EP0000516B1

EP0000516B1 - Sealing cup for hydraulic piston cylinder device

Info

Publication number: EP0000516B1
Application number: EP78100391A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Junzo Hasegawa; Masatoshi Yamada; Kaoru Nakamura; Eiichi Yasuda
Original assignee: Aisin Seiki Co Ltd; Toyota Motor Corp; Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
Current assignee: Toyota Motor Corp; Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc; Aisin Corp
Priority date: 1977-07-15
Filing date: 1978-07-13
Publication date: 1981-10-28
Also published as: EP0000516A1; US4345771A; JPS5420261A; JPS5854307B2; DE2861260D1

Description

The invention generally relates to a sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device as described in the preamble of claim 1 and adapted for use in vehicular devices.
Conventionally, automobiles are equipped with various types of hydraulic devices for actuating, for example, brakes and clutches. Such devices include piston-cylinder assem- bHes having pistons slidably movable in a cylinder bore. In order to provide a liquid-tight seal between the piston and the cylinder, an annular sealing member is used which is generally referred to as a piston cup or a sealing cup.
In general, such a piston cup comprises an annular base, an inner sealing lip extending from the annular base and having an inner sealing surface adapted to be engaged with the piston, and an outer sealing lip extending from the annular base and having an outer sealing surface adapted to be engaged with the inner wall surface of the cylinder bore. In one of typical arrangements, the piston cup is mounted on the piston and is slidably moved along the wall surface of the cylinder bore, however, in another arrangement, the piston cup may be mounted on the cylinder and the piston is moved with respect to the piston cup.
In so-called SAE type piston cups, the inner sealing surface on the inner sealing lip is of a frusto conical shape which is inclined radially inwardly from the base so that the lip is radially outwardly expanded upon engagement with the piston. Similarly, the outer sealing surface on the outer sealing lip is of a frustoconical shape which is inclined radially outwardly from the base whereby the lip is deformed radially inwardly upon engagement with the cylinder bore wall. In so-called OPEL type piston cups, the outer sealing surface on the outer sealing lip is defined in an area adjacent to the free end of the lip.
These known types of the piston cups have been recognized as providing a satisfactory sealing effect. However, problems have been experienced in operations of the brakes and clutches for example in that film of oil can not always be maintained on the surface on which the piston cup slidably moves with movement of the piston and there is often produced a substantial drag against the slidable movement thereof due to scrape of the cup. Thus, it is often required to apply a greater force for actuating the piston-cylinder devices. Further, there is sometimes produced a rough movement similar to a stick-slip movement so that it becomes difficult to ensure a stable operation of the devices.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device which can ensure a smooth and stable operation of the devices and can maintain lubricating oil on a sliding surface. This object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
In accordance with the present invention, an annular groove in the sealing surface serves to maintain a slight gap with respect to the co-operating surface or at least provide an area of smaller contact pressure when the sealing surface is brought into contact with the co-operating wall surface under pressure or by elasticity of the sealing cup, so that a small amount of oil is always retained between the sealing surface and the co-operating surface to provide an adequate lubrication. What is essential for the invention is to provide a pressure relief in the area of the maximum contact pressure, making the formation of a lubrication cushion possible.
This is a new principle in the present field since for the storage of lubricants, also in the installed condition, no recess is required in respect of the surface to be lubricated. In the state of the art, to date, it obviously had been proceeded in a manner that also in the installed condition the flank of a sealing body is radially retracted in respect of the cylinder wall to be sealed, thereby forming a recess.
Further improvements may be achieved by means of the features of the subclaims.
It is known (UK-A-944921, NL - A - 273853) to provide one or several recesses outside of the sealing lips in the area of an extended base of the sealing cup. As regards the position of their deepest point, the recesses differ from those of the invention. Additionally they differ in that they are located in areas, which, when the sealing is in its unstressed position are within the boundaries of the space to be sealed. It is further known to provide a plurality of circular grooves along the total flank of the sealing lips. Such a disposition results in great number of angular ribs, each of which leading to a concentration of contact pressure and thus to an increase in frictional resistance. Due to this the successive annular ribs impede increasingly the formation of an effective lubrication cushion in the groove disposed therebehind so that the desired effect cannot occur.
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a brake master cylinder in which piston cups in accordance with the present invention can be employed;
Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a piston cup in accordance with a conventional design;
Figure 3 is a sectional view similar to Figure 2 but showing an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the sliding drag force and the piston stroke;
Figure 5 is a diagram showing a change in hydraulic pressure in response to a piston stroke;
Figure 6 is a diagrammatical illustration of a conventional piston cup in unmounted condition;
Figure 7 is a diagrammatical illustration of the conventional piston cup shown in Figure 6 in an operative condition and showing pressure distributions on the sealing lips;
Figure 8 is a diagrammatical illustration similar to Figure 6 but showing a piston cup in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;.
Figure 9 is a diagrammatical illustration similar to Figure 7, but showing the piston cup of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 6 but showing, a typical example of so-called OPEL type piston cup;
Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 7 but showing the piston cup as shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 10 but showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a sealing cup as shown in Figure 10;
Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 11 but showing the piston cup as shown in Figure 12;
Figure 14 is a sectional view of a clutch actuating piston-cylinder device in which piston cups of the present invention may be incorporated;
Figure 15 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a piston cup designed for use in the piston-cylinder device shown in Figure 14 and embodying the feature of the present invention;
Figure 16 is an enlarged view of a section of the piston cup in Figure 15 specifically showing dimensional relationship between the piston cup and the piston and cylinder;
Figure 17 is a fragmentary sectional view of the sealing lip in the piston cup as shown in Figure 16 specifically showing how a wedge shaped gap is formed; and
Figures 18 (A) and (B) show modifications of the piston cup according to the present invention.
Figure 19 is a sectional view of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings, particularly to Figure 1, there is shown a brake master cylinder device which comprises a cylinder CY having a longitudinally or axially extending cylinder bore, and a first piston P₁ and a second piston P₂ both received in the cylinder bore for axial slidable movement. The first piston P₁ is connected with an actuating push rod PR which is in turn connected with a brake actuating member such as a brake pedal BP so that the first piston P₁ is axially displaced through an actuation of the brake pedal BP.
Between the first and second pistons P_i and P₂, there is defined a rear pressure chamber RC, while a front pressure chamber FC is defined between the second piston P₂ and the closed end of the cylinder bore opposite to push rod PR. The first piston P₁ is formed at its intermediate portion with a circumferential recess to define a rear oil chamber ROC. Similarly, the second piston P₂ is formed at its intermediate portion with a circumferentiai recess to define a front oil chamber FOC.
On the cylinder CY, there are mounted a first oil reservoir RT, and second oil reservoir RT₂. The first oil reservoir RT₁ is connected through a passage CH, with the rear pressure chamber RC and through a passage CH₃ with rear oil chamber ROC. The second oil reservoir RT₂ is connected respectively through passage CH₂ and CH₄ with the front pressure chamber FC and the front oil chamber FOC. The rear and front pressure chambers RC and FC are connected respectively through suitable conduits with rear and front wheel cylinders (not shown).
The first piston P, has a primary sealing cup PC, and a secondary sealing cup SC. The primary sealing cup PC_i is mounted on the first piston P_i at the end adjacent to the rear pressure chamber RC while the secondary sealing cup SC is mounted at the opposite end. The second piston P₂ has a pair of floating sealing cups FC₁ and FC₂ and a primary sealing cup PC₂. The primary sealing cup PC₂ is mounted on the second piston P₂ at an end adjacent to the front pressure chamber FC, while the floating cups FC, and FC₂ are mounted at the opposite end.
As the brake pedal BP is actuated, the first piston P_i is axially displaced through the push rod PR to such a position that the passage CH, is closed by the primary sealing cup PC,. Thus, a hydraulic pressure is produced in the rear pressure chamber RC and the second piston P₂ is then axially displaced under the pressure in the rear pressure chamber RC to produce a pressure in the front pressure chamber FC. The pressure in the chambers RC and FC is transmitted to the rear and front wheel cylinders to actuate the same.
It should be noted that the primary sealing cups PC₁ and PC₂ on the first and second pistons P_i and P₂, respectively, function to seal the rear and front pressure chambers RC and FC. The secondary sealing cup SC on the first piston P₁ functions to seal the inside of the cylinder CY from the atmosphere. Further, the floating cups FC₁ and FC₂ function to separate the front oil chamber FOC from the rear pressure chamber RC.
Figure 2 shows a typical example of so-called conventional SAE type sealing cup which is suitable for use as a primary cup or a floating sealing cup which is subjected to a hydraulic pressure in operation. As shown in Figure 2, the sealing cup comprises an annular body of a resilient material having a cross-section including a base 23, an outer sealing lip 21 and an inner sealing lip 22. The inner sealing lip 22 is inclined radially inwardly from the base 23 to provide a frustoconical configuration. The outer sealing lip 21 is inclined radially outwardly from the base to provide a frustoconical shape and has an outer sealing surface 24 which is adapted to be brought into engagement with the wall surface of the cylinder bore.
In Figure 3, there is shown an embodiment of the present invention in which the feature of the present invention is incorporated in the conventional sealing cup as shown in Figure 2. The sealing or piston cup comprises an annular body of a resilient material having a cross-section including a base 3, an outer diverging sealing lip 1 and an inner converging sealing lip 2. The outer sealing lip 1 has an outer sealing surface 4 on which a circumferentially extending recess or groove 4a is formed. The recess 4a is of a substantially V-shaped configuration and defined by two annular surfaces having straight-line axial profiles intersecting at an obtuse angle.
One of the top edges of the V-shape coincident with the free edge A of the sealing surface 4 where the pressure of contact with the inner wall of the cylinder bore is the greatest. The other of the top edges of the V-shape is located as shown by F at a point offset toward the edge A from a point H, which is defined as a point of intersection of the outer sealing surface 4 of the outer sealing lip 1 with a line perpendicular to the inner surface of the lip 1 passing through a point E of intersection between the inner surface of the lip 1 and the inner surface of the base 3. The groove 4a has a bottom C which is located between the points A and F.
The particular location of the groove 4a having a V-shape cross section provides advantageous results. In use of this type of sealing cup, the outer sealing lip 1 is subjected to a hydraulic pressure which functions to force the sealing lip 1 radially outwardly. Even under such pressure, the V-shaped groove 4a provides an area of smaller contact pressure so that a film of hydraulic oil can always be maintained in the area to provide an adequate lubrication. It is therefore possible to prevent any increase in the drag force against the slidable movement of the piston and ensure a smooth piston operation.
In order to describe the features of the present invention in more detail, reference will now be made to Figures 6 through 9. Referring at first to Figures 6 and 7, there is shown a conventional SAE type sealing cup having a base 23, an outer sealing lip 21 and an inner sealing lip 22. The broken line CY designates a contour line of the cylinder wall, and the broken line P a contour line of the piston.
As shown in Figure 6, the outer sealing lip 21 has an edge portion of which outer diameter is larger than the diameter of the cylinder bore. Further, the inner sealing lip 22 has an edge portion of which inner diameter is smaller than the diameter of the piston on which the sealing cup is mounted. Thus, when the sealing cup is mounted on the piston P and is fitted in the cylinder bore, the sealing lip portions 21 and 22 are radially deformed so that they are brought into contact under pressure with the piston P and the cylinder CY, respectively. In operation, the sealing cup is subjected to a hydraulic pressure which will be provided in the cylinder. Figure 7 shows contact pressure distributions on the outer and inner sealing lips 21 and 22 when the sealing cup is subjected to the hydraulic pressure of 20 10⁵Pa.
It will be noted in Figure 7 that, in the conventional design, the outer sealing lip 21 is in engagement with the cylinder bore under a pressure greater than 20 105Pa. throughout the length thereof.
Figures 8 and 9 show an embodiment of the present invention and respectively corresponds to Figures 6 and 7. As described with reference to Figure 3, the sealing cup is formed at the sealing surface 4 on the outer sealing lip 1 with a V-shaped groove 4a which may for example be 0.1 mm deep. As shown in Figure 9, the pressure of contact of the outer sealing lip 1 with the cylinder CY is decreased at the area of the V-shaped groove, so that it becomes possible to maintain an oil film in this area. By providing the groove, the pressure of contact between the outer sealing lip 1 and the cylinder bore wall is increased to some extent, resulting in the increase in sealing effect. However, it has been confirmed that such an increase in the contact pressure does not cause any increase in the drag force.
Figures 4 and 5 show test results on the sealing cups as shown in Figures 6 and 8. In Figure 4, there are shown changes in drag forces in accordance with the piston movement and in Figure 5 there is shown a change in hydraulic pressure in accordance with the piston movement. It will be noted in Figure 4 that the drag force can be significantly decreased in the sealing cup embodying the features of the present invention. Since the groove 4a is formed in a manner that one of the top edges thereof coincides with the free edge of the sealing surfaces, the aforementioned results can be obtained without having any adverse effect on the sealing property.
Referring now to Figures 10 and 11, there is shown a conventional OPEL type sealing cup which may suitably be used as a secondary cup. As in Figures 6 through 9, the broken line CY designates the contour of the cylinder bore and the broken line P the contour of the piston on which the sealing cup is mounted. As shown in Figure 10, the sealing cup has a cross-section including a base 123, an outer sealing lip 121 extending from the base 123, and an inner sealing lip 122 extending also from the base 123. The outer sealing lip 121 has outer surfaces 124, 125 which are adapted to be brought into slidable contact with the cylinder wall. The inner sealing lip 122 has an inner surface 126 which engages the piston P.
The inner surface 126 of the inner sealing lip 122 has a diameter smaller than that of the piston portion where the sealing cup is mounted. The outer surface 124 of the outer sealing lip 121 has a maximum diameter which is larger than the diameter of the cylinder bore. It will therefore be noted that the outer and inner sealing lips 121 and 122 are deformed as shown in Figure 1 when the sealing cup is assembled in the piston-cylinder device. Due to the deformation, the sealing lips 121 and 122 respectively engage the cylinder CY and the piston P.
In this type of sealing cup, the sealing lips 121 and 122 and the base 123 have greater thickness as compared with the sealing cup as shown in Figures 6 through 9 so that a larger contact pressure is produced upon installation of the sealing cup. Therefore, even when the maximum diameter of the outer sealing lip 121 is substantially the same as the cylinder bore diameter, a sealing pressure will be produced between the cylinder and the outer sealing lip since the sealing cup will be radially expanded when it is mounted on the piston.
Referring now to Figures 12 and 13, there is shown an embodiment in which the feature of the present invention is incorporated in a seal of the type as shown in Figures 10 and 11. In this embodiment, the outer sealing lip 101 is formed at the outer surface 105 with a V-shaped groove 104 which is located in the vicinity of the free edge thereof. The groove 104 may be for example 0.1 mm deep as in the previously discussed embodiment. As shown in Figure 13, the contact pressure between the outer sealing lip 101 and the cylinder CY is decreased to substantially zero at the area of the V-shaped groove 104 so that it becomes possible to maintain a slight amount of oil in this area for facilitating lubrication. It should further be noted in Figure 13 that there is an increase in the peak contact pressure at the edge portion of the outer sealing lip 101 so that there will be no decrease in the sealing effect due to the provision of the V-shaped groove 104.
Referring now to Figure 14, there is shown in sectional view an example of a clutch master cylinder device in which sealing cups in accordance with the present invention can be incorporated. The clutch master cylinder device is composed of cylinder CY having a cylinder bore and a piston P received in the cylinder bore for axial movement. The piston P is connected with a push rod PR which is in turn connected with the clutch actuating pedal CP so that the piston P can be axially moved upon actuation of the clutch pedal CP. The cylinder CY has an end cap PL which closes the cylinder bore at the end opposite to the push rod PR.
In the cylinder bore, there is formed an annular shoulder CYP and a primary sealing cup PC is mounted on the cylinder CY at the shoulder CYP. The piston P carries a secondary sealing cup SC.
Referring to Figure 15 showing the primary sealing or piston cup PC in an enlarged scale, the sealing cup PC comprises an annular body having a cross-section including a base 223, an outer sealing lip 221 adapted to engage the cylinder CY and an inner sealing lip 222 adapted to engage the piston P. The sealing cup PC is mounted on the cylinder CY with the base 223 in engagement with the shoulder. CYP and maintained in position against detachment by the cap PL. The inner lip 222 is therefore slidable --with-respect to the piston P.
As shown in Figure 15, the outer sealing lip 221 has an outer diameter larger than the cylinder bore diameter so that the lip 221 is radially inwardly deformed or bent upon installation on the cylinder CY. The inner sealing lip 222 has an inner sealing surface 225 adapted to be brought into engagement with the piston P. The inner sealing surface 225 on the inner sealing lip 222 has a free edge I and an annular inclined portion inclined inwardly with respect to the sealing lip and extending from the edge I to a point A where the surface 225 is recessed to a bottom point C so as to form a V-shaped groove 224 of for example 0.2 mm deep.
The annular inclined portion between the edge I and the point A is inclined with respect to the axis of the cylinder CY by an angle 0. This portion provides a wedge shaped gap with piston P where the sealing cup PC is installed in the device. In this arrangement, oil is allowed to enter the gap upon sliding movement of the piston P so as to form a lubricating film of oil on the sliding surface. According to. the present invention, the angle 8 when the cup is unmounted must be between 1°≦θ≦15° as measured in Figure 15.
The V-shaped groove 224 again functions to provide an area wherein the pressure of contact is low so that it is possible to maintain oil in this area for facilitating lubrication. It is therefore possible to maintain a smooth operation of the piston P.
Referring now to Figure 16, there is shown a primary sealing cup which includes a base 233, an outer sealing lip 231 and an inner sealing lip 232. The inner sealing lip 232 is adapted to engage the piston P and the outer sealing lip 231 is adapted to engage the cylinder CY. The outer sealing lip 231 includes an outer surface having a free edge I and an annular inclined portion extending from the edge I to a point A where the outer surface is recessed to a point C to form a V-shaped groove 234 of for example 0.15 mm deep. In this arrangement, when the sealing cup is assembled in the piston-cylinder device, a wedge shaped clearance K is formed between the peripheral wall of said inclined portion and said cylinder when the cup is mounted, as shown in Figure 17.
Thus, oil is allowed to enter the clearance K to form a film of lubricant oil on the sliding surface. The inclined portion the edge I and the point A is inclined with respect to the axis of the cylinder by an angle between 1°≦θ≦15° as measured in clockwise direction in Figure 16. More preferably, the angle should be between 1°≦θ≦7°.
The V-shaped groove 234 functions to facilitate lubrication as in the previous embodiments.
Referring further to Figure 18 (A), there is shown an example in which the present invention is embodied in a so-called OPEL type sealing cup. In this example, a V-shaped groove 4A is formed on the outer sealing surface with one of the top edges of the V-shape coincident with the free edge A of the sealing surface. In Figure 18 (B), the surface IA is inclined by an angle of 3° as measured in clockwise direction in the plane of the drawing. This design is also effective to provide a sealing property.
Fig. 9 shows a modified embodiment of the present invention in which a chamfered portion 247 is provided at the tip part of said inclined portion 246. The chamfered portion 247 is inclined with respect to a line (L) which is parallel to the axis of the cylinder by an angle a, that when the cup is unmouned is negative with respect to the angle 8 of said inclined portion 246. It is noted that chamfered portion 247 is inclined in a way that the tip portion 248 thereof is apart from the wall when mounted where the sealing cup is slidably contacted. The anaJe (a) -15° to 45°.
The invention has been shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, however, it should be noted that the present invention is in no way limited to the details of the illustrated embodiments but changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the sealing or piston cup of the present invention may be incorporated in any type of piston-cylinder device other than the brake or clutch master cylinder device as described. For example, it may be incorporated in a proportioning valve which- functions to determine the rear wheel brake pressure at a valve smaller than but proportioned to the front wheel brake pressure.

Claims

1. A sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device which comprises

an annular body of a resilient material including an annular base (3)

an annular sealing lip (2) extending from said annular base and having an inner sealing surface adapted to be engaged with a wall to be sealed, and

an annular outer sealing lip (21) extending from said annular base so as to encircle said inner sealing lip in spaced relation therewith and having an outer sealing surface (4) adapted to be engaged with a wall surface to be sealed,

at least one of said inner and outer sealing surfaces being slidably movable with respect to corresponding one of said piston (P) and cylinder walls (Cy) to be sealed, said movable sealing surface (2,4)

being formed with a single circumferentially extending groove whereby lubricating oil is retained in said groove and reduces the drag force against movement of said sealing cup characterised in that said groove (4a) is v-shaped and defined by two annular surfaces having straight-line axial profiles intersecting at an obtuse angle, the groove starts at the point producing the maximum sealing pressure when the cup is mounted, and the point (C) of maximum depth of said angular groove is in an area having an external or internal diameter, when the sealing cup is unmounted, greater than the internal diameter of the cylinder wall or smaller than the external diameter of the piston wall respectively.

2. A sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said maximum depth of the groove (4a) is predetermined as follows,

3. A sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that an annular inclined portion, inclined outwardly or inwardly when provided on the outer lip or on the inner lip respectively, is provided at a tip part of a leading portion on said at least one of said inner and outer sealing surfaces and extends circumferentially thereon, and

the angle 0 of said annular inclined portion to the axis of said cylinder, when the cup is unmounted, is predetermined as follows,

whereby said inclined portion is inclined to form a wedge-shaped clearance (K) between said peripheral wall of said inclined portion and one of said piston and cylinder when said cup is mounted therebetween, said wedge-shaped clearance opening in a direction extending away from said base.

4. A sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that a chamfered portion (247) is provided at a tip part of said inclined portion (246)

the angle a of said chamfered portion to the axis of said cylinder, when the cup is unmounted, is negative with respect to the angle 9 of said inclined portion (246) to the axis of said cylinder and is larger than that of said inclined portion thereto,

and said angle a is predetermined as follows,

whereby said chamfered portion retains the lubricant oil within a triangle shape clearance formed between said peripheral wall of said chamfered portion and one of said piston and cylinder and guides said fluid to said wedge shaped clearance when said cup is mounted therebetween.

5. A sealing cup for a hydraulic piston-cylinder device in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that said angle 0 of said annular inclined portion (246) is predetermined as follows,

6. A sealing cup for 'a hydraulic piston-cylinder device in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that said angle α of said chamfered portion (247) is predetermined as follows,