EP0000263B1 - Gasentladungs-Anzeigevorrichtung - Google Patents

Gasentladungs-Anzeigevorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000263B1
EP0000263B1 EP78300064A EP78300064A EP0000263B1 EP 0000263 B1 EP0000263 B1 EP 0000263B1 EP 78300064 A EP78300064 A EP 78300064A EP 78300064 A EP78300064 A EP 78300064A EP 0000263 B1 EP0000263 B1 EP 0000263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
display device
gaseous discharge
oxide
group
discharge display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300064A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000263A1 (de
Inventor
Osama Mohamed Aboelfotoh
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0000263A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000263A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J11/10—AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma
    • H01J11/12—AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma with main electrodes provided on both sides of the discharge space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J11/20—Constructional details
    • H01J11/34—Vessels, containers or parts thereof, e.g. substrates
    • H01J11/40—Layers for protecting or enhancing the electron emission, e.g. MgO layers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gaseous discharge display devices.
  • Plasma or gaseous discharge display and/or storage apparatus have certain desirable characteristics such as small size, thin flat display package, relatively low power requirements and inherent memory capability which render them particularly suitable for display apparatus.
  • gaseous discharge devices is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,559,190, "Gaseous Display and Memory Apparatus", patented January 26, 1971 by Donald L. Bitzer et al and assigned to the University of Illinois.
  • Such panels designated a.c. gas panels, may include an inner glass layer of physically isolated cells or comprise an open panel configuration of electrically insulated but not physically isolated gas cells. In the open panel configuration, which represents the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pair of glass plates having dielectrically coated conductor arrays formed thereon are sealed with the conductors in substantially orthogon relationship.
  • the signals When appropriate drive signals are applied to selected pairs or groups of conductors, the signals are capacitively coupled to the gas through the dielectric. When these signals exceed the breakdown voltage of the gas, the gas discharges in the selected area, and the resulting charge particles, ions and electrons, are attracted to the wall having a potential opposite the polarity of the particle. This wall charge potential opposes the drive signals which produce the discharge, rapidly extinguishing the discharge and assisting the breakdown of the-gas in the next alternation. Each discharge produces light emission from the selected cell or cells, and by operating at a relatively high frequency in the order of 30-40 kilocycles, a flicker-free display is provided. After initial breakdown, the discharge condition is maintained in selected cells by application of a lower potential designated the sustain signal which, combined with the wall charge, causes the selected cells to be reignited and extinguished continuously at the applied frequency to maintain a continuous display.
  • a lower potential designated the sustain signal which, combined with the wall charge, causes the selected cells to be reignited and exting
  • the capacitance of the dielectric layer is determined by the thickness of the layer, the dielectric constant of the material and the geometry of the drive conductors.
  • the dielectric material must be an insulator having sufficient dielectric strength to withstand the voltage produced by the wall charge and the externally applied potential.
  • the dielectric surface should be a relatively good emitter of secondary electrons to assist in maintaining the discharge, be transparent or translucent on the display side to transmit the light generated by the discharge for display purposes, and be susceptible to fabrication without reacting with the conductor metallurgy.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the dielectric should be compatible with that of the glass substrate on which the dielectric layer is formed.
  • the breakdown voltage may be lowered by utilizing a dielectric overcoat of a refractory material having a high coefficient of secondary emission such as magnesium oxide.
  • a refractory material having a high coefficient of secondary emission such as magnesium oxide.
  • the operating margin is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum sustained voltages (V s max.-V s min.) and in a typical plasma panel an operating margin of ten volts is provided.
  • V s max. under the effects of ion bombardment tends to decrease while V s min. remains essentially constant or decreases at a slower rate.
  • the selection circuits are adversely affected and the useful life of the panel is terminated. Such results may occur even before actual panel operation during the test or burn-in process.
  • the secondary emission of the magnesium oxide increases and the sustain voltage decays as a function of time. While this phenomenon is not fully understood, one hypothesis is that the oxygen in the magnesium oxide layer is moved from the discharge area as a result of the bombardment thereby modifying the MgO composition and its secondary emission characteristics.
  • French patent 2,333,341 (which has a UK counterpart 1,547,843) discloses a gaseous discharge display device constructed as previously described in which the conductors are insulated from direct contact with an ionizable gas contained within the discharge cells by a dielectric coating which is itself coated with a doped Group IIA oxide.
  • the publication in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Vol. 17 No. 10 March 1975 pages 2953-4 also describes the use of an alkali halide dielectric overcoat on a Group IIA metal oxide layer to reduce the sputtering of the dielectric and resultant degradation of the panel. In that publication the alkali halide which was used is lithium fluoride.
  • the solution proposed in the instant invention is doping the Group IIA metal oxide layer with a Group IA metal oxide to stabilize the secondary emission yield or coefficient under ion bombardment.
  • a gaseous discharge display device in which a plurality of display cells are defined by the intersections of a first set and a second set of parallel conductors carried on a first and a second substrate respectively and arranged orthogonally and in which the conductors are insulated from direct contact with an ionizable gas contained within the cells by a dielectric insulating coating which is itself coated with a doped Group IIA oxide characterized in that the dopant of the Group IIA oxide is a Group IA oxide.
  • magnesium oxide a refractory material characterized by a high coefficient of secondary emission
  • a Group IA element such as lithium and applied over the entire surface of the dielectric layer.
  • the secondary electron emission characteristics dominate the electric operating conditions in the gas panel, resulting, as more fully described hereinafter, in gaseous discharge operation with lower operating voltages.
  • Doping the magnesium oxide overcoat with elements of Group IA such as lithium or with lithium and small concentrations of elements of Group VII (e.g., iron or - nickel) or Group VIB (e.g. chromium) results in substantially no change in the maximum and minimum sustain voltage during test or ageing.
  • the lithium concentration which may vary from 5 to 40 atomic percent, significantly improves the stability of V s max. with panel operating time, thereby extending the useful life of the gas panel.
  • the memory margin of the cells is increased by increasing the maximum sustain voltage at a higher rate than that of the minimum sustain voltage. The alternate line ageing problem is eliminated, thereby increasing the panel yield and minimizing rejection of panels with inadequate memory margin.
  • a gas panel 21 comprising a plurality of individual gas cells or sites defined by the intersection of vertical drive lines 23A-23N and horizontal drive lines 25A-25N.
  • the structure of the preferred embodiment as shown in the drawings is enlarged, although not to scale, for purposes of illustration; however, the physical and electrical parameters are fully described in detail hereinafter. While only the viewing portion of the display panel is illustrated in the interest of clarity, it will be appreciated that in practice the drive conductors extend beyond the viewing area for interconnection to the driving signal source.
  • the gas panel 21 includes an ionizable gas such as a mixture of neon and argon within a sealed structure, the vertical and horizontal conductor arrays being formed on associate glass plates and disposed in orthogonal relationship on opposite, sides of the structure. Gas cells within the panel are selectively ionized during a write operation by applying to the associated conductors coincident potentials having a magnitude sufficient when algebraically added to exceed the breakdown voltage V B ,
  • the control potentials for write, read and erase operations may be square wave a.c. signals.
  • Typical operating potentials for a gaseous discharge panel with nominal deviations using a neon-argon gas mixture are 150 volts for write, 93 to 99 volts for sustain V s max.' and 83 volts for sustain minimum voltage V s min .
  • the gas cells are maintained in the discharge state by a lower amplitude periodic sustain signal. Any of the selected cells may be extinguished, termed an erase operation, by first reducing the potential difference across the cell by neutralizing the wall charges so that the sustain signal is not adequate to maintain the discharge.
  • an erase operation By selective write operations, information may be generated and displayed as a sequence of lighted cells or sites in the form of alphanumeric or graphic data, and such information may be regenerated as long as desired by the sustain operation.
  • the dielectric or its associated overcoat interfaces directly with the gas, it may be considered a gas panel envelope comprising relatively thin or fragile sheets of dielectric material such that a pair of glass substrates 27, 29, front and rear, is employed as support members on opposite sides of the panel.
  • the only requirement for such support members is that they be non-conductive and good insulators, and substantially transparent for display purposes.
  • Six millimeters thick commercial grade soda-lime-silica glass is utilized in the preferred embodiment.
  • conductor array 25 comprising conductors 25A-25N which are interposed between the glass substrate 27 and associated dielectric member 33.
  • the corresponding configuration for conductor array 23 is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Conductor arrays 23, 25 may be formed on substrates 27, 29 by a number of well known processes such as photoetching, vacuum deposition, stencil screening, etc.
  • Transparent, semi-transparent or opaque conductive material such as tin oxide, gold, aluminium or copper can be used to form the conductor arrays, or alternatively the conductor arrays 23, 25 may be wires or filaments of copper, gold, silver or aluminium or any other conductive metal or material.
  • formed in situ conductor arrays are preferred, since they may be more easily and more uniformly deposited on and adhere to the substrates 27, 29.
  • opaque chromium-copper-chromium conductors are utilized, the copper layer serving as the conductor, the lower layer of chromium providing adhesion to the associated substrate, the upper layer of chromium protecting the copper conductor from attack by the lead-borosilicate insulator during fabrication.
  • dielectric layers 33, 35, layer 33 of which is broken away in Figure 1 are formed in situ directly over conductor arrays 25, 23 respectively of an inorganic material having an expansion coefficient closely related to that of the substrate members.
  • One preferred dielectric material is lead-borosilicate solder glass, a material containing a high percentage of lead oxide.
  • lead-borosilicate glass frit is sprayed over the conductor array and the substrate placed in an oven where the glass frit is reflowed and monitored to ensure appropriate thickness.
  • the dielectric layer could be formed by electron beam evaporation, chemical vapour deposition or other suitable means.
  • the surface of the dielectric layers should be electrically homogeneous on a microscopic scale, i.e., should be preferably free from cracks, bubbles, crystals, dirt, surface films or any impurity or imperfection.
  • the problem of degradation occurring on an unprotected dielectric surface during operation of the gas panel resulting from ion bombardment produced variation of the electrical characteristics of individual cells and significantly reduced panel life.
  • the solution utilized in the preferred embodiment was the deposition of a homogeneous layer of a magnesium oxide having a high secondary emission characteristic doped with lithium between the dielectric surface and the gas. This homogeneous layer is formed by co-evaporation of the lithium and magnesium oxides in an evaporation system, the respective proportions of the constituents being determined by the respective evaporation rates. Such evaporations take place in the single evacuated chamber during a single pump-down.
  • Such a layer may comprise between 5 and 40 atomic percent lithium, the layer in the preferred embodiment being 3000 A or .3 micrometers thick.
  • the minimum sustain voltage V s min. increases slightly, while the maximum sustain voltage V s max. has a greater increase as the percentage of lithium increases.
  • the minimum sustain voltage with a 10 atomic percent lithium concentration was 84 volts; the maximum sustain voltage was 97 volts, while for MgO alone the maximum and minimum sustain voltages were 90 and 80 volts respectively.
  • the constituent magnesium and lithium oxides were co-evaporated using two separate electron guns to provide better control of the relative concentrations of the two oxides comprising the overcoat layer.
  • the dominant secondary electron production mechanism is defined as emission from the confining boundaries of the gas, which in the present invention are the dielectric surfaces.
  • the breakdown voltage in a gaseous discharge display panel is determined by the electron amplification in the gas volume defined by the coefficient a and the production of secondary electrons at the confining surfaces or cell walls defined by the coefficient y.
  • ⁇ is a monotonically increasing function of the voltage in the ordinary range of panel operation.
  • the secondary electron emission is characterized by a coefficient y, which is a function of the surface material and mode of preparation. Voltage breakdown occurs when the following approximate-relationship is satisfied: where d is the spacing between electrodes.
  • V s max. is a function of y while V s min . is primarily determined by wall charge.
  • V s max. is a function of y while V s min . is primarily determined by wall charge.
  • V s max. increases at a relatively high rate, while V s min . remains essentially constant or increases at a slower rate to provide increased memory margin.
  • the fabrication process of the panel involved outgassing the panel plates in a vacuum at 350°C for one hour and then cooling the panel plates in vacuum to room temperature with the lithium-magnesium oxide film deposited at room temperature.
  • a similar graph of a magnesium oxide coated plate tested under identical conditions indicated a deviation in A V 5 , of about -2.5 volts, a substantial difference in terms of the nominal margin values.
  • Two rigid support members or substrates 27 and 29 comprise the exterior members of the display panel, and in a preferred embodiment comprise 6 millimeter commercial grade sodalime-silica glass.
  • Formed on the inner walls of the substrate members 27 and 29 are the horizontal and vertical conductor arrays 25, 23 respectively. The conductor sizes and spacing are obviously enlarged in the interest of clarity.
  • the centre-to-centre conductor spacing in the respective arrays is between .356 millimeters and 1.524 millimeters using .08-.15 millimeter wide conductors which may be typically 2.5 micrometers in thickness.
  • the dielectric layers 33 and 35 are formed directly over the conductor arrays 25, 23 which, as previously described, may comprise solder glass such as lead-borosilicate glass containing a high percentage of lead oxide.
  • the dielectric members being of nonconductive glass, function as insulators and capacitors for their associated conductor arrays.
  • Lead-borosilicate glass dielectric is preferred since it adheres well to other glasses, has a lower reflow temperature than the soda-lime-silicate class substrates on which it is laid, and has a relatively high viscosity with a minimum of interaction with the metallurgy of the conductor arrays on which it is deposited.
  • the expansion characteristics of the dielectric must be tailored to that of the associated substrate members 27 and 29 to prevent bowing, cracking or distortion of the substrate. As an overlay or a homogeneous film, the dielectric layers 33 and 35 are more readily formed over the entire surface of the gaseous discharge device rather than cell-by-cell definition.
  • the lithium doped MgO overcoating over the associated dielectric layer is shown in Figure 2 as layers 39, 41 which, as previously noted, combine a high secondary electron emission efficiency with a resistance to aging during normal panel operations.
  • the overcoating layers 39 and 41 are required to adhere to the surface of the dielectric layers and remain stable under panel fabrication including the high temperature baking and evacuation processes.
  • a 0.3 micrometer thick coating is used in the preferred embodiment. While the lithium doped magnesium oxide coating in the above described embodiment of the present invention was applied over the entire surface, it will be appreciated that it could be also formed on a site-by-site definition.
  • the final parameter in the present invention relates to the gas space or gap 45 between the opposing lithium magnesium oxide surfaces in which the gas is contained.
  • This is a relatively critical parameter of the gas panel, since the intensity of the discharge and the interactions between discharges on adjacent discharge sites are functions of the spacing. While the size of the gap is not shown to scale in the drawings, a spacing of approximately 12.7 micrometers is utilized between cell walls in the preferred embodiment. Since a uniform spacing distance must be maintained across the entire panel, suitable spacer means, if needed, could be utilized to maintain this uniform spacing. While the gas is encapsulated in the envelope, additional details regarding sealing of the panel or fabrication details such as the high temperature bakeout, evacuation and backfill steps have been omitted as beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment of lithium doped magnesium oxide, it may also be implemented with magnesium oxide doped with other Group IA elements. It was also indicated in addition to doping with Group IA elements that doping of magnesium oxide overcoat with elements of Group VIB and Group VIII results in an improved panel stability during ageing. For example, doping the magnesium oxide coating with 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight of Chromium (Group VIB element) iron or nickel (Group VIII elements) results, on the other hand, in only a slight increase in the maximum and minimum sustain voltage of both the aged and unaged discharge cells during ageing. In addition, doping the magnesium oxide overcoat with lithium (Group IA element) or with lithium and iron (Group VIII elements) results in essentially no change in the maximum and minimum sustain during ageing.
  • doping the magnesium oxide coating of a gas panel with elements of Group IA such as lithium results in essentially no change in the maximum and minimum sustain during ageing.
  • Doping the magnesium oxide with Group VIB and Group VIII results in an improved panel stability during ageing.
  • the incorporation of lithium into MgO causes the maximum sustain voltage to increase while the minimum sustain voltages increase, if any, is only nominal, thereby enhancing, the panel margin.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung, bei der eine Anzahl von Anzeigezellen durch die Überkreuzungsstellen eines ersten Satzes mit einem zweiten Satz paralleler Leitungszüge definiert sind, die auf einem ersten bzw. zweiten Substrat aufliegen und orthogonal angeordnet sind, wobei die Leitungszüge durch einen dielektrischen Isolationsüberzug, der seinerseits mit einem dotierten Oxid eines der Elemente der Hauptgruppe 11 beschichtet ist, gegen direkten Kontakt mit einem innerhalb der Zelle auftretenden ionisierbaren Gas isoliert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Dotierung des Oxids eines der Elemente der Hauptgruppe II ein Oxid eines der Elemente der Hauptgruppe I dient.
2. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oxid eines der Elemente der Hauptgruppe I Lithiumoxid ist.
3. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Oxid eines der Elemente der Hauptgruppe II Magnesiumoxid ist.
4. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 3, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnesiumoxid mit Lithiumoxid in einer Konzentration von 5 bis 40 Atomprozent relativ zum Magnesiumoxid dotiert ist.
5. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 4, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der dielektrische Isolationsüberzug geringfügige Anteile von Elementen der Nebengruppe VI einschließt.
6. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 5, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elemente der Nebengruppe VI Chrom beinhalten.
7. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 4, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der dielektrische Isolationsüberzug geringfügige Anteile von Elementen der Nebengruppe VIII einschließt.
8. Gasentladungs-Anzeigeanordnung nach Anspruch 7, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elemente der Nebengruppe VIII Eisen und Nickel beinhalten.
EP78300064A 1977-06-30 1978-06-21 Gasentladungs-Anzeigevorrichtung Expired EP0000263B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/811,745 US4207488A (en) 1977-06-30 1977-06-30 Dielectric overcoat for gas discharge panel
US811745 1977-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000263A1 EP0000263A1 (de) 1979-01-10
EP0000263B1 true EP0000263B1 (de) 1981-03-18

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EP78300064A Expired EP0000263B1 (de) 1977-06-30 1978-06-21 Gasentladungs-Anzeigevorrichtung

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US (1) US4207488A (de)
EP (1) EP0000263B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5413255A (de)
AR (1) AR220535A1 (de)
BR (1) BR7803754A (de)
CA (1) CA1111481A (de)
DE (1) DE2860539D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1109196B (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4475060A (en) * 1981-05-05 1984-10-02 International Business Machines Corporation Stabilized plasma display device
JPS58172701U (ja) * 1982-05-11 1983-11-18 リンナイ株式会社 ガスコンロ
JPS59188014U (ja) * 1983-05-30 1984-12-13 リンナイ株式会社 ガス調理器
US4717814A (en) * 1983-06-27 1988-01-05 Metcal, Inc. Slotted autoregulating heater
US5272472A (en) * 1988-01-19 1993-12-21 Tektronix, Inc. Apparatus for addressing data storage elements with an ionizable gas excited by an AC energy source
JP3778223B2 (ja) * 1995-05-26 2006-05-24 株式会社日立プラズマパテントライセンシング プラズマディスプレイパネル
JPH10321374A (ja) * 1997-05-20 1998-12-04 Tdk Corp 有機ｅｌ素子
DE19843419A1 (de) * 1998-09-22 2000-03-23 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Entladungslampe mit dielektrisch behinderten Elektroden
KR100603354B1 (ko) * 2004-06-26 2006-07-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Pdp 보호막 형성용 조성물, 이를 이용하여 제조된 pdp 보호막, 보호막의 제조방법, 및 이를 채용한 pdp

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US3061752A (en) * 1958-07-28 1962-10-30 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Television camera tubes
FR1437859A (fr) * 1964-06-20 1966-05-06 Fernseh Gmbh Soc électrodes d'accumulation pour tubes de prise de vues de télévision
GB1116577A (en) * 1965-09-29 1968-06-06 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to television camera cathode ray tubes
US4114064A (en) * 1970-08-03 1978-09-12 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved voltage characteristics
US3989982A (en) * 1970-08-27 1976-11-02 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having decreased operating voltages
US3846670A (en) * 1970-08-27 1974-11-05 Owens Illinois Inc Multiple gaseous discharge display-memory panel having decreased operating voltages
US3846171A (en) * 1970-09-28 1974-11-05 Owens Illinois Inc Gaseous discharge device
US3863089A (en) * 1970-09-28 1975-01-28 Owens Illinois Inc Gas discharge display and memory panel with magnesium oxide coatings
US3932920A (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-01-20 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Method of manufacturing a multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved voltage characteristics
US4028578A (en) * 1973-02-16 1977-06-07 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Gas discharge dielectric containing a source of boron, gallium, indium, or thallium
US3852607A (en) * 1973-09-21 1974-12-03 Owens Illinois Inc Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having thin film dielectric charge storage member
JPS5263663A (en) * 1975-11-19 1977-05-26 Fujitsu Ltd Gas electric discharge panel
US4053804A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-10-11 International Business Machines Corporation Dielectric for gas discharge panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7823827A0 (it) 1978-05-26
JPS5751218B2 (de) 1982-10-30
JPS5413255A (en) 1979-01-31
DE2860539D1 (en) 1981-04-16
US4207488A (en) 1980-06-10
BR7803754A (pt) 1979-03-20
IT1109196B (it) 1985-12-16
CA1111481A (en) 1981-10-27
EP0000263A1 (de) 1979-01-10
AR220535A1 (es) 1980-11-14

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