EP0002397A1 - Fire-retardant electric cable and process for manufacturing such a cable - Google Patents
Fire-retardant electric cable and process for manufacturing such a cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0002397A1 EP0002397A1 EP78400154A EP78400154A EP0002397A1 EP 0002397 A1 EP0002397 A1 EP 0002397A1 EP 78400154 A EP78400154 A EP 78400154A EP 78400154 A EP78400154 A EP 78400154A EP 0002397 A1 EP0002397 A1 EP 0002397A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- layer
- powder
- ignition
- ignition product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric cable resistant to the propagation of fire, and to a method of manufacturing such a cable.
- Known electrical cables generally consist of an assembly formed of insulated and assembled conductors, and of an outer sheath of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. These cables are usually flammable and contribute to a fire, the extension of it.
- the chlorine level of the mixture can also be increased by adding chlorinated compounds such as chlorinated paraffins.
- a cable comprises a certain number of insulated conductors whose insulation material is flammable, such as crosslinked polyethylene for example, assembled in a bundle and covered with a sheath of polyvinyl chloride or elastomer, it can happen that the protection provided by this sheath is not sufficient in the event of a fire and the cable is completely destroyed.
- insulation material such as crosslinked polyethylene for example
- the present invention aims to avoid these drawbacks, enables a p erfec- tioned electric cable having excellent fire resistance and the spread thereof, and relates to a manufacturing method of such a cable .
- An electric cable resistant to the spread of fire provided with a set of electrically insulated conductors and assembled, and an outer sheath of protection in plasticized polyvinyl chloride, is characterized in that it comprises, between this set of insulated conductors and the outer protective sheath, at least one layer of anti-ignition product in powder form.
- a known electrical cable comprises a set of 19 conductors of 1.5 mm 2 insulated by chemically crosslinked polyethylene and assembled. Over this set, we extruded a polyvinyl chloride sheath, the composition of which comprises antimony oxide and chlorinated paraffins. In a test, in accordance with the operating mode (2-2) of French Standard NF C 32070 of May 1971 and additive n ° 1, carried out in an electric oven described in this standard, the cable known above is completely destroyed .
- a cable 1 produced in accordance with the invention illustrated schematically in the drawing comprises, like. known cables, a set of one or more conductors 2 insulated by a coating of crosslinked polyethylene, or a material based on ethylene propylene, natural or synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and an outer sheath 3 in material such as polychloride vinyl, polychloroprene, chlorinated polyethylene or a material usually used in the production of this sheath.
- the electric cable 1 comprises, between its set of insulated conductors 2 and its outer sheath 3, at least one layer of pulverulent anti-ignition product 4, that is to say a product in the form a powder which in its decomposition under the action of heat, releases active compounds or elements which do not maintain the flame and prevent its propagation.
- This pulverulent anti-ignition product is constituted for example by a powder of halogenated product or compound, such as polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyethylenes, or by that of a brominated compound such as decabromodiphenyl) ether, octabromodiphenyl. .
- a method for manufacturing an electric cable 1 resistant to the propagation of the above flame comprises at least one covering of a set of insulated conductors 2 with a layer of silicone emulsion 5, a formation a layer of powder of anti-ignition product 4 on this layer of silicone emulsion 5 and of a winding of a layer of plastic tape 6 on this layer of anti-ignition product powder 4, before carrying out an extrusion of a outer protective sheath 3 of the cable.
- the formation of the silicone emulsion layer 5 on the set of conductors 2 can be carried out by spraying this emulsion by means of a gun, not shown.
- the establishment of the anti-ignition powder layer 4 is preferably carried out by electrostatic means. For this purpose, a voltage of a hundred kilovolts is applied between the set of insulated conductors 2 coated with a layer of silicone emulsion, and a gun, not shown, for spraying the anti-ignition powder.
- the pulverulent form of the layer of anti-ignition product ensures the cable of the invention by its faster decomposition in the presence of heat, better resistance to the propagation of the flame while contributing to give by its divided form, to this cable, a great mechanical flexibility.
- the silicone emulsion layer makes it possible to maintain a homogeneous layer of anti-ignition powder in place: for the entire length of the cable.
- the layer of tape outside the powder layer of anti-ignition product, contributes to strengthening the retention in place of this powder layer and protects it during the extrusion of the outer sheath of the cable.
- the electric cable comprises a set of isolated conductors which are individually coated with a layer of powder of anti-ignition product and between this set and the outer sheath of the cable another layer of anti-inflammation product.
- an electrical cable comprises a set of 19 conductors of ..5 mm 2 insulated by chemically crosslinked polyethylene, covered, from the inside to the outside, by an emulsion layer.
- silicone a layer of polyvinyl chloride powder, a layer of polyester tape, an outer protective sheath of polyvinyl chloride.
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un câble électrique résistant à la propagation de l'incendie, et un procédé de fabrication d'un tel câble.The present invention relates to an electric cable resistant to the propagation of fire, and to a method of manufacturing such a cable.
Les câbles électriques connus sont généralement constitués d'un ensemble formé de conducteurs isolés et assemblés, et d'une gaine extérieure en polychlorure de vinyle plastifié. Ces câbles sont habituellement inflammables et contribuent dans un incendie, à l'extension de celui-ci.Known electrical cables generally consist of an assembly formed of insulated and assembled conductors, and of an outer sheath of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. These cables are usually flammable and contribute to a fire, the extension of it.
Pour améliorer la tenue au feu des câbles, il est connu d'ajouter, dans la composition du mélange formant la gaine du câble, des additifs retardant la propagation de la flamme, tels que, en se décomposant dans le feu et en se combinant entre eux éventuellement, ils donnent des produits qui n'entretiennent pas la flamme et l'empêchent de se développer. L'oxyde d'antimoine est un composé de ce type, qui se combine avec le chlore du polychlorure de vinyle.To improve the fire resistance of cables, it is known to add, in the composition of the mixture forming the cable sheath, additives delaying the propagation of the flame, such as, by decomposing in the fire and combining between them eventually, they give products that do not maintain the flame and prevent it from developing. Antimony oxide is a compound of this type, which combines with the chlorine of polyvinyl chloride.
On peut aussi augmenter le taux de chlore du mélange par adjonction de composés chlorés tels que les paraffines chlorées.The chlorine level of the mixture can also be increased by adding chlorinated compounds such as chlorinated paraffins.
Néanmoins on ne peut introduire ces additifs dans la composition de la gaine en polychlorure de vinyle sans risquer de diminuer, à partir d'un certain taux, les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de celle-ci.However, these additives cannot be introduced into the composition of the polyvinyl chloride sheath without risking decreasing, from a certain rate, the mechanical and electrical properties thereof.
Il en est de même pour des mélanges utilisés dans l'isolation des éléments.It is the same for mixtures used in the insulation of the elements.
Fréquemment lorsqu'un câble comprend un certain nombre de conducteurs isolés dont le matériau d'isolation est inflammable, comme du polyéthylène réticulé par exemple, assemblés en un faisceau et recouvert d'une gaine en polychlorure de vinyle ou en élastomère, il peut arriver que la protection apportée par cette gaine ne soit pas suffisante en cas d'incendie et que le câble soit détruit entièrement.Frequently when a cable comprises a certain number of insulated conductors whose insulation material is flammable, such as crosslinked polyethylene for example, assembled in a bundle and covered with a sheath of polyvinyl chloride or elastomer, it can happen that the protection provided by this sheath is not sufficient in the event of a fire and the cable is completely destroyed.
La présente invention, a pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients, permet de réaliser un câble électrique perfec- tionné ayant une excellente résistance au feu et à la propagation de celui-ci et a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un tel câble.The present invention aims to avoid these drawbacks, enables a p erfec- tioned electric cable having excellent fire resistance and the spread thereof, and relates to a manufacturing method of such a cable .
Un câble électrique résistant à la propagation de l'incendie, pourvu d'un ensemble de conducteurs isolés électriquement et assemblés, et d'une gaine extérieure de protection en polychlorure de vinyle plastifié,est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, entre cet ensemble de conducteurs isolés et la gaine extérieure de protection, au moins une couche de produit anti-inflammation sous forme pulvérulente.An electric cable resistant to the spread of fire, provided with a set of electrically insulated conductors and assembled, and an outer sheath of protection in plasticized polyvinyl chloride, is characterized in that it comprises, between this set of insulated conductors and the outer protective sheath, at least one layer of anti-ignition product in powder form.
Pour mieux faire comprendre l'invention, on décrit ci-aprés un câble connu et un certain nombre d'exemples de réalisation dont l'un est illustré dans le dessin unique ci-annexé, représentant une vue d'une section transversale d'un câble de l'invention.In order to better understand the invention, a known cable and a certain number of exemplary embodiments are described below, one of which is illustrated in the single appended drawing, showing a view of a cross section of a cable of the invention.
Un câble électrique connu comprend un ensemble de 19 conducteurs de 1,5 mm2 isolés par du polyéthylène réticulé chimiquement et assemblés. Par dessus cet ensemble, on a extrudé une gaine en polychlorure de vinyle dont la composition comprend de l'oxyde d'antimoine et des para- fines chlorées. Dans un essai, conforme au mode opératoire (2-2) de la Norme Française NF C 32070 de Mai 1971 et additif n° 1, réalisé dans un four électrique décrit dans cette norme, le câble connu ci-dessus est détruit dans sa totalité.A known electrical cable comprises a set of 19 conductors of 1.5 mm 2 insulated by chemically crosslinked polyethylene and assembled. Over this set, we extruded a polyvinyl chloride sheath, the composition of which comprises antimony oxide and chlorinated paraffins. In a test, in accordance with the operating mode (2-2) of French Standard NF C 32070 of May 1971 and additive n ° 1, carried out in an electric oven described in this standard, the cable known above is completely destroyed .
Un câble 1 réalisé conformément à l'invention illustré schématiquement dans le dessin comprend, comme des. câbles connus, un ensemble de un ou plusieurs conducteurs 2 isolés par un revêtement en polyéthylène réticulé, ou une matière à base d'éthylène propylène, de caoutchouc naturel ou synthétique ou de polychlorure de vinyle et une gaine extérieure 3 en matière telle que du polychlorure de vinyle, du polychloroprène, du polyéthylène chloré ou une matière habituellement utilisée dans la réalisation de cette gaine.A cable 1 produced in accordance with the invention illustrated schematically in the drawing comprises, like. known cables, a set of one or more conductors 2 insulated by a coating of crosslinked polyethylene, or a material based on ethylene propylene, natural or synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride and an
Selon une caractéristique importante de l'invention, le câble électrique 1 comprend, entre son ensemble de conducteurs isolés 2 et sa gaine extérieure 3, au moins une couche de produit anti-inflammation pulvérulent 4 c'est-à-dire un produit sous forme d'une poudre qui dans sa décomposition sous l'action de la chaleur, libère des composés ou éléments actifs qui n'entretiennent pas la flamme et empêchent sa propagation. Ce produit anti-inflammation pulvérulent est constitué par exemple, par une poudre de produit ou composé halogène, tel que du polychlorure de vinyle, des polyéthylènes chlorés, ou par celle d'un composé bromé tel que du décabromodiphé- ) nyléther, l'octabromodiphényle.According to an important characteristic of the invention, the electric cable 1 comprises, between its set of insulated conductors 2 and its
Un procédé conforme à l'invention de fabrication d'un câble électrique 1 résistant à la propagation de la flamme ci-dessus comprend au moins ùn recouvrement d'un enserble de conducteurs isolés 2 par une couche d'émulsion de silicone 5, une formation d'une couche de poudre de produit anti-inflammation 4 sur cette couche d'émulsion de silicone 5 et d'un enroulement d'une couche de ruban en matière synthétique 6 sur cette couche de poudre de produit anti-inflammation 4, avant de réaliser une extrusion d'une gaine de protection extérieure 3 du câble.A method according to the invention for manufacturing an electric cable 1 resistant to the propagation of the above flame comprises at least one covering of a set of insulated conductors 2 with a layer of
Selon ce procédé, la formation de la couche d'émulsion de silicone 5 sur l'ensemble de conducteurs 2 peut être réalisée par une projection de cette émulsion au moyen d'un pistolet non représenté. La mise en place de la couche de poudre anti-inflammation 4 est de préférence effectuée par voie électrostatique. Pour cet effet, une tension d'une centaine de kilovolts est appliquée entre l'ensemble de conducteurs isolés 2 revêtus d'une couche d'émulsion de silicone, et un pistolet non représenté de projection de la poudre anti-inflammation.According to this method, the formation of the
On peut concevoir dans un câble de l'invention un remplacement de la couche pulvérulente de produit anti-inflammation 4 par un revêtement plastifié comprenant le même produit anti-inflammation. Cependant on se réalise que non seulement la concentration par unité de volume en produit anti-inflammation qui détermine l'efficacité de la résistance du câble à la propagation de la flamme est nettement inférieure dans le revêtement plastifié qu'à celle dans cette couche de poudre de produit anti-inflammation pur 4 mais également la présence dans la composition du revêtement plastifié, de plastifiants habituellement inflammables qui contre-carrent l'action de la poudre anti-inflammation, entraîne une plus grande diminution du pouvoir d'empêchement de la propagation de l'incendie de ce revêtement.One can conceive in a cable of the invention a replacement of the powdery layer of
En outre la forme pulvérulente de la couche de produit anti-inflammation assure au câble de l'invention par sa décomposition plus rapide en présence de la chaleur, une meilleure résistance à la propagation de la flamme tout en contribuant à donner par sa forme divisée, à ce câble, une grande souplesse mécanique. On a déjà vu dans un paragraphe précédent que l'introduction des additifs anti-inflammation dans la composition d'un revêtement au-delà d'un certain taux risque de compromettre sérieusement les propriétés mécaniques et électriques du câble.In addition, the pulverulent form of the layer of anti-ignition product ensures the cable of the invention by its faster decomposition in the presence of heat, better resistance to the propagation of the flame while contributing to give by its divided form, to this cable, a great mechanical flexibility. We have already seen in a previous paragraph that the introduction of anti-ignition additives in the composition of a coating beyond a certain rate risks seriously compromising the mechanical and electrical properties of the cable.
Dans le câble électrique de l'invention, la couche d'émulsion de silicone permet d'assurer un maintien en place d'une couche homogène de poudre anti-inflammation :ur toute la longueur du câble.In the electric cable of the invention, the silicone emulsion layer makes it possible to maintain a homogeneous layer of anti-ignition powder in place: for the entire length of the cable.
Un tassement éventuel de la poudre qui crée dans le câble des intervalles sans produit anti-inflammation entraînant une forte diminution de l'efficacité de la résistance du câble à la propagation de la flamme peut être ainsi évité. La couche de ruban, extérieure à la couche de poudre de produit anti-inflammation, contribue à renforcer le maintien en place de cette couche de poudre et la protège lors de l'extrusion de la gaine extérieure du câble.A possible packing of the powder which creates gaps in the cable without anti-ignition product resulting in a large reduction in the efficiency of the cable's resistance to the propagation of the flame can thus be avoided. The layer of tape, outside the powder layer of anti-ignition product, contributes to strengthening the retention in place of this powder layer and protects it during the extrusion of the outer sheath of the cable.
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention le câble électrique comprend un ensemble de conducteurs .solés qui sont individuellement revêtus d'une couche de poudre de produit anti-inflammation et entre cet ensemble et la gaine extérieure du câble une autre couche le poudre de produit anti-inflammation.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electric cable comprises a set of isolated conductors which are individually coated with a layer of powder of anti-ignition product and between this set and the outer sheath of the cable another layer of anti-inflammation product.
Dans une réalisation conforme à l'invention, un câ- )le électrique comprend un ensemble de 19 conducteurs de .,5 mm2 isolés par du polyéthylène réticulé chimiquement, recouvert, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, par ine couche d'émulsion de silicone, une couche de poudre ce polychlorure de vinyle, une couche de ruban de polyester, une gaine de protection extérieure en polychloru- le de vinyle.In an embodiment according to the invention, an electrical cable comprises a set of 19 conductors of ..5 mm 2 insulated by chemically crosslinked polyethylene, covered, from the inside to the outside, by an emulsion layer. silicone, a layer of polyvinyl chloride powder, a layer of polyester tape, an outer protective sheath of polyvinyl chloride.
5 Dans un essai conforme à la Norme Française NF C 32070 de mai 1971 et additif n° 1, ce câble a été soumis au rayonnement d'un four électrique n'est pas détruit dans sa totalité mais seulement dans sa partie placée dans le four et sur quelques centimètres au-dessus de celui-ci. Le câble de l'invention a ainsi une excellente =ésistance à la propagation de l'incendie.5 In a test in accordance with French Standard NF C 32070 of May 1971 and addendum n ° 1, this cable has been subjected to the radiation of an electric oven is not destroyed in its entirety but only in its part placed in the oven and on a few centimeters above it . The cable of the invention thus has excellent = resistance to the propagation of the fire.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7736704A FR2411475A1 (en) | 1977-12-06 | 1977-12-06 | ELECTRIC CABLE RESISTANT TO THE PROPAGATION OF FIRE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CABLE |
| FR7736704 | 1977-12-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0002397A1 true EP0002397A1 (en) | 1979-06-13 |
| EP0002397B1 EP0002397B1 (en) | 1980-08-06 |
Family
ID=9198504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP78400154A Expired EP0002397B1 (en) | 1977-12-06 | 1978-10-27 | Fire-retardant electric cable and process for manufacturing such a cable |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0002397B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2860122D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2411475A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1202803B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0809261A3 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-06-03 | Alcatel | Fire-resistant electrical cable, fire-resistant electrical conductor and process for manufacturing |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2966496D1 (en) * | 1978-11-07 | 1984-01-26 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | Flame retardant insulating material for an electrical cable and electrical cable made with such a material |
| DE3273681D1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1986-11-13 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Inside telecommunications cable |
| US4562302A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1985-12-31 | Northern Telecom Limited | Inside telecommunication cable |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008293A1 (en) * | 1968-05-11 | 1970-01-16 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | |
| FR2310619A1 (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1976-12-03 | Northern Telecom Ltd | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A THERMALLY INSULATED AND POLYMER-COATED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR AND CONDUCTOR SO OBTAINED |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA459789A (en) * | 1949-09-20 | W. Duggan Fred | Flameproof elastomer and electrical insulation thereof | |
| US3005038A (en) * | 1958-12-31 | 1961-10-17 | Mc Graw Edison Co | High temperature radio frequency cable and method of making the same |
| DE2025351C3 (en) * | 1970-05-23 | 1974-08-15 | Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover | Protective cover against heat and fire from the outside for tube bundle cables |
| CA974682A (en) * | 1970-07-08 | 1975-09-16 | Charles F. Raley (Jr.) | Flame retardant olefin polymer composition |
| BE787171A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1973-02-05 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A WATERPROOF BARRIER FOR ELECTRIC CABLE |
| GB1427729A (en) * | 1972-09-04 | 1976-03-10 | Pyrotenax Ltd | Method of manufacturing a mineral insulated electric cable |
| CA1011020A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1977-05-24 | Bruno L. Gaeckel | Flame resistant polyethylene composition |
-
1977
- 1977-12-06 FR FR7736704A patent/FR2411475A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-10-27 DE DE7878400154T patent/DE2860122D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-27 EP EP78400154A patent/EP0002397B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-12-05 IT IT30536/78A patent/IT1202803B/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2008293A1 (en) * | 1968-05-11 | 1970-01-16 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | |
| FR2310619A1 (en) * | 1975-05-05 | 1976-12-03 | Northern Telecom Ltd | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A THERMALLY INSULATED AND POLYMER-COATED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR AND CONDUCTOR SO OBTAINED |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0809261A3 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-06-03 | Alcatel | Fire-resistant electrical cable, fire-resistant electrical conductor and process for manufacturing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2411475B1 (en) | 1980-08-22 |
| IT1202803B (en) | 1989-02-09 |
| DE2860122D1 (en) | 1980-11-27 |
| FR2411475A1 (en) | 1979-07-06 |
| EP0002397B1 (en) | 1980-08-06 |
| IT7830536A0 (en) | 1978-12-05 |
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