EA042458B1 - BEAM OF ANIMAL SKIN FIBERS, YARN, REINFORCED YARN AND ARTICLE WITH NANO-BRACES - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to bundles of animal skin fibers, yarns and reinforced yarns, in particular to bundles of animal skin fibers, yarns and reinforced yarns with nano-arms.

State of the art

The country's leather industry is an integral part of the light industry, which includes three industries based on natural resources: the leather industry and the fur and leather goods industries. The finished product of tanning is called leather, and leather is leather products made from dehaired animals. Fur is also called fur skin or fur coat, which are animal skin products with fur. Leather goods are carefully processed leather or fur products, such as leather shoes, leather clothing, leather materials, etc. Tanning refers to a series of physical and chemical treatments on raw leather to change its properties and appearance to produce leather.

Raw skin is removed from the carcass of the animal, and it mainly contains the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. In this case, the dermis layer is located under the epidermis layer, and its mass and thickness, respectively, make up more than 90% of the skin, which is the main part of the skin. The dermis is mainly composed of collagen fibers, elastin fibers and reticular fibers, which are tightly intertwined and connected to each other. In addition, the dermis also contains some non-fibrous components such as hair follicles, sweat glands, adipose glands, fat cells, muscles, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and fibrous interstitium.

The collagen fibers described above are the main fibers in the dermis, which makes up the bulk of raw skin. Collagen fibers are made up of collagen and make up 95 to 98% of all fibers in the dermis.

Collagen fibers do not branch out, but gather into bundles. The process of their formation is as follows:

Procollagen molecules ^ protofibrils (diameter 1.2-1.7 nm) ^ subfibrils (diameter 3-5 nm) ^ fibrils (diameter 20 nm) ^ thin fibers (diameter 2-5 μm) ^ collagen fibers (diameter 20150 μm). The procollagen molecule is a right-handed complex helical structure formed by three left-handed helical peptide chains of collagen. The peptide chain of collagen consists of helical chains and non-helical terminal peptides connected to them. Both helical and non-helical terminal peptides are composed of amino acid sequences.

Although the amino acid composition and amino acid sequence of collagen differs depending on the different sources and types of collagen, the content of several essential amino acids is approximately the same, namely the content of glycine, alanine, proline and hydroxyproline.

Procollagen molecules ^ protofibrils (diameter 1.2-1.7 nm) ^ subfibrils (diameter 3-5 nm) ^ fibrils (diameter usually 20 nm) ^ thin fibers (diameter 2-5 μm) ^ collagen fibers (diameter 20-150 µm) - is a process of formation of collagen fibers, but in animal skins or leather products, where collagen is in the state of collagen fibers, there are no independent, separate bundles of collagen fibers with nano-branches.

Raw raw leather for tanning before processing has the following properties:

(1) the skin removed from the carcass of an animal is wet, it becomes hard after drying, loses its softness and plasticity, and breaks easily when folded;

(2) wet skins quickly rot, shed and smell bad in hot and humid conditions;

(3) in hot water above 65°C, the skin shrinks. The higher the temperature, the greater the shrinkage;

(4) the air and vapor permeability of the skin is not very high, in other words, there is unsanitary conditions;

(5) under the influence of chemicals, skins easily become unusable.

Because of the above properties of untanned leather, it cannot be directly made into people's daily necessities. Therefore, people turn the skins into leather through a series of physical and chemical treatments. Although leather is obtained by physical and chemical processing of raw leather, the morphology and structure of the collagen fiber bundles in cured leather is generally the same as in raw leather.

Raw leather is popular with people because it does not become hard and brittle, does not rot, does not shrink, has good air and vapor permeability and chemical resistance. However, when processing leather into leather goods, many residues are generated. According to statistics, China annually produces 1.4 million tons of leather residues in the leather industry and leather goods industry; India produces 150,000 tons of leather residues annually; The United States annually produces 60,000 tons of chromium leather waste. These leather residues are one of the important factors in the leather industry causing serious environmental pollution.

Given the large production of leather residues since the 1980s, due to tightening

- 1 042458 environmental regulations in developed countries, the reduction of places where leather trimmings can be applied, and the high cost of pollution control, developed countries, on the one hand, have transferred their polluting industries to developing countries; on the other hand, they began to actively use the processing of leather scraps and conduct research in this area. Especially since the 1990s. Due to the growing global environmental problems, such as lack of resources and environmental pollution, the leather industry is faced with the challenge of finding a sustainable development strategy. Thus, the use of leather residues as a resource has become an important topic in China and abroad.

The processing of leather residues has a long history, but in the past this issue did not attract wide attention from domestic and foreign scientists. Over the past 20 years, with the development of molecular biology and the emergence in humans of a deeper understanding of the structure of collagen and its properties, the fields of its application began to expand; therefore, the use of leather residues as a resource is no longer just the use of waste products in the production of low value-added products such as recycled leather, and has taken on a new meaning, which is to strive for the production of high value-added products. Collagen fibers are an important functional substance that is part of the animal body, and has a unique ability to biocompatibility and biodegradation compared to other synthetic polymeric materials. Therefore, the importance and economic position of collagen fibers (i.e., animal skin fibers) as a natural biomass resource in the food, medical, cosmetic, feed, mineral fertilizer and other industries are becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the foregoing, the Applicant has carefully studied the issue of reusing skin scraps, applied for domestic and foreign patents, and launched the results of his developments into actual production. The use of collagen fibers has been disclosed, for example, in applications for a patent in China: 200410034435.4, 200410090255.8, 200410097268.8, 200410097268.8, 200510036778.9, 200710003092.92.92.3333111.811.811.811.811.811.811.201.1811.201.1811.02.201.1811.1811.EA The above collagen fibers studied by the Applicant are obtained by gradual decomposition of skin residues or collagen fibers in the skin, which are in an intertwined state, under the hydraulic action of a liquid decomposer. However, previous studies and embodiments have degraded skin residues or collagen fibers in the skin to only form animal skin fibers with a backbone and small branches. In the course of research, it was found that nanoscale gives materials unique properties compared to the same materials that are in a non-nanoscale state. Therefore, the study and implementation of independent and separate animal skin nanofibers and methods for their processing is of great importance.

For this reason, some scientists have begun to study naturally occurring nanofibers. For example, in China Patent Application No. 200510086251.7 with a publication date of February 8, 2006, a method for producing naturally occurring nanofibers is proposed, in particular, the application discloses the following steps:

(1) soaking biological material of natural origin in a container with a specific solvent;

(2) turning on the ultrasonic device with a certain frequency and power, and inserting the ultrasonic transmitter probe into a container filled with a solution of biological material of natural origin, for a certain dispersion time by ultrasound to obtain a nanofiber of natural origin.

Biological materials of natural origin include spider silk, silkworm silk, wild silkworm silk, wool, fish scales, bamboo fibers, collagen fibers and wood fibers. The above documents disclose that naturally occurring nanofibers can be obtained from collagen fibers, but it is known to those skilled in the art that collagen fibers are distributed in bone tissue and the collagen fiber-forming protein is type I collagen. Type I collagen is an integral part of bone collagen. Bone type I collagen contains more than 3,000 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 95,000, which differs from connective tissue and type I collagen in chemical structure. Type I bone collagen has fewer cross-linking sites. The anterior N-terminal extension peptide of type I bone collagen was phosphorylated, while no translationally modified procollagen was found in the connective tissue. The amino acid composition of bone collagen also differs from that of cartilage. It contains two special amino acids, namely serine and glycine. A large amount of serine is in the form of phosphoserine, so the combination of phosphate and collagen is important in the mineralization process. During the mineralization of the bone matrix, hydroxyapatite combines with bone collagen to form normal bone. Type I bone collagen is cross-linked to form the bone matrix scaffold; the quality and quantity of bone collagen is also related to mineralization, maintaining a certain ratio of deposits. The mineralization process also requires the participation of non-collagen proteins in the bone matrix, namely osteocalcin, matrix protein, etc. Type I collagen is not only

- 2 042458 provides a structural site for the deposition of osteocalcin, but also combines with non-collagen proteins such as osteocalcin to form a meshwork that provides the basic conditions for bone mineralization.

In practical studies, one can see hydroxyapatite crystals distributed along the long axis of collagen fibers on ultrathin sections of bone without decalcification. Collagen fibers have low resistance to compression and elasticity. Hydroxyapatite crystals are brittle, but when they are combined with collagen fibers, they have great structural strength, so that bone tissue can acquire high mechanical properties.

The collagen fiber in the skin is also composed of collagen, but it is different from the collagen in the collagen bone fiber, and the collagen fiber in the skin has better compression resistance and elasticity, which shows that there is a significant difference in composition and characteristics between collagen bone fibers and collagen fibers in skin.

Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a method for separating nanobranched animal skin collagen fiber bundles from the skin in order to improve the characteristics of the separated animal skin fiber bundles.

Short description

The first object of the present invention is to provide an animal skin fiber bundle with nano-arms. In the animal skin fiber bundle structure of the present invention, the animal skin fiber bundle has independent, separate nano-arms attached to the animal skin fiber base, and exhibits good antibacterial effect, good adsorption capacity, and improved mechanical properties.

The second object of the present invention is to provide yarn from bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-arms. In the yarn structure of the present invention, the animal skin fiber bundle has independent, separate nano-arms attached to the animal skin fiber base, and exhibits good antibacterial effect, good adsorption capacity, and improved mechanical properties.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced yarn from bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-arms. In the reinforced yarn structure of the present invention, the animal skin fiber bundle has independent, separate nano-arms attached to the animal skin fiber base, and exhibits good antibacterial effect, good adsorption capacity and improved mechanical properties.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an article made from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms. The animal skin fiber bundle has independent, separate nano-arms attached to the animal skin fiber base and exhibits good antibacterial effect, good adsorption capacity and improved mechanical properties. To solve the above first problem, the bundle of nano-branched animal skin fibers comprises an animal skin fiber backbone, which is a spinnable backbone of animal skin fibers; and has nano-branches based on animal skin fibers.

In addition, the nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less.

Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable nano-arm fiber bundles that are formed by liquid defibration, loosening and combing of animal skin. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the process of collagen fiber formation, nanobranches exist independently and separately and are attached to the base of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from the morphological structure of primary fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in the amount per unit length. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms, the specific surface area is much higher, resulting in the animal skin fiber having different characteristics and new functions, namely, high adsorption capacity. The adsorptive capacity is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nano-branches attached to the base of the animal skin fibers, and the bundle of animal skin fibers is formed by an amino acid sequence to form a peptide chain. The peptide chain then forms collagen molecules. This particular component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle and hence a higher ultraviolet light absorption capacity. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials. Liquid defibration (defibration) is the extraction of bundles of animal skin fibers from skin or leather residues under the mechanical action of the rotor of a liquid defibering machine (defibrator) and the hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, during the rotation of the rotor of a liquid defibrator, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather residues, causing friction and other forces that occur between the skin or leather residues and the rotor. On the other hand, one hundred

- 3 042458 rons, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-speed turbulent area is formed around the rotor, and the fluid flow rate in each area is different, so the skin or leather residues rub against each other, which leads to the extraction of skin fiber bundles.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed complex helix of procollagen, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other. This is the collagen helix, which is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include the Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, histidine-aldol cross-link, etc. In the case of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, nano-branches are due to an increase in the number of surface atoms, insufficient coordination of atoms and high surface energy, as a result of which these surface atoms are highly active, extremely unstable and easily combine with other atoms. Due to the covalent cross-links between the chains, the nanobranches are easily connected to animal skin fibers and other nanobranches. At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the base of the animal's skin fibers. The bundle of animal skin fibers provides greater mechanical strength. Interlacing easily occurs between the animal skin fiber backbone, between the nanoarms, and between the animal skin fiber backbone and the nanoarms, thereby improving mechanical properties such as strength of the animal skin fiber bundle.

To solve the above second problem, the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle yarn contains the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle, and the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle contains the animal skin fiber base. The backing is a spun backing of animal skin fibers, and the backing of animal skin fibers has branches and nano-branches. The basis of animal skin fibers, branches and nano-branches are intertwined and twisted with each other into longitudinal ordered structures.

In addition, the nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less.

In addition, the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle yarn also contains other textile fibers besides the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles.

The yarn from bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches is formed by twisting bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches. The basis of animal skin fibers, branches and nano-branches are intertwined and twisted with each other into longitudinal ordered structures. Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable fiber bundles formed by various processes such as liquid defibration, loosening and carding. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the process of collagen fiber formation, nanobranches exist independently and separately and are attached to the base of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from the morphological structure of primary fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in the amount per unit length. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the specific surface area is much higher, which leads to the animal skin fiber having different characteristics and new functions, namely, high adsorption capacity. The adsorptive capacity is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nano-branches attached to the base of animal skin fibers, and bundles of animal skin fibers are formed by amino acid sequences to form peptide chains, which then form collagen molecules. This particular component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle and hence a higher ultraviolet light absorption capacity. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials.

Liquid defibration is the extraction of bundles of animal skin fibers from skin or leather residues under the mechanical action of a liquid defibrator rotor and hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, during the rotation of the rotor of a liquid defibrator, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather residues, causing friction and other forces that occur between the skin or leather residues and the rotor. On the other hand, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-speed turbulent area is formed around the rotor, and the fluid flow rate in each area is different, so the skin or leather residue rubs against each other, which leads to the removal of skin fiber bundles.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed complex helix of procollagen, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other. This is the collagen helix, which is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and

- 4 042458 intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include the Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, histidine-aldol cross-link, etc. In the case of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, nano-branches are due to an increase in the number of surface atoms, insufficient coordination of atoms and high surface energy, as a result of which these surface atoms are highly active, extremely unstable and easily combine with other atoms. Due to the covalent cross-links between the chains, when the animal skin fibers with nanoarms intertwine during the twisting process, the nanoarms readily interact with the animal skin fiber backbone, its branches, and other nanoarms. At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the base of the animal's skin fibers. The base of the animal skin fibers provides greater mechanical strength to the bundle of animal skin fibers. In addition, weaving easily occurs between the animal skin fiber backbone, between the nano-arms, and between the animal skin fiber backbone and the nano-arms, thereby improving mechanical properties such as yarn strength.

To solve the third problem, the reinforced yarn from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches contains yarn with a core, and the core yarn is covered with a skin layer formed by twisting animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches. The bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-branches contains the basis of animal skin fibers, which is the spinnable basis of animal skin fibers. An animal skin fiber backbone has branches and nano-branches, and an animal skin fiber backbone, branches and nano-branches are intertwined with each other and twisted together into longitudinal ordered structures.

In addition, the nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less.

In addition, the skin layer also contains other textile fibers than the nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles. In addition, core yarn is elastic core yarn. Nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle reinforcement yarn is made from nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles to form a skin layer by twisting and arranging the bundles into longitudinal ordered structures, interlacing the animal skin fiber backbone, branches and nano-arms with each other, and the skin layer is wrapped around core yarn.

When combing the nano-armed animal skin fiber bundle according to the present invention, the better the combing, the better the nano-armed animal skin fiber bundle is split, the more branches and nano-arms, and the thinner the base of the animal skin fibers, the thinner the branches. Although the combed animal skin fiber bundles with nanoarms become shorter as more arms are formed, animal skin fiber bundles and their nanoarms align with adjacent animal skin fiber bundles and their nanoarms during the spinning process.

Neighboring bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches and their branches are intertwined and twisted, forming a longitudinally ordered mesh structure. The more branches and nano-branches, the more complex the network structure. The greater the specific surface area of the animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the greater the friction between them and the greater the cohesive strength, which increases the tensile and abrasion strength of the skin itself, so that for the same amount of yarn, the more animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the more weave points, the smoother the yarn, the higher its quality and characteristics, as well as the fuller application of the natural and unique structural characteristics of the bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-branches. Since there is a core in the yarn, even if the nano-arms animal skin fiber bundles are carded into shorter nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles, the tensile strength of the reinforced yarn will not be affected. Therefore, the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the fact that according to the prior art, in order to achieve the basic tensile strength, bundles of animal skin fibers are extracted from the skin and yarn is directly spun from them, and eliminates the disadvantages that yarn with a high fiber content is extremely difficult or impossible to process.

Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable fiber bundles formed by various processes such as liquid defibration, loosening and carding. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the process of collagen fiber formation, nanobranches exist independently and separately and are attached to the base of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from the morphological structure of primary fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in the amount per unit length. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the specific surface area is much higher, which leads to the animal skin fiber having different characteristics and new functions, namely, high adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nano-branches, and the bundle of animal skin fibers consists of amino acid sequences forming peptide chains, and then the peptide chains form molecules

- 5 042458 collagen. This specific component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle. Thus, the absorption capacity of ultraviolet light is higher. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials.

Liquid defibration is the extraction of bundles of animal skin fibers from skin or leather residues under the mechanical action of a liquid defibrator rotor and hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, during the rotation of the rotor of a liquid defibrator, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather residues, causing friction and other forces that occur between the skin or leather residues and the rotor. On the other hand, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-velocity turbulent region is formed around the rotor, resulting in different fluid flow rates in each region, so that the skin or leather residue rubs against each other, resulting in the removal of the skin fiber bundle.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed complex helix of procollagen, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other. This is the collagen helix, which is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include the Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, histidine-aldol cross-link, etc. In the case of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, nano-branches are due to an increase in the number of surface atoms, insufficient coordination of atoms and high surface energy, as a result of which these surface atoms are highly active, extremely unstable and easily combine with other atoms. Due to the covalent cross-links between the chains, when the animal skin fibers with nanoarms are intertwined during the twisting process to form a skin layer, the nanoarms are easily connected to the backbone of the animal skin fiber and its branches and other nanoarms.

At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the base of the animal's skin fibers.

The base of the animal skin fibers provides greater mechanical strength to the bundle of animal skin fibers. The animal skin fiber backbone and nano-branch are easily intertwined with each other, thereby improving mechanical properties such as yarn strength.

The first technical solution of the above fourth problem is an article made of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-arms, containing a bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-arms.

In addition, it also includes other textile fibers besides nano-branches animal skin fiber bundles.

The second technical solution of the above fourth problem is a product made from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, containing yarn from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches.

The third technical solution of the above fourth problem is a product made from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, containing reinforced yarn from animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-branches.

Fig. 2 is an electron microscope photograph of an animal skin fiber bundle before combing.

Fig. 3 is an electron microscope image of a bundle of animal skin fibers with nanobranching after combing.

Fig. 4 is a second electron microscope image of a bundle of nanobranched animal skin fibers.

Fig. 5 is the third image of a bundle of nanobranched animal skin fibers taken with an electron microscope.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an animal skin fiber bundle yarn with nanoarms.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an animal skin fiber tuft reinforcement yarn with nanoarms.

Fig. 8 is an electron microscope photograph of a reinforced animal skin fiber bundle yarn with nano-branching peeling from a core yarn.

- 6 042458

Detailed description

The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Implementation option 1.

As shown in FIG. 1-5, the bundle of nano-branched animal skin fibers comprises an animal skin fiber backbone 100. The animal skin fiber backbone is a spun animal skin fiber backbone; based on animal skin fibers, there are branches 101 and nano-branches 102.

Nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less.

Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable fiber bundles formed by various processes such as liquid defibration, loosening and carding. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the process of collagen fiber formation, nanobranches exist independently and separately and are attached to the base of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from the morphological structure of primary fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in the amount per unit length. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the specific surface area of nano-branches is much higher, which leads to the fact that, in addition to their usual characteristics, animal skin fiber bundles have a new function, namely, high adsorption capacity, which is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nano-branches. attached to the basis of animal skin fibers, and bundles of animal skin fibers are formed by amino acid sequences to form peptide chains, and then collagen molecules are formed from the peptide chains. This specific component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle. As a result, the ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation becomes much higher. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials.

Fluid defibration is the extraction of animal skin fiber bundles from leather or leather trimmings under the mechanical action of a fluid defibrator rotor and hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, when the rotor of a liquid defibrator rotates, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather trims to create friction and other forces between the skin or leather trims and the rotor, on the other hand, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-speed turbulent region is formed around the rotor, resulting in different fluid flow rates in each region, so the leather or leather trimmings rub against each other, resulting in the extraction of leather fiber bundles.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, prior to combing, the animal skin fibers generally had a coarser fiber bundle structure after liquid defibration and loosening, as shown in FIG. 3-5, while combing produced nano-branches of animal skin fibers as seen in electron microscope images with 195.3 nm nano-branches in FIG. 3, the 139.6 nm nanobranches in FIG. 4 and nanobranches 117.7 nm.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed procollagen complex helix, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other, which is the collagen helix, and the collagen helix is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, histidine-aldol cross-link. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms, the nano-arms are highly reactive and highly unstable due to the large number of surface atoms, insufficient atomic coordination, and high surface energy, which makes said surface atoms highly reactive and makes them easily combine with other atoms. Due to the covalent cross-links between the chains, the nanobranches are easily connected to animal skin fibers and other nanobranches. At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the base of the animal skin fibers, and the base of the animal skin fibers provides the animal skin fiber bundles with greater mechanical strength. Interlacing easily occurs between the animal skin fiber backbone, between the nanoarms, and between the animal skin fiber backbone and the nanoarms, thereby improving mechanical properties such as strength of the animal skin fiber bundles.

Implementation option 2.

As shown in FIG. 6, the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle yarn is the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the bundle of animal skin fibers 3 with nano-arms contains a base of animal skin fibers 100, and the base

- 7 042458 animal skin fibers is a spun basis of animal skin fibers. The body of animal skin fibers 100 has branches 101 and nano-arms 102, and the body of animal skin fibers 100, branches 101 and nano-arms 102 are intertwined and twisted with each other into longitudinal ordered structures. Nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less. Other textile fibers can be added to the nano-arm animal skin fiber yarn in addition to the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles.

Animal skin fiber bundle yarn with nano-arms is produced by twisting animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms, so that the animal skin fiber base, branches and nano-arms are intertwined and arranged in the longitudinal direction. Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable fiber bundles formed by various processes such as liquid defibration, loosening and carding. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the formation of collagen fibers, nano-branches exist independently and separately and are attached to the basis of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in shape and structure. In the case of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, the specific surface area of nano-branches is much higher, which leads to the fact that, along with their usual characteristics, animal skin fibers have a new function, namely, high adsorption capacity, which is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nano-branches, attached to the basis of animal skin fibers. An animal skin fiber bundle is formed by an amino acid sequence to form a peptide chain, and then collagen molecules are formed from the peptide chain. This particular component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle and hence a higher ultraviolet light absorption capacity. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials.

Fluid defibration is the extraction of animal skin fiber bundles from leather or leather trimmings under the mechanical action of a fluid defibrator rotor and hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, during the rotation of the rotor of a liquid defibrator, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather trims to create friction and other forces between the skin or leather trims and the rotor. On the other hand, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-velocity turbulent region is formed around the rotor, resulting in different fluid flow rates in each region, so that the leather or leather trimmings rub against each other, which causes the leather fiber bundles to be extracted.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed procollagen complex helix, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other, which is a collagen helix, and this collagen helix is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include the Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, and histidine-aldol cross-link. In the case of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms, the nano-arms are highly reactive and extremely unstable due to the large number of surface atoms, insufficient atomic coordination, and high surface energy, which makes these surface atoms highly reactive and makes it easy to combine with other atoms. Due to covalent cross-links between the chains, when animal skin fibers with nanoarms are intertwined with each other during the twisting process, the nanoarms are easily connected to the backbone of the animal skin fibers, its branches and other nanoarms. At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the animal skin fiber base, and the animal skin fiber base gives the animal skin fiber bundles greater mechanical strength. Interlacing easily occurs between the animal skin fiber backbone, between the nanoarms, and between the animal skin fiber backbone and the nanoarms, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the yarn, such as strength.

Implementation option 3.

As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the nano-armed animal skin fiber bundle core yarn comprises a core yarn 21, and the core yarn 21 is covered with a skin layer formed by twisting the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the nano-branched animal skin fiber bundle comprises an animal skin fiber backbone 100, and the animal skin fiber backbone 100 is a spun animal skin fiber backbone. The animal skin fiber base has branches 101 and nano-arms 102, and the animal skin fiber base 100, branches 101 and nano-arms 102 are intertwined and twisted with each other into longitudinal ordered structures. In this embodiment, the core yarn may be

- 8 042458 elastic core yarn, and thus produced core yarn has elasticity. Nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less. In addition to bundles of animal skin fibers with nanobranching, other textile fibers can be added to the skin layer.

Core yarn of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms is formed by twisting animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to form a skin layer, so that the base of animal skin fibers, branches and nano-arms are intertwined and arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the skin layer is wrapped around the core yarn. When combing the animal skin fiber bundle with nano-arms of the present invention, the better the combing, the better the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundle is split, the more branches and nano-arms, and the thinner the basis of animal skin fibers, the thinner the branches. Although the length of the bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-arms becomes shorter after combing, due to the creation of more branches, in the process of twisting spinning, the bundles of animal skin fibers and their nano-arms and the adjacent bundles of animal skin fibers and their nano-arms intertwine and twist to form a net structure; the more branches and nano-branches, the more complex the network structure. The greater the specific surface area of the animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the greater the friction between them and the greater the cohesive strength, which increases the tensile and abrasion strength of the skin itself, so that for the same amount of yarn, the more animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branches, the more weave points, the better the core of the yarn and the higher its quality and characteristics, as well as the fuller application of the natural and unique structural characteristics of the animal skin fiber bundle with nano-branches. When the core yarn is used, its tensile strength does not change even if the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles are carded into shorter nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles. Thus, the present invention solves the problem that according to the existing technology of directly extracting animal skin fiber tufts from leather for spinning cannot achieve the basic tensile strength, and solves the problem that it is extremely difficult or impossible to process high-grade yarn . Nano-branch animal skin fiber bundles are spinnable fiber bundles formed by various processes such as liquid defibration, loosening and carding. Unlike protofibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils involved in the process of collagen fiber formation, nanobranches exist independently and separately and are attached to the base of animal skin fibers, which obviously differs from the morphological structure of primary fibrils, subfibrils, and fibrils in the amount per unit length. In the case of an animal skin fiber bundle with nanoarms, the specific surface area of the nanoarm is much higher, which leads to the fact that, in addition to their usual characteristics, the fiber bundles have a new function, namely, high adsorption capacity, which is achieved through the formation of independent and separate nanoarms attached to the basis of animal skin fibers. An animal skin fiber bundle is formed by an amino acid sequence to form a peptide chain, and then collagen molecules are formed from the peptide chain. This particular component in the animal skin fiber bundle results in a blue shift in the optical properties of the animal skin fiber bundle and hence a higher absorbance of ultraviolet light. Due to the improved ability of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms to absorb UV rays, it was found through testing and comparison that they have a strong antibacterial effect, and the sterilization rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the antibacterial effect of existing fibrous materials.

Fluid defibration is the extraction of animal skin fiber bundles from leather or leather trimmings under the mechanical action of a fluid defibrator rotor and hydraulic shear caused by the rotation of the rotor. In particular, when the rotor of a liquid defibrator rotates, on the one hand, the blades on the rotor interact with the skin or leather trims to create friction and other forces between the skin or leather trims and the rotor, on the other hand, due to the strong vortex flow generated by the rotor, a high-speed turbulent area is formed around the rotor, resulting in different fluid flow rates in each area, so the leather or leather trimmings rub against each other, and finally the leather fiber bundles are extracted.

In addition, the collagen molecule is a right-handed procollagen complex helix, consisting of three left-handed α-chains intertwined with each other, which is a collagen helix, and this collagen helix is the secondary structure of collagen. The high stability of the secondary structure of collagen is mainly due to interchain hydrogen bonds and intramolecular and intermolecular covalent cross-links. To date, the first confirmed cross-linked structures include the Schiff base cross-link, β-aldol cross-link, and histidine-aldol cross-link. In the case of bundles of animal skin fibers with nanoarms, the nanoarms have a high

- 9 042458 high reactivity and extremely unstable due to the large number of surface atoms, insufficient coordination of atoms and high surface energy, which makes these surface atoms highly reactive and makes it easy to combine with other atoms. Due to the covalent cross-links between the chains, when the animal skin fibers with nanoarms are intertwined with each other during the twisting process, forming a skin layer, the nanoarms are easily connected to the backbone of the animal skin fibers and its branches and other nanoarms. At the same time, the nano-branches are attached to the base of the animal skin fibers, and the base of the animal skin fibers provides the animal skin fiber bundles with greater mechanical strength. Weaves are easily formed between the animal skin fiber backbone, between the nanoarms, and between the animal skin fiber backbone and the nanoarms, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the yarn, such as strength.

Implementation option 4.

Animal skin fiber bundle product with nanoarms is made from animal skin fiber bundles with nanoarms as described in Embodiment 1.

Implementation option 5.

An animal skin fiber tuft product with nano-arms is made from a nano-arm animal skin fiber tuft yarn as described in Embodiment 2.

Implementation option 6.

An animal skin fiber bundle product with nano-arms is made from a yarn with a core of nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles as described in Embodiment 3.

The above items may include clothes, hats, shoes, socks, gloves and other items of clothing, as well as bedding, decorative materials, etc.

The following is a report of the inhibition test No. 19F02538 by Guangdong Guangfang Testing and Measuring Technology Co., Ltd. by order of the applicant on April 8, 2019, which was issued on April 18, 2019, anti-counterfeiting code: VBTU-IN1L-S8, anti-counterfeiting report Request URL: report.gztzs.com. The content of the report is given below.

Objects of verification and research methods Measurement result Standard values and tolerances for a first-class product Antibacterial effect -GB/T 20944.3-2008 (Vibration method) Bacteria Inhibition Rate: Staphylococcus aureus 96% coli 97% candida white 95% (Sample has antibacterial effect) Staphylococcus aureus > 70% coli > 70% Candida white > 60% Test results and conclusions Check object Basis of planning Conclusion Antibacterial effect FZ/T 73023-2006 Corresponds

It can be seen from the test report that a very strong antibacterial effect is observed for bundles of animal skin fibers and nano-branched yarns.

Claims (13)

1. Bundle of animal skin fibers with nano-arms, containing the base of animal skin fibers, where the base of the animal skin fibers contains nano-arms and where the nano-arms are nano-arms with a diameter of 200 nm or less. 2. An animal skin fiber bundle with nano-arms according to claim 1, wherein the animal skin fiber backbone is a spinnable animal skin fiber backbone. 3. Yarn from bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, which contains bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, where bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches contain the basis of animal skin fibers, and the basis of animal skin fibers has branches and nano-branches and the basis of animal skin fibers, branches and the nanoarms are intertwined and twisted with each other in longitudinal ordered structures, and where the nanoarms are nanoarms with a diameter of 200 nm or less. 4. Animal skin fiber bundle yarn with nano-branching according to claim 3, wherein the animal skin fiber backbone is a spun animal skin fiber backbone. 5. The nano-arm animal skin fiber yarn of claim 3, which further comprises a blend of textile fibers other than the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles. 6. Yarn with a core of bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, containing a yarn with a core, where the core yarn is covered with a skin layer formed by twisting bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches, where bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branches contain the basis of animal skin fibers, and the warp animal skin fibers has branches and nano-branches and a backbone of animal skin fibers, the branches and nano-branches are intertwined and twisted with each other into longitudinal ordered structures, and where the nano-branches are nano-branches with a diameter of 200 nm or less. 7. Animal skin fiber bundle core yarn with nano-arms according to claim 6, wherein the animal skin fiber backbone is a spun animal skin fiber backbone. 8. The nano-armed animal skin fiber core yarn of claim 6, wherein the skin layer further comprises a mixture of textile fibers other than the nano-arm animal skin fiber bundles. 9. The nano-branch animal skin fiber core yarn according to claim 6, wherein said cored yarn is an elastic core yarn. 10. An article containing bundles of nano-branched animal skin fibers according to any one of claims 1 or 2. 11. An article according to claim 10, which further comprises textile fibers other than animal skin fiber bundles with nano-arms. 12. An article containing a yarn from bundles of animal skin fibers with nano-branching according to any one of claims 3-5. 13. An article containing yarn with a core of animal skin fiber bundles with nano-branching according to any one of claims 6-9.