EP0000840B1 - Friction materials and their uses - Google Patents

Friction materials and their uses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000840B1
EP0000840B1 EP19780300259 EP78300259A EP0000840B1 EP 0000840 B1 EP0000840 B1 EP 0000840B1 EP 19780300259 EP19780300259 EP 19780300259 EP 78300259 A EP78300259 A EP 78300259A EP 0000840 B1 EP0000840 B1 EP 0000840B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
friction material
volume
fibres
material according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19780300259
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000840A1 (en
Inventor
Ronald David Swinburn
David Trevor Bartram
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Friction Products Ltd
Original Assignee
Ferodo Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB33482/77A external-priority patent/GB1604827A/en
Application filed by Ferodo Ltd filed Critical Ferodo Ltd
Publication of EP0000840A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000840A1/en
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Publication of EP0000840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000840B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G13/00—Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to friction materials, and more particularly to friction materials of the kind used for clutch linings, brake linings and similar uses.
  • Friction materials of this kind are generally composed of a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement, generally asbestos, and various fillers and other additives. Proposals have been made regarding the replacement of asbestos with other materials but without complete success owing to the severe operating temperatures and pressures which the materials are required to withstand under repeated application without failure or deterioration in friction properties.
  • a friction material comprises a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives, the thermoset binder making-up 15 or 40 per cent by volume of the material, at least half of the thermoset binder by volume being a thermosetting resin, characterised in that as the only reinforcing fibres, the material contains a mixture of an inorganic fibre which is a staple fibre selected from steel fibres, glass fibres, mineral wool fibres, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type with at least one organic fibre which is in the form of a discrete reinforcing fibre or a pulp, the amount of inorganic fibre being in the range 3 to 40% by volume of the material and the amount of organic fibre being in the range 3 to 20% by volume of the material.
  • an inorganic fibre which is a staple fibre selected from steel fibres, glass fibres, mineral wool fibres, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type with at least one organic fibre which is in the form
  • the fibrous reinforcement constitutes 10 to 50 per cent by volume of the friction material.
  • the preferred amount of organic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 18 per cent by volume of the material.
  • the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of metal fibres such as steel fibre its amount will preferably be in the lower end of preferred range e.g. 3 to 15 per cent by volume, whilst when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of glass fibre its amount will preferably be in the higher part of the preferred range e.g. 9 to 40 per cent by volume.
  • the organic fibrous material consists of short lengths of fibre and may comprise cellulose fibres from sources such as wood pulp, jute, sisal, or cotton linters.
  • a function of the organic fibrous material is to convey green strength to the material during production, and to this end the organic fibres must be opened fibre, when natural products are used.
  • wood pulp is a suitable organic fibrous material whilst wood flour is not since the fibres of the wood are bound tightly by resin and wood flour acts only as a filler.
  • the inorganic fibrous material is also in the form of short lengths of fibre and is the main reinforcement of the friction material. Where mineral wool is being used as the inorganic reinforcement it is preferred that it contains a minimum of the small non-fibrous agglomerates of mineral usually referred to as shot. Where it is desired to use large quantities of glass fibres in a particular formulation it is advantageous to use milled glass fibres or chopped strand glass i.e. glass in the form of continuous bundles of fine glass filaments, bound together with coatings of sizes commonly used by the glass fibre industry, then chopped into short strands composed of a multitude of fine parallel filaments. The preferred chopped strand length is 3 to 13 mm. However, shorter fibres may be used if desired. It is also desirable to use glass whose individual filaments are coated with a coupling agent applied during the manufacturing process to improve the bond between the glass and the thermoset binder.
  • the preferred metal fibre is steel fibre, which may be mild steel and is preferably in the form of short lengths of fine steel fibre e.g. diameter of the order of 0.125 mm and length in the range 1 to 5 mm.
  • At least half of the binder by volume is a thermosetting resin e.g. a phenol-formaldehyde resin, although the binder may also include a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • a thermosetting resin e.g. a phenol-formaldehyde resin
  • the binder may also include a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and more preferably a mixture of such a resin with a heat and chemical resistant cured rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • the other fillers and additives in the friction material may be taken from a number of classes of such materials, and the nature and amount of each such material is chosen to achieve the particular desired cost/property combination.
  • Inorganic particulate fillers such as barytes, whiting, rottenstone; reinforcing fillers such as mica; friction and wear modifiers including lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide; antimony trisulphide, metals such as copper, zinc, brass or aluminium in the form of wires, turnings or particles may each be incorporated as desired. Friction dusts or particles composed of cured and ground thermoset resins or rubbers may also be added.
  • compositions of the present invention which have total fibre contents below about 40% by volume are particularly suited to use in the method of producing friction materials which consists of:
  • the sheet is required to have adequate strength before curing and we have found that the organic fibres mixed with the inorganic fibres provide the necessary strength.
  • This process is particularly suited to the production of brake linings.
  • the friction material of this invention is suitable for manufacture by a slurry technique in which the fibres, binder and other ingredients are dispersed in water by means of a beater to form a slurry.
  • the slurry is then formed into a sheet by deposition on a wire screen or felt, a pulp being included to facilitate deposition of the material on the screen, and the water sucked out.
  • the sheet is then dried, cut into desired shapes and cured by application of heat and pressure. This technique is particularly suited to the manufacture of clutch facings.
  • Annular clutch facings of outside diameter 152.4 mm and inside diameter 127 mm were manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from friction materials having the formulations given in Table 1 below, all quantities being given as parts by volume.
  • the coefficients of friction determined were in the range 0.3 to 0.4 in a 203.2mm x 146.05mm coil spring clutch against a cast iron flywheel and pressure plate.
  • the clutch facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 6,750 to 8,000rpm at 200°C, (Burst strength is measured by rotating the clutch facing about its axis at increasing rpm until it breaks through centrifugal force), and a cross breaking strength of 75,842 to 82,737KN/m 2 (cross breaking strength is measured by placing a sample of the facing on two supports 25.4mm apart, and then measuring the load required midway between the supports to break the facing).
  • the facings so produced had a burst strength of 10,000 to 12,500rpm at ambient temperature, and 7,000 to 7,500rpm at 200°C.
  • the facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 9,250 to 9,750rpm at 200°C, and a cross breaking strength of 82,737KN/m 2 .
  • compositions were compounded to the formulations given below in Tables V, and VI rolled out into sheet form, shaped into a curved form suitable for brake linings, cured and made into sample brake linings. The curing was carried out in an oven at 238°C for a period of 90 minutes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Description

  • This invention relates to friction materials, and more particularly to friction materials of the kind used for clutch linings, brake linings and similar uses.
  • Friction materials of this kind are generally composed of a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement, generally asbestos, and various fillers and other additives. Proposals have been made regarding the replacement of asbestos with other materials but without complete success owing to the severe operating temperatures and pressures which the materials are required to withstand under repeated application without failure or deterioration in friction properties.
  • According to the present invention a friction material comprises a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives, the thermoset binder making-up 15 or 40 per cent by volume of the material, at least half of the thermoset binder by volume being a thermosetting resin, characterised in that as the only reinforcing fibres, the material contains a mixture of an inorganic fibre which is a staple fibre selected from steel fibres, glass fibres, mineral wool fibres, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type with at least one organic fibre which is in the form of a discrete reinforcing fibre or a pulp, the amount of inorganic fibre being in the range 3 to 40% by volume of the material and the amount of organic fibre being in the range 3 to 20% by volume of the material.
  • Preferably the fibrous reinforcement constitutes 10 to 50 per cent by volume of the friction material. The preferred amount of organic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 18 per cent by volume of the material.
  • In general when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of metal fibres such as steel fibre its amount will preferably be in the lower end of preferred range e.g. 3 to 15 per cent by volume, whilst when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of glass fibre its amount will preferably be in the higher part of the preferred range e.g. 9 to 40 per cent by volume.
  • The organic fibrous material consists of short lengths of fibre and may comprise cellulose fibres from sources such as wood pulp, jute, sisal, or cotton linters. A function of the organic fibrous material is to convey green strength to the material during production, and to this end the organic fibres must be opened fibre, when natural products are used. Thus wood pulp is a suitable organic fibrous material whilst wood flour is not since the fibres of the wood are bound tightly by resin and wood flour acts only as a filler.
  • The inorganic fibrous material is also in the form of short lengths of fibre and is the main reinforcement of the friction material. Where mineral wool is being used as the inorganic reinforcement it is preferred that it contains a minimum of the small non-fibrous agglomerates of mineral usually referred to as shot. Where it is desired to use large quantities of glass fibres in a particular formulation it is advantageous to use milled glass fibres or chopped strand glass i.e. glass in the form of continuous bundles of fine glass filaments, bound together with coatings of sizes commonly used by the glass fibre industry, then chopped into short strands composed of a multitude of fine parallel filaments. The preferred chopped strand length is 3 to 13 mm. However, shorter fibres may be used if desired. It is also desirable to use glass whose individual filaments are coated with a coupling agent applied during the manufacturing process to improve the bond between the glass and the thermoset binder.
  • The preferred metal fibre is steel fibre, which may be mild steel and is preferably in the form of short lengths of fine steel fibre e.g. diameter of the order of 0.125 mm and length in the range 1 to 5 mm.
  • In the friction material at least half of the binder by volume is a thermosetting resin e.g. a phenol-formaldehyde resin, although the binder may also include a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • Preferably the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and more preferably a mixture of such a resin with a heat and chemical resistant cured rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • The other fillers and additives in the friction material may be taken from a number of classes of such materials, and the nature and amount of each such material is chosen to achieve the particular desired cost/property combination. Inorganic particulate fillers such as barytes, whiting, rottenstone; reinforcing fillers such as mica; friction and wear modifiers including lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide; antimony trisulphide, metals such as copper, zinc, brass or aluminium in the form of wires, turnings or particles may each be incorporated as desired. Friction dusts or particles composed of cured and ground thermoset resins or rubbers may also be added.
  • The compositions of the present invention which have total fibre contents below about 40% by volume are particularly suited to use in the method of producing friction materials which consists of:
    • (a) intimately mixing all the ingredients of the composition together, uncured liquid resin binder serving to bind the compounded mass together or tacky uncured rubber binder serving the same purpose
    • (b) forming the composition into a sheet
    • (c) shaping the sheet where necessary (as in the manufacture of curved linings for drum brakes) and
    • (d) curing the material.
  • In this process the sheet is required to have adequate strength before curing and we have found that the organic fibres mixed with the inorganic fibres provide the necessary strength. This process is particularly suited to the production of brake linings.
  • Alternatively, particularly for those compositions which have a total fibre content above about 30% by volume the friction material of this invention is suitable for manufacture by a slurry technique in which the fibres, binder and other ingredients are dispersed in water by means of a beater to form a slurry. The slurry is then formed into a sheet by deposition on a wire screen or felt, a pulp being included to facilitate deposition of the material on the screen, and the water sucked out. The sheet is then dried, cut into desired shapes and cured by application of heat and pressure. This technique is particularly suited to the manufacture of clutch facings.
  • The invention will now be illustrated in the following Examples.
    • Examples 1 to 3
  • Annular clutch facings of outside diameter 152.4 mm and inside diameter 127 mm were manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from friction materials having the formulations given in Table 1 below, all quantities being given as parts by volume.
    Figure imgb0001
  • The clutch facings produced, when run against a cast iron counterface on small scale friction and wear testing machine, showed lower wear rates and higher coefficients of friction than similar materials containing asbestos.
  • The coefficients of friction determined were in the range 0.3 to 0.4 in a 203.2mm x 146.05mm coil spring clutch against a cast iron flywheel and pressure plate.
    • Example 4
  • An annular clutch facing, 203.2mm outside diameter, was manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from the formulation given in Table II below.
    Figure imgb0002
  • The clutch facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 6,750 to 8,000rpm at 200°C, (Burst strength is measured by rotating the clutch facing about its axis at increasing rpm until it breaks through centrifugal force), and a cross breaking strength of 75,842 to 82,737KN/m2 (cross breaking strength is measured by placing a sample of the facing on two supports 25.4mm apart, and then measuring the load required midway between the supports to break the facing).
    • Example 5
  • An annular clutch facing 152.4mm outside diameter was manufactured by the slurry technique from the formulation given in Table III.
    Figure imgb0003
  • The facings so produced had a burst strength of 10,000 to 12,500rpm at ambient temperature, and 7,000 to 7,500rpm at 200°C.
    • Example 6
  • An annular clutch facing of 203.2mm outside diameter was manufactured by the slurry technique from the formulation given in Table IV.
    Figure imgb0004
  • The facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 9,250 to 9,750rpm at 200°C, and a cross breaking strength of 82,737KN/m2.
  • The previous Examples all illustrate the use of the friction materials of this invention in clutch facings. The following examples illustrate the use of the materials in brake linings.
    • Examples 7 to 15
  • Compositions were compounded to the formulations given below in Tables V, and VI rolled out into sheet form, shaped into a curved form suitable for brake linings, cured and made into sample brake linings. The curing was carried out in an oven at 238°C for a period of 90 minutes.
  • In each case the friction and wear properties of the material as determined on a 254mm x 69.85mm hydraulic 2 leading shoe brake rig mounted on a dynamometer were found to be comparable to conventional asbestos containing brake-linings.
  • In the tables below all quantities are given as parts by volume.
    Figure imgb0005
    Figure imgb0006

Claims (14)

1. A friction material comprising a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives, the thermoset binder making up 15 to 40% by volume of the material at least half of the thermoset binder by volume being a thermosetting resin characterised in that as the only reinforcing fibres, the material contains a mixture of an inorganic fibre which is a staple fibre selected from steel fibres, glass fibres, mineral wool fibres, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino silicate type with at least one organic fibre which is in the form of a discrete reinforcing fibre or a pulp, the amount of inorganic fibre being in the range 3 to 40% by volume of the material and the amount of the organic fibre being in the range 3 to 20% by volume of the material.
2. A friction material according to Claim 1 in which the fibrous reinforcement constitutes 10 to 50% by volume of the friction material.
3. A friction material according to claim 1 characterised in that the material contains:
(a) as the organic reinforcing fibre a discrete reinforcing fibre sufficient to convey green strength to the material before the binder has been thermoset, to permit the material to be shaped before the binder has been thermoset, the amount of organic fibre being in the range 3 to 11.5 per cent by volume of the material and
(b) as inorganic reinforcing fibre steel fibre in an amount of 3 to 15 per cent by volume of the material of fibres of glass, mineral wool, silica or alumino-silicate type in an amount of 9 to 40 per cent by volume.
4. A friction material according to Claim 1 characterised in that the material contains:
(a) as the organic reinforcing fibre a pulp to facilitate deposition of the material from a slurry during manufacture,
(b) as inorganic reinforcing fibre, fibres of glass, mineral wool, silica or alumino-silicate type in an amount of 25 to 40% by volume of the material.
5. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims in which the organic fibrous material is a natural fibre.
6. A friction material according to Claim 3 in which the fibre comprises jute or sisal.
7. A friction material according to Claim 4 in which the pulp comprises wood pulp.
8. A friction material according to any one of the preceding Claims in which the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
9. A friction material according to any one of the preceding Claims in which the binder includes a heat and chemical resistant rubber.
10. A friction material according to Claim 9 in which said rubber is nitrile rubber.
11. A friction material according to any one of the preceding Claims which comprises at least one inorganic particulate filler.
12. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims which includes one or more friction or wear modifiers selected from graphite, molybdenum disulphide, antimony trisulphide and copper, zinc, brass and aluminium.
13. A clutch facing comprising a friction material as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
14. A brake lining comprising a friction material as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims.
EP19780300259 1977-08-10 1978-08-08 Friction materials and their uses Expired EP0000840B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33482/77A GB1604827A (en) 1977-08-10 1977-08-10 Friction materials
GB3348377 1977-08-10
GB3348277 1977-08-10
GB3348377 1977-08-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000840A1 EP0000840A1 (en) 1979-02-21
EP0000840B1 true EP0000840B1 (en) 1981-07-01

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EP19780300259 Expired EP0000840B1 (en) 1977-08-10 1978-08-08 Friction materials and their uses

Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP0000840B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5434350A (en)
AU (1) AU3875578A (en)
BR (1) BR7805105A (en)
CS (1) CS216920B2 (en)
DD (1) DD138075A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2860811D1 (en)
IN (1) IN148772B (en)

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DE2934209C2 (en) * 1979-05-28 1982-04-01 Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo Friction material
AT383607B (en) * 1979-11-07 1987-07-27 Akzo Nv FRICTION COVER
AU6662381A (en) * 1980-02-28 1981-09-03 Goodyear Aerospace Corp. Elimination of asbestos in organic-type brake linings
EP0050377B1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1985-10-02 Rütgerswerke Aktiengesellschaft Asbest-free friction material
DE3046696C2 (en) * 1980-12-11 1984-11-22 Rex Patent Graf von Rex GmbH & Co KG, 7170 Schwäbisch Hall Process for the production of friction linings and friction linings
DE3117823A1 (en) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-25 Raybestos Manhattan Gmbh & Co, 5608 Radevormwald Process for producing friction linings for friction clutches and friction lining produced by the process
JPS57186119A (en) * 1981-05-11 1982-11-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Quantitative container
JPS57184720U (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-11-24
JPS587475A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-17 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Nonasbestos friction material
JPS59187114A (en) * 1983-04-06 1984-10-24 Kyowa Gokin Kk Synchronous ring in vehicle transmission device
DE3329063A1 (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-02-28 Frenzelit Werke GmbH & Co KG, 8582 Bad Berneck Asbestos-free, lamellar layered material
JPS60139932A (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-07-24 Komatsu Ltd Wet frictional member
GB2163784B (en) * 1984-08-30 1987-06-10 Ferodo Ltd Wet laid friction facing material
GB8426601D0 (en) * 1984-10-20 1984-11-28 Nuturn Corp Friction materials
DE3533624C1 (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-05-27 Frenzelit Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Process for producing friction linings and friction linings produced therewith
JPH0714890Y2 (en) * 1989-01-24 1995-04-10 株式会社イナックス Urinary component measuring urinal
JP2858968B2 (en) * 1990-12-27 1999-02-17 株式会社曙ブレーキ中央技術研究所 Non-asbestos friction material
DE4119515C1 (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-10 Textar Gmbh, 5090 Leverkusen, De
JP3421364B2 (en) * 1992-07-14 2003-06-30 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 Friction material
US5782324A (en) * 1995-12-27 1998-07-21 Dayton Walther Corporation Composite brake drum and method for producing same
RU2117834C1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1998-08-20 Научно-производственная фирма "Контур" Reinforcing filler, friction polymer composite, and motor-car brake block
DE19920225B4 (en) 1999-05-03 2007-01-04 Ecco Gleittechnik Gmbh Process for the production of reinforcing and / or process fibers based on vegetable fibers
JP5344796B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2013-11-20 アイシン化工株式会社 Clutch facing
US8808412B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2014-08-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools
CN111455560B (en) * 2020-04-27 2022-07-05 邵庆河 Intelligent panty-shape diapers cotton fibre processing equipment
CN112626665B (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-09-09 东台市华阳玻纤有限责任公司 Method for manufacturing twill bulked woven cloth for brake tile of brake
KR20240013169A (en) * 2021-05-28 2024-01-30 가부시키가이샤 아데카 Composition, method for producing cured product, and cured product

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US3007890A (en) * 1959-05-07 1961-11-07 Chrysler Corp Friction elements and method of making the same
FR1363324A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-06-12 Brake linings comprising an improved phenolic resin and method of manufacture thereof
CA928227A (en) * 1969-02-14 1973-06-12 R. Johnson Howard Friction lining composition
ZA737889B (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-11-27 Johns Manville Less abrasive composition railroad brake shoe material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0000840A1 (en) 1979-02-21
BR7805105A (en) 1979-04-24
CS216920B2 (en) 1982-12-31
AU3875578A (en) 1980-02-14
JPS5434350A (en) 1979-03-13
IN148772B (en) 1981-06-06
DE2860811D1 (en) 1981-10-08
DD138075A5 (en) 1979-10-10

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