EP0003039A1 - Behälter zum hermetisch dichten Aufbewahren von Substanzen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents

Behälter zum hermetisch dichten Aufbewahren von Substanzen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003039A1
EP0003039A1 EP19780101824 EP78101824A EP0003039A1 EP 0003039 A1 EP0003039 A1 EP 0003039A1 EP 19780101824 EP19780101824 EP 19780101824 EP 78101824 A EP78101824 A EP 78101824A EP 0003039 A1 EP0003039 A1 EP 0003039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
membrane
wall
wall part
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19780101824
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0003039B1 (de
Inventor
Ole Simonni Mundeling Nielsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione niels Bay Schmith
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK579977A external-priority patent/DK140886B/da
Priority claimed from DK394078A external-priority patent/DK143157C/da
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0003039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003039A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0003039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0003039B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/0005—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a container or package for 'containing liquid substances, especially viscous substances, in a hermetically sealed condition, and comprising a substantially rigid or stiff peripheral wall.
  • Such containers or packages containing liquid or viscous substances are often stored for a long period of time under greatly varying temperature conditions before the content of the container is used.
  • the container according to the invention which is characterized in that the peripheral wall is air-tightly closed at one end thereof by a distendable membrane or wall part.
  • This advantage is presumably due to the fact that even during storage with greatly varying temperature conditions the content of a container according to the invention is not exposed to pressure c:onditions differing substantially from the ambient atmospheric pressure because the distendable membrane or wall part will function as a kind of thermal expansion and contraction compensator.
  • the said membrane or wall part may possibly be'protected against mechanical stresses, for example by means of a lid-shaped rigid end wall.
  • the said end wall must be provided with one or more greater or smaller air passages securing that the outer surface of the distendable membrane or wall part is always exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part may be sealed to the lid-shaped end wall along its periphery, and when the content has been filled into the container or package the distendable membrane or wall part may be fastened thereto together with and possibly also by means of the lid-shaped end wall.
  • the rim portion of the membrane or wall part may be wedged or clamped between the container and the lid-shaped end wall without being united with the latter.
  • the lid-shaped end wall may have a form so that the distendable membrane or wall part may freely move so as to compensate for variations of the volume of the substance or mass contained in the container.
  • the container or package according to the invention may, for example, have the form of a bucket or pot provided with a lid.
  • the invention may, however, with special advantage be used in connection with a cylindrical container or cartridge for containing a sealing compound, an adhesive, or other viscous masses or substances, and of the type being closed at one of its ends by means of an ejection piston displaceable within the cylinder.
  • a socalled ejection pistol which comprises a plunger to cooperate with the ejection piston of the cartridge, and which may be operated manually or by means of pressurized air so that the viscous substance, for example a sealing compound, is discharged through a spout or nozzle.
  • Containers or cartridges of the said type provided with an integrally formed spout the free end of which is closed, but adapted to be cut off immediately before the content of the cartridge is to be discharged, are known. It is also known to provide cartridges with a discharge opening defined by a threaded pipe stub on which a discharge spout. or nozzle may be fastened. In that case ti.e discharge opening of the cartridge or container may be closed by a perforatable wall which is stretched tightly across said tube stub and which may be perforated by means of a pointed tool immediately before the content of the cartridge is to be discharged or ejected.
  • Such suction of air into the container or cartridge may be rather disadvantageous, partly because the air reacts with the content of the container in an undesired manner, and partly because air bubbles included in the viscous substance in the container or cartridge may cause an undesired splashing or spattering of the substance when it is later discharged or ejected from the container or cartridge.
  • the said peripheral wall may have the shape of a circular cylinder which at its other end opposite to said distendable membrane or wall part is adapted to be closed by an ejection piston displaceable in said cylinder.
  • the container according to the invention may then be used as a cartridge of the type described above.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part will not only hermetically close or seal said other end of the cylinder, but due to its dis- tendability it may also serve as a thermal expansion compensator, because without exerting any substantial resistance it may be distended more or less dependent on the actual temperature of the mass or substance contained in the cylinder. Consequently, the ejection piston may remain stationary in relation to the cylinder, and undesired suction of air into the cylinder may be avoided. Furthermore, the tendency of solvents and other fluid components to separate from the remaining content of the cylinder or cartridge is reduced as explained above.
  • the container or package may at said one end comprise an end wall defining a discharge opening therein, and according to the invention the distendable membrane or wall part may then be arranged within the container so as to cut off communication between said discharge opening and the inner space of the container. A distendable membrane or wall part will then be arranged well protected within the cylinder.
  • the edge portion of said distendable membrane or wall part may, according to the invention, be sealingly fastened to the inner surface of said end wall, preferably along the transition to said peripheral wall, and adapted to engage with and be supported by said end wall in its fully or partly distended condition.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part may be made from a relatively weak or thin-walled material because when distended it is supported by the adjacent, much more heavy concave end wall.
  • the membrane or wall part When the viscous substance is filled into the container in a hot condition and at a temperature substantially above the maximum temperature to which the container or package may be exposed during storage, the membrane or wall part may be distended and caused to engage with the end wall of the cylinder during the filling operation whereby the membrane is supported and a complete utilization of the space of the cylinder is obtainable. When the viscous substance is later cooled, the membrane or wall part may move away from the cylinder end wall to an extent corresponding to the thermal contraction of the viscous substance or mass.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part may be of any suitable material, for example an elastic rubber or plastic material which may be stretched without offering'any substantial resistance when the temperature of the container content is increased. It is preferred, however, to produce the membrane or wall part of a substantially inelastic material of a type permitting heat sealing or gluening of the rim portion of the membrane or wall part to the container.
  • the said membrane or wall part is of a substantially inelastic material it is preferably provided with folds or pleatings in its non-distended condition, whereby collapsing of the distendable membrane or wall part is facilitated when the volume of the liquid or viscous substance contained in the container is reduced due to thermal contraction.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part is preferably made from a thin sheet material which is impervious to air and which may easily be heat sealed to the container wall. Therefore, according to the invention the said membrane or wall part is preferably made from a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, coated by a layer of heat sealable plastic material, such as a plastic film or a heat scalable lacquer.
  • the present invention also provides a method of making a cylinder-shaped container or cartridge of the above type, and the method according to the invention is characterized in closing one end of a cylindrical tube length or section by positioning a thin stretchable sheet material, such as a film or a foil across said one end and sealing it to the surface of said tube length, filling the liquid substance to be packed into the tube length through the open other end thereof and exposing said substance to a compressive force so as to stretch said sheet material permanently.
  • the sheet material may then be fastened to the tube length in a tight condition whereby the fastening process is facilitated, and the distendable membrane or wall part is then provided by the later stretching process.
  • the liquid substance is preferably filled into the tube length in a heated condition.
  • the filling process is facilitated, and provided that the temperature of the heated mass or substance exceeds the maximum temperature to which said substance is expected to be exposed during the later storage, the membrane or wall part will never be distended to the same extent during storage as during filling of the container. On the contrary it may be expected that the mass or substance is contracted so that the membrane or wall part will become more slack. Because the sheet material has been stretched permanently during the filling process and thereby obtained a certain oversize, it will be able to compensate even for the reductions of volume occurring at extremely low temperatures.
  • the said compressive force may be applied to the liquid or viscous mass filled into the tube length by any suitable means.
  • the said compressive force may, however, advantageously be applied by means of an ejection piston which is inserted into the open end of the tube length or section.
  • the membrane or wall part may be fastened to said one end of the cylindrical tube length in any suitable manner, for example by gluening or heat sealing depending on the materials from which the tube length and the membrane or wall part are made.
  • the sheet material being used for making the distendable membrane or wall part may, for example, be a laminate of a metal foil, such as an aluminium foil, and a plastic film, such as a polyethylene film.
  • the plastic film may be used as the inner layer, and the sheet material may then be heat sealed to the cylindrical tube length which may also be made from plastic material.
  • the purpose of the plastic film is to make the membrane or wall part impervious to vapour and solvents.
  • Figs.l to 4 show a cylindrical container or cartridge 10 having an end wall 12 provided with a threaded tube stub 11. The other end of the cartridge or cylinder 10 is closed by an ejection piston 13 which is displaceable in the cylinder.
  • the threaded tube stub 11 defines a discharge passage 14 therein.
  • the passage 14 is separated from the inner space of the cylinder 10 which contains a viscous substance or mass 15, by means of a distendable wall part or membrane 16.
  • the rim portion of the membrane 16 is sealingly fastened to the end wall 12 along a transitional zone 17 between said end wall and the cylindrical wall of the cartridge or container 10.
  • the membrane 16 has such a size that it may be brought into engagement with the concave inner surface of the end wall 12 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the membrane 16 may, for example, be in this position immediately after the filling process by which the viscous mass 15 has been filled into the cartridge or container 10, preferably in a heated condition.
  • the piston 13 may remain in the position shown in Fig.
  • the membrane 16 may serve as a thermal volume change compensator as well as for hermetically sealing the inner space of the cylinder or cartridge 10.
  • the content of the cartridge 10 When the content of the cartridge 10 is to be used it is placed in an ejection pistol of a type as that shown in Fig. 9 or 10 and comprising a plunger by means of which an inwardly directed pressure may be applied to the piston 13 of the cartridge 10. Thereafter,the membrane or wall part 16 is perforated by means of a suitable,pointed tool or instrument and a kind of discharge spout, not shown, may be mounted on the threaded tube stub 11. The viscous substance or mass 15 may now be ejected or discharged at the place of use in a manner known per se.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 corresponds to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 apart from the fact that in Fig. 3 and 4 the rim portion of the membrane 16 is fastened to the inner surface of the end wall 12 immediately adjacent to the discharge passage 14, and the distendable membrane or wall part 16 has a folded or pleated shape.
  • the membrane may serve as a thermal volume change compensator as illustrated in Fig. 3 and 4 so that displacement of the piston 13 in relation to the cylinder is avoided even when the cartridge or container 10 is stored under varying temperature conditions. Consequently, suction of air through the space between the piston and the cylinder wall and into the inner of the cylinder is avoided.
  • the cylinder 10 and the piston 13 may be of any suitable material, but they are preferably made by ejection moulded plastic material.
  • the membrane or wall part 16 may be made as an integral part of the container or cartridge 10. However, in order to facilitate production it is preferred to make the membrane 16 and the cylinder 10 separately and the membrane may then be fastened to the cylinder by heat sealing, gluening, or in any other suitable manner.
  • the membrane or wall part 16 is preferably a laminate of metal foil, preferably aluminium foil, and a heat sealable plastic material, such as polyethylene. Such a laminate is impervious to vapour, gases, and liquid solvents and may be heat sealed to the cylinder or container 10.
  • Figs. 7 to 10 show other embodiments of a cylinder-shaped container or cartridge 10 made from a relatively stiff or rigid cylindrical tube length 18, one end of which is closed by means of an ejection piston 19 which may, for example, be of the type which is described in Danish patent application No. 1149/78 and which cooperates with a separate piston engaging member 20.
  • the tube length 18 is closed by means of a distendable membrane or end wall 21 the rim portion of which is sealingly fastened to the adjacent part of the outer surface of the tube length 18.
  • the end wall or membrane 21 may be of the same type as the membrane 16 previously described, and the membrane 21 may be fastened to the tube length 18 in any of the manners described above in connection with the membrane 16.
  • the end wall or membrane 21 In its mounted condition the end wall or membrane 21 has a certain oversize, which means that its area exceeds the cross sectional area of the tube length 18.
  • the end wall or membrane may, alternatively, be of a highly elastic material. As indicated by broken lines in Fig. 8 the membrane or end wall 21 may be moved to such an extent that it may compensate for thermal changes of volume of a viscous substance or mass 15 contained in the container or cartridge 10 so that at any time the substance or mass will be subjected to a pressure corresponding substantially to the ambient atmospheric pressure whereby the advantages previously described may be obtained.
  • the substance or mass 15 contained in the cartridge 10 may, for example, be a sealing compound, an adhesive, or a similar viscous mass.
  • the cartridge may be placed in a conventional ejection pistol as that shown in Fig. 9 and generally designated by 22.
  • a discharge spout 23 having a socket 24 is mounted on the end of the cartridge which is closed by the membrane or end wall 21.
  • a cutting edge 25 forming an extension of the wall of the spout 23 extends axially from the inner surface of the socket 24, and a pair of concentric, annular sealing ridges 26 surround the cutting edge 25 as best shown in Fig. 8.
  • the outer surface of the cylindrical tube length 18 is provided with locking projections or cams 29 and 30, respectively, at both ends.
  • the socket 24 of the discharge spout 23 is provided with corresponding inner cam surfaces 31 by means of which the spout 23 may be fastened to one end of the cartridge 10 as shown in Fig. 10.
  • the locking cams 30 the other end portion of the cartridge 10 may be fastened to a conventional ejection pistol generally designated by 32 and being of the type operated by pressurized air.
  • the trigger 33 of the pistol 32 is operated the piston 19 of the container or cartridge 10 will be pressed inwardly by means of pressurized air so that the viscous substance 15 is ejected from the cartridge through the discharge spout 23 as described above.
  • the discharge spout forms an integrating part of the cylindrical wall of the cartridge or container, and therefore these conventional cartridges must be produced by ejection moulding for which reason they are relatively expensive.
  • the tube length- may be cut from a tube of a longer length which may be produced in a substantially cheaper way, for example by extrusion.
  • the tube length 18 may be made from plastic or metal, such as aluminium, or it "may be made from a laminate of plastic material and metal, for example an extruded plastic tube being outwardly coated by an aluminium foil in order to make it impervious to gases, vapours, and liquid solvents.
  • plastic or metal such as aluminium
  • the membrane or end wall 21 may similarly consist of a laminate formed by an inner plastic film, such as polyethylene, and an outer metal foil, such as aluminium. It may, however, involve certain technical difficulties to fasten the membrane or end wall 21 to the tube length 18 so that a hermetical seal is obtained because,as mentioned above,the membrane must have a certain oversize and must consequently be in a folded or pleated condition when fastened.
  • a method has been provided by means of which a container or cartridge as that described above may be produced in a much more simple manner.
  • This new method is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 7.
  • a stretchable sheet material 21' which may be a laminate of films or foils or may consist of a single layer of material, is fastened to one end of a tube length 18.
  • the sheet material 21' is fastened to the inner or outer surface of the tube length 18 in a substantially tight condition, preferably by heat sealing or gluening.
  • the container or package manufacturer may -ien deliver this semi-manufactured article together with associated piston parts to the manufacturer of the viscous substance or mass 15 to be packed in the container or cartridge.
  • the viscous substance 15 is filled into the open end of the semi-manufactured article shown in Fig. 5 in a hot condition, the said article being arranged so that the end of the tube length 18 closed by the sheet material 21' is engaging with a concave surface of a die 34 as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the open other end of the filled tube length 18 is now closed by the piston 19 whereafter an inwardly directed force is applied to the piston 19 by means of a plunger 35 of a suitable force applying apparatus, not shown.
  • the plunger 35 applies such a force or pressure to the piston 19 that the sheet material 21' is stretched permanently to such an extent that it is brought into engagement with the concave surface of the die 34 whereby the distendable membrane or end wall 21 is formed.
  • the plunger 35 may now be removed and the piston engaging member 20 may be mounted on the container or cartridge which is now ready for storage or shipment.
  • the mass or substance 15 contained in the container or cartridge 10 is cooled the volume of the mass or substance is reduced, and the membrane or end wall 21 will then take up a folded or pleated shape as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the end wall will be able to compensate for the thermal volume changes which will occur during storage and shipment. ;
  • the container or package according to the invention has predominantly been explained with reference to so-called cartridges for sealing compounds and similar substances, it should be understood that the invention may also be used in connection with packages and containers of other types being adapted to contain a viscous mass or substance in a hermetically sealed condition.
  • the container according to the invention may be shaped as a can having its upper end closed by means of a membrane like distendable end wall which may possibly be protected by means of a removable lid provided with one or more air passages.securing that the membrane like end wall is exposed to the ambient pressure.
  • the distendable membrane or wall part is preferably made from a substantially inelastic sheet material it may, alternatively, be made from an elastic material extending across the end of the cylinder 10 in its strainless condition.
  • the membrane may then have such a resiliency that it may be stretched sufficiently to for example engage with the concave inner surface of the end wall 12 shown in Figs. 1 to 4 without applying any substantial elastic force to the content 15 of the container 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
EP19780101824 1977-12-23 1978-12-22 Behälter zum hermetisch dichten Aufbewahren von Substanzen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Expired EP0003039B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK579977A DK140886B (da) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23 Cylinderformet emballage til emballering af viskose masser.
DK5799/77 1977-12-23
DK3940/78 1978-09-06
DK394078A DK143157C (da) 1978-09-06 1978-09-06 Emballage til flydende og isaer viskose masser og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af emballagen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003039A1 true EP0003039A1 (de) 1979-07-25
EP0003039B1 EP0003039B1 (de) 1982-12-22

Family

ID=26067287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19780101824 Expired EP0003039B1 (de) 1977-12-23 1978-12-22 Behälter zum hermetisch dichten Aufbewahren von Substanzen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0003039B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2862141D1 (de)
ES (2) ES250088Y (de)
WO (1) WO1979000430A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0059413A1 (de) * 1981-02-24 1982-09-08 Clantex Limited Spender für fliessfähige Materialien
GB2173862A (en) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-22 Wool Dev Int Fluid dispensing cartridge
EP0810161A1 (de) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-03 Keiichi Nakata Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Öffnen von Behältern für Dichtungsmaterial sowie Behälter für Dichtungsmaterial

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8828336D0 (en) * 1988-12-05 1989-01-05 Steve Vick Ltd Sealant applicator
GB9024916D0 (en) * 1990-11-16 1991-01-02 Du Pont Canada Improved pouch dispenser
DK0693033T3 (da) * 1993-04-05 1999-06-23 Loctite Sweden Ab Udleveringsindretning til plastisk materiale

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1014627A (fr) * 1950-03-14 1952-08-19 Saint Gobain Bouchage hermétique pour la conservation de produits périssables
US2955728A (en) * 1958-03-04 1960-10-11 Louis A Macklanburg Calking load ejector cup
FR1305395A (fr) * 1961-05-03 1962-10-05 Procédé de fermeture étanche à l'air de récipients rigides contenant un produit conditionné à chaud
US3071294A (en) * 1961-04-03 1963-01-01 R C Can Co Dispensing device for caulking cartridges
CH443951A (de) * 1963-11-15 1967-09-15 Mossi & Ghisolfi Contenitori I Behälter mit einer Ausgleicheinrichtung für auftretende Volumenänderungen des Inhaltes
FR2273722A1 (fr) * 1974-06-10 1976-01-02 Alby Albert Cartouche seringue a fond plat pour produits pateux susceptible d'etre employee avec plusieurs embouts formant buse de sortie

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK4244C (da) * 1901-10-07 Johann Kroog Anordning ved Beholdere med Membranlukke.
US1701788A (en) * 1926-02-22 1929-02-12 Metters Gordon John Grease container for grease guns
US2034739A (en) * 1931-06-18 1936-03-24 Lydia B Koch Paper cap for bottles
US2111582A (en) * 1936-07-18 1938-03-22 Maintenance Res Ltd Cartridge for caulking guns
US2754033A (en) * 1952-10-24 1956-07-10 Dudley W Etter Ink dispenser
US2923442A (en) * 1956-02-09 1960-02-02 Henry S Maras Pressure-relief member for dispenser for viscous material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1014627A (fr) * 1950-03-14 1952-08-19 Saint Gobain Bouchage hermétique pour la conservation de produits périssables
US2955728A (en) * 1958-03-04 1960-10-11 Louis A Macklanburg Calking load ejector cup
US3071294A (en) * 1961-04-03 1963-01-01 R C Can Co Dispensing device for caulking cartridges
FR1305395A (fr) * 1961-05-03 1962-10-05 Procédé de fermeture étanche à l'air de récipients rigides contenant un produit conditionné à chaud
CH443951A (de) * 1963-11-15 1967-09-15 Mossi & Ghisolfi Contenitori I Behälter mit einer Ausgleicheinrichtung für auftretende Volumenänderungen des Inhaltes
FR2273722A1 (fr) * 1974-06-10 1976-01-02 Alby Albert Cartouche seringue a fond plat pour produits pateux susceptible d'etre employee avec plusieurs embouts formant buse de sortie

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0059413A1 (de) * 1981-02-24 1982-09-08 Clantex Limited Spender für fliessfähige Materialien
GB2173862A (en) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-22 Wool Dev Int Fluid dispensing cartridge
EP0810161A1 (de) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-03 Keiichi Nakata Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Öffnen von Behältern für Dichtungsmaterial sowie Behälter für Dichtungsmaterial
US5915594A (en) * 1996-05-27 1999-06-29 Nakata; Keiichi Device for opening a sealant container, sealant container, and method of opening the sealant container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES252744U (es) 1981-03-01
ES250088Y (es) 1981-09-16
ES250088U (es) 1981-02-16
EP0003039B1 (de) 1982-12-22
DE2862141D1 (en) 1983-01-27
WO1979000430A1 (en) 1979-07-12

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