EP0002982A1 - Antenne mit konischer Abtastung für Verfolgungsradar - Google Patents

Antenne mit konischer Abtastung für Verfolgungsradar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002982A1
EP0002982A1 EP78400242A EP78400242A EP0002982A1 EP 0002982 A1 EP0002982 A1 EP 0002982A1 EP 78400242 A EP78400242 A EP 78400242A EP 78400242 A EP78400242 A EP 78400242A EP 0002982 A1 EP0002982 A1 EP 0002982A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
conical scanning
auxiliary
antenna system
scanning antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP78400242A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francois Salvat
Jean Bouko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0002982A1 publication Critical patent/EP0002982A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable

Definitions

  • the present inventior relates to a conical scanning antenna system for tracking radar.
  • a tracking radar measures the coordinates of a target and provides data that can be used to determine the target's trajectory and predict its future position. To establish this prediction, practically all the data available in a radar can be used, the distance, the angle of site, the bearing, the Doppler frequency; this means that any a priorl radar can be considered as a tracking radar from the moment when the output information which it delivers is adequately processed.
  • a tracking radar is distinguished from other radars by the way in which the angular tracking of the target is carried out, and this angular tracking aims to define an error indicating the angular offset relative to the axis of the antenna, the direction in which the target is located, this error signal supplying servomechanisms provided for bringing the axis of the antenna back to the direction of the target.
  • this error signal supplying servomechanisms provided for bringing the axis of the antenna back to the direction of the target.
  • a first method is the detection of a target by flipping a diagram (sequential lobing in English), a second method is the conical scanning and a third method is the monopulse method.
  • the antenna system according to the invention relates to the second method, called conical scanning, the principle of which will be recalled.
  • the antenna comprises a focusing revolution system, paraboloid or lens, illuminated by a primary source whose phase center describes around the focal axis of the revolution system a circle of determined radius located in the focal plane.
  • the radiation pattern is no longer centered on the axis of the focusing system, but rotates in space so that the direction of maximum radiation describes a cone whose half angle at the top is called strabismus angle antenna (squint angle in English).
  • the amplitude of the signal delivered by the antenna is thus modulated at the frequency of rotation of the diagram and.
  • the modulation rate is a function of the target's angle relative to the axis of rotation.
  • the modulation signal extracted from the echo signal is used in servomechanisms to slave the antenna in position on the target.
  • the beams radiated by the antenna all overlap along the axis of the system of revolution and in general the level of overlap is such that it has an optimal value, compromised between the slope at origin which gives the accuracy of the pointing and the range of the radar.
  • the radiation diagram is the same at transmission and reception, providing the possibility by analysis of the diagram on transmission, to know the frequency of rotation of the diagram, usable for interference purposes .
  • An embodiment made on this principle comprises a primary source of the monopulse type delivering signals in a sum channel and in two difference channels, one in bearing, the other in elevation.
  • the sum channel is combined with the difference channels, and the conical scanning diagram is obtained, on reception, by a rotating variable phase shifter varying the phase between the difference and sum signals.
  • the radiation pattern obtained is off-center and rotates at the speed of the phase shifter.
  • This embodiment defines a receiver with a single channel which is however not immune to errors in determining the angles due to fluctuations in the amplitude of the echo. In addition, it leads to relatively complex and therefore costly embodiments.
  • the object of the invention is a conical scanning antenna at reception capable of tracking depolarizing targets. According to the invention therefore, the possibility of detecting the rotation frequency from the radiation diagram is deleted.
  • conical scanning antenna systems are generally less complex and less costly to produce than diagram tilting systems or monopulse systems
  • a conical scanning antenna system which to a Cassegrain type system, that is to say comprising a main parabolic reflector and an auxiliary hyperbolic reflector, with in addition means acting in such a way that the emission diagram is fixed, for example centered on the axis of the antenna and that the transmitted wave is with rectilinear polarization and that the diagram on reception is conical scanning, capable of receiving a wave reflected by the target and of rectilinear polarization orthogonal to the polarization of the wave at l 'program.
  • the conical scanning antenna system for tracking radar is a Cassegrain type antenna, comprising a main parabolic reflector and two hyperbolic auxiliary reflectors, a focal point of one being in a focal plane of the other and a primary source radiating in two rectilinear orthogonal polarizations.
  • the subject of the invention is the definition of a conical scanning antenna system at reception only for tracking radar, capable of tracking targets on the one hand, and not being able to be subjected on the other to interference based on the knowledge of the frequency of rotation of the radiation diagram established from the signals transmitted.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents such an antenna of the Cassegrain type, that is to say comprising at least one main parabolic reflector and one hyperbolic auxiliary reflector to which are added the means enabling it to operate in accordance with the aims of the invention and achieve results.
  • the antenna comprises a main reflector 1, which is a paraboioide of revolution around the axis OX, a primary source 2 placed in the embodiment described, in the axis of the main reflector, a first auxiliary reflector 3, portion of a hyperboloid of revolution around the axis 0X and a second auxiliary reflector 4, portion of a hyperboloid of revolution and whose axis SY has the particularity of being inclined relative to the focal axis OX of the system.
  • the second focal point F 'of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 3 is coincident with the phase center of the primary source 2.
  • the first focal point of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 4 or F1 is in the focal plane P of the parabolic reflector 1 and of the first auxiliary reflector 3 and its second focus F'1 is in the second focal plane P 'of the first hyperbolic reflector 3, containing the phase center of the primary source.
  • the antenna system must be capable of receiving the waves returned by a target having a depolarizing effect: the primary source 2 consequently must be able to radiate according to two orthogonal rectilinear polarizations.
  • this primary source is a horn of circular section located at the end of a guide 6 of circular section supplied by two guides 7 and 8 of rectangular section.
  • the guide 7 propagates a wave whose polarization vector is for example vertical while the guide 8 propagates a wave whose polarization vector is horizontal.
  • the guide 7 feeds the horn at transmission, while the guide 8 receives the wave reflected by the target.
  • the main parabolic reflector 1 conforms to any main reflector of a Cassegrain antenna.
  • the first hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 3 the focal points of which are points F and F ', is a semi-transparent reflector of revolution constituted by wires parallel to the polarization vector of the emitted wave, in this case in the example described, vertical .
  • This reflector therefore reflects the wave emitted by an electric vector. E towards main reflector 1 which reflects it in space parallel to the axis OX.
  • the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector with wires 3 allows the reflected wave to pass, which is taken up by the second hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 4.
  • This auxiliary hyperbolic reflector 4 is a solid reflector, portion of a hyperboloide, rotating around its axis SY, inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the focal axis OX of the system, but whose apex S is located on the focal axis OX.
  • This reflector is rotated by a motor shown schematically by M.
  • the rotation of the auxiliary reflector 4, inclined relative to the focal axis of the system allows reception to make a conical scan.
  • the focal point F1 of the hyperbolic reflector 4 describes a center circle F, focal point of the main reflector and of the first auxiliary reflector 3, in the focal plane P.
  • the radiation diagram 3. the reception DR, visible in FIG. 2, revolves around the OX focal axis of the system with a level of overlap of the lobes on the axis, defined by the angle of inclination ⁇ of the axis SY relative to the axis OX.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the radiation diagram for the emission DE which is fixed and centered on the axis of the system. Also included was the axis of the AL lobe and the DC direction in which the target is located.
  • FIG. 1 shows the path of a wave emitted in solid lines and that of a wave reflected in broken lines.
  • the parallel wires constituting the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 3 used for transmission are of relatively small dimensions depending on the operating frequency band of the antenna.
  • the wires In the Ku band for example, the wires have a diameter of the order of 0.12 in step 0.6 and the diameter of the reflector does not exceed 110 cm, with a focal length of the order of 171 cm. From the mechanical point of view, the wires are supported either by a so-called sandwich structure or by a single self-adapted skin.
  • the structure which has the least thickness so that the rotation of the second reflector is not hampered. If a self-adjusting skin is used, compensations must be provided, in general a network of wires orthogonal to the first ones which are chosen such that they do not cause disturbances on reception.
  • the rotating auxiliary reflector 4 in an exemplary embodiment has a diameter of the order of 95 cm and a focal length of 171 cm, while the main reflector has a diameter of the order of 800 cm and a focal length of 255 cm.
  • FIG. 3 presents a schematic diagram of a conical scanning radar using the antenna system which has been described. This classic diagram will not be described in detail.
  • the primary source 2 connected on the one hand to the transmitter 10 supplied by the synchronization generator 11, and on the other hand via the TR 9 to the reception part comprising a mixer circuit 12 connected to the generator 13 of the local oscillator and to an intermediate frequency amplifier 14 followed by a detector 15.
  • This amplifier is connected to a circuit 16 for automatic gain control connected to the selection circuit 17 from the distance.
  • This circuit is supplied by the distance tracking circuit 18 connected to the synchronization generator 11.
  • the distance selection circuit 17 is connected to the field demodulation circuit 18 and to the site demodulation circuit 20, which receive information reference point and site respectively of the drive motor M of the hyperbolic auxiliary reflector 4 of the antenna via a circuit 25.
  • a conical scanning antenna system for tracking radar in which, the Cassegrain type antenna, emits according to a radiation diagram centered on the axis and receives according to a conical scanning, a depolarized reflected wave.
  • Such an antenna, fitted to a tracking radar has advantages that have been reported at the beginning of the description, in particular, p im ossi- bility to determine the rotational frequency of the conical scan pattern.
  • Another advantage is the non-disturbance of the operation of the radar in bad atmospheric conditions, due to the fact that the rain drops for example are very little depolarizing.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP78400242A 1977-12-22 1978-12-15 Antenne mit konischer Abtastung für Verfolgungsradar Ceased EP0002982A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7738826A FR2412961A1 (fr) 1977-12-22 1977-12-22 Systeme d'antenne a balayage conique pour radar de poursuite
FR7738826 1977-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0002982A1 true EP0002982A1 (de) 1979-07-11

Family

ID=9199213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400242A Ceased EP0002982A1 (de) 1977-12-22 1978-12-15 Antenne mit konischer Abtastung für Verfolgungsradar

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4305075A (de)
EP (1) EP0002982A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2412961A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596208A1 (fr) * 1986-03-19 1987-09-25 Europ Agence Spatiale Antenne bifrequence a faisceaux orientables independants
FR2601195A1 (fr) * 1986-07-04 1988-01-08 Europ Agence Spatiale Antenne a grand balayage avec reflecteur principal et sources fixes, notamment pour une utilisation en hyperfrequences, embarquee sur satellite, et satellite muni d'une telle antenne
EP0466579A1 (de) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-15 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Doppelreflektor mit Gitter
AU627493B2 (en) * 1988-09-23 1992-08-27 Alcatel N.V. A circularly symmetrical reflector
EP0507440A1 (de) * 1991-02-25 1992-10-07 Gerald Alexander Bayne Antenne
EP0514886A1 (de) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Doppelreflektor-Absuchantennensystem
EP2099095A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-09-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Vorrichtung zur zweidimensionalen Abbildung von Szenen durch Mikrowellen-Abtastung

Families Citing this family (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2238430B (en) * 1985-10-02 1991-10-16 British Aerospace Microwave and millimetric waveband receivers
US5077560A (en) * 1986-02-19 1991-12-31 Sts Enterprises, Inc. Automatic drive for a TVRO antenna
DE19544500C2 (de) * 1994-12-15 1999-07-08 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Reflektorantenne, insbesondere für einen Kommunikationssatelliten
US5485168A (en) * 1994-12-21 1996-01-16 Electrospace Systems, Inc. Multiband satellite communication antenna system with retractable subreflector
DE29724409U1 (de) * 1997-10-14 2001-11-15 Rr Elektronische Geraete Gmbh Nachführsystem zum Ausrichten einer verschwenkbaren Reflektroantenne
FR2770650A1 (fr) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-07 Aerospatiale Systeme optique a plusieurs lignes de visee
DE19952819A1 (de) * 1999-11-02 2001-07-12 Rr Elektronische Geraete Gmbh Reflektorantenne und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Subreflektors
US6917287B2 (en) * 2000-11-10 2005-07-12 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. System for monitoring the tires of a vehicle, comprising a device for automatic location of wheel transmitters
US20020186813A1 (en) * 2001-05-08 2002-12-12 Toshikazu Tamura Image sensing apparatus and image sensing method, X-ray photographing system and its control method
US6512486B1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-01-28 The Boeing Company Monopulse beam pointing system for a satellite communication system
US6680711B2 (en) * 2002-01-08 2004-01-20 The Boeing Company Coincident transmit-receive beams plus conical scanned monopulse receive beam
JP4337876B2 (ja) * 2004-05-21 2009-09-30 株式会社村田製作所 アンテナ装置およびこれを用いたレーダ装置
US20050280593A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2005-12-22 Seung-Hyeon Cha Satellite tracking antenna and method using rotation of a subreflector
KR100721559B1 (ko) * 2005-12-08 2007-05-23 한국전자통신연구원 뉴테이션 방법을 이용한 코니컬 스캐닝 안테나 시스템
US8334815B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-12-18 Kvh Industries, Inc. Multi-feed antenna system for satellite communications
CN103579761B (zh) * 2013-10-29 2016-09-07 常州工学院 一种扫描成像应用的光机扫描天线装置
GB2534555A (en) 2015-01-20 2016-08-03 Kathrein Werke Kg Method and system for the automated alignment of antennas
CN117687018B (zh) * 2024-01-31 2024-04-19 四川省华盾防务科技股份有限公司 一种相控阵波束跟踪方法、装置、系统及存储介质

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1257630A (fr) * 1957-05-14 1961-04-07 Csf Aérien double pour radar
US3281850A (en) * 1962-03-07 1966-10-25 Hazeltine Research Inc Double-feed antennas operating with waves of two frequencies of the same polarization
DE1937583A1 (de) * 1969-07-24 1972-03-30 North American Rockwell Mehrfachantenne
US3696432A (en) * 1971-01-15 1972-10-03 Motorola Inc Combined scan and track antennas

Family Cites Families (6)

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US2877354A (en) * 1953-08-14 1959-03-10 North American Aviation Inc Radiation tracker for aiming at center or centroid of multiple targets
FR1192907A (fr) * 1955-04-06 1959-10-29 Electronique & Physique Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'exploration de l'espace associés à des détecteurs de rayonnement
US3307183A (en) * 1957-03-11 1967-02-28 Boeing Co Conical scan radar system and antenna
US3866233A (en) * 1973-09-10 1975-02-11 Nasa Dish antenna having switchable beamwidth
US4042933A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-08-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Antenna line scan system for helicopter wire detection
US4041500A (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Line scan radar antenna using a single motor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1257630A (fr) * 1957-05-14 1961-04-07 Csf Aérien double pour radar
US3281850A (en) * 1962-03-07 1966-10-25 Hazeltine Research Inc Double-feed antennas operating with waves of two frequencies of the same polarization
DE1937583A1 (de) * 1969-07-24 1972-03-30 North American Rockwell Mehrfachantenne
US3696432A (en) * 1971-01-15 1972-10-03 Motorola Inc Combined scan and track antennas

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2596208A1 (fr) * 1986-03-19 1987-09-25 Europ Agence Spatiale Antenne bifrequence a faisceaux orientables independants
FR2601195A1 (fr) * 1986-07-04 1988-01-08 Europ Agence Spatiale Antenne a grand balayage avec reflecteur principal et sources fixes, notamment pour une utilisation en hyperfrequences, embarquee sur satellite, et satellite muni d'une telle antenne
US4814778A (en) * 1986-07-04 1989-03-21 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Large scan antenna with fixed main reflector and fixed feed, particularly for use at ultrahigh frequencies, carried on board a satellite and a satellite equipped with such an antenna
AU627493B2 (en) * 1988-09-23 1992-08-27 Alcatel N.V. A circularly symmetrical reflector
EP0466579A1 (de) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-15 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Doppelreflektor mit Gitter
FR2664750A1 (fr) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-17 Aerospatiale Bireflecteur a grilles.
EP0507440A1 (de) * 1991-02-25 1992-10-07 Gerald Alexander Bayne Antenne
US5351060A (en) * 1991-02-25 1994-09-27 Bayne Gerald A Antenna
EP0514886A1 (de) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Doppelreflektor-Absuchantennensystem
EP2099095A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-09-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Vorrichtung zur zweidimensionalen Abbildung von Szenen durch Mikrowellen-Abtastung
DE102008013066B3 (de) * 2008-03-06 2009-10-01 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Vorrichtung zur zweidimensionalen Abbildung von Szenen durch Mikrowellen-Abtastung und Verwendung der Vorrichtung
US8009116B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2011-08-30 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Device for two-dimensional imaging of scenes by microwave scanning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4305075A (en) 1981-12-08
FR2412961B1 (de) 1981-08-28
FR2412961A1 (fr) 1979-07-20

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