EP0000612B1 - Double sectioned tank in particular for ship's ballast and cargo - Google Patents

Double sectioned tank in particular for ship's ballast and cargo Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000612B1
EP0000612B1 EP78200116A EP78200116A EP0000612B1 EP 0000612 B1 EP0000612 B1 EP 0000612B1 EP 78200116 A EP78200116 A EP 78200116A EP 78200116 A EP78200116 A EP 78200116A EP 0000612 B1 EP0000612 B1 EP 0000612B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
partition member
cargo
ballast
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78200116A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000612A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick J. Strain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0000612A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000612A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000612B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000612B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/58—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by displacement of walls
    • B65D88/60—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by displacement of walls of internal walls
    • B65D88/62—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by displacement of walls of internal walls the walls being deformable

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a tank which may be used for example on a ship such as an oil tanker, and more particularly concerns a tank which is expandable into the cargo space of such a ship yet which is physically separated therefrom.
  • a ship such as an oil tanker
  • This invention relates generally to a tank which is expandable into the cargo space of such a ship yet which is physically separated therefrom.
  • the carriage of oil by sea has grown to massive proportions, both in terms of the amount of oil that is carried and in the size of the ships that carry it.
  • the bulk of the oil is transported over long distances, from where it is produced to where it is consumed.
  • Special ships known as oil tankers are used for carrying the oil. After discharge, the oil tankers usually return empty for the next load of oil.
  • Oil tankers are very safe and responsive ships from stability and manoeuvering points of view when in the loaded condition. However, they can be very unstable and practically unmanoeuverable when in the fully unloaded condition. To overcome these defects oil tankers when in the unloaded condition are ballasted (i.e. loaded) with sea water to approximately one third of their maximum cargo capacity, for the return journey to load another oil cargo.
  • United States Patent No. 3,943,873 of Hering illustrates a ballasting system for ships consisting of flexible membranes attached in liquid sealing relationship within the oil tank to the overhead structure, bulk heads and bottom of the tank at the quarter-points thereby separating the oil tank into a cargo section and the ballast section.
  • Snoddy United States Patent No. 2,696,185 issued December 7, 1954 describes and illustrates a cargo ship having a pair of flexible membranes or diaphragms attached to the walls to form separate compartments. This permits simultaneous carrying of different types of cargos.
  • the system uses totally flexible membranes attached horizontally within the vessel.
  • French Patent No. 2,106,988 discloses a cargo tank divided into two sections by a displaceable rigid partition member vertically guided over the full height of the tank between upper and lower positions.
  • the periphery of the partition member is connected to the lid of the tank by means of a deformable member which, when the partition member is in the lower position, is of cylindrical shape so as to follow the contour of the tank.
  • the deformable member is folded over on itself. This means that as the partition member is raised and lowered the partition member is subjected, being bent double, to an intolerable amount of wear, particularly in view of the fact that the partition member is guided by the walls of the tank which means that its periphery must be close thereto.
  • the present invention relates to a new type of double-bottom-tank or deep tank for a ship or otherwise which will allow both liquid cargo and liquid ballast or different kinds of cargo to be carried in the same physical space in the ship at different times, while not allowing any intermingling between the residues or vapours from the cargo or ballast which has been unloaded, with the new ballast or cargo which has been loaded, and which solves the various problems of the prior art discussed above.
  • the invention thus relates to a fluid tank for example for the cargo and ballast space of a ship, which tank is divided into sections by a displaceable, impermeable member with appropriate fluid inlet and outlet means being provided for each section, the displaceable member being a vertically movable rigid partition member dividing the space into an upper section above said partition member and a lower section below said rigid partition member and being connected to the tank by an impermeable flexible sheet of material, each section to be used to carry fluid at a different time from the other, and the partition member being movable between upper and lower positions and being guided therebetween, whereby different fluids can be carried at different times in each section in substantially the same physical space, while not allowing any intermingling between the residues of the fluids from one section to the other.
  • the invention is characterized in that said partition member has an external periphery spaced from the walls of the tank to define a gap therebetween, said rigid partition member is guided between the upper and lower positions by guide means provided in said tank and separate from the walls thereof, a rigid peripheral flange portion is secured to the edge of the tank, with which the rigid partition member mates when in its upper position to close said gap and provide a rigid partition extending from wall to wall of this tank, said rigid partition defining the top of the lower section when the rigid partition member is in said upper position, and the impermeable flexible sheet of material is secured to the rigid partition member and to a fixed part of the tank to the side of and at substantially the same level as, the partition member when in its upper position to prevent fluid communication between the sections, said flange portion having a width such that it defines a space therebelow sufficient to accommodate said flexible sheet of material and allow unimpeded movement of the partition member during raising and lowering thereof.
  • the impermeable flexible sheet of material is secured to the partition and a fixed part of the tank to the side of the partition, which may be the peripheral flange portion, to prevent fluid communication between the sections.
  • This construction will allow no intermingling between the residues of the fluids from one section to the other.
  • the flexible sheet may consist of rubber or other impervious or oil tight material and connects the fixed and movable parts of the tank at all times. This sheet is made long enough to assume the inner contours of the sides of the ship when the partition is in its lowest, i.e. cargo, position in a ship.
  • the movable partition can be raised or lowered by any appropriate means, for example by one or by a combination of the following methods:
  • the moveable partition of the tank is firmly held or guided in its various positions by suitable mechanical means, including one, or a combination, of the following: guide bars, recessed landings and spigots, hydraulic locking pins, and splines on the central ram which mesh with a keyway in a fixed guide bearing.
  • suitable mechanical means including one, or a combination, of the following: guide bars, recessed landings and spigots, hydraulic locking pins, and splines on the central ram which mesh with a keyway in a fixed guide bearing.
  • the flexible sheet when hanging loosely, may be restrained as necessary by springs or pieces of elastic material.
  • ballast water to be discharged from these tanks in the same general condition in which it is loaded, i.e. completely uncontaminated by cargo residues or vapours.
  • shipowner is provided with a smaller displacement ship for the same cargo carrying capacity than would be the case with a similar ship fitted with segregated ballast tanks.
  • the device according to the present invention allows increased flexibility in the amount of ballast water carried in the ship at any particular time, thus allowing the ship's captain to decide on the optimum amount of ballast water to suit the prevailing weather conditions, thereby permitting greater safety and economy in the ballasted conditions. If a ship is fitted with diaphragm tanks according to the present invention in each cargo space, the ship's captain is allowed greater flexibility in deciding on the location of the ballast water in the ship, thereby avoiding unnecessary strain on the ship's structure.
  • the invention permits designing, if it is considered necessary, a space between the movable partition when it is at its lowest position, and the bottom of the ship, thus providing double-bottom space to the shipowner's requirements when the ship is in the loaded condition.
  • the ballast space of the tank according to the present invention may alternatively be used for cargo if required on the return unloaded voyage, for example fresh water for industrial or agricultural purposes may be carried on a voyage between Canada and the Middle East.
  • such tanks may be used for carrying oil bunkers in the ballast space where the cargo space in which the tank is fitted is in the cargo unloaded condition.
  • the device according to the present invention permits compensation for the cost of installation of such tanks by the use of less steel during construction than would be the case on an identical cargo carrying capacity ship fitted with the segregated ballast system.
  • An oil tanker fitted with tanks according to the present invention will additionally have less freeboard than a similar cargo carrying capacity oil tanker fitted with segregated ballast tanks.
  • cargo tanks are shown with transverse framing, but it will be understood that longitudinal framing, or other types of stiffening, can be used with the tank system to the shipowner's requirements.
  • the part of the ship 10 forward of the broken lines shows the condition of the ship when on a voyage carrying ballast only.
  • rigid movable partitions 16 which are spaced from the walls of the tank have been adjusted and locked in their highest positions with flexible sheets of material 18 being restrained or held in position by strips of elastic material 20.
  • Hydraulic pressure between the movable cylinder 22 and the fixed ram 24 has raised the movable partitions 16 to their present positions.
  • the cargo sections or spaces 14 above the movable partitions 16 are empty, and the ballast sections or spaces 12 below the movable partitions 16 are filled with water ballast.
  • the part of ship 10 aft of the broken lines shows the condition of the ship 10 when on a voyage carrying a full cargo of oil.
  • the movable partitions 16 have been adjusted to their lowest position, with the cargo spaces 14 filled with oil and with the ballast, or optional double-bottom spaces 12 being empty.
  • the navigation bridge 26, crew accommodation 28, bow spaces 30, void spaces 32, transverse bulkheads 34, and main deck 36, are conventional.
  • the bottom 38 of the ship 10 is also conventional, except that internal stiffening may have to be rearranged to accept the movable partitions 16 when they are in the lowered position.
  • the propulsion machinery space 40 is also conventional, except that any machinery for operating the movable partitions 16 may be located in this space.
  • FIG 2 shows a transverse cross-sectional elevation of the part of Figure 1 forward of the broken lines.
  • the port side 50, longitudinal bulkheads 52, and the starboard side 54, of ship 10 are conventional. Members 50, 52 and 54 also provide the sides of the various tanks.
  • the movable partition 16 is shown near its lowest position.
  • the movable partition 16 is attached to the watertight flexible fabric sheet 18 by means of clamp bars 60 secured by bolts 62 and nuts 64.
  • the squeezing of the ends of the sheet 18, between the clamp bars 60 and the movable partition 16 at one end, and between the clamp bars 60 and a peripheral flange portion 66, which is fixed to the side walls of the tank, at the other end, ensures watertight/oiltight joints.
  • a circular piece is cut out of the center of the movable partition 16 and a hydraulic cylinder 22 is attached to the movable partition 16 by means of bolts 70 and nuts 72.
  • a hydraulic ram 24 is bolted to the bottom transverse stiffening frames 76 of ship 10 by bolts 78 and nuts 80.
  • a packing gland 82 is fitted at the lower end of hydraulic cylinder 22.
  • Piston rings 84, or other hydraulic oil restraining devices, are fitted at the upper end of ram 24.
  • Hydraulic oil inlet and return conduits 86 are fitted inside the hydraulic ram 24; these conduits can be either pipes or drilled holes, depending on whether the ram is hollow or solid.
  • a guide bar 88 is attached to the movable partition 16. This guide bar 88 passes through a close fit hole in the guide plate 90 which is attached to the peripheral flange portion 66.
  • a locking pin 92 which is attached to the fixed part of the tank top 66, fits into a hole in the locking plate 94, which is attached to the movable partition 16.
  • the locking pin 92 is operated by a small hydraulic cylinder 96 which uses hydraulic oil supplied and returned to a hydraulic pump by small hydraulic oil pipes 98.
  • the hydraulic pump which is used to operate the small hydraulic cylinder 96 can be the same pump which is used to operate the large hydraulic cylinder 22, or it can be a separate pump, as convenient. More than one guide bar 88 and locking pin 92 may be used for each movable partition 16.
  • the movable partition member 16 when the movable partition member 16 is in its highest position it mates with the peripheral flange portion 66 to close the gap between the movable partition member 16 and the walls of the tank and thereby provide a rigid partition extending from wall to wall of the tank.
  • the flexible sheet 18 is held in a secure position, when there is no oil cargo, by strips of elastic material or springs 20 which are attached to the fabric sheet 18 and to a suitable fixed part of the tank.
  • the pressure head of the cargo keeps the fabric sheet 18 firmly pressed against the fabric sheet support plates 100.
  • These fabric sheet support plates 100 may have small holes 102 drilled in them to avoid trapping air between the plates 100 and the fabric sheet 18.
  • the flexible sheet 18 may follow the inner contour of the ballast space 12 and rest directly against the tank plating. Furthermore, since the flexible sheet lies below the peripheral flange portion 66, this allows unimpeded movement of the partition member during raising and lowering thereof.
  • An oil cargo bilge well 104 is formed in the movable partition 16.
  • the oil cargo well 104 is fitted with a flexible reinforced suction hose 106, and strainer 108.
  • Seatings 110 are attached and spread out as necessary to the tops of the bottom transverse stiffening frames 76 to take the weight of the movable partition 16, plus the cargo weight, when cargo is loaded.
  • the height of the seatings 110 will govern the amount of space allowed as double-bottom tank space when the ship 10 is in the loaded condition.
  • the movable partition 16 can be raised e.g. by floating if it is of a suitable construction or by means of a winch on deck operating a wire and hook attached to the eye-bolt 112.
  • the hook and the wire are passed through a hole 114, in the main deck 36, which is directly above the centre of the hydraulic cylinder 22.
  • ballast sounding pipe 120 and the ballast space air vent pipe 122 are both attached to the peripheral flange portion 66.
  • the oil cargo space sounding pipe 126 is located over the movable partition 16 and is left short enough to clear the movable partition 16 when it is in its highest position.
  • Holes 128 are cut in the bottom transverse stiffening frames 76, for the ballast space filling pipe 130 and for the ballast space suction pipe 132.
  • the cargo space air vent 134, cargo space filling pipe 136, screwed caps 138 side stiffening frames 140 and bottom stiffening frames 76 are conventional.
  • this is basically the same tank configuration as in Figure 4, but with the major difference that the movable partition 16 is raised or lowered by air pressure, or by ballast water pressure, instead of by hydraulic oil pressure, i.e. the movable partition 16 in effect becomes a piston operated by low pressure air, or water, in the ballast space 12.
  • a guide cylinder 150 is attached to the top of the movable partition 16. This guide cylinder 150 is fitted with a guide spline 1 52, a locking pin cylindrical seating 154 to hold the movable partition 16 when in its lowest position and a locking pin cylindrical seating 156 to hold the movable partition 16 when in its highest position.
  • a horizontal beam 158 which may be box- shaped as drawn, has its ends welded to the sides of cargo space 14.
  • the beam 158 is cut near its centre and a solid bearing seating ring 160 is attached as shown.
  • a bronze guide bearing 162 for the guide cylinder 150 is fitted in the seating ring 160.
  • a square locating spigot 164 fits into the spigot seating 166 when the movable partition 16 is in its lowest position.
  • the ballast space air vent pipe 122 is fitted with an airtight screwed cap 168 and with a low pressure bursting disc 170.
  • a low pressure air filling line 172, for the ballast space 12, is fitted with a pressure gauge 174, an air relief valve 176 and a manually operated air dump valve 178.
  • the movable partition 16 may be reinforced by "L" shaped bars 180 or similar material as necessary.
  • An electrical spark ground wire 182 is fitted between the movable partition 16 and the beam 158 or other electrically grounded part of ship 10.
  • the spline 152 on the side of the guide cylinder 150 is a sliding fit in the keyway 190 that is cut in the guide bearing 162.
  • the top end of the reinforced suction hose 106 is attached to the fixed oil cargo suction pipe 192.
  • the tank forward bulkhead 194 and the tank aft bulkhead 196 are attached to the ship's port side 50 and to the longitudinal bulkhead 52.
  • a gasketed manhole 210 is fitted in the tank top 66 to afford access to the double-bottom space 12 for inspection purposes.
  • Holes 198 to facilitate access to nuts 64, are cut in the horizontal beam 158 as necessary.
  • An additional horizontal beam 200, complete with bearing seating ring 202 and top bronze guide bearing 204 is fitted to give extra stability to the longer cylindrical guide 150 when the movable partition 16 is being raised or lowered.
  • the bottom end of the reinforced suction hose 106 is attached to a vertical oil cargo suction pipe 206 which is fitted inside the hollow guide cylinder 150.
  • Oil cargo drain holes 208 are drilled at the bottom of the guide cylinder 150 and allow the oil cargo to drain into the relocated oil cargo bilge well 104.
  • the square locating spigot 164 and spigot seating 166 are placed in a different position and additional spigots and seatings are added as necessary.
  • the tank bottom 186 may also be the bottom of the ship is so designed.
  • the vertical beam 170 helps to support the top horizontal beam 200.
  • the movable partition 16 in Figure 7 could, with slight and obvious modifications, be raised and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder as in Figure 4.
  • the hydraulic pump 44, Figure 1, and the ballast pump can now be stopped and the oil cargo loaded into space 14 through the oil cargo inlet pipe 136.
  • the lateral pressure of the oil gently forces the fabric sheet 18 against the sides of the ballast space 12 and against the flexible sheet support plates 100. Any air trapped between the flexible sheet 18 and the flexible sheet support plates 100 can escape through the small holes 102.
  • the cargo pump When it is desired to unload the oil cargo, the cargo pump is started and the oil cargo space 14 is emptied through the oil cargo suction hose 106.
  • the hydraulic pump 44, in Figure 1 is again started and cylinder 22 is slowly pressurized which slowly raises the movable partition 16 to its highest position.
  • the strips of elastic material or springs 20 are positioned to prevent the fabric sheet 18 from getting trapped between the movable partition 16 and the peripheral flange portion 66.
  • the locking pin 92 is now pushed into the hole in the locking plate 94 by hydraulic cylinder 96.
  • the hydraulic oil pump 44, Figure 1 is next stopped and the ballast space 12 is filled with water through the ballast space filling pipe 130.
  • hydraulic oil cylinder 22 could be adapted to use air or steam as the medium for the movable partition 16.
  • the cap 168 is first removed from the ballast space air vent pipe 122. Then the ballast water in space 12 is pumped overboard through the suction pipe 132. When ballast space 12 is empty, cap 168 is replaced and cap 138 is checked for tightness. The air compressor, which is in connection with pipe 172, is now started and compressed air is allowed into ballast space 12. Bearing in mind the large "piston area" and relatively low weight of the movable partition 16, the compressed air will have a very low pressure. When the low pressure air, acting beneath the movable partition 16, balances the weight of the partition 16, the locking pin 92 can be withdrawn from seating 156.
  • the air compressor can now be stopped and the air in space 12 slowly released through valve 178. This will allow the movable partition 16 to gently settle to its lowest position.
  • Spline 152 acting in keyway 190, Figure 6, in guide bearing 162 prevents the movable partition 16 from rotating while it is being lowered.
  • movable partitiona 16 is locked in position by pin 92 being pushed into seating 154.
  • the oil cargo can now be loaded through pipe 136.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
EP78200116A 1977-08-01 1978-07-24 Double sectioned tank in particular for ship's ballast and cargo Expired EP0000612B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US820703 1977-08-01
US05/820,703 US4117796A (en) 1977-08-01 1977-08-01 Double sectioned tank

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000612A1 EP0000612A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000612B1 true EP0000612B1 (en) 1981-09-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78200116A Expired EP0000612B1 (en) 1977-08-01 1978-07-24 Double sectioned tank in particular for ship's ballast and cargo

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4117796A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0000612B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5426517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2861227D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US9521858B2 (en) 2005-10-21 2016-12-20 Allen Szydlowski Method and system for recovering and preparing glacial water
US8814874B2 (en) * 2007-02-13 2014-08-26 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Navigated cut guide for total knee reconstruction
WO2011047275A1 (en) 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 World's Fresh Waters Pte. Ltd Method and system for processing glacial water
US9017123B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2015-04-28 Allen Szydlowski Method and system for a towed vessel suitable for transporting liquids
US9371114B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2016-06-21 Allen Szydlowski Method and system for a towed vessel suitable for transporting liquids
US11584483B2 (en) 2010-02-11 2023-02-21 Allen Szydlowski System for a very large bag (VLB) for transporting liquids powered by solar arrays
KR102303038B1 (ko) * 2015-06-01 2021-09-16 대우조선해양 주식회사 Vlcc용 벨로우즈 타입의 밸러스트 탱크 모듈 및 이를 가지는 선박
JP6486851B2 (ja) * 2016-03-02 2019-03-20 住友重機械マリンエンジニアリング株式会社 船舶
CN108801388A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-11-13 广船国际有限公司 一种测深头盖及使用其的船舶
RU2760364C1 (ru) * 2021-06-07 2021-11-24 Акционерное общество «Санкт-Петербургское морское бюро машиностроения «Малахит» Балластно-грузовая цистерна подводного газовоза для транспортировки сжиженных газов, преимущественно сжиженного природного газа

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0000612A1 (en) 1979-02-07
JPS5426517A (en) 1979-02-28
DE2861227D1 (en) 1981-12-10
JPS627076B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-02-14
US4117796A (en) 1978-10-03

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