EP0000529B1 - Dispositif de couplage pour fibre optique - Google Patents

Dispositif de couplage pour fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000529B1
EP0000529B1 EP78100414A EP78100414A EP0000529B1 EP 0000529 B1 EP0000529 B1 EP 0000529B1 EP 78100414 A EP78100414 A EP 78100414A EP 78100414 A EP78100414 A EP 78100414A EP 0000529 B1 EP0000529 B1 EP 0000529B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
optical
fibre
light
adapter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100414A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000529A1 (fr
Inventor
Luc Jeunhomme
Jean-Paul Pocholle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA filed Critical Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Publication of EP0000529A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000529A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000529B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000529B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4256—Details of housings
    • G02B6/4257—Details of housings having a supporting carrier or a mounting substrate or a mounting plate
    • G02B6/4259—Details of housings having a supporting carrier or a mounting substrate or a mounting plate of the transparent type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4287—Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide
    • G02B6/4289—Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide by inducing bending, microbending or macrobending, to the light guide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling device for optical fiber.
  • an optical fiber consists of a core with an optical index N surrounded by a sheath with an index n smaller than N and makes it possible to guide a light in the core which can, for example, be modulated for telecommunication purposes.
  • a coupling device allowing, without interrupting the optical fiber, either to introduce light into the fiber, or to derive a fraction of the light which it guides in order, for example, to have, in the vicinity of the point of diversion, information that the fiber carries further.
  • no truly effective device of this kind has been proposed. Such a device must in particular apply to multimode fibers. These fibers are those in the heart of which light can propagate in several distinct modes.
  • the change in propagation constant is obtained by inducing alternating curvatures in the fiber using two networks formed by two regular successions of hollows and projections etched in two blocks, the projections of a network being opposite each other's hollows. It is known in fact (Bell System Technical Journal 52, 1973, page 817) that, when the position of the axis of the fiber, its curvature, the index or the diameter of the core undergo fluctuations along the axis of propagation, there is an exchange of energy between different modes corresponding to different values of the propagation constant K.
  • the index adapter consists of a thin plate of a transparent material, one edge of which carries an undulation constituting a network ("grating") and is applied against the fiber so as to ensure periodic deformation of that -this.
  • the optical contact between this edge and the sheath of the fiber allows light to pass through this thin plate, in which it is directed towards a curved edge which reflects it and focuses it on a detector placed in contact with another edge.
  • This same device also makes it possible to introduce light into the fiber.
  • it is generally desired to introduce into the fiber as large a fraction as possible of the light produced by a light-emitting diode (LED).
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • the efficiency of such a light introducing device is very poor because the diode emits light from a emitting surface which is not small, and in a solid angle which is large. If we use, for example a lens which receives all the light emitted by the diode, and which concentrates it all on the surface of the section of the core of the fiber, most of this light is made with the axis of the fiber far too large an angle for this light to propagate through the fiber.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a coupling device for optical fiber making it possible to obtain good coupling efficiency, in particular for coupling with a light emitting diode emitting light in a large solid angle, without requiring cutting the optical fiber.
  • Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention seen in section through a plane passing through its axis, the coupling means between the inside and the outside of the fiber not being shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows a view of the device of FIG. 1 in section through a plane perpendicular to its axis.
  • FIG. 3 represents a sectional view of a device for injecting light into an optical fiber, the section plane passing through the axis of this device.
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of the device of Figure 3 in section through a plane perpendicular to its axis.
  • FIG. 5 represents, in strong lines, a view of a coupling device according to the invention in section through a plane passing through its axis.
  • fine lines represent various lines and a hyperbola that can be traced in the section plane to allow a better understanding of the shape of the optical surface of the device.
  • FIG. 6 represents a view of a light extraction device according to the invention, with use of a reflecting optical surface, this device being cut by a plane passing through its axis.
  • FIG. 7 represents a view of a device for injecting and extracting light according to the invention, in section through a plane passing through its axis.
  • this device has an axis 2, shown in phantom, this axis also being that of a portion of straight optical fiber and / or the middle axis of a portion of corrugated fiber;
  • these coupling means may advantageously include means for coupling modes capable of creating alternating curvatures in a portion of the fiber and thus giving this portion an undulating shape oscillating around a mean axis. This makes it possible to couple modes with high propagation constants propagating in the core with modes with low propagation constants propagating in the sheath.
  • These mode coupling means are associated with an adapter of index 3 (FIGS. 1 and 2) consisting of a transparent medium whose index is not substantially less than. that of the sheath. This adapter makes it possible to couple the modes propagating in the sheath with light propagating in this transparent medium and constituting said set of rays.
  • optical surface is then constituted by a surface 5 of this index adapter.
  • the optical fiber is represented by a single line along the axis 2.
  • the index adapter has the shape of a solid cylinder, of revolution around the axis 2 and therefore surrounding the fiber .
  • This solid cylinder ends at one end with a cone of revolution around the same axis and forming a point towards the outside. It is the surface of this cone which constitutes said optical surface.
  • the mode coupling means which have just been indicated are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. They are analogous to the arrangements described in the Miller patent mentioned above. However, it has been found, according to the present invention, that a property, little exploited previously, could advantageously be used of the light which propagated in the index adapter either by exiting the sheath, or, conversely, by being able to enter it to form the previously mentioned modes.
  • This property is that these light rays all form substantially the same angle with the axis of the fiber. They therefore constitute a set of spokes of a particular type, comprising for example the spokes 4,6 8 and 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. This set is different from a parallel beam because the rays are located in various planes passing through the axis.
  • This set is on the other hand different from a beam converging on the axis because it comprises rays passing through various points of the axis.
  • the rays of this set do not pass exactly through the axis, but only in the vicinity of it. There is therefore a difference between the real rays and those of a set of rays exactly passing through the axis. This difference is less than the radius of the fiber and does not matter for the use of light when considering what is happening at a distance from the fiber significantly greater than its diameter.
  • the previously mentioned optical surface preferably extends up to a distance from the fiber greater than ten times its diameter, so that the rays arriving through this surface are, at least in majority, deflected by this surface. practically in the same way as if their extension exactly met axis 2.
  • the angle (a) (fig. 1) that the radii of this set make with the axis 2 is not perfectly predetermined. It can for example undergo a variation of 1.5 ° in more or less. This variation is somewhat troublesome for the implementation of the invention.
  • the choice of a high index for the adapter also has the advantage that the angle (a) is increased, which avoids excessive length of the adapter.
  • the value of this angle in radians is approximately given by the formula (n) being the index of the adapter 3 and (n,) being the index of the core of the fiber.
  • the surface represented in FIG. 1 is a diopter, that is to say that it separates two media of different indices, that of the adapter (n) and that of the air and that it is crossed by the light.
  • a the angle
  • b the angle at the top
  • FIGS. 3 and following The above-mentioned mode coupling means are shown in FIGS. 3 and following, in which the optical fiber is shown with a very large diameter and with exaggerated deformations, so as to facilitate understanding of the drawing.
  • These means are notably studied in a conference by L. Jeun Subscribe and JP Pocholle "T Coupler for multimode optical fiber", (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, AGARD, 7 rue Ancelle 92200 NEUILLY SUR SEINE, France) .
  • the report of this conference can be obtained from ONERA 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92 CHATILLON SOUS BAGNEUX, France and from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VIRGINIA 22151, USA.
  • NTIS National Technical Information Service
  • the optical action of these means can be defined by two quantities: the pitch P of the regular succession of alternating curvatures, and the amplitude of the deformation. This amplitude is typically between 10 and 100 microns.
  • the length of the corrugated portion of the latter can be between 10 and 50 mm approximately, and must be followed by a long portion at least 10 mm in optical contact with the adapter.
  • this wavy portion must be in optical contact with the index adapter, and its length must in principle be sufficient for any ray coming from said optical surface arrives on this undulating portion, the latter having to extend downstream beyond the illuminated portion.
  • mode coupling means indicated above seem to be most advantageous, other means could be used, such as, for example, a regular succession of thinning and thickening of the fiber core.
  • this adapter could equally well be made of a hard, moldable transparent material with a high index.
  • the index adapter 3 consists of two parts 14 and 16 each having in section the shape of a semicircle so as to constitute the complete circle by bringing these two parts together with the aid of a pressure means such than a screw 12 (Fig. 3).
  • the combination of the two successions of projections and depressions is often called a "network".
  • the optical contact between the fiber and the adapter is improved by the use of a suitable transparent oil, of index intermediate between that.
  • the light injection device shown in Figures 3 and 4 includes an adapter having a diameter of 26 mm, and a length on the axis of 75 mm, including the conical part. This length is entirely occupied by the network.
  • a converging step lens 20 (Fresnel lens) is arranged coaxially with the adapter on the side of the cone. It has a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 10 mm. At the focal point of this lens beyond this is disposed the emitting surface of a light-emitting diode 22 of the usual type whose radiation diagram is close to Lambert's law.
  • the light extraction device shown in FIG. 6 includes an index adapter 30 similar to the previous one. Its diameter is 30 mm. It comprises a network extending from its rear face over a length of 44 mm, and extending forwards by a long zone of 16 mm in which the fiber 18 does not undergo deformation, the optical contact being preserved .
  • This adapter ends forwards by a conical convex optical surface 32 with a half angle at the top equal to This optical surface is metallized so that the light which reaches it from the fiber is reflected in the adapter by forming a beam parallel to the axis 2 which reaches the front face 34.
  • This front face constitutes a diopter convergent of a type well known to opticians, and which makes it possible to converge the beam leaving the adapter towards a receiving diode 36.
  • This converging diopter is eccentric relative to the axis 2, so as to allow the diode to be placed 36 outside the axis 2. It is thus possible not only not to cut the fiber 18, but also not to bend it outside the adapter,
  • a single index adapter comprising a single network, and provided at each of its front and rear ends a dioptric optical surface, an optical input surface 42 and an optical output surface 44.
  • These optical surfaces can be conical. They must then each be associated with a converging lens, respectively 46 and 48, if it is desired to make a coupling with elements of small dimensions, respectively a light-emitting diode 50 and a receiving diode 52.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
EP78100414A 1977-07-25 1978-07-18 Dispositif de couplage pour fibre optique Expired EP0000529B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7722716A FR2399042A1 (fr) 1977-07-25 1977-07-25 Dispositif de couplage pour fibre optique
FR7722716 1977-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000529A1 EP0000529A1 (fr) 1979-02-07
EP0000529B1 true EP0000529B1 (fr) 1981-06-10

Family

ID=9193737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100414A Expired EP0000529B1 (fr) 1977-07-25 1978-07-18 Dispositif de couplage pour fibre optique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4253727A (it)
EP (1) EP0000529B1 (it)
JP (1) JPS5424045A (it)
CA (1) CA1111690A (it)
DE (1) DE2860751D1 (it)
DK (1) DK144926C (it)
FR (1) FR2399042A1 (it)
IE (1) IE47140B1 (it)
IT (1) IT1097143B (it)

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US4463254A (en) * 1981-08-27 1984-07-31 Trw Inc. Microbending of optical fibers for remote force measurement
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US5408554A (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-04-18 Porta System Corporation Fiber optic coupling
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0000529A1 (fr) 1979-02-07
IE781481L (en) 1979-01-25
DK144926C (da) 1982-11-29
IT7825688A0 (it) 1978-07-14
FR2399042A1 (fr) 1979-02-23
DK329178A (da) 1979-01-26
DK144926B (da) 1982-07-05
IT1097143B (it) 1985-08-26
FR2399042B1 (it) 1982-01-15
CA1111690A (fr) 1981-11-03
US4253727A (en) 1981-03-03
JPS5424045A (en) 1979-02-23
IE47140B1 (en) 1983-12-28
DE2860751D1 (en) 1981-09-17

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