EP0001189B1 - Apparatus for draft correction in cooling towers, particularly of the natural draft type - Google Patents

Apparatus for draft correction in cooling towers, particularly of the natural draft type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0001189B1
EP0001189B1 EP78400054A EP78400054A EP0001189B1 EP 0001189 B1 EP0001189 B1 EP 0001189B1 EP 78400054 A EP78400054 A EP 78400054A EP 78400054 A EP78400054 A EP 78400054A EP 0001189 B1 EP0001189 B1 EP 0001189B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tower
exchangers
base
wind
draft
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Expired
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EP78400054A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0001189A3 (en
EP0001189A2 (en
Inventor
Jean Maurice
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Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees
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Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees
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Application filed by Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees filed Critical Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees
Publication of EP0001189A2 publication Critical patent/EP0001189A2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • the present invention due to the collaboration of Mr. Jean Maurice, relates to a device for correcting the draft in cooling towers, in particular natural draft, mainly used for the dissipation of excess calories not transformed into electricity, in power plants of all kinds, notably thermal and nuclear.
  • a cooling tower known as dry, is essentially constituted by a shell of revolution forming a chimney, of great height, supported at its base by a crown of oblique posts surmounted by a circular lintel.
  • French patent FR 2 198 113 already describes a dry cooling tower and natural draft in which it is sought to use the energy of the wind to increase the cooling action by means of flaps arranged at the locations of air penetration. in order to establish a calm air zone. Under the action of the wind, an increase in pressure arises, which in turn leads to the introduction of a higher quantity of air through the exchanger.
  • the exchangers are arranged on a cross section of the tower, at a certain height from the ground, the flaps being fixed around the base on the support posts of the chimney.
  • Such flaps constitute elements for retaining the wind but do not precede orienting it towards the exchangers.
  • the invention therefore aims to channel the wind to the horizontal exchangers with maximum efficiency and this for all possible incident directions of the wind at the base of the tower.
  • the invention is characterized in that the orientation means are radial screens, competing on the axis of symmetry of the tower and arranged vertically between the ground and the heat exchanger bank.
  • the screens Preferably, the screens have a truncated trapezoidal shape.
  • the base of a cooling tower can be recognized roughly comprising a shell 1 supported at its base by a crown of oblique posts 2 surmounted by a circular lintel 3.
  • the exchangers 4 installed on a general horizontal plane some distance from the ground 5, are supported by a series of vertical posts 6 visible in FIG. 4b.
  • the star represented is with eight branches, but it goes without saying that the number of branches can be any, preferably from four to twelve, symmetrical or not.
  • deflector screens can, in all cases, be solid or perforated according to variable wind permeability. This is how they can be made of concrete, sheet metal or using tensile structures.
  • a deployable net with large meshes allows in particular to facilitate access to the exchangers, for maintenance for example.

Description

La présente invention, due à la collaboration de M. Jean Maurice, se rapporte à un dispositif pour la correction du tirage dans les tours de refroidissement, notamment à tirage naturel, principalement utilisées pour la dissipation du surplus de calories non transformées en électricité, dans les centrales de toutes sortes, notamment thermiques et nucléaires.The present invention, due to the collaboration of Mr. Jean Maurice, relates to a device for correcting the draft in cooling towers, in particular natural draft, mainly used for the dissipation of excess calories not transformed into electricity, in power plants of all kinds, notably thermal and nuclear.

Une tour de refroidissement, dite sèche, est essentiellement constituée par une coque de révolution formant cheminée, de grande hauteur, supportée à sa base par une couronne de poteaux obliques surmontés d'un linteau circulaire.A cooling tower, known as dry, is essentially constituted by a shell of revolution forming a chimney, of great height, supported at its base by a crown of oblique posts surmounted by a circular lintel.

Les échangeurs de chaleur dans lesquels circulent le ou les fluides à refroidir en circuits fermés peuvent être réalisés en batteries disposées sur une section droite de la coque au voisinage de la base, c'est-à-dire dans un plan général horizontal, à une certaine hauteur par rapport au sol. Dans ce cas, les échangeurs reposent sur une charpente métallique en treillis, soutenue par des poteaux verticaux implantés sur la surface de base de la tour.The heat exchangers in which the fluid or fluids to be cooled circulate in closed circuits can be produced in batteries arranged on a straight section of the shell in the vicinity of the base, that is to say in a general horizontal plane, at a certain height above the ground. In this case, the exchangers rest on a lattice metal frame, supported by vertical posts implanted on the base surface of the tower.

Avec cette disposition, l'air froid ou vent extérieur arrive par la base de la tour, entre les différents poteaux supports et remonte en traversant verticalement les échangeurs pour ressortir vers le sommet de la tour en dissipant les calories à l'atmosphère. Par vents forts et très forts, ces derniers traversent la base de la tour horizontalement à une vitesse telle que le débit d'air vertical à travers la batterie d'échangeurs devient insuffisant. Ce phénomène correspond à une augmentation virtuelle rapide de l'ensemble des pertes de charge de la tour, qu'il s'agit de réduire le plus possible pour rétablir le débit d'air et assurer la dissipation du flux thermique nominal.With this arrangement, the cold air or outside wind arrives through the base of the tower, between the various support posts and rises by crossing the exchangers vertically to exit towards the top of the tower by dissipating the calories into the atmosphere. In strong and very strong winds, the latter cross the base of the tower horizontally at a speed such that the vertical air flow through the heat exchanger bank becomes insufficient. This phenomenon corresponds to a rapid virtual increase in all the pressure drops in the tower, which must be reduced as much as possible to restore the air flow and ensure the dissipation of the nominal heat flow.

Le brevet français FR 2 198 113 décrit déjà une tour de refroidissement par voie sèche et tirage naturel dans laquelle on cherche à utiliser l'énergie du vent pour accroître l'action de réfrigération au moyen de volets disposés aux emplacements de pénétration de l'air, ceci afin d'établir une zone d'air calme. Sous l'action du vent, un accroissement de pression prend naissance, entraînant à son tour l'introduction d'une quantité d'air plus élevée à travers l'échangeur.French patent FR 2 198 113 already describes a dry cooling tower and natural draft in which it is sought to use the energy of the wind to increase the cooling action by means of flaps arranged at the locations of air penetration. in order to establish a calm air zone. Under the action of the wind, an increase in pressure arises, which in turn leads to the introduction of a higher quantity of air through the exchanger.

Dans une variante de réalisation du brevet précité, les échangeurs sont disposés sur une section droite de la tour, à une certaine hauteur du sol, les volets étant fixés autour de la base sur les poteaux supports de la cheminée. De tels volets constituent des éléments de retenue du vent mais ne premettent pas de l'orienter vers les échangeurs.In an alternative embodiment of the aforementioned patent, the exchangers are arranged on a cross section of the tower, at a certain height from the ground, the flaps being fixed around the base on the support posts of the chimney. Such flaps constitute elements for retaining the wind but do not precede orienting it towards the exchangers.

Dans le brevet GB 577 308 qui s'adresse à une tour à ruissellement, la base de la tour est cloisonnée par des écrans verticaux déterminant des passages d'admission d'air parallèles entre eux et parallèles à un ou plusieurs diamètres. Mais cette disposition ne permet pas de briser et d'orienter le vent vers les échangeurs pour toutes les directions incidentes du vent, notamment lorsque le vent arrive parallèlement aux écrans.In patent GB 577,308 which is intended for a trickling tower, the base of the tower is partitioned by vertical screens determining air intake passages parallel to one another and parallel to one or more diameters. However, this arrangement does not make it possible to break and direct the wind towards the exchangers for all the incident wind directions, in particular when the wind arrives parallel to the screens.

L'invention a donc pour but de canaliser le vent vers les échangeurs horizontaux avec le maximum d'efficacité et ceci pour toutes les directions incidentes possibles du vent à la base de la tour. A cet effet, l'invention est caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'orientation sont des écrans radiaux, concourant sur l'axe de symétrie de la tour et disposés verticalement entre le sol et la batterie d'échangeurs. De préférence, les écrans ont une forme trapézoïdale tronquée.The invention therefore aims to channel the wind to the horizontal exchangers with maximum efficiency and this for all possible incident directions of the wind at the base of the tower. To this end, the invention is characterized in that the orientation means are radial screens, competing on the axis of symmetry of the tower and arranged vertically between the ground and the heat exchanger bank. Preferably, the screens have a truncated trapezoidal shape.

La description qui suit fait référence au dessin annexé sur lequel:

  • -les figures 1 a et 1 b représentent schématiquement, respectivement en élévation et demi- vue de dessus, la base d'une tour équipée d'écrans déflecteurs de forme rectangulaire ou triangulaire répartis en étoile,
  • -les figures 2 et 3 représentent des écrans déflecteurs à profil trapézoïdal, respectivement tronqués verticalement et horizontalement,
  • -les figures 4a et 4b représentent, en élévation et en demi-coupes, des aubages directeurs installés respectivement soit entre les poteaux obliques supports de la coque, soit entre les poteaux verticaux soutenant les échangeurs ou selon une couronne de poteaux extérieurs à la tour.
The following description refers to the attached drawing in which:
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b schematically represent, respectively in elevation and half a top view, the base of a tower equipped with deflector screens of rectangular or triangular shape distributed in a star,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show deflector screens with trapezoidal profile, respectively truncated vertically and horizontally,
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show, in elevation and in half-sections, guide vanes installed respectively either between the oblique posts supporting the hull, or between the vertical posts supporting the exchangers or according to a ring of posts outside the tower.

Sur la figure 1 a, on reconnaît la base d'une tour de refroidissement comprenant grossièrement une coque 1 supportée à sa base par une couronne de poteaux obliques 2 surmontés d'un linteau circulaire 3.In FIG. 1a, the base of a cooling tower can be recognized roughly comprising a shell 1 supported at its base by a crown of oblique posts 2 surmounted by a circular lintel 3.

Les échangeurs 4, installés sur un plan général horizontal à quelque distance du sol 5, sont supportés par une série de poteaux verticaux 6 visibles sur la figure 4b.The exchangers 4, installed on a general horizontal plane some distance from the ground 5, are supported by a series of vertical posts 6 visible in FIG. 4b.

Conformément à une première série de variantes de réalisation de l'invention, le vent arrivant horizontalement selon la flèche F, est brisé et dévié à travers les échangeurs (F2), au moyen d'une pluralité d'écrans radiaux 7 disposés verticalement à la base de la tour, concourant sur l'axe de symétrie 8 et inscrits dans une surface correspondant sensiblement à la projection 9 sur le sol de la surface d'échange thermique.According to a first series of variant embodiments of the invention, the wind arriving horizontally along arrow F, is broken and deflected through the exchangers (F 2 ), by means of a plurality of radial screens 7 arranged vertically at the base of the tower, competing on the axis of symmetry 8 and inscribed in a surface corresponding substantially to the projection 9 on the ground of the heat exchange surface.

Chaque branche de l'étoile ainsi formée (fig. 1 b) peut revêtir des formes diverses, notamment rectangulaires (fig. 1 a), triangulaires (pointillés 17, fig. 1 a), de préférence trapézoïdales, tronquées soit verticalement (fig. 2), soit horizontalement (fig. 3), soit encore selon une combinaison des formes précédentes, avec une hauteur variable pouvant atteindre la face inférieure 10 de la batterie d'échangeurs.Each branch of the star thus formed (fig. 1 b) can take various forms, in particular rectangular (fig. 1 a), triangular (dotted lines 17, fig. 1 a), preferably trapezoidal, truncated either vertically (fig. 2), either horizontally (fig. 3), or again according to a combination of the preceding forms, with a variable height which can reach the underside 10 of the heat exchanger bank.

L'étoile représentée est à huit branches, maise il va de soi que le nombre de branches peut être quelconque, de preférence de quatre à douze, symétriques ou non.The star represented is with eight branches, but it goes without saying that the number of branches can be any, preferably from four to twelve, symmetrical or not.

Ces écrans déflecteurs peuvent, dans tous les cas, être pleins ou ajourés selon une perméabilité aux vents, variable. C'est ainsi que l'on peut les réaliser en béton, en tôle ou à l'aide de structures tendues. Un filet déployable à grosses mailles permet notamment de faciliter l'accès aux échangeurs, pour la maintenance par exemple. Les résultats satisfaisants obtenus par cette disposition des écrans peuvent être illustrés par l'exemple numérique suivant, valable en particulier pour des écrans triangulaires ou trapézoïdaux: pour un fonctionnement par vent assez fort, soit un rapport de 4, 5 entre la vitesse du vent en bas de la tour (horizontal, de l'ordre de 75 km/heure) et celle de l'air à la sortie de la tour (vertical), le dispositif correcteur selon l'invention permet de réduire l'augmentation de la perte de charge due au vent, par rapport à un fonctionnement sans vent, dans la proportion approximative de 4, 7 à 2.These deflector screens can, in all cases, be solid or perforated according to variable wind permeability. This is how they can be made of concrete, sheet metal or using tensile structures. A deployable net with large meshes allows in particular to facilitate access to the exchangers, for maintenance for example. The satisfactory results obtained by this arrangement of the screens can be illustrated by the following numerical example, valid in particular for triangular or trapezoidal screens: for operation in fairly strong wind, ie a ratio of 4.5 between the wind speed in bottom of the tower (horizontal, of the order of 75 km / hour) and that of the air leaving the tower (vertical), the corrective device according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the increase in the loss of load due to wind, compared to operation without wind, in the approximate proportion of 4,7 to 2.

Les figures 4a et 4b illustrent variantes adoptant des aubages directeurs 14 fixes pour orienter et canaliser le vent en direction des échangeurs 4. Ces aubages peuvent être répartis soit entre les poteaux obliques 2 supportant le coque 1 de la tour (fig. 4a) soit entre les poteaux verticaux 6 soutenant les échangeurs selon une couronne intérieure (fig. 4b), soit encore selon une couronne extérieure 15 à la base de la tour, sachant que ce dernier cas nécessite un caisson 16 de raccordement au linteau 3 de la coque (fig. 6b). Diverses combinaisons des variantes précédentes sont oermises.Figures 4a and 4b illustrate variants adopting fixed guide vanes 14 for orienting and channeling the wind towards the exchangers 4. These vanes can be distributed either between the oblique posts 2 supporting the shell 1 of the tower (fig. 4a) or between the vertical posts 6 supporting the exchangers according to an inner ring (fig. 4b), or again according to an outer ring 15 at the base of the tower, knowing that the latter case requires a box 16 for connection to the lintel 3 of the hull (fig . 6b). Various combinations of the preceding variants are omitted.

Claims (4)

1. An arrangement for correcting the draught in a dry-process natural-draught cooling tower (1) which is provided with a battery of heat exchangers (4) which are disposed over a cross, section of the tower at a certain height from the ground (5), at the base of which tower the dynamic pressure of the air is deflected and- the wind is directed towards the exchangers (4) by suitable means, characterised in that said means are radial screen members (7) which converge on the axis of symmetry (8) of the tower and are disposed vertically at the base of the tower, between the ground (5) and the battery of exchangers (4).
2. An arrangement according to claim 1 characterised in that the screen members (7) are preferably of trapezoidal shape which is truncated vertically and/or horizontally.
3. An arrangement according to claim 2 characterised in that the screen members (7) are made of a solid or apertured material having a certain degree of permeability to air.
4. An arrangement according to claim 1 characterised in that said means comprise a series of fixed guide vanes (14) which are installed vertically on or between the support posts (2) of the tower or the support posts (6) of the exchangers.
EP78400054A 1977-07-22 1978-07-05 Apparatus for draft correction in cooling towers, particularly of the natural draft type Expired EP0001189B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7722598 1977-07-22
FR7722598A FR2398277A1 (en) 1977-07-22 1977-07-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CORRECTION OF DRAFT IN COOLING TOWERS, ESPECIALLY WITH NATURAL DRAFT

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0001189A2 EP0001189A2 (en) 1979-03-21
EP0001189A3 EP0001189A3 (en) 1979-04-04
EP0001189B1 true EP0001189B1 (en) 1981-05-20

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ID=9193694

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EP78400054A Expired EP0001189B1 (en) 1977-07-22 1978-07-05 Apparatus for draft correction in cooling towers, particularly of the natural draft type

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EP (1) EP0001189B1 (en)
BR (1) BR7804729A (en)
DE (1) DE2860712D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2398277A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1108780B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112611250A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-06 暨南大学 Active flow field reconstruction air cooling tower

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3057652B1 (en) * 2016-10-17 2019-09-13 Hamon Thermal Europe (France) AIR FLOW CONTROL DEVICE FOR EQUIPPING A COOLING TOWER, ESPECIALLY A THERMAL POWER PLANT

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE548291C (en) * 1932-04-11 Fritz Uhde Chimney cooler, the trickle installation of which extends beyond the chimney cross section
GB282932A (en) * 1926-10-21 1928-01-05 Karl Wladimir Branczik Improvements in or relating to cooling towers
GB577308A (en) * 1944-11-06 1946-05-13 Frederick Gilbert Mitchell Improvements in or relating to cooling towers
GB616032A (en) * 1946-08-21 1949-01-14 Northmet Power Company Improvements in or relating to cooling towers and their operation
FR1072106A (en) * 1953-02-23 1954-09-08 Cylindrical radiators
DE1235343B (en) * 1957-07-17 1967-03-02 Kraftanlagen Ag Trickle cooler with air baffles
FR1235872A (en) * 1958-09-25 1960-07-08 Gea Luftkuehler Happel Gmbh Improvements to air-cooled condensing systems
GB1045595A (en) * 1964-03-17 1966-10-12 English Electric Co Ltd Dry cooling towers
GB1125141A (en) * 1965-01-26 1968-08-28 English Electric Co Ltd Cooling towers
DE1960619C3 (en) * 1969-12-03 1980-03-20 Gea Luftkuehlergesellschaft Happel Gmbh & Co Kg, 4630 Bochum Cooling tower
DE2153967B2 (en) * 1971-10-29 1976-07-15 Natural draught cooling-tower for steam power plants - has inlets around tower base for cooling air
HU165929B (en) * 1972-08-29 1974-12-28

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112611250A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-06 暨南大学 Active flow field reconstruction air cooling tower

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0001189A3 (en) 1979-04-04
EP0001189A2 (en) 1979-03-21
IT7868745A0 (en) 1978-07-21
DE2860712D1 (en) 1981-08-27
BR7804729A (en) 1979-02-28
FR2398277B1 (en) 1981-03-20
IT1108780B (en) 1985-12-09
FR2398277A1 (en) 1979-02-16

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