EP0000461A1 - Process and active packing material for the biological denitrification of waste water - Google Patents
Process and active packing material for the biological denitrification of waste water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0000461A1 EP0000461A1 EP19780400049 EP78400049A EP0000461A1 EP 0000461 A1 EP0000461 A1 EP 0000461A1 EP 19780400049 EP19780400049 EP 19780400049 EP 78400049 A EP78400049 A EP 78400049A EP 0000461 A1 EP0000461 A1 EP 0000461A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- denitrification
- support
- active
- denitrifying bacteria
- reactor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/903—Nitrogenous
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/813—Continuous fermentation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
- Y10S435/874—Pseudomonas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biological denitrification process having high performance.
- the Applicant has developed a process applicable in particular to industrial wastewater, making it possible to reduce the nitric nitrogen present in effluents to concentrations up to 10 g / l, and this at a high speed of transformation, while minimizing the carbon substrate concentrations required for denitrification.
- the performances obtained in this process with the use of a fluid bed reactor are superior to all those known for the same type of reactor, as described by JS JERIS et al. WPCF Journal Vol. 46 n ° 9 - Sept. 1974 (2043-2057), B. ERICSSON Journal WPCF Vol. 47 No. 4 - April 1975 (727-740), CW FRANCIS et al. Water Res. Vol. 11 (1977) (289-294), FE CLARK et al. INIS Atomindex 7 (8) 1976 Abstr. n ° 2379 73 and DJR DODD et al. Water Res, Vol 9 (1975) (323-328).
- This process consists in manufacturing an active denitrification support formed on the one hand from selected denitrifying bacteria and on the other hand from very fine calcium carbonate, surrounding a particle constituting the nucleus of the grain (carbon or CaC0 3 ).
- the process is characterized by the prior selection of a denitrifying flora adapted to a given exogenous carbon substrate, and by the fixing of the latter on a solid support.
- the possible addition of a mixture of trace elements makes it possible to increase the denitrification rates.
- the active denitrification support obtained by the process of the applicant can be used in any kind of denitrification reactor (homogeneous reactor, column reactor with fixed bed or with fluid bed).
- strains of bacteria with denitrifying activity are selected according to the organic carbon substrate used in denitrification (alcohols, urban effluent, factory effluent), according to the type of nitrates and according to their concentration.
- strains are subjected to enrichment by successive subcultures in a liquid medium while achieving the best possible anaerobiosis.
- the media used are of the type described below with possible addition of yeast extract at a rate of 1 g / 1.
- the enriched denitrifying strains thus obtained are then isolated, the isolation being carried out on mi solid place in anaerobic test jar; The growth of the colonies requires 8 days at 30 ° C.
- the selected strains are precultured in an anaerobic reactor with a nitrate and carbon substrate in order to allow an induction of denitrifying activities as well as a production of biomasses having this activity.
- the biomass is then harvested by centrifugation or decantation before being resown in the effluents to be denitrified.
- the effluent before sowing is optionally degassed by suitable methods (nitrogen bubbling, heating, addition of sulfites).
- the start of the process consists first of all in recycling the effluent loaded with microorganisms. This recycling is necessary on the one hand to allow the induction of the denitrifying activity, on the other hand to allow maximum fixation of the microorganisms on the support.
- CaC0 3 and denitrifying bacteria are for formulations during the same reaction.
- This reaction is a denitrification reaction of Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ; it can therefore be carried out at the start of the denitrification operation, with the apparatus provided for the final treatment.
- the active denitrification support thus formed has proven to be very effective in the various reactors used and in particular in fluidized bed reactors.
- the denitrification temperature can vary from 5 to 40 ° C, but is preferably around 30 ° C.
- the denitrification is carried out so as to have a basic output pH facilitating carbonation.
- the calcium carbonate gradually surrounding the coal particle is a by-product of denitrification. It also acts as a pH buffer.
- a preculture is made anaerobically on glucose with Ca ( N0 3 ) 2 + CaCO 3 from a strain of the genus Pseudomonas previously characterized as being denitrifying. This preculture makes it possible to obtain the denitrifying sludge necessary for the manufacture of the activated denitrification support.
- a homogeneous reactor is seeded with the denitrifying bacteria.
- a denitrification medium consisting of an organic carbon substrate (here glucose) and necessarily cal nitrate cium. It is possible to add to the denitrification medium powdered charcoal which will serve as the primary support for the fixation, on the one hand of the calcium carbonate grains formed during the denitrification reaction and, on the other hand, denitrifying bacteria which are developed in the denitrification medium.
- the sludge formed is very active in terms of denitrification. They can be used with any type of reactor and with any source of substrate.
- the CaCO 3 support with its denitrifying biomass was produced beforehand in a homogeneous reactor as in Example 1: denitrifying strain of the genus Pseudomonas seeded in a medium containing Ca (NO 3 ) 2 + fine carbon + methanol. The culture is maintained anaerobically.
- a solution of oligoelemants (1 ml / 1) is added to the denitrification medium.
- Reactor fluid bed column useful volume: 1.25 1 Nitric nitrogen: Ca (NO 3 ) 2 (650 mg / 1 of nitric nitrogen)
Abstract
Procédé de dénitrification biologique d'effluents pouvant contenir jusqu'à 10 g/l d'azote nitrique, consistant à utiliser un support actif de dénitrification constitué par la fixation sur un support neutre de bactéries dénitrifiantes sélectionnées à hautes performances.Process for the biological denitrification of effluents which may contain up to 10 g / l of nitric nitrogen, consisting in using an active denitrification support constituted by the fixation on a neutral support of selected denitrifying bacteria with high performance.
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé biologique de dénitrification ayant de hautes performances.The present invention relates to a biological denitrification process having high performance.
Les procédés actuellement connus permettent une élimination des nitrates, mais celle-ci est relativement lente, et peu nombreux sont ceux pouvant être utilisés pour des eaux usées industrielles.The processes currently known allow elimination of nitrates, but this is relatively slow, and few are those which can be used for industrial wastewater.
Parmi ceux-ci, les procédés biologiques s'appliquent principalement aux effluents urbains peu chargés en. nitrates (de l'ordre de 100 mg/1) et ceux qui permettent d'opérer sur des concentrations plus élevées (3,5 g/1 d'azote nitrique et plus) ont des vitesses de dénitrification de l'ordre de 1 à 1,5 mg d'azote par litre et par heure.Among these, biological processes apply mainly to urban effluents with low levels of. nitrates (of the order of 100 mg / 1) and those which make it possible to operate on higher concentrations (3.5 g / 1 of nitric nitrogen and more) have denitrification rates of the order of 1 to 1.5 mg of nitrogen per liter per hour.
Par ailleurs, la dénitrification étant effectuée à partir d'une flore complexe non contrôlée, les capacités de dénitrification d'un réacteur sont difficilement prévisibles.Furthermore, the denitrification being carried out from an uncontrolled complex flora, the denitrification capacities of a reactor are difficult to predict.
La demanderesse a mis au point un procédé applicable en particulier aux eaux usées industrielles, permettant de réduire l'azote nitrique présent dans des effluents à des concentrations pouvant atteindre 10 g/1, et ceci à une vitesse élevée de transformation, tout en minimisant les concentrations de substrat carboné nécessaire pour la dénitrification. En particulier, les performances obtenues dans ce procédé avec l'utilisation d'un réacteur à lit fluide, sont supérieures à toutes celles connues pour le même type de réacteur, comme décrit par J.S. JERIS et coll. Journal W.P.C.F. Vol. 46 n° 9 - sept. 1974 (2043-2057), B. ERICSSON Journal W.P.C.F. Vol. 47 n" 4 - avril 1975 (727-740), C.W. FRANCIS et coll. Water Res. Vol. 11 (1977) (289-294), F.E. CLARK et coll. INIS Atomindex 7 (8) 1976 Abstr. n° 2379 73 et D.J.R. DODD et coll. Water Res. Vol. 9 (1975) (323-328).The Applicant has developed a process applicable in particular to industrial wastewater, making it possible to reduce the nitric nitrogen present in effluents to concentrations up to 10 g / l, and this at a high speed of transformation, while minimizing the carbon substrate concentrations required for denitrification. In particular, the performances obtained in this process with the use of a fluid bed reactor, are superior to all those known for the same type of reactor, as described by JS JERIS et al. WPCF Journal Vol. 46 n ° 9 - Sept. 1974 (2043-2057), B. ERICSSON Journal WPCF Vol. 47 No. 4 - April 1975 (727-740), CW FRANCIS et al. Water Res. Vol. 11 (1977) (289-294), FE CLARK et al. INIS Atomindex 7 (8) 1976 Abstr. n ° 2379 73 and DJR DODD et al. Water Res, Vol 9 (1975) (323-328).
Ce procédé consiste à fabriquer un support actif de dénitrification formé d'une part de bactéries dénitrifiantes sélectionnées et d'autre part de carbonate de calcium très fin, entourant une particule constituant le noyau du grain (charbon ou CaC03). Le procédé est caractérisé par la sélection préalable d'une flore dénitrifiante adaptée à un substrat carboné exogène donné, et par la fixation de celle-ci sur un support solide. L'addition éventuelle d'un mélange d'oligo- éléments permet d'augmenter les vitesses de dénitrification.This process consists in manufacturing an active denitrification support formed on the one hand from selected denitrifying bacteria and on the other hand from very fine calcium carbonate, surrounding a particle constituting the nucleus of the grain (carbon or CaC0 3 ). The process is characterized by the prior selection of a denitrifying flora adapted to a given exogenous carbon substrate, and by the fixing of the latter on a solid support. The possible addition of a mixture of trace elements makes it possible to increase the denitrification rates.
Le support actif de la dénitrification obtenu par le procédé de la demanderesse peut être employé dans n'importe quelle sorte de réacteur de dénitrification (réacteur homogène, réacteur colonne à lit fixe ou à lit fluide).The active denitrification support obtained by the process of the applicant can be used in any kind of denitrification reactor (homogeneous reactor, column reactor with fixed bed or with fluid bed).
Les souches de bactéries présentant une activité dénitrifiante sont sélectionnées en fonction du substrat carboné organique utilisé dans la dénitrification (alcools, effluent urbain, effluent d'usines), en fonction du type des nitrates et en fonction de la concentration de ces derniers.The strains of bacteria with denitrifying activity are selected according to the organic carbon substrate used in denitrification (alcohols, urban effluent, factory effluent), according to the type of nitrates and according to their concentration.
Ces souches sont soumises à un enrichissement par repiquages successifs en milieu liquide en réalisant la meilleure anaérobiose possible. Les milieux employés sont du type de celui décrit ci-dessous avec addition éventuelle de yeast extract à raison de 1 g/1.These strains are subjected to enrichment by successive subcultures in a liquid medium while achieving the best possible anaerobiosis. The media used are of the type described below with possible addition of yeast extract at a rate of 1 g / 1.
Pour 1 1 d'eau distillée :
Les souches dénitrifiantes enrichies ainsi obtenues sont ensuite isolées, l'isolement étant réalisé sur milieu solide en jar test d'anaérobiose; La croissance des colonies nécessite 8 jours à 30°C.The enriched denitrifying strains thus obtained are then isolated, the isolation being carried out on mi solid place in anaerobic test jar; The growth of the colonies requires 8 days at 30 ° C.
Les souches sélectionnées sont mises en préculture dans un réacteur en anaérobiose avec un substrat de nitrate et de carbone afin de permettre une induction des activités dénitrifiantes ainsi qu'une production des biomasses ayant cette activité.The selected strains are precultured in an anaerobic reactor with a nitrate and carbon substrate in order to allow an induction of denitrifying activities as well as a production of biomasses having this activity.
La biomasse est ensuite récoltée par centrifugation ou décantation avant d'être réensemencée dans les effluents à dénitrifier. L'effluent avant ensemencement est éventuellement dégazé par des méthodes convenables (barbotage d'azote, chauffage, addition de sulfites).The biomass is then harvested by centrifugation or decantation before being resown in the effluents to be denitrified. The effluent before sowing is optionally degassed by suitable methods (nitrogen bubbling, heating, addition of sulfites).
Les effluents ainsi ensemencés peuvent alimenter en continu
- - soit un réacteur homogène agité,
- - soit un réacteur homogène rempli d'un support pour la fixation des microorganismes, (ce support est fabriqué en fermenteur à partir d'un noyau central formé de charbon entouré de carbonate de calcium très fin ou par tout autre support neutre convenable (grains de CaC03 par exemple), sur lequel viennent se fixer, par adsorption, les bactéries dénitrifiantes),
- - soit un réacteur colonne garni d'un lit fixe,
- - soit un réacteur colonne à lit fluidisé en permanence ou par intermittence (le support dans ces deux derniers cas est celui décrit précédemment).
- - either a stirred homogeneous reactor,
- - either a homogeneous reactor filled with a support for the fixation of microorganisms, (this support is made in a fermenter from a central core formed of coal surrounded by very fine calcium carbonate or by any other suitable neutral support (grains of CaC0 3 for example), on which are fixed, by adsorption, denitrifying bacteria),
- - either a column reactor with a fixed bed,
- - Either a column bed reactor permanently or intermittently (the support in the latter two cases is that described above).
Connaissant les caractéristiques cinétiques de la souche (KS substrat, vitesse de dénitrification...) on peut prévoir la capacité de dénitrification du réacteur, ce qui est nouveau.Knowing the kinetic characteristics of the strain (KS substrate, denitrification speed ...) we can predict the denitrification capacity of the reactor, which is new.
Le démarrage du procédé consiste d'abord en un recyclage intégral de l'effluent chargé de microorganismes. Ce recyclage est nécessaire d'une part pour permettre l'induction de l'activité dénitrifiante, d'autre part pour permettre une fixation maximum des microorganismes sur le support.The start of the process consists first of all in recycling the effluent loaded with microorganisms. This recycling is necessary on the one hand to allow the induction of the denitrifying activity, on the other hand to allow maximum fixation of the microorganisms on the support.
Le CaC03 et les bactéries dénitrifiantes sont formés au cours d'une même réaction. Cette réaction est une réaction de dénitrification de Ca(NO3)2 ; elle peut être effectuée par conséquent en début d'opération de dénitrification, avec l'appareillage prévu pour le traitement définitif. Le support actif de dénitrification ainsi formé s'est avéré très performant dans les divers réacteurs utilisés et particulièrement dans des réacteurs à lit fluidisé.CaC0 3 and denitrifying bacteria are for més during the same reaction. This reaction is a denitrification reaction of Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ; it can therefore be carried out at the start of the denitrification operation, with the apparatus provided for the final treatment. The active denitrification support thus formed has proven to be very effective in the various reactors used and in particular in fluidized bed reactors.
La marche en continu est instaurée lorsque l'activité dénitrifiante est considérée comme suffisante, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'après avoir augmenté progressivement les taux de dilution on obtient dans l'effluent une concentration résiduelle de nitrate ne dépassant pas le taux désiré.Continuous operation is established when the denitrifying activity is considered to be sufficient, that is to say when after gradually increasing the dilution rates, a residual concentration of nitrate is obtained in the effluent not exceeding the desired rate .
La température de dénitrification peut varier de 5 à 40°C, mais se situe préférentiellement aux environs de 30°C.The denitrification temperature can vary from 5 to 40 ° C, but is preferably around 30 ° C.
La dénitrification est conduite de manière à avoir un pH de sortie basique facilitant la carbonatation. Le carbonate de calcium entourant progressivement la particule de charbon, est un sous-produit de la dénitrification. Il joue également le rôle de tampon de pH.The denitrification is carried out so as to have a basic output pH facilitating carbonation. The calcium carbonate gradually surrounding the coal particle, is a by-product of denitrification. It also acts as a pH buffer.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention sans toutefois la limiter.The following examples illustrate the invention without, however, limiting it.
Réacteur homogène 18 1 utilesHomogeneous reactor 18 1 useful
Azote nitrique : KNO3 Nitric nitrogen: KNO 3
Substrat carboné : glucoseCarbon substrate: glucose
Support et préculture : une préculture est faite en anaérobiose sur glucose avec Ca(N0 3)2 + CaCO3 à partir d'une souche du genre Pseudomonas préalablement caractérisée comme étant dénitrifiante. Cette préculture permet d'obtenir les boues dénitrifiantes nécessaires pour la fabrication du support activé de dénitrification.Support and preculture: a preculture is made anaerobically on glucose with Ca ( N0 3 ) 2 + CaCO 3 from a strain of the genus Pseudomonas previously characterized as being denitrifying. This preculture makes it possible to obtain the denitrifying sludge necessary for the manufacture of the activated denitrification support.
Pour ce faire, on ensemence un réacteur homogène avec la bactérie dénitrifiante. Dans ce réacteur est placé un milieu de dénitrification constitué d'un substrat carboné organique (ici du glucose) et obligatoirement de nitrate de cal- cium. On peut additionner au milieu de dénitrification du charbon pulvérulent qui servira de support primaire à la fixation, d'une part des grains de carbonate de calcium, formés au cours de la réaction de dénitrification et, d'autre part, des bactéries dénitrifiantes qui se sont développées dans le milieu de dénitrification. Les boues constituées se révèlent très actives au point de vue dénitrification. Elles peuvent être utilisées avec n'importe quel type de réacteur et avec n'importe quelle source de substrat.To do this, a homogeneous reactor is seeded with the denitrifying bacteria. In this reactor is placed a denitrification medium consisting of an organic carbon substrate (here glucose) and necessarily cal nitrate cium. It is possible to add to the denitrification medium powdered charcoal which will serve as the primary support for the fixation, on the one hand of the calcium carbonate grains formed during the denitrification reaction and, on the other hand, denitrifying bacteria which are developed in the denitrification medium. The sludge formed is very active in terms of denitrification. They can be used with any type of reactor and with any source of substrate.
Le support CaCO3 avec sa biomasse dénitrifiante a été fabriqué au préalable dans un réacteur homogène comme dans l'exemple 1 : souche dénitrifiante du genre Pseudomonas ensemencé dans un milieu contenant Ca(NO3)2 + charbon fin + méthanol. La culture est maintenue en anaérobiose.The CaCO 3 support with its denitrifying biomass was produced beforehand in a homogeneous reactor as in Example 1: denitrifying strain of the genus Pseudomonas seeded in a medium containing Ca (NO 3 ) 2 + fine carbon + methanol. The culture is maintained anaerobically.
On additionne au milieu de dénitrification une solution d'oligoélémants, (1 ml/1).A solution of oligoelemants (1 ml / 1) is added to the denitrification medium.
Mêmes conditions opératoires que dans l'exemple 6. On fait varier seulement le temps de séjour.
Réacteur : colonne lit fluide volume utile : 1,25 1 Azote nitrique : Ca(NO3)2 (650 mg/1 d'azote nitrique)Reactor: fluid bed column useful volume: 1.25 1 Nitric nitrogen: Ca (NO 3 ) 2 (650 mg / 1 of nitric nitrogen)
Substrat carboné : acide acryliqueCarbon substrate: acrylic acid
Support et préculture : la préparation a été faite comme dans l'exemple 6, le méthanol étant remplacé par de l'acide acrylique.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7721119 | 1977-07-08 | ||
| FR7721119A FR2396726A1 (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1977-07-08 | BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0000461A1 true EP0000461A1 (en) | 1979-01-24 |
| EP0000461B1 EP0000461B1 (en) | 1982-05-05 |
Family
ID=9193165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19780400049 Expired EP0000461B1 (en) | 1977-07-08 | 1978-07-03 | Process and active packing material for the biological denitrification of waste water |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4209390A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0000461B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU520638B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7804409A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1118377A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2861782D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK306278A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2396726A1 (en) |
| IE (1) | IE47023B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1111478B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO151700C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE436349B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA783913B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991001278A1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-02-07 | Biosphere Corporation S.A. | Wastewater treatment |
| EP0445043A1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-04 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Biological process for the denitrification of liquid media and apparatus for carrying out the process |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2396726A1 (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1979-02-02 | Ugine Kuhlmann | BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS |
| US4743545A (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1988-05-10 | Torobin Leonard B | Hollow porous microspheres containing biocatalyst |
| US4793980A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1988-12-27 | Torobin Leonard B | Hollow porous microspheres as substrates and containers for catalyst |
| DE3232095A1 (en) * | 1982-08-28 | 1984-03-01 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | METHOD FOR DENITRIFYING CARBON-FREE WATER |
| FR2550182B1 (en) * | 1983-08-02 | 1988-02-26 | Rech Geolog Miniere | METHOD OF DENITRIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER FOR POTABILIZATION |
| AU567374B2 (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1987-11-19 | Leonard B. Torobin | Hollow inorganic microspheres |
| US5228984A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1993-07-20 | Clivus Multrum, Inc. | System for composting feces and treating urine |
| JP2564080B2 (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 1996-12-18 | シャープ株式会社 | Wastewater treatment method and wastewater treatment equipment |
| JP3335500B2 (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 2002-10-15 | シャープ株式会社 | Wastewater treatment device and wastewater treatment method |
| US5567324A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-10-22 | Envirogen, Inc. | Method of biodegrading hydrophobic organic compounds |
| US5954963A (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1999-09-21 | Oklahoma Rural Water Association | Process for biologically treating water |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3709364A (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1973-01-09 | Dravo Corp | Method and apparatus for denitrification of treated sewage |
| FR2147522A5 (en) * | 1971-07-23 | 1973-03-09 | Chelle Rene | Microorganism inoculants - for treating effluents |
| US3829377A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1974-08-13 | Union Oil Co | Reduction of water pollution by biological denitrification |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1744001A (en) * | 1927-12-21 | 1930-01-14 | William L Owen | Fermentation process |
| FR2079506A5 (en) * | 1970-02-03 | 1971-11-12 | Salomone Georges | |
| US3617540A (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1971-11-02 | Us Interior | Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste waters |
| US3749245A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1973-07-31 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Laboratory digestion tank |
| US3957632A (en) * | 1972-03-24 | 1976-05-18 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Waste-water purification |
| US3846289A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1974-11-05 | Ecolotrol | Waste treatment process |
| JPS518873B2 (en) * | 1972-09-14 | 1976-03-22 | ||
| JPS49135448A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1974-12-26 | ||
| JPS50152552A (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1975-12-08 | ||
| CH582630A5 (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-12-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| JPS5148560A (en) * | 1974-10-22 | 1976-04-26 | Asahi Chemical Ind | DATSUCHITSUSOYOBISEIBUTSUGUNNO JUNYOHOHO |
| US4043936A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1977-08-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Biological denitrification of high concentration nitrate waste |
| US4032407A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1977-06-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research & Development Administration | Tapered bed bioreactor |
| US4104167A (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1978-08-01 | Ferdinand Besik | Apparatus for purifying waste waters |
| FR2396726A1 (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1979-02-02 | Ugine Kuhlmann | BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS |
-
1977
- 1977-07-08 FR FR7721119A patent/FR2396726A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-06-19 IT IT6842978A patent/IT1111478B/en active
- 1978-07-03 EP EP19780400049 patent/EP0000461B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-03 DE DE7878400049T patent/DE2861782D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-06 AU AU37808/78A patent/AU520638B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-06 US US05/922,343 patent/US4209390A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-07-07 DK DK306278A patent/DK306278A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-07-07 SE SE7807648A patent/SE436349B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-07 CA CA000306976A patent/CA1118377A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-07 IE IE1365/78A patent/IE47023B1/en unknown
- 1978-07-07 NO NO782380A patent/NO151700C/en unknown
- 1978-07-07 BR BR7804409A patent/BR7804409A/en unknown
- 1978-07-07 ZA ZA00783913A patent/ZA783913B/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-12-21 US US06/106,037 patent/US4318988A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3709364A (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1973-01-09 | Dravo Corp | Method and apparatus for denitrification of treated sewage |
| US3829377A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1974-08-13 | Union Oil Co | Reduction of water pollution by biological denitrification |
| FR2147522A5 (en) * | 1971-07-23 | 1973-03-09 | Chelle Rene | Microorganism inoculants - for treating effluents |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991001278A1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-02-07 | Biosphere Corporation S.A. | Wastewater treatment |
| EP0445043A1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-04 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Biological process for the denitrification of liquid media and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| WO1991013035A1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-05 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Biological process for denitrification of liquid media and apparatus for implementing said process |
| FR2659076A1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-06 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | BIOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR DENITRIATING LIQUID MEDIA AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK306278A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
| SE436349B (en) | 1984-12-03 |
| IT7868429A0 (en) | 1978-06-19 |
| US4209390A (en) | 1980-06-24 |
| NO151700C (en) | 1985-05-22 |
| IE47023B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| IE781365L (en) | 1979-01-08 |
| NO782380L (en) | 1979-01-09 |
| EP0000461B1 (en) | 1982-05-05 |
| NO151700B (en) | 1985-02-11 |
| ZA783913B (en) | 1979-07-25 |
| IT1111478B (en) | 1986-01-13 |
| FR2396726A1 (en) | 1979-02-02 |
| AU520638B2 (en) | 1982-02-18 |
| CA1118377A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| US4318988A (en) | 1982-03-09 |
| DE2861782D1 (en) | 1982-06-24 |
| SE7807648L (en) | 1979-01-09 |
| AU3780878A (en) | 1980-01-10 |
| FR2396726B1 (en) | 1982-02-26 |
| BR7804409A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
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