EP0000358B1 - Verfahren zur Regelung der Verbrennung von flüssigen Brennstoffen, sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Regelung der Verbrennung von flüssigen Brennstoffen, sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000358B1
EP0000358B1 EP78100277A EP78100277A EP0000358B1 EP 0000358 B1 EP0000358 B1 EP 0000358B1 EP 78100277 A EP78100277 A EP 78100277A EP 78100277 A EP78100277 A EP 78100277A EP 0000358 B1 EP0000358 B1 EP 0000358B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
air
combustion
nozzle
mixing chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100277A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0000358A2 (de
EP0000358A3 (en
Inventor
Johannes W. Graat
Hans T. Remie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV
Original Assignee
Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV filed Critical Smit Ovens Nijmegen BV
Publication of EP0000358A2 publication Critical patent/EP0000358A2/de
Publication of EP0000358A3 publication Critical patent/EP0000358A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000358B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000358B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/005—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means
    • F23D11/007—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means combination of means covered by sub-groups F23D11/10 and F23D11/24
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F23D11/26—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the combustion of liquid fuels over a large control range in a burner arrangement in which a jet of compact or atomized fuel is generated with the aid of an atomizing nozzle and is fed into a mixing chamber from the side in accordance with the controllable nozzle inlet pressure Combustion air is supplied as an atomizing medium in the direction of the fuel jet axis, the flow of which can be controlled according to the throughput, and with subsequent combustion of the fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber adjoining the mixing chamber.
  • the invention also relates to a burner arrangement operating according to the method.
  • Stoichiometric combustion of the fuel is desirable for heat-generating burners.
  • Under a «stoichiometric combustion is understood to mean one in which neither soot (measured according to BACHARACH: soot number zero) nor a significant proportion of oxygen in the combustion gases occurs (oxygen content in the order of 0.01 to 0.1 vol.%).
  • the regulation can also refer to substoichiometric combustion to create a reducing atmosphere in which relatively high CO contents (5-6%) occur without soot formation.
  • “Liquid fuels” mean in particular heating oils. This can be heating oil EL, L or S. The corresponding viscosity values for these fuels are specified in accordance with the German industrial standard.
  • oils the viscosity drops sharply with warming, so that under certain circumstances, a heating oil that is heavy can become a heating oil that has the viscosity properties of a medium-weight heating oil.
  • used oils, sludge-like fuels and the like are also suitable for combustion.
  • This object is achieved in that the pressure of the fuel at the inlet of the fuel nozzle and the average velocity of the combustion air can be adjusted in such a way that the pressure of the fuel and the average velocity of the combustion air are inversely proportional and that the fuel-air ratio is greater than that entire control range is essentially the same.
  • the entire combustion air is preferably used as the atomizing medium in order to use its energy content as completely as possible. This also means that only a relatively low air pressure has to be maintained for the incoming combustion air. Another important advantage is that the fuel particles are completely homogeneously mixed with the air and thus a very short burnout time is achieved.
  • the droplet size depends on the inlet pressure or throughput.
  • regulating the heat output of the burner requires that larger or smaller throughput quantities of fuel are sprayed in, the regulation being carried out via the oil pressure or the change in the line cross section. So far, it has been considered an additional fact that stoichiometric combustion was impossible if the pressure fell below a certain level because the atomizing medium supplied resulted in an excess of air. For this reason, the known burners working with two-stage atomization were operated essentially only at full load.
  • the method according to the invention now enables stoichiometric combustion to be carried out over wide load ranges. It is astonishing that stoichiometric combustion can be guaranteed, especially in the lower load range and even with a continuous jet of compact fuel.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fundamental idea that the initial droplet size is reduced and that this energy to be applied by the supplied atomizing medium applied who - the must.
  • the object of the invention was to reduce the droplet diameter while taking this proportionality into account.
  • the speed of the combustion air can be controlled by changing the area of the air inlet cross-section.
  • the air pressure when the combustion air is supplied can be relatively low, which makes it possible to use simply designed fans.
  • an oil supply control valve can be mechanically coupled to a device that changes the supply area.
  • the air pressure can be surprisingly low, at least far below the critical pressure, e.g. at values of 0.1 bar. It makes sense to make the relative speed the same over the entire circumference of the combustion chamber; this means that the air is fed into the mixing zone in a rotationally symmetrical manner and takes place around the axis of the fuel jet.
  • a burner arrangement is suitable for carrying out the method, which is equipped with an atomizing nozzle for generating a fuel jet, which opens into a mixing chamber enclosed by a connection piece, openings being provided in the connection piece through which the combustion air flows from the side in the direction of the fuel jet axis is supplied and which are to be opened or closed successively by means of a covering element which overlaps the connecting piece and is arranged to be movable relative to it, for controlling the air supply cross section.
  • the covering element is connected to a valve that controls the supply quantity of the fuel.
  • the change in the air supply cross-section can be realized in a simple manner in that a sleeve that is rotatable with respect to the nozzle is arranged as an upper covering element and is also provided with openings.
  • Another embodiment which is relatively simple to build, has a mixing chamber which, viewed in the axial direction from the combustion chamber, first has a cylindrical chamber with a larger diameter, and finally a chamber with a smaller diameter, openings opening into the walls of both chambers .
  • the latter embodiment can be improved in that the wall of the smaller chamber can be moved together with a lance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a control diagram in which the focus is on a burner arrangement 1 with which liquid fuels are burned.
  • a fuel jet is atomized with the aid of a nozzle 4 and sprayed into a mixing chamber 3 with a droplet size or quantity of fuel corresponding to the nozzle inlet pressure per unit of time.
  • the combustion air is introduced as an atomizing medium, the flow of which can be controlled in terms of throughput and speed.
  • the air is first drawn in from the atmosphere through an air filter 2 by a fan 5 with a motor 6 and fed to an air duct 8 via a line 7. From here, the air passes through openings 10 into said mixing chamber 3.
  • a manometer (P) 11 and a pressure switch (PS) 12 are provided for controlling and monitoring the air supply.
  • the burner arrangement 1 is supplied with fuel via a shut-off valve 13, oil filter 14, oil pump 15 via line 16.
  • a manometer (P) 17 is used to monitor the line.
  • An important element of the control is a control valve 18 which is mechanically connected via a lever rod 19 to a lever 20 with a movable lance 21 which carries the fuel nozzle 4 at its tip.
  • the lance 21 is arranged displaceably within a connecting piece 22 surrounding it, in such a way that the tip of the lance covers openings 10 to a greater or lesser extent depending on the position within the jacket. This change in cross-section of the openings changes the amount and the speed of the combustion atomizing air entering the mixing chamber. The change takes place in proportion to the supply of the fuel quantity controlled by the control valve 18.
  • Light fuel oils are preferred as fuel because of their purity. However, it is also possible to use heavy fuel oil qualities, especially when using oil preheating.
  • the oil droplets are further broken up in the mixing chamber.
  • the resulting fuel-air mixture then enters a combustion chamber 24, in which the actual combustion takes place.
  • the ignition is provided by a pilot burner with an ignition electrode 25.
  • a UV detector 26 is used for monitoring.
  • a solenoid valve 28 is switched via a control line 27, which cuts off the fuel supply.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 shows the relationships between the most important variables.
  • the abscissa shows which atomization pressure p corresponds to a specific oil throughput.
  • the required air requirement for combustion air is also plotted. This ratio is based on certain nozzle dimensions.
  • the measured values in the diagram are on a commercially available Spraymaster nozzle, item no. 113, No. 80 (manufacturer Fuelmaster, The Hague, The Netherlands).
  • the droplet size (SMD) is plotted on the ordinate in a curve 1, which is calculated according to the formula from SAUTER (1). It is readily apparent that the droplet size increases more and more towards lower pressures and correspondingly lower throughputs, until it finally becomes “infinitely large”, which corresponds to a continuous, uninterrupted jet.
  • the diagram according to FIG. 2 therefore shows that it is necessary to determine empirically which air velocities are achieved when entering the combustion chamber in order to effectively reduce the droplet size.
  • the droplets can be comminuted by atomizing air, which is not supplied under so-called critical pressure conditions, but which is supplied, for example, at a pressure of 0.3 ... 0.1 bar or less.
  • the connecting piece 22 is in turn connected to a closing part 34 which opens with a conically shaped opening 35 in the direction of a burner tube 36.
  • the end part 34 is preferably part of a wall of a boiler. or similar.
  • the lance 21 is elongated and centrally equipped with a line 37.
  • the rear end of the lance protrudes from the housing 31 and there is provided with two connections, namely an oil line connection 41 and a gas connection 42.
  • the lance which is displaceable within the housing 31, has a threaded body 43 on its outside, which is provided with a spiral groove guide 44.
  • a liquid fuel is supplied to the interior of the lance (line 37).
  • the fuel line ends in front of the atomizer nozzle 4, which is equipped with a valve needle.
  • Other atomizing nozzles known per se, including those with return control, can be used, so that details of the nozzle need not be described.
  • the oil From the mouth 33 of the nozzle 4, the oil, distributed in moderately fine droplets, enters the mixing chamber 3 'as an oil mist.
  • the burner can also be used to burn heating gas.
  • the connection 41 is blocked and the gas is supplied via the feed line 42.
  • the air supply is the same as for oil combustion, which is described below.
  • Figures 4a and b show the front part of the lance 21 within the nozzle 22 in different positions.
  • the mixing chamber in which the combustion air meets the oil can be changed with the position of the lance.
  • a smaller part of the mixing zone is firmly embedded as a mixing chamber 3 'and combustion air is constantly supplied through the openings 30.
  • a much larger mixing chamber 3 is created, which is then exposed to a correspondingly larger amount of combustion air through the exposed slots 10 within the nozzle 22.
  • the combustion air supplied to the side is admittedly in the position according to FIG. 4b, substantially larger than according to FIG.
  • the speed of the combustion air is also slower, so that the droplets that emerge from the nozzle are no longer crushed as much as is the case with the position according to FIG. 4a.
  • the combustion air hits droplets in a relatively small volume at high speed, which are relatively large due to the lower pressure p in the line 37. Yes, it is even possible to use the combustion air to smash a continuous jet to such an extent that it is burned stoichiometrically in the subsequent combustion chamber.
  • the airways and the fuel mist are shown by the dashed arrows and the cone indicated by the dashed lines.
  • FIG. 4a accordingly shows the position when the heat is small and FIG. 4b shows the position when the heat is high.
  • the speed of the air which is greater in the position according to FIG. 4a than according to FIG. 4b, results from several interacting factors. These include: the back pressure in the mixing chamber, based on the oil mist pressed in and the dammed-up air, decreases with a lower load. With conventional fans, the delivery pressure increases when the amount of air delivered decreases.
  • the air supply is controlled by moving the lance 21, the air supply openings 10, 30 being more or less covered.
  • the openings can be both bores and elongated slots. They are distributed over the circumference of the nozzle, preferably in a rotationally symmetrical arrangement.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a construction in which a connecting piece 22 of the mixing chamber 3 is provided with bores 46.
  • the socket is surrounded on the outside by a rotatable sleeve 47, which has further bores 48, which open into the air duct 32.
  • the feed cross-section can be changed and the air supply regulation can thus be achieved.
  • the lance with the fuel nozzle is fixed in relation to the housing. Their position corresponds approximately to Figure 4b.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment in which the mixing chamber 3 is connected to a rotatable inner bush 50 by a sleeve 53 connected to the end part 34.
  • the inner bushing 50 is provided with bores 51 which, when they coincide with corresponding bores 52 of the fixed outer sleeve 53, result in maximum air passage; when the bushing 51 is rotated with respect to the outer part, the bores are closed more and more so that the air supply is finally reduced to a minimum.
  • the bushing is rotated via an actuator 60, which makes the bushing 50 rotatable via a gearwheel.
  • FIG. 7 shows an inner sleeve 50 ′ which can be rotated with the aid of the actuator 60 and which is provided with triangular slots 55.
  • the outer sleeve 53 is provided with slots 52 'which are rectangular in cross section.
  • FIG. 8 represents the constructive possibility of providing a displaceable inner bushing 50 "with fixed spigot 22 with slots 52 in the area of the wall of the mixing chamber 3, which has several slots 55 'with different cross sections.
  • the slots 52 can be variably exposed and the air supply can thereby be controlled.
  • a displaceable inner bushing 56 is shown within a fixed outer connecting piece 22 with bores 54, which is provided with triangular slots 57, which more or less expose the bores 54 leading to the air duct when the inner bushing is moved with the aid of a rod 61 and thereby make the air supply changeable.
  • FIG. 10 shows the possibility of using a displaceable lance 21 to create an inner bush which is displaceable within the connecting piece and is provided with bores 64 with different cross sections.
  • the slots of the nozzle are gradually released when the lance is withdrawn. This creates a multi-stage mixing chamber 3, 3 ', 3 ".
  • the nozzle is not provided with several rows of holes along its length, but rather with elongated slots (FIG. 11b). Almost rectangular slots 70, tapered slots 71, triangular tapered slots 72 and other shapes are suitable as exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which particular emphasis is placed on the dual (gas-oil) application option of the burner.
  • the principle of burner technology can also be applied to so-called dual-fuel burners. It is necessary for the lance 21 to be connected to a gas supply.
  • the gas supply is regulated by means of a rotatable perforated disk 40 which rotates the channel 42 ' Hole 49 gradually releases.
  • the perforated disk 40 is coupled to a rotatable outer sleeve 38 which controls the air supply during oil and gas combustion operation and is connected to a servomotor 76.
  • the mixing chamber 3 is designed in a conical section with an opening angle of about 30 0th
  • the gas supply channels 42 ' open laterally in the cone shells, while the fuel nozzle 4 is arranged in the cone tip.
  • the rotatable outer sleeve 38 with a slot changes the cross section of the air supply through the connector 22, which is also provided with bores 30.
  • the rotatable sleeve 38 is provided with teeth 79 on the outside of the sleeve, with which a gear 74 meshes.
  • the gear 74 is connected to the servomotor 76 via a shaft 75.
  • the servomotor receives its signals, for example, from a central control unit (not shown), which controls both the oil and the air supply. It is also possible to provide a control circuit which controls the oil supply or the air supply in accordance with the heat requirement or the measured mixture or the properties of the combustion gases, so that optimal and desired combustion data are always provided.
  • the dimensions of the burner and the burner arrangement can move in further areas. They are usually adapted to the atomizing nozzles which are known per se and are commercially available.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
EP78100277A 1977-06-29 1978-06-29 Verfahren zur Regelung der Verbrennung von flüssigen Brennstoffen, sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired EP0000358B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2729321A DE2729321C2 (de) 1977-06-29 1977-06-29 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff sowie Brennereinrichtung zurDurchführung des Verfahrens
DE2729321 1977-06-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000358A2 EP0000358A2 (de) 1979-01-24
EP0000358A3 EP0000358A3 (en) 1979-03-07
EP0000358B1 true EP0000358B1 (de) 1981-12-09

Family

ID=6012680

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100277A Expired EP0000358B1 (de) 1977-06-29 1978-06-29 Verfahren zur Regelung der Verbrennung von flüssigen Brennstoffen, sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4334854A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0000358B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5413019A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2729321C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE3113511C2 (de) * 1981-04-03 1986-07-10 Holec Gas Generators B.V., Nijmegen Brennereinrichtung für einen gasartigen Brennstoff
DD210412A3 (de) * 1982-05-24 1984-06-06 Brennstoffinstitut Strahlungsbrenner fuer mehrstoffahrweise mit radial sich erweiternder flachflamme
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DE3526482C1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1986-12-18 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Brenner zum Verbrennen von fluessigem Brennstoff
US4813867A (en) * 1985-10-31 1989-03-21 Nihon Nensho System Kabushiki Kaisha Radiant tube burner
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DE4418964A1 (de) * 1994-05-31 1995-12-07 Johannes Wilhelmus Graat Hohlzylindrischer Brennerkopf und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0699867A3 (de) 1994-09-03 1996-09-11 Johannes Wilhelmus Graat Brennereinrichtung für einen gasartigen Brennstoff
US5601789A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-02-11 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Raw gas burner and process for burning oxygenic constituents in process gas
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WO2004059211A1 (fr) * 2002-12-25 2004-07-15 Yanxin Li Bruleur auto-commande et methode de gestion de combustion
DE102004027702A1 (de) * 2004-06-07 2006-01-05 Alstom Technology Ltd Injektor für Flüssigbrennstoff sowie gestufter Vormischbrenner mit diesem Injektor
JP4867220B2 (ja) * 2005-07-15 2012-02-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料改質装置
SE0501840L (sv) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-20 Aga Ab Förfarande jämte för övervakning av en brännare
EP1943462A1 (de) * 2005-11-04 2008-07-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Brennerlanze
US8316875B2 (en) * 2008-12-30 2012-11-27 General Electric Company Methods, apparatus and/or systems relating to fuel delivery systems for industrial machinery

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0000358A2 (de) 1979-01-24
JPS5413019A (en) 1979-01-31
EP0000358A3 (en) 1979-03-07
DE2729321A1 (de) 1979-01-04
US4334854A (en) 1982-06-15
JPS6124602B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-06-11
DE2729321C2 (de) 1983-10-20

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