EP0003000B1 - Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer - Google Patents

Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003000B1
EP0003000B1 EP78810027A EP78810027A EP0003000B1 EP 0003000 B1 EP0003000 B1 EP 0003000B1 EP 78810027 A EP78810027 A EP 78810027A EP 78810027 A EP78810027 A EP 78810027A EP 0003000 B1 EP0003000 B1 EP 0003000B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
communication opening
gas
diameter
pot
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Expired
Application number
EP78810027A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0003000A1 (de
Inventor
Herbert Hazard
Vincenzo Recchi
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion head intended for a combustion chamber.
  • the flame resulting from the combustion of a fluid fuel in the presence of a gas whose oxygen concentration is significantly lower than that of air becomes much less stable.
  • the liquid fuel sprayed in this vortex flow is subjected, therefore, to centrifugal forces, so that fuel droplets are projected against the wall of the combustion chamber. Since the temperature of this wall is lower than the final distillation temperature of the pulverized fuel, a deposit of coke and soot is formed at the outlet of the burner.
  • burners for fluid fuels whose outlet leads to a flame pot placed in the combustion chamber.
  • the purpose of these flame pots is to avoid the contact of the fuel with the walls of the combustion chamber cooled from the outside and to limit most of the combustion process to a reduced space in which the temperature can reach a higher level. This is particularly the case with US patents nos. 3,319,692, 2,606,604 and 4,014,639 as well as DE-A-2,250,766 in which the wall of the flame pot is metallic, while in the patents US-A-2,806,517 and FR-A-2,226 .056 the pots are made of refractory material.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy, at least in part, the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • the subject of the invention is a combustion head intended for a combustion chamber and comprising a nozzle for injecting a fluid fuel, in particular liquid, connected to a source of this fuel under pressure and a conduit for supply of a gas connected to a source of pressurized oxygen-carrying gas, the downstream end of which opens coaxially to said nozzle, through a communication opening, into a combustion space of generally cylindrical shape whose length is included between 3.5 and 5.5 times the diameter of the communication opening, this supply conduit being intended to direct the flow of said gas under pressure animated by a flow of axial movement along the axis of this nozzle.
  • This combustion head is characterized by the fact that said communication opening is dimensioned to create a pressure drop during the passage of said gas, between 75 and 150 mm of water column, that the diameter of this combustion space is included between 2 and 6 times the diameter of the communication opening, that a disc is arranged at the outlet of said combustion space, and that the diameter of this disc is chosen to create a pressure drop of between 15 and 50 mm water column, at the exit of the combustion space.
  • the single figure of the appended drawing illustrates, schematically and by way of example, a combustion head according to the invention, seen in axial section, mounted at the inlet of a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion head illustrated comprises all the elements of a burner, namely, a fuel injection nozzle 1, arranged coaxially in a supply duct 2 of a mixture of air and combustion gases.
  • This duct 2 constitutes the outlet of a spiral cover 3 supplied by a fan 8 and fixed to the cover 4 of a combustion chamber 5 and ends in this combustion chamber by a cylindrical pot 6 constituting the combustion head proper at subject of which further details will be given later.
  • a fixed paddle 7, forming a crown, can be arranged at the outlet of the spiral cover 3.
  • the inclination of this paddle is chosen to impart, to the oxygen-carrying gas introduced into the combustion chamber 5, a slight helical movement.
  • “swirl” defined by a number.
  • This number of “swirls” G “, / rG x is given by the ratio between the flow of angular momentum G " , communicated to the gas and the product of radius of the communication opening of the burner r by the flow of momentum axial G x .
  • This number is preferably chosen to be less than 0.2 and in all cases less than the threshold from which a toroidal vortex is created under the effect of the swirl.
  • the oxygen-carrying gas can be introduced into the cylindrical pot 6 without any helical movement.
  • the duct 2 going from the vanes 7 to the nozzle 1 can be divided in two by a partition 9, and the vanes 7, on either side of this partition 9, can be inclined in opposite direction from each other, so as to form two flows animated by helical movements of opposite directions, which mix at the time of being injected into the pot 6.
  • These two helical flows tend to cancel out by mixing. Therefore, it is quite possible to significantly exceed the number of swirls of 0.2 indicated previously, for each flow, the total number of swirls should then not exceed approximately 0.2 to 0.3.
  • This variant has the advantage of creating an additional mixture when the two flows are combined.
  • the pot 6 in which most of the combustion takes place has a communication opening 6a as well as an annular outlet opening 6b formed around a disc 6c, fixed concentrically to the cylindrical pot 6 by radial arms 6d.
  • the dimensions of the various elements of the cylindrical pot 6 are important for obtaining a combustion practically free of soot and of CO, operating with an excess of air of 5 to 15% and a recirculation of approximately 50% of the exhaust gases, and so that combustion is stable, that no coke is deposited and that ignition is easy.
  • the oxygen-carrying gas introduced into the cylindrical pot 6 must be driven at a high speed following the pressure drop created at the passage of the opening in order to produce a high level of turbulence necessary to obtain combustion intense.
  • Tests have shown that the diameter of the communication opening 6a must be dimensioned to produce a pressure drop of 75 to 150 mm of water column. Below this limit, combustion is poor and beyond, ignition is difficult.
  • the pot is sized from the diameter of the communication opening 6a. Its length must be chosen between 3.5 and 5.5 times this diameter. In fact this length is chosen so that the central body of the gas flow introduced into the pot 6 does not touch the disc 6c. However, the length of this central body is of the order of 4 to 5 times the diameter of the communication opening 6a depending on the amount of swirl. If the disc 6c is too close to the communication opening 6a, the central body 1 of the injected cold gas meeting this disc extends radially outwards from the latter while cooling it. If, on the contrary, the disc 6c is placed too far from the communication opening 6a, 1 flame becomes unstable. At the optimal position of the disc, the flame is stable and the disc is hot enough to avoid the formation of carbon or coke deposits.
  • This disc 6c is not necessarily placed at the end of the pot 6. It can be either slightly inside or outside this pot 6, depending on the shape that one wishes to give to the flame coming out of the pot 6 through the annular opening 6b.
  • this annular opening 6b is chosen to induce recirculation behind the disc 6c in order to ensure the combustion of the residual fuel and to reach CO levels as low as possible.
  • the diameter of the disc 6c is chosen so that the annular opening generates a pressure drop of the order of 15 to 50 mm of water column.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical portion of this pot 6 is between 2 and 6 times the diameter of the communication opening 6a.
  • the figure in the drawing shows the different flow modes in the cylindrical pot 6 as well as at the outlet of this pot.
  • the angle of the fuel spraying cone II is preferably between 60 and 95 degrees.
  • an annular recirculation III is formed around a turbulent zone IV surrounding the central body 1 of the air jet.
  • This annular recirculation III makes it possible to heat the wall of the cylindrical pot 6 to a temperature of 600 ° to 800 °, at which pot becomes bright red, a temperature which is higher than the final temperature of the distillation curve of a fuel. light, so that no deposit by accumulation of coke can occur.
  • This annular recirculation III also has the effect of bringing the combustion products to the base of the air jet leaving the communication opening 6a, thereby improving the stability of the flame.
  • this annular recirculation III in the form of a toroidal vortex has a direction of rotation, indicated by arrows, contrary to the direction of rotation which would be induced by an intense swirl.
  • This direction of rotation is important, since, in the case of the jet, the direction of rotation induced causes a recirculation of the hot combustion gases which heat the wall of the pot 6.
  • the opposite direction of rotation to that illustrated sends cold gases leaving the communication opening 6a against the wall of the pot 6, hence the formation of carbon and coke deposits.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Brennerkopf für eine Brennkammer mit einer Einspritzdüse (1) für einen Fluidbrennstoff, insbesondere in flüssiger Form, welche mit einer unter Druck stehenden Quelle dieses Brennstoffs verbunden ist, und mit einer Speiseleitung (2) für ein Gas als Sauerstoffträger, die mit einer unter Druck stehenden Gasquelle verbunden ist, deren stromabwärts gerichtetes Ende koaxial zu der Düse durch eine Verbindungsöffnung (6a) hindurch in einen Brennraum (6) von im allgemeinen zylindrischer Form mündet, dessen Länge zwischen 3,5 und 5,5 mal der Durchmesser der Verbindungsöffnung (6a) ist, wobei diese Speiseleitung (2) die Strömung des unter Druck stehenden Gases, angeregt durch einen Fluß von axialer Bewegungsgröße entlang der Achse dieser Düse (1) richten soll, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsöffnung (6a) so dimensioniert ist, daß sie beim Durchgang des Gases einen Druckabfall erzeugt, der zwischen 75 und 150 mm Wassersäule liegt, daß der Durchmesser dieses Brennraums (6) zwischen 2 bis,3 mal den Durchmesser der Verbindungsöffnung (6a) ausmacht, daß eine Scheibe (6c) am Ausgang des Brennraums (6) angeordnet ist und daß der Durchmesser dieser Scheibe so gewählt ist, daß ein Druckabfall zwischen 15 und 50 mm Wassersäule am Ausgang des Brennraums (6) erzeugt wird.
2. Brennerkopf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Swirl-Erzeuger-Beschaufelung (7) in der Speiseleitung (2) angeordnet ist, wobei die Schrägstellung dieser Beschaufelung (7) und der Radius der Verbindungsöffnung (6a) so gewählt sind, daß das Verhältnis
Figure imgb0003
unter einem Grenzwert in der Größenordnung von 0,2 liegt, ein Verhältnis, bei dem r der Radius der Verbindungsöffnung (6a) ist, Gcp der Fluß an kinetischem Moment des Gases durch diese Verbindungsöffnung hindurch und Gx der Fluß an axialer Bewegungsgröße dieses Gases durch diese gleiche Öffnung.
3. Brennerkopf nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschaufelung (7) zwei Teile aufweist, die jeweils die Hälfte des Querschnitts der Speiseleitung (2) einnehmen, wobei diese Beschaufelungen Schrägstellungen mit verschiedener Steilheit und/oder verschiedenen Richtungen haben, um dem durch die Verbindungsöffnung (6a) hindurchgehenden Gas einen Fluß mit solchem sich ergebendem kinetischem Moment mitzuteilen, daß das Verhältnis
Figure imgb0004
unter einem Grenzwert in der Größenordnung von 0,2 liegt.
EP78810027A 1977-12-23 1978-12-04 Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer Expired EP0003000B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1597477A CH617998A5 (de) 1977-12-23 1977-12-23
CH15974/77 1977-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003000A1 EP0003000A1 (de) 1979-07-11
EP0003000B1 true EP0003000B1 (de) 1981-08-05

Family

ID=4413484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78810027A Expired EP0003000B1 (de) 1977-12-23 1978-12-04 Brennerkopf für Verbrennungskammer

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4225305A (de)
EP (1) EP0003000B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5494127A (de)
CA (1) CA1115200A (de)
CH (1) CH617998A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2860921D1 (de)
DK (1) DK577278A (de)
ES (1) ES476240A1 (de)
IT (1) IT7831195A0 (de)
NO (1) NO147615C (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431403A (en) * 1981-04-23 1984-02-14 Hauck Manufacturing Company Burner and method
JPS5827616U (ja) * 1981-08-17 1983-02-22 三洋電機株式会社 燃焼装置
US4443182A (en) * 1981-11-10 1984-04-17 Hauck Manufacturing Company Burner and method
DE3243398C2 (de) * 1982-11-24 1985-03-28 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg Verdampfungsbrenner für flüssigen Brennstoff
EP0599395A1 (de) * 1992-11-20 1994-06-01 WITTEVEEN, Gustaaf Jan Brenner mit niedrigem NOx-Ausstoss
DE10019198A1 (de) 2000-04-17 2001-10-18 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Zerstäuberbrenner
DE10221495B4 (de) * 2002-05-14 2004-03-11 Webasto Thermosysteme International Gmbh Brenner für ein Heizgerät
BRPI0814243A2 (pt) * 2007-06-06 2015-01-06 Univ North Carolina State Processo e aparelho para a combustão prolongada de um combustível líquido de alta viscosidade e baixo poder calorífico e método para a reciclagem contínua da glicerina residual para a produção de energia
US9982886B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2018-05-29 Honeywell International Inc. Flue gas recycle system with fixed orifices
US10647099B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2020-05-12 The Boeing Company Methods and apparatus to form venting channels on a panel for a decorative layer

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2242797A (en) * 1938-02-26 1941-05-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for burning fluid fuel
US2606604A (en) * 1946-04-27 1952-08-12 Eureka Williams Corp Oil burner of the pressure type
FR1014072A (fr) * 1950-03-08 1952-08-08 Chantier Et Ateliers De Saint Distributeur d'air à grande turbulence
US2806517A (en) * 1950-11-16 1957-09-17 Shell Dev Oil atomizing double vortex burner
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner
GB1184630A (en) * 1967-12-19 1970-03-18 Shell Int Research Burner Head.
US3570242A (en) * 1970-04-20 1971-03-16 United Aircraft Corp Fuel premixing for smokeless jet engine main burner
US3648457A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-03-14 Gen Electric Combustion apparatus
US3749548A (en) * 1971-06-28 1973-07-31 Zink Co John High intensity burner
DE2250766A1 (de) * 1972-10-17 1974-04-18 Volkswagenwerk Ag Brenner, insbesondere fuer fahrzeuge
FR2226056A5 (de) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Zink Co John
DE2365186A1 (de) * 1973-12-29 1975-07-10 Elco Oelbrennerwerk Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum russfreien verbrennen von fluessigen brennstoffen
US4089629A (en) * 1975-02-12 1978-05-16 Pietro Fascione Process and apparatus for controlled recycling of combustion gases
RO66212A2 (fr) * 1975-03-19 1978-04-15 Inst Pentru Creatie Stintific Procede de combustion et bruleurs pour combustible liquid
US4014639A (en) * 1975-04-10 1977-03-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Recirculating vortex burner
US4082495A (en) * 1976-02-17 1978-04-04 Denis Lefebvre Flame retention head assembly
CH609438A5 (de) * 1976-02-27 1979-02-28 Fascione Pietro

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO147615B (no) 1983-01-31
DK577278A (da) 1979-06-24
CH617998A5 (de) 1980-06-30
ES476240A1 (es) 1979-10-01
DE2860921D1 (en) 1981-11-05
JPS5494127A (en) 1979-07-25
NO784338L (no) 1979-06-26
EP0003000A1 (de) 1979-07-11
NO147615C (no) 1983-05-11
CA1115200A (en) 1981-12-29
IT7831195A0 (it) 1978-12-21
US4225305A (en) 1980-09-30

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