während im Falle eines Überstromes über die beiden Hilfstransistoren T21 und T22 der zusätzliche Basisstrom für die beiden Schalttransistoren T11 und T12 in beschriebener Weise erzeugt wird. Über die Dioden D11 und D 12, die jeweils für eine der beiden Stromrichtungen durchlässig sind, ist die Anordnung mit einer Ader der Sendeleitung SL verbunden, Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist in dieser Ader auch der Kaltleiter Rk und der ihn überbrückende Widerstand Rp angeordnet.So far, the invention has been explained using an example of a current direction. With the same advantages, however, the arrangement according to the invention can also be used in systems in which polarity-independent operation is required. An example of this is shown in FIG. 3. There, two arrangements for protecting the transmitting device, each consisting of a switching transistor and an auxiliary transistor which can be controlled via the resistor in the collector circuit of the switching transistor, are connected in parallel, while in this case the polarity dependence is protected by a for protecting the receiving device Rectifier bridge circuit is reached. 3 contains two switching transistors T11 and T12 of opposite conductivity type, two resistors R11 and R12 and two auxiliary transistors T21 and T22 of the conductivity type which is opposite to that of the switching transistor assigned to them. In normal operation, the switching transistors T11 and T12 are controlled in a polarity-dependent manner by the transmission data SD, while in the event of an overcurrent via the two auxiliary transistors T21 and T22, the additional base current for the two switching transistors T11 and T12 is generated in the manner described. Via the diodes D11 and D 12, which are transparent in each case for one of the two current directions, the arrangement is connected to a vein of Sendeleitun g SL, In the embodiment, also, the PTC Rk and bridging it resistor Rp is placed in this vein.

Die gezeigte Schutzschaltung mit parallel geschalteten Transistoren entgegengesetzten Leitfähigkeitstyps für die Sendeeinrichtung erfordert keine Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung für die Schalttransistoren und vermeidet daher den bei Anordnungen mit Gleichrichterbrückenschaltungen auftretenden höheren Spannungsabfall.The protective circuit shown with transistors of opposite conductivity type connected in parallel for the transmitting device does not require a rectifier bridge circuit for the switching transistors and therefore avoids the higher voltage drop occurring in arrangements with rectifier bridge circuits.

In der Empfangsleitung EL ist die Gleichrichterbrückenschaltung B vorgesehen, an der an jeweils gegenüberliegenden Schaltpunkten die Anschlüsse zur Abgabe der Empfangsdaten ED und die beiden Adern der Empfangsleitung EL angeschaltet sind, wobei der durch den den Widerstand Rp überbrückte Kaltleiter Rk in einer dieser beiden Adern angeordnet ist.The rectifier bridge circuit B is provided in the receive line EL, at which the connections for delivering the received data ED and the two wires of the receive line EL are connected at opposite switching points, the PTC thermistor Rk bridged by the resistor Rp being arranged in one of these two wires .

Claims (5)

1. Circuit arrangement for the protection of electronic transmitting- and receiving-devices against excess current in systems of direct current telegraphy technology, characterised in that in each case in one section of a transmitting- and/or a receiving-line there are arranged a positive-temperature-coefficient resistor (Rk) and a linear resistor (Rp) which is connected in parallel with the latter, that there are provided a resistor (R1) which is arranged in the collector terminal of a switching transistor (T1) positioned in the transmitting device, and an auxiliary transistor (T2) of the opposite conductivity type which lies in parallel with the collector-base path of the switching transistor (T1) and which can be controlled by means of the voltage drop at the resistor (R1) and via which an additional base current for the switching transistor (T1) is produced when an excess current flows on the terminal line (SL).
2. Circuit arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that between the base terminal of the switching transistor (T1) and the base terminal of the auxiliary transistor (T2) there is arranged a capacitor (C1).
3. Circuit arrangement as claimed in one of the Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that in the collector path of the auxiliary transistor (T2) there is arranged a further resistor (R2).
4. Circuit arrangement as claimed in one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in the base current circuit of the auxiliary transistor (T2) there is arranged a response delay circuit (R3, C2).
5. Circuit arrangement for transmitting- and receiving-devices which are operated independently of polarity as claimed in one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that between the terminals for the data received (ED) and the receiving line (EL) there is arranged a bridge rectifier circuit (B), that between the terminals for the data to be transmitted (SD) and the transmitting line (SL) there are arranged switching transistors (T11 and T12) and in each case an auxiliary transistor (T21 and T22) which can be controlled via the resistor (R 11 and R12) which is arranged in the collector terminal of the respective switching transistor (T11 and T12) and by means of which auxiliary transistor (T21 and T22) an additional base current for the particular switching transistor (T11, T12) is produced when an excess current flows on the transmitting line (SL), that the one section of the transmitting line is connected to the junction between the emitter paths of the two switching transistors (T11, T12) and the other section of the transmitting line (SL) is connected via respective diodes (D11, D12), which are conducting for respective current directions, to the junctions between a respective resistor and a respective auxiliary transistor (R11, T21 and R12, T22), and that a positive-temperature-coefficient resistor (Rk) which is bridged by a resistor (Rp) is arranged in one of these sections.
EP79100651A 1978-03-20 1979-03-05 Circuitry for excess current protection of electronic sending and receiving devices Expired EP0004306B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2812157A DE2812157C3 (en) 1978-03-20 1978-03-20 Circuit arrangement for protecting electronic transmitting and receiving devices against overcurrent
DE2812157 1978-03-20

Publications (3)

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EP0004306A2 EP0004306A2 (en) 1979-10-03
EP0004306A3 EP0004306A3 (en) 1979-10-31
EP0004306B1 true EP0004306B1 (en) 1981-02-04

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ID=6034979

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EP79100651A Expired EP0004306B1 (en) 1978-03-20 1979-03-05 Circuitry for excess current protection of electronic sending and receiving devices

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EP (1) EP0004306B1 (en)
AR (1) AR215223A1 (en)
BR (1) BR7901694A (en)
DE (2) DE2812157C3 (en)
DK (1) DK112079A (en)
NO (1) NO790919L (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3421784A1 (en) * 1984-06-12 1985-12-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Circuit arrangement for protecting electronic circuit components against overcurrent
US5124990A (en) * 1990-05-08 1992-06-23 Caterpillar Inc. Diagnostic hardware for serial datalink
EP0822688A1 (en) * 1996-07-04 1998-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bus coupler with amplitude-controlled transmitter circuit
DE19644772C2 (en) * 1996-10-28 1999-08-05 Siemens Ag Bidirectional level adjustment
FR2776137B1 (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-07-13 Philips Electronics Nv PROTECTION CIRCUIT TO BE PLACED BETWEEN A SIGNAL GENERATOR AND A CABLE
EP0981848B1 (en) * 1998-03-10 2009-02-11 Continental Automotive GmbH Protective circuit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1266303A (en) * 1959-09-01 1961-07-07 Siemens Ag Protective assembly for transistors
GB989790A (en) * 1961-12-21 1965-04-22 British Telecomm Res Ltd Improvements in or relating to telegraph systems
FR1529927A (en) * 1967-05-12 1968-06-21 Telecomm Electroniques Soc D Improvements to solid-state electronic relays, usable in particular as telegraph relays
US3581119A (en) * 1969-04-08 1971-05-25 Us Air Force Photo-current diverter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2812157A1 (en) 1979-09-27
AR215223A1 (en) 1979-09-14
DE2812157C3 (en) 1981-02-12
NO790919L (en) 1979-09-21
EP0004306A2 (en) 1979-10-03
EP0004306A3 (en) 1979-10-31
DE2960100D1 (en) 1981-03-19
DE2812157B2 (en) 1980-05-29
BR7901694A (en) 1979-10-16
DK112079A (en) 1979-09-21

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