EP0000101B1 - Corps abrasif à liant résineux contenant de l'oxyde cuivreux et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Corps abrasif à liant résineux contenant de l'oxyde cuivreux et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000101B1
EP0000101B1 EP78300033A EP78300033A EP0000101B1 EP 0000101 B1 EP0000101 B1 EP 0000101B1 EP 78300033 A EP78300033 A EP 78300033A EP 78300033 A EP78300033 A EP 78300033A EP 0000101 B1 EP0000101 B1 EP 0000101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resin
weight percent
cuprous oxide
abrasive
abrasive article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300033A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0000101A1 (fr
Inventor
John Julius Bodolai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kennecott Corp
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Kennecott Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Kennecott Corp filed Critical Kennecott Corp
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B24C11/005—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts of additives, e.g. anti-corrosive or disinfecting agents in solid, liquid or gaseous form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to resin bonded abrasive articles and their method of manufacture and more particularly relates to resin bonded abrasive wheels.
  • Resin bonded abrasive articles particularly resin bonded abrasive grinding wheels
  • Such wheels are used for numerous applications including grinding, polishing and cutting.
  • abrasive wheels are rotated at high speeds which makes it imperative that the wheels have sufficient physical strength and flexibility to withstand the high centrifugal forces generated during rotation and to withstand outside forces applied to the wheels during the grinding, polishing or cutting operation.
  • fillers blended with the resin have also been found to increase wheel strength.
  • such fillers as disclosed in U.S. Patent2,371,700 comprised certain metals or metal compounds of certain metals of groups IV, V, VI, VII and VIII of the fourth series of the periodic table of elements.
  • An example of such a compound is chromium oxide.
  • ferric oxide has been known as a suitable filler.
  • suitable fillers disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,087,803 include chromium oxide, zirconia and titania.
  • Iron sulfide is disclosed as a suitable filler in U.S. Patent 3,632,320 and trimanganese tetroxide and ferric oxide have been disclosed as suitable fillers in U.S. Patent 3,960,517.
  • U.S. Patent3,820,290 discloses that potassium fluroborate, sodium flu- roaluminate, barium sulfate, iron sulfide and calcium oxide are satisfactory filler compositions.
  • U.S. Patent 3,632,320 discloses that cryolite, fluorspar, zincblende, lead chloride and lead sulfide are suitable fillers.
  • U.S. Patent 3,087,803 discloses that silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide may comprise suitable filler compositions.
  • Magnesium oxide is suggested as an appropriate filler composition in U.S. Patents 2,294,239 and 3,208,836.
  • an improved process for the manufacture of a resin bonded abrasive article manufactured by blending a curable resin with an abrasive, shaping the resulting blend and curing the resin to form a resin bonded abrasive article.
  • the improvement in the process comprises incorporating from about 0.2 to about 10 weight percent of particulate cuprous oxide into the blend prior to shaping the blend.
  • the invention further comprises the resin bonded abrasive article manufactured in accordance with the process which article is a resin bonded abrasive article containing from about 0.2 to about 10 weight percent of particulate cuprous oxide.
  • the resin bonded abrasive article manufactured in accordance with the invention is usually in an abrasive grinding wheel which may be of any type such as a wheel for stock removal, polishing or cutoff applications.
  • the resin bonded abrasive article may, however, be any abrasive article wherein the abrasive articles are bonded together with a resin.
  • Other examples of such resin bonded abrasive articles include sharpening and honing stones, mounted points and segments.
  • the abrasive utilized in the abrasive article may be any abrasive grit or particle known to those skilled in the art including alumina, silica, zirconia, diamond, garnet, various fused and sintered combinations of alumina, zirconia and silica, and silicon carbide.
  • the abrasive in the resin bonded abrasive article generally constitutes from about 79.8 to about 95.8 weight percent of the article.
  • the average particle size of the abrasive is from about 90 to about 2 500 microns and usually from about 700 to about 1 000 microns.
  • the abrasive is held together or bonded by a resin which is cured after it is blended with the abrasive.
  • the resin may be a curable liquid or solid resin or a combination of both liquid and solid resins.
  • the curable resin is any resin which can be cured to form a solid resin having sufficient strength and adhesion to securely bond the abrasive particles.
  • examples of such resins are phenolic resins and polyester resins.
  • the most desirable resins are phenolic type resins including resol resins which are heat curable and novolac resins which require a curing agent such as hexamethylenetetramine or paraformaldehyde.
  • the preferred resin is a combination of a heat curable liquid resol and a solid novolac resin.
  • the curable liquid resin should not have a high molecular weight prior to curing to permit the resin to be blenbed with the abrasive particles.
  • the curable liquid resin prior to curing should therefore have a viscosity of from between about 0.8 to a maximum of about 10,000 poise and desirably between about 10 and about 1 000 poise.
  • the most desirable liquid phenolic resin is a low viscosity liquid phenolic resin with a slow rate of cure having a viscosity at 25 °C of between about 325 and 450 centipoise and a gell time of about 35 minutes at 121 °C.
  • Suitable liquid resins are commercially available from Varcum Chemical Division of Reichhold Chemical Inc. under the name of Varcum 8121 and from Georgia Pacific Corporation under the name of GP5080.
  • the most desirable powdered phenolic resin is a medium flow solid novolac resin containing from about 2 to about 15 weight percent, based upon weight of novolac resin, of hexamethylenetetramine.
  • the resin may be any phenolic type novolac resin including those made from phenol and cresol.
  • the most desirable powdered resin has a flow in millimeters of about 26 to 34. The flow is determined by heating a 10 mm diameter by 6 mm thick pallet of the resin at 125° ⁇ 1 °C for three minutes on a glass plate, tilting the plate to 65° from the horizontal and continuing to heat at 125°C j: 1 °C for twenty minutes, cooling the plate in the horizontal position and measuring the flow of distance in millimeters.
  • the most desirable resin also has an apparent density of about 0.33 grams per cc and contains from about 7.2 to about 7.7 percent hexamethylenetetramine.
  • the melting point of the uncured resin is from about 90 to about 97 °C.
  • Suitable solid resins are commercially available from the Carborundum Company under the name N2, from Ashland Chemical Division of Ashland Corporation under the name Arophene 875, from Varcum Chemical Co., Division of Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. under the name V7608 and from Borden Chemical Company, under the name Ad5991.
  • a wetting or dispersing agent is blended with the abrasive at the time of or prior to the blending of the abrasive with the liquid resin.
  • Any effective agent known to those skilled in the art may be used.
  • effective wetting agents are a liquid mixture of about 75 weight percent furfural and 25 weight percent cresol, colloidal silica and silanes.
  • Wetting or dispersing agents may be used alone or in combination.
  • Particularly effective dispersing agents are amine modified organosilanes.
  • Such organosilanes preferably have the structural formula : wherein the R i , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 radicals are independently lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or amino lower alkyl provided that at least one of the radicals is lower alkoxy and at least one of the radicals is amino lower alkyl.
  • Lower alkyl as used herein means an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms inclusive. Examples of lower alkyl radicals are methyl, alkyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
  • Lower alkoxy used herein means an alkoxy containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms inclusive.
  • Examples of such lower alkoxy radicals are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy.
  • Amino lower alkyl as used herein means an amine radical containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms inclusive. Examples of such radicals are amino propyl, dimethyl amino propyl, amino ethyl and methyl amino ethyl.
  • a particularly desirable silane is a lower alkylamine modified triethoxysilane.
  • Suitable silanes may be commercially obtained from Union Carbide Silicone Division under the name A1100 Silane and from General Electric Company Silicones Products Division under the name SC-3901.
  • amine modified organosilane is incorporated into the blend even when other additional dispersing or wetting agents are present.
  • From about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent of such other agents are desirably also present, e.g. from about 0.05 to about 3 weight percent of colloidal silica dispersion (40 percent dispersion of colloidal silica in water).
  • fillers such as fluorspar may be added and are desirably present in an amount of from about 5 to 25 weight percent of the total blend.
  • the resin and other components of the composition are blended with the abrasive particles by any suitable mixing apparatus known to those skilled in the art.
  • suitable mixing apparatus include the Lancaster type mixer having a containing drum which rotates in a direction opposite the rotation of mixing paddies, the high speed propeller type mixer, and the ball mill.
  • the dispersion of the abrasive particles, resin, cuprous oxide (Cu20) and other components should be uniform.
  • particulate cuprous oxide is incorporated and blended with the composition.
  • the cuprous oxide has an average particle size of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 6 microns. From about 0.2 to about 10 percent, and preferably from about 0.5 to about 5 percent, cuprous oxide is added by weight of the blend.
  • cuprous oxide may be added as pure cuprous oxide or may be blended with another component.
  • Preblends of cuprous oxide with silicon carbide are particularly desirable, e.g. 79 weight percent C U2 0 blended with SiC having a particle size range of 5 to 30 microns and an average particle size of 15 microns.
  • the blended composition is shaped.
  • the shaping is usually accomplished by introducing the blend into a mould and subjecting the blend in the mould to a pressure of about 3 to about 300 kilograms per square centimeter at a temperature of from about 10 to about 100 °C and preferably at about 25 °C for from about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.
  • the article which desirably contains from about 5 to about 20 percent curable liquid resin, from about 79.8 to about 94.8 weight percent abrasive and from about 0.2 to about 10 percent cuprous oxide is then cured.
  • the curing usually occurs at a temperature of from about 100 °C to about 225 °C for from about 1 to about 24 hours.
  • the resulting resin bonded abrasive article is found to have excellent strength as compared with similar articles manufactured in the prior art.
  • the above ingredients are blended in a mill until the blend is uniform and about 500 grams of the resulting blend is introduced with two layers of fiber glass reinforcing cloth, into an abrasive wheel mould having inside mould dimensions of 6" by 1/4" (15 cm x 0.6 cm) thick with 1" (2.5 cm) diameter central hole.
  • the material in the mould is then subjected with a pressure of 3,000 psi (210 kg cm- 2 ) for 10 seconds.
  • the resulting formed wheel is then dusted with zinc stearate powder and cured for 38 hours using the following sequence :
  • the wheel is then unloaded from curing oven when the temperature is about 52 °C or less.
  • the resulting abrasive wheel is a bonded abrasive wheel manufactured in accordance with known prior art procedures.
  • Example I is repeated except that the 5 cc of the furfural-cresol liquid is eliminated and 5 cc of 40 percent suspension colloidal silica is added.
  • the resulting wheel is found to have a higher burst speed, i.e. greater resistance to breaking under centrifugal force, than the grinding wheel manufactured in accordance with Example I.
  • Example I is repeated except 5 cc of 1100 ami- nofunctionalorganosilane is incorporated into the blend.
  • the resulting abrasive wheel is found to have a higher burst speed than the wheel manufactured in accordance with Example I.
  • Example II is repeated except 5 cc of A1100 amino substituted organosilane is incorporated into the blend.
  • the resulting abrasive wheel is found to have a higher burst speed than the wheels manufactured in accordance with Examples I, II and III.
  • Example I is repeated except that 50 grams of a uniform mixture of 70 percent cuprous oxide (C U2 0) and 30 percent silicon carbide (SiC) having an average particle size of 15 is preblended with the powdered phenolic resin and the fluorspar and the preblend is then added to the aluminum oxide blend.
  • the resulting wheel is found to have an improved burst speed over the burst speed of the wheel prepared in accordance with Example I.
  • Example III is repeated except that 50 grams of the Cu20-SiC mix is preblended with the powdered phenolic resin and fluorspar. The resulting preblend is then incorporated into the aluminum oxide blend. The resulting wheel is found to have a burst speed which is superior to the burst speed of any of the wheels manufactured in accordance with Examples I through V.
  • Example IV is repeated except that 50 grams of the Cu 2 0-SiC mix is preblended with the powdered phenolic resin and fluorspar and the preblend is then incorporated into the aluminum oxide blend.
  • the resulting abrasive wheel has a burst speed which is higher than the burst speeds of any of the wheels manufactured in accordance with Examples I through V and which is essentially the same as the burst speed manufactured in accordance with Example VI.
  • Example VII is repeated except that 50 grams of essentially pure cuprous oxide is substituted for the C U2 0-SiC mix.
  • the resulting wheel has a burst speed which is approximately the same as the burst speed of the wheel prepared in accordance with Example VII.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Procédé de production d'un article abrasif lié par une résine, impliquant le mélange d'une résine mûrissable avec un abrasif, le façonnage du mélange résultant et la maturation de la résine pour former un article abrasif lié par la résine, procédé caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à incorporer environ 0,2 à environ 10% en poids d'oxyde cuivreux en particules au mélange avant le façonnage.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la quantité d'oxyde cuivreux en particules est d'environ 0,2 à 5 % en poids.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'une quantité d'environ 0,05 à environ 2 % en poids d'un organosilane modifié par une amine, de formule :
Figure imgb0008
(dans laquelle les radicaux R1, R2, R3 et R4 représentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un radical alkyle inférieur, un radical alkoxy inférieur ou un radical amino-alkyle inférieur, à condition qu'au moins l'un de ces radicaux soit un radical amino-alkyle inférieur et qu'au moins l'un de ces radicaux soit un radical alkoxy inférieur), est incorporée au mélange.
4. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les particules d'oxyde cuivreux ont un diamètre moyen inférieur à environ 20 micromètres.
5. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la résine est une résine phénolique, comprenant en association une résine phénolique liquide du type résol et une résine phénolique solide du type novolaque, mûrie à l'hexaméthylènetétramine.
6. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel environ 0,05 à environ 3 % en poids de silice colloïdale, ayant un diamètre moyen de particules inférieur à environ 6 micromètres, sont incorporés au mélange.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la résine comprend un mélange d'une résine phénolique solide du type novolaque mûrie avec environ 2 à environ 15 %, en poids de résine, d'hexaméthylènetétramine et d'une résine phénolique liquide du type résol qui mûrit sous l'action de la chaleur.
8. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une portion de ladite résine, avant la maturation, est un liquide ayant une viscosité d'environ 0,08 à environ 1000 Pa.s.
9. Procédé suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une portion de ladite résine, avant la maturation, a une viscosité d'environ 1,0 à environ 100,0 Pa.s.
10. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le mélange est mis en forme dans un moule à une température d'environ 10 à environ 100 °C sous une pression d'environ 0,3 à environ 30,0 MPa pendant une période d'environ 5 secondes à environ 10 minutes.
11. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'article mis en forme est mûri à une température d'environ 100 à environ 225°C pendant une période d'environ 1 à environ 24 heures.
12. Article abrasif comprenant un abrasif lié par une proportion d'environ 5 à environ 20 % en poids d'une résine mûrie, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient environ 0,2 à environ 10 % en poids d'oxyde cuivreux.
13. Article abrasif suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la quantité d'oxyde cuivreux va d'environ 0,2 à environ 5 % en poids.
14. Article abrasif suivant la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que la résine mûrie renferme en outre environ 0,05 à environ 2 % en poids d'un organosilane répondant à la formule :
Figure imgb0009
dans laquelle les radicaux R1' R2, R3 et R4 repré- ,sentent, indépendamment les uns des autres, un radical alkyle inférieur, alkoxy inférieur ou amino-alkyle inférieur, à condition qu'au moins l'un de ces radicaux soit un radical alkyle inférieur et qu'au moins l'un de ces radicaux soit un radical alkoxy inférieur.
EP78300033A 1977-06-13 1978-06-12 Corps abrasif à liant résineux contenant de l'oxyde cuivreux et son procédé de fabrication Expired EP0000101B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/805,768 US4110939A (en) 1977-06-13 1977-06-13 Cuprous oxide containing resin bonded abrasive article and process for manufacturing same
US805768 1977-06-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000101A1 EP0000101A1 (fr) 1978-12-20
EP0000101B1 true EP0000101B1 (fr) 1981-02-11

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EP78300033A Expired EP0000101B1 (fr) 1977-06-13 1978-06-12 Corps abrasif à liant résineux contenant de l'oxyde cuivreux et son procédé de fabrication

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US (1) US4110939A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000101B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS545289A (fr)
AR (1) AR223818A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR7803748A (fr)
CA (1) CA1104839A (fr)
DE (1) DE2860460D1 (fr)
IN (1) IN149678B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA783083B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0034898A3 (fr) * 1980-02-16 1982-03-17 Kennecott Corporation Fabrication de produits abrasifs liés par une résine
JPS5733421U (fr) * 1980-08-02 1982-02-22
CA1188103A (fr) * 1981-03-20 1985-06-04 Richard H. Sioui Meule abrasive
US4871376A (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-10-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Resin systems for coated products; and method
US5250085A (en) * 1993-01-15 1993-10-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Flexible bonded abrasive articles, methods of production and use
JPH1119875A (ja) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-26 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd ビトリファイド砥石
US6514302B2 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-02-04 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Methods for producing granular molding materials for abrasive articles
KR100664290B1 (ko) * 2006-02-27 2007-01-04 엘지전자 주식회사 의류 건조기의 건조 드럼
US8481438B2 (en) * 2008-06-13 2013-07-09 Washington Mills Management, Inc. Very low packing density ceramic abrasive grits and methods of producing and using the same
NZ602387A (en) 2010-08-06 2015-02-27 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive tool and a method for finishing complex shapes in workpieces
CN115304931B (zh) * 2022-07-28 2023-07-11 辽宁嘉顺科技有限公司 一种高疏水、高绝缘性电工级氧化镁砂及其生产方法

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2216135A (en) * 1937-05-21 1940-10-01 Us Rubber Co Manufacture of abrasive articles
US2878111A (en) * 1954-09-21 1959-03-17 Union Carbide Corp Water-resistant abrasive structures
US3098730A (en) * 1959-07-22 1963-07-23 Norton Co Grinding wheels having unsaturated organic polymeric bonds and the like
US3041156A (en) * 1959-07-22 1962-06-26 Norton Co Phenolic resin bonded grinding wheels
FR1519138A (fr) * 1967-04-14 1968-03-29 Avco Corp Composition de charge pour article abrasif
NL134383C (fr) * 1967-07-21 1900-01-01
US3518068A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-06-30 Gen Electric Process for manufacturing grinding wheels containing coppercoated grains
US3528789A (en) * 1968-05-15 1970-09-15 Gen Electric Lubricating composition applied to boron nitride grinding wheels
BE758964A (fr) * 1969-11-14 1971-05-13 Norton Co Elements abrasifs
US3899307A (en) * 1970-11-10 1975-08-12 Dresser Ind Resin bonded diamond wheels with copper and silicon carbide fillers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2860460D1 (en) 1981-03-26
EP0000101A1 (fr) 1978-12-20
AR223818A1 (es) 1981-09-30
US4110939A (en) 1978-09-05
CA1104839A (fr) 1981-07-14
BR7803748A (pt) 1979-03-27
JPS545289A (en) 1979-01-16
IN149678B (fr) 1982-03-13
ZA783083B (en) 1979-05-30

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