EP0000840A1 - Friction materials and their uses - Google Patents

Friction materials and their uses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000840A1
EP0000840A1 EP78300259A EP78300259A EP0000840A1 EP 0000840 A1 EP0000840 A1 EP 0000840A1 EP 78300259 A EP78300259 A EP 78300259A EP 78300259 A EP78300259 A EP 78300259A EP 0000840 A1 EP0000840 A1 EP 0000840A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
friction material
volume
fibrous
friction
material according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP78300259A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000840B1 (en
Inventor
Ronald David Swinburn
David Trevor Bartram
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Friction Products Ltd
Original Assignee
Ferodo Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB33482/77A external-priority patent/GB1604827A/en
Application filed by Ferodo Ltd filed Critical Ferodo Ltd
Publication of EP0000840A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000840A1/en
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Publication of EP0000840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000840B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G13/00—Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to friction materials, and more particularly to friction materials of the kind used for clutch linings, brake linings and similar uses.
  • Friction materials of this kind are generally composed of a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement, generally asbestos, and various fillers and other additives. Proposals have been made regarding the replacement of asbestos with other materials but without complete success owing to the severe operating temperatures and pressures which the materials are required to withstand under repeated application without failure or deterioration in friction properties.
  • a friction material comprises a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives, the thermoset binder making-up 15 to 40 per cent by volume of the material, and the fibrous reinforcement making up 70 to 4 per cent by volume of the material the fibrous reinforcement comprising a mixture of at least one inorganic fibrous material selected from metal fibres; glass fibre; mineral wools manufactured from slags or naturally occurring rocks such as basalt; silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type; with at least one organic fibrous material.
  • the fibrous reinforcement constitutes 10 to 50 per cent by volume of the friction material.
  • the preferred amount of inorganic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 40 per cent by volume of the material, and the preferred amount of organic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 18 per cent by volume of the material.
  • the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of metal fibres such as steel fibre its amount will preferably be in the lower end of the preferred range e.g. 3 to 15 per cent by volume, whilst when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of glass fibre its amount will preferably be in the higher part of the preferred range e.g. 9 to 40 per cent by volume.
  • the organic fibrous material consists of short lengths of fibre and may comprise cellulose fibres from sources such as wood pulp, jute, sisal, or cotton linters.
  • a function of the organic fibrous material is to convey green strength to the material during production, and to this end the organic fibres must be opened fibre, when natural products are used.
  • wood pulp is a suitable organic fibrous material whilst wood flour is not since the fibres of the wood are bound tightly by resin and wood flour acts only as a filler.
  • the inorganic fibrous material is also in the form of short lengths of fibre and is the main reinforcement of the friction material. Where mineral wool is being used as the inorganic reinforcement it is preferred that it contains a minimum of the small non-fibrous agglomerates of mineral usually referred to as shot. Where it is desired to use large quantities of glass fibres in a particular formulation it is advantageous to use milled glass fibres or chopped strand glass i.e. glass in the form of continuous bundles of fine glass filaments, bound together with coatings of sizes commonly used by the glass fibre industry, then chopped into short strands composed of a multitude of fine parallel filaments. The preferred chopped strand length is 3 to 13mm. However, shorter fibres may be used if desired. It is also desirable to use glass whose individual filaments are coated with a coupling agent applied during the manufacturing process to improve the bond between the glass and the thermoset binder.
  • the preferred metal fibre is steel fibre, which may be mild steel and is preferably in the form of short lengths of fine steel fibre e.g. diameter of the order of 0.125mm and length in the range 1 to 5 mm.
  • the binder is preferably an organic binder, for example a thermosetting resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • a thermosetting resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin
  • a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and more preferably a mixture of such a resin with a heat and chemical resistant cured rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • the other fillers and additives in the friction material may be taken from a number of classes of such materials, and the nature and amount of each such material is chosen to achieve the particular desired cost/property combination.
  • Inorganic particulate fillers such as barytes, whiting, rottenstone; reinforcing fillers such as mica; friction and wear modifiers including lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide; antimony trisulphide, metals such as copper, zinc, brass or aluminium in the form of wires, turnings or particles may each be incorporated as desired. Friction dusts or particles composed of cured and ground thermoset resins or rubbers may also be added.
  • compositions of the present invention which have total fibre contents below about 40% by volume are particularly suited to use in the method of producing friction materials which consists of
  • the sheet is required to have adequate strength before curing and we have found that the organic fibres mixed with the inorganic fibres provide the necessary strength.
  • This process is particularly suited to the production of brake linings.
  • the friction material of this invention is suitable for manufacture by a slurry technique in which the fibres, binder and other ingredients are dispersed in water by means of a beater to form a pulp.
  • the pulp is then formed into a sheet by deposition on a wire screen or felt and the water sucked out.
  • the sheet is then dried, cut into desired shapes and cured by application of heat and pressure.
  • This technique is particularly suited to the manufacture of clutch facin g s.
  • Annular clutch facings of outside diameter 152.4mm and inside diameter 127mm were manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from friction materials having the formulations given in Table I below, all quantities being given as parts by volume.
  • the coefficients of friction determined were in the range 0.3 to 0.4 in a 203.2mm x 146.05mm coil spring clutch against a cast iron flywheel and pressure plate.
  • the clutch facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 tc 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 6,750 to 8,000rpm at 200°C, (Burst strength is measured by rotating the clutch facing about its axis at increasing rpm until it breaks through centrifugal force), and a cross breaking strength of 75,842 to 82,737KN/m 2 (cross breaking strength is measured by placing a sample of the facing on two supports 25.4mm apart, and then measuring the load required midway between the supports to break the facing).
  • the facings so produced had a burst strength of 10,000 to 12,500rpm at ambient temperature, and 7,000 to 7,500rpm at 200°C.
  • the facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 9,250 to 9,750rpm at 200°C, and a cross breaking strength of 82,737KN/m2.
  • compositions were compounded to the formulations given below in Tables V, and VI rolled out into sheet form, shaped into a curved form suitable for brake linings, cured and made into sample brake linings. The curing was carried out in an oven at 238 0 C for a period of 90 minutes.

Abstract

The invention concerns a composition for a friction material, e.g. for a brake lining or clutch facing, of the type containing a fibrous reinforcement, a binder and various additives.
The friction material contains no asbestos, but has properties comparable with asbestos-based materials. The composition contains a thermoset binder, which may be based on a phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a heat and chemical resistant rubber, the binder making up 15 to 40% by volume of the material. The fibrous reinforcement is a mixture of an inorganic fibre selected from metal fibres, e.g. steel glass fibre, mineral wools manufactured from slags or naturally occuring rocks such as basalt, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino silicate type; with at least one organic fibrous material such as wood pulp, jute, sisal, cotton.
70 to 4 % by volume of the material consists of the fibrous reinforcement, preferably 50 to 10% by volume. The inorganic fibrous material is the main reinforcement of the friction material, the organic fibrous material providing integrity and strength during manufacture. I

Description

  • This invention relates to friction materials, and more particularly to friction materials of the kind used for clutch linings, brake linings and similar uses.
  • Friction materials of this kind are generally composed of a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement, generally asbestos, and various fillers and other additives. Proposals have been made regarding the replacement of asbestos with other materials but without complete success owing to the severe operating temperatures and pressures which the materials are required to withstand under repeated application without failure or deterioration in friction properties.
  • According to the present invention a friction material comprises a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives, the thermoset binder making-up 15 to 40 per cent by volume of the material, and the fibrous reinforcement making up 70 to 4 per cent by volume of the material the fibrous reinforcement comprising a mixture of at least one inorganic fibrous material selected from metal fibres; glass fibre; mineral wools manufactured from slags or naturally occurring rocks such as basalt; silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type; with at least one organic fibrous material.
  • Preferably the fibrous reinforcement constitutes 10 to 50 per cent by volume of the friction material.
  • The preferred amount of inorganic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 40 per cent by volume of the material, and the preferred amount of organic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 18 per cent by volume of the material.
  • In general when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of metal fibres such as steel fibre its amount will preferably be in the lower end of the preferred range e.g. 3 to 15 per cent by volume, whilst when the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of glass fibre its amount will preferably be in the higher part of the preferred range e.g. 9 to 40 per cent by volume.
  • The organic fibrous material consists of short lengths of fibre and may comprise cellulose fibres from sources such as wood pulp, jute, sisal, or cotton linters. A function of the organic fibrous material is to convey green strength to the material during production, and to this end the organic fibres must be opened fibre, when natural products are used. Thus wood pulp is a suitable organic fibrous material whilst wood flour is not since the fibres of the wood are bound tightly by resin and wood flour acts only as a filler.
  • The inorganic fibrous material is also in the form of short lengths of fibre and is the main reinforcement of the friction material. Where mineral wool is being used as the inorganic reinforcement it is preferred that it contains a minimum of the small non-fibrous agglomerates of mineral usually referred to as shot. Where it is desired to use large quantities of glass fibres in a particular formulation it is advantageous to use milled glass fibres or chopped strand glass i.e. glass in the form of continuous bundles of fine glass filaments, bound together with coatings of sizes commonly used by the glass fibre industry, then chopped into short strands composed of a multitude of fine parallel filaments. The preferred chopped strand length is 3 to 13mm. However, shorter fibres may be used if desired. It is also desirable to use glass whose individual filaments are coated with a coupling agent applied during the manufacturing process to improve the bond between the glass and the thermoset binder.
  • The preferred metal fibre is steel fibre, which may be mild steel and is preferably in the form of short lengths of fine steel fibre e.g. diameter of the order of 0.125mm and length in the range 1 to 5 mm.
  • In the friction material the binder is preferably an organic binder, for example a thermosetting resin such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin, or a heat and chemical resistant natural or synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • Preferably the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and more preferably a mixture of such a resin with a heat and chemical resistant cured rubber such as nitrile rubber.
  • The other fillers and additives in the friction material may be taken from a number of classes of such materials, and the nature and amount of each such material is chosen to achieve the particular desired cost/property combination. Inorganic particulate fillers such as barytes, whiting, rottenstone; reinforcing fillers such as mica; friction and wear modifiers including lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide; antimony trisulphide, metals such as copper, zinc, brass or aluminium in the form of wires, turnings or particles may each be incorporated as desired. Friction dusts or particles composed of cured and ground thermoset resins or rubbers may also be added.
  • The compositions of the present invention which have total fibre contents below about 40% by volume are particularly suited to use in the method of producing friction materials which consists of
    • (a) intimately mixing all the ingredients of the composition together, uncured liquid resin binder serving to bind the compounded mass together or tacky uncured rubber binder serving the same purpose
    • (b) forming the composition into a sheet
    • (c) shaping the sheet where necessary (as in the manufacture of cur,ved linings for drum brakes) and
    • (d) curing the material.
  • In this process the sheet is required to have adequate strength before curing and we have found that the organic fibres mixed with the inorganic fibres provide the necessary strength. This process is particularly suited to the production of brake linings.
  • Alternatively, particularly for those compositions which have a total fibre content above about 30% by volume the friction material of this invention is suitable for manufacture by a slurry technique in which the fibres, binder and other ingredients are dispersed in water by means of a beater to form a pulp. The pulp is then formed into a sheet by deposition on a wire screen or felt and the water sucked out. The sheet is then dried, cut into desired shapes and cured by application of heat and pressure. This technique is particularly suited to the manufacture of clutch facings.
  • The invention will now be illustrated in the following Examples.
    • Examples 1 to 3
  • Annular clutch facings of outside diameter 152.4mm and inside diameter 127mm were manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from friction materials having the formulations given in Table I below, all quantities being given as parts by volume.
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
  • The clutch facings produced, when run against a cast iron counterface on a small scale friction and wear testing machine, showed lower wear rates and higher coefficients of friction than similar materials containing asbestos.
  • The coefficients of friction determined were in the range 0.3 to 0.4 in a 203.2mm x 146.05mm coil spring clutch against a cast iron flywheel and pressure plate.
    • Example 4
  • An annular clutch facing, 203.2mm outside diameter, was manufactured by the slurry technique mentioned above from the formulation given in Table II below.
    Figure imgb0003
  • The clutch facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 tc 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 6,750 to 8,000rpm at 200°C, (Burst strength is measured by rotating the clutch facing about its axis at increasing rpm until it breaks through centrifugal force), and a cross breaking strength of 75,842 to 82,737KN/m2 (cross breaking strength is measured by placing a sample of the facing on two supports 25.4mm apart, and then measuring the load required midway between the supports to break the facing).
    • Example 5
  • An annular clutch facing 152.4mm outside diameter was manufactured by the slurry technique from the formulation given in Table III.
    Figure imgb0004
  • The facings so produced had a burst strength of 10,000 to 12,500rpm at ambient temperature, and 7,000 to 7,500rpm at 200°C.
    • Example 6
  • An annular clutch facing of 203.2mm outside diameter was manufactured by the slurry technique from the formulation given in Table IV.
    Figure imgb0005
  • The facings so produced had a burst strength of 11,000 to 11,500rpm at ambient temperature and 9,250 to 9,750rpm at 200°C, and a cross breaking strength of 82,737KN/m2.
  • The previous Examples all illustrate the use of the friction materials of this invention in clutch facings. The following examples illustrate the use of the materials in brake linings.
    • Examples 7 to 16
  • Compositions were compounded to the formulations given below in Tables V, and VI rolled out into sheet form, shaped into a curved form suitable for brake linings, cured and made into sample brake linings. The curing was carried out in an oven at 2380C for a period of 90 minutes.
  • In each case the friction and wear properties of the material as determined on a 254mm x 69.85mm hydraulic 2 leading shoe brake rig mounted on a dynamometer were found to be comparable to conventional asbestos containing brake-linings.
  • In the tables below all quantities are given as parts by volume.
    Figure imgb0006
    Figure imgb0007

Claims (15)

1. A friction material comprising a thermoset binder, a fibrous reinforcement and other fillers and additives wherein the thermoset binder makes up 15 to 40% by volume of the material and the fibrous reinforcement makes up 70 to 4% by volume of the material, the fibrous reinforcement comprising a mixture of at least one inorganic fibrous material selected from metal fibres, glass fibre, mineral wools manufactured from slags or naturally occurring rocks, silica fibres and ceramic fibres of the alumino-silicate type with at least one organic fibrous material.
2. A friction material according to Claim-1 in which the fibrous reinforcement constitutes.10 to 50% by volume of the friction material.
3. A friction material according to Claim 1 or 2 in which the amount of inorganic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 40% by volume of the material.
4. A friction material according to Claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the amount of organic fibrous material is in the range 3 to 18% by volume of the material.
5. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims in which the inorganic fibrous material is steel fibres and its amount is in the range 3 to 15% by volume of the material.
6. A friction material according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 in which the inorganic fibrous material is in the form of glass fibre and its amount is in the range 9 to 40% by volume of the material.
7. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims in which the organic fibrous material comprises short lengths of fibre and is a natural fibre.
8. A friction material according to Claim 7 in which the fibre comprises wood pulp, jute, sisal or cotton.
9. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims in which the binder comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
10. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims in which the binder includes a heat and chemical resistant rubber.
11. A friction material according to Claim 10 in which said rubber is nitrile rubber.
12. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises at least one inorganic particulate filler.
13. A friction material according to any one of the preceding claims which includes one or-more friction or wear modifiers selected from graphite, molybdenum disulphide, antimony trisulphide and copper, zinc, brass and aluminium.
14. A clutch facing comprising a friction material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
15. A brake lining comprising a friction material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
EP19780300259 1977-08-10 1978-08-08 Friction materials and their uses Expired EP0000840B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33482/77A GB1604827A (en) 1977-08-10 1977-08-10 Friction materials
GB3348277 1977-08-10
GB3348377 1977-08-10
GB3348377 1977-08-10

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EP0000840A1 true EP0000840A1 (en) 1979-02-21
EP0000840B1 EP0000840B1 (en) 1981-07-01

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EP19780300259 Expired EP0000840B1 (en) 1977-08-10 1978-08-08 Friction materials and their uses

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EP (1) EP0000840B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5434350A (en)
AU (1) AU3875578A (en)
BR (1) BR7805105A (en)
CS (1) CS216920B2 (en)
DD (1) DD138075A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2860811D1 (en)
IN (1) IN148772B (en)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2457887A1 (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-26 Akebono Brake Ind FRICTION MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR BRAKES
EP0050377A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-04-28 Rütgerswerke Aktiengesellschaft Asbest-free friction material
DE3117823A1 (en) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-25 Raybestos Manhattan Gmbh & Co, 5608 Radevormwald Process for producing friction linings for friction clutches and friction lining produced by the process
DE3225214A1 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo Asbestos-free friction material
EP0122562A1 (en) * 1983-04-06 1984-10-24 Kyowa Works Co., Ltd. A synchronizer ring in vehicle speed change gear
EP0035463B1 (en) * 1980-02-28 1984-12-27 Goodyear Aerospace Corporation Organic-type brake linings free of asbestos
DE3329063A1 (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-02-28 Frenzelit Werke GmbH & Co KG, 8582 Bad Berneck Asbestos-free, lamellar layered material
EP0147508A1 (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-07-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Wet friction material
EP0176193A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-04-02 Ferodo Limited Manufacture of asbestos-free friction facing material
EP0180381A2 (en) * 1984-10-20 1986-05-07 Nuturn Corporation Friction materials and their manufacture
US4617162A (en) * 1980-12-11 1986-10-14 Rex Patent Graf Von Rex Gmbh & Co Kg Friction linings, in particular for clutch facings, and method for their production
WO1987001774A1 (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-03-26 Frenzelit-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for manufacturing friction linings, and friction linings thus produced
EP0492601A2 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-07-01 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Non-asbestos friction material
WO1992022756A1 (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-23 Textar Gmbh Friction lining and method of manufacturing it
EP0579180A1 (en) * 1992-07-14 1994-01-19 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Friction materials
WO1997031196A1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Pinkhasovich Anatoly Veniamino Reinforcing filler, friction polymer composite material and a brake friction element
EP0781935A3 (en) * 1995-12-27 2000-03-29 Meritor Automotive, Inc. Composite brake drum and method for producing same
WO2000066819A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Ecco Gleittechnik Gmbh Reinforcing fibers and/or processing fibers based on plant fibers and method for the production thereof
EP1840406A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Aisin Kako Kabushiki Kaisha Clutch facing
US8808412B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2014-08-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools
CN111455560A (en) * 2020-04-27 2020-07-28 邵庆河 Intelligent panty-shape diapers cotton fibre processing equipment

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AT383607B (en) * 1979-11-07 1987-07-27 Akzo Nv FRICTION COVER
JPS57186119A (en) * 1981-05-11 1982-11-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Quantitative container
JPS57184720U (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-11-24
JPH0714890Y2 (en) * 1989-01-24 1995-04-10 株式会社イナックス Urinary component measuring urinal
CN112626665B (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-09-09 东台市华阳玻纤有限责任公司 Method for manufacturing twill bulked woven cloth for brake tile of brake
CN117413022A (en) * 2021-05-28 2024-01-16 株式会社Adeka Composition, method for producing cured product, and cured product

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US3007890A (en) * 1959-05-07 1961-11-07 Chrysler Corp Friction elements and method of making the same
FR1363324A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-06-12 Brake linings comprising an improved phenolic resin and method of manufacture thereof
FR2035404A5 (en) * 1969-02-14 1970-12-18 Kelsey Hayes Co
FR2208487A5 (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-06-21 Johns Manville Abrasive compsn. for brake shoes - for railway rolling stock

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3007890A (en) * 1959-05-07 1961-11-07 Chrysler Corp Friction elements and method of making the same
FR1363324A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-06-12 Brake linings comprising an improved phenolic resin and method of manufacture thereof
FR2035404A5 (en) * 1969-02-14 1970-12-18 Kelsey Hayes Co
FR2208487A5 (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-06-21 Johns Manville Abrasive compsn. for brake shoes - for railway rolling stock

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2457887A1 (en) * 1979-05-28 1980-12-26 Akebono Brake Ind FRICTION MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR BRAKES
EP0035463B1 (en) * 1980-02-28 1984-12-27 Goodyear Aerospace Corporation Organic-type brake linings free of asbestos
EP0050377A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-04-28 Rütgerswerke Aktiengesellschaft Asbest-free friction material
EP0054260B1 (en) * 1980-12-11 1987-03-25 Rex-Patent Graf von Rex KG Process for the manufacture of friction linings, and the friction linings, especially for clutches
US4617162A (en) * 1980-12-11 1986-10-14 Rex Patent Graf Von Rex Gmbh & Co Kg Friction linings, in particular for clutch facings, and method for their production
DE3117823A1 (en) * 1981-05-06 1982-11-25 Raybestos Manhattan Gmbh & Co, 5608 Radevormwald Process for producing friction linings for friction clutches and friction lining produced by the process
DE3225214A1 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo Asbestos-free friction material
EP0122562A1 (en) * 1983-04-06 1984-10-24 Kyowa Works Co., Ltd. A synchronizer ring in vehicle speed change gear
DE3329063A1 (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-02-28 Frenzelit Werke GmbH & Co KG, 8582 Bad Berneck Asbestos-free, lamellar layered material
EP0147508A1 (en) * 1983-12-28 1985-07-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Wet friction material
EP0176193A1 (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-04-02 Ferodo Limited Manufacture of asbestos-free friction facing material
US4631209A (en) * 1984-08-30 1986-12-23 Ferodo Ltd. Manufacture of asbestos-free friction facing material
EP0180381A3 (en) * 1984-10-20 1989-01-11 Nuturn Corporation Friction materials and their manufacture
EP0180381A2 (en) * 1984-10-20 1986-05-07 Nuturn Corporation Friction materials and their manufacture
WO1987001774A1 (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-03-26 Frenzelit-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for manufacturing friction linings, and friction linings thus produced
EP0492601A2 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-07-01 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Non-asbestos friction material
EP0492601A3 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-09-16 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Non-asbestos friction material
US5360842A (en) * 1990-12-27 1994-11-01 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Non-asbestos friction material
WO1992022756A1 (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-12-23 Textar Gmbh Friction lining and method of manufacturing it
TR27256A (en) * 1991-06-13 1994-12-21 Textar Gmbh The method for friction coating and also for the manufacture of a friction coating.
US6107386A (en) * 1992-07-14 2000-08-22 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Friction materials
EP0579180A1 (en) * 1992-07-14 1994-01-19 Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. Friction materials
EP0781935A3 (en) * 1995-12-27 2000-03-29 Meritor Automotive, Inc. Composite brake drum and method for producing same
WO1997031196A1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Pinkhasovich Anatoly Veniamino Reinforcing filler, friction polymer composite material and a brake friction element
WO2000066819A1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-09 Ecco Gleittechnik Gmbh Reinforcing fibers and/or processing fibers based on plant fibers and method for the production thereof
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CS216920B2 (en) 1982-12-31
BR7805105A (en) 1979-04-24
DD138075A5 (en) 1979-10-10
AU3875578A (en) 1980-02-14
DE2860811D1 (en) 1981-10-08
IN148772B (en) 1981-06-06
EP0000840B1 (en) 1981-07-01
JPS5434350A (en) 1979-03-13

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