EA039857B1 - Method for waste-free disposal of cattle manure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to green technologies for processing animal waste and can be used for waste-free disposal of cattle manure from dairy farms, in particular, to obtain disinfected bedding material and biosubstrate to grow organic crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, flax, rapeseed and others) that meet European standards for organic farming. The technical result is an integrated approach to the waste-free disposal of cattle manure, in order to obtain disinfected bedding and biosubstrate through processing in a bioreactor and a pit, with further application of the biosubstrate on the fields through a hose system. This is achieved as follows: in the method of a waste-free disposal of cattle manure, including the processing of biological waste using strains of microorganisms, according to the invention, dairy farm waste enters the block of liquid fraction of the pre-pit in the form of a sealed tank with a partition, then the liquid fraction is pumped into a bioreactor where a disinfected bedding for the dairy farm and a clarified fraction are obtained, it gets to the pits with the addition of a biological product in the form of a consortium of bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus casei 12/2CB RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collinus PI Ac-RKM 0845 in the amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction, and they are mixed at a temperature of 20-30C using a mixer, then the biosubstrate is fed to organic fields by means of a diesel station and a hose system in the form of a main hose consisting of a soft lay-flat hose and a towed hose; the sealed tanks of the pre-pit and pit are made of geomembrane, geotextile and sub-base.

Description

The invention relates to green technologies for processing animal waste and can be used for waste-free disposal of cattle (cattle) manure of dairy farms (MTF) and can be used to obtain disinfected bedding material and biosubstrate for growing organic crops (wheat, lentils, peas, chickpeas, flax, rapeseed and others) that meet European standards for organic farming.

The intensification of agriculture, which has recently been taking place all over the world, has a negative impact not only on the environment, but also depletes natural resources, without which the conduct of agro-industrial production requires significant material costs. Organic agriculture has environmental benefits in that it conserves natural resources while reducing carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane emissions that contribute to global warming. Organic farming also has significant benefits for human health. First, it reduces the risk of health loss for agricultural workers, who are most sensitive to the effects of pesticides and other chemicals used in intensive agricultural production. Secondly, organic products are more beneficial for consumers due to the minimization of the health impact of toxic and persistent chemicals, increased content of nutrients, minerals and vitamins.

One of the modern world trends - organic agriculture is actively gaining momentum all over the world. Over the past 16 years, its area has quadrupled, more than 2 million certified organic producers, more than three-quarters of which are in developing countries. Currently, about 1% of the world's agricultural land area is involved in organic production.

Kazakhstan has high potential for the agricultural sector in the production of organic products. An analysis of the ecological state of land shows that at least 50% of arable land and 70% of pastures are not contaminated by the impact of industrial and mining and agro-industrial complexes on the soil with radionuclides and, by natural signs, are suitable for the production of environmentally friendly products.

A known method of accelerated composting for fast, efficient processing of organic waste into high-quality organic fertilizer. The biological product consists of effective strains of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium Erwinia and is used for fast, efficient processing of organic waste into high-quality organic fertilizer; for flushing sewage, spraying equipment and premises for the stall keeping of farm animals and poultry; treatment of sewage collection tanks for the purpose of disinfection by colonization of putrefactive, pyogenic and pathogenic microflora with antagonist microbes; to reduce the concentration of ammonia and other harmful unpleasant fumes in the air. To prepare compost, one part of the drug was diluted in 100 parts of settled non-chlorinated water and a mixture of three different types of organic matter was moistened with the resulting solution in layers: cut weeds, kitchen waste and cattle manure at the rate of 5-7 l of solution per 1 m ^{2 of} organic matter with a layer of 20 cm. The compost heap was tightly covered with plastic wrap to restrict air access. At an air temperature of +20-25°C, fully fermented compost was obtained in 45-60 days. A working solution of 1:250 (0.4% solution) was prepared from the preparation in settled non-chlorinated water. The solution was sprayed on the pig farm in an amount of 100-200 ml per square meter of surface (floors, walls, ceilings, drainage ditches, equipment) every 3-4 days using a sprayer with a powerful nozzle. Unpleasant odors disappeared slowly (RU 2347808 C1, February 27, 2009).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the obtained active organic fertilizer pollutes the environment due to the lack of practical recommendations on the conditions for composting manure, the optimal doses of its introduction into the soil, taking into account the types of manure and used fillers, soil composition, topography, climatic conditions, environmental conditions , economic criteria.

There is a known method for the production of active organic fertilizer from waste products, which consists in removing mechanical impurities, supplying, moving, as well as simultaneous mixing and homogenization, and the flow of waste products is directed tangentially for mixing and homogenization, creating a rotating vortex medium, and a homogenized a suspension with a density of 1.26-1.3 g / cm ³ , they act on it with an energy-saturated, electromagnetic rotating field with magnetic domains, which carry out the dispersion of waste products with the destruction of chemical and biological structures at the molecular level, thereby obtaining a sterile emulsion, which is then separated into fractions, while the organic fraction with a moisture content of 85-87% is separated into an independent nutrient medium and additives are introduced into it in the form of strains of soil-forming microorganisms. The complex for the production of active organic fertilizer from waste products includes a plant for cleaning waste products, a plant for simultaneous mixing and homogenization, means for supplying and moving masses, and it is additionally equipped with a process activation unit with magnetic domains, a fraction separation unit, a mixer and an additive dispenser (RU 2546168 C1 , published on April 10, 2015).

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The disadvantage of this analogue is that the obtained active organic fertilizer pollutes the environment due to the lack of practical recommendations on the conditions for composting manure, the optimal doses of its introduction into the soil, taking into account the types of manure and used fillers, soil composition, topography, climatic conditions, environmental conditions , economic criteria.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for waste-free utilization of cattle manure for application to fields using green technologies and obtaining organic products (wheat, flax, lentils, etc.).

The technical result is an integrated approach to the waste-free disposal of cattle manure, obtaining disinfected bedding and biosubstrate through processing in a bioreactor and lagoon, with further application of the biosubstrate to the fields through a hose system.

This is achieved by the fact that the method of waste-free utilization of cattle manure, including the processing of biological waste using strains of microorganisms, according to the invention, the dairy farm waste enters the block of the liquid fraction of the prelagoon in the form of a sealed tank with a partition, then the liquid fraction is pumped through the pump into a bioreactor where a disinfected bedding for a dairy farm and a clarified fraction are obtained, then into the lagoons with the addition of a biological product in the form of a consortium of bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae 74 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus casei 12/2CB RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collinus PI Ac-RKM 0845 in an amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction and mix them at a temperature of 20-30 ° C using a mixer, then the biosubstrate is fed to organic fields by means of a diesel station and a hose system in the form of a main hose from soft flat-folded hose and a towed hose. sealed cut the reservoir of the prelagoon and lagoon are made of geomembrane, geotextile and underlying layer.

In FIG. 1 shows a visual diagram of the operation of the claimed method of waste-free disposal of cattle manure;

in fig. 2 - a visual diagram of the connection of the elements of the hose system.

The invention is carried out as follows.

The process of utilization of cattle manure is designed in such a way that the manure obtained from the MTF enters the prelagoon. Then the manure is pumped into the bioreactor, where it is separated into a clarified liquid fraction and high-quality disinfected bedding for cattle. Subsequently, the clarified liquid fraction is pumped into the lagoons, where a biological product is added by means of lagoon equipment to obtain a biosubstrate based on the clarified liquid. Further, by means of a hose system, the biosubstrate is pumped and distributed to organic fields.

As part of the above described process of utilization of cattle manure to obtain a biosubstrate, a technology for the utilization of cattle manure with MTF using biological preparations and high-tech equipment was introduced:

bioreactor - designed to separate cattle manure into a liquid solid fraction and obtain high-quality disinfected bedding for cattle, which contributes to the health of the cow, eliminates injuries and hypothermia, increases milk yield, and there is no need to purchase sawdust, straw, sand as bedding;

equipment for lagoons - designed to store the liquid clarified fraction, add a biological product and obtain a biosubstrate;

hose system - designed for high performance pumping and distribution of biosubstrate to organic fields. Minimum labor and fuel costs, pumping range up to 10 km.

The litter bioreactor is equipped with a body made of chemically and heat-resistant steel with thermal insulation, a screw, an electric motor, a temperature sensor, a level sensor, a steam outlet, a mixer, an air blower, a weight sensor, and a control panel. The processes of biodrying and biostabilization take place inside the bioreactor, the resulting heat is used to disinfect manure and evaporate water, the litter is at a temperature of 70°C during disinfection for at least 60 minutes, which ensures its pasteurization. Unlike known analogues, this bioreactor allows you to control the level of humidity, and the vertical design requires less space.

The bedding bioreactor provides up to 40 m ^{3 of} high-quality bedding for cattle per day, unloading of the bedding after its disinfection at a temperature of 65 ° C for at least one hour, guaranteed product moisture content of not more than 55%, and is equipped with intelligent control with feedback and the possibility of remote control .

Lagoon equipment includes sealed material with a service life of up to 50 years. This material withstands aggressive environments and prevents contamination of soil and groundwater with livestock farm waste. The material consists of geomembrane, geotextile and underlayment. The size of the lagoons is 100x40 m and the depth is 6 m.

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The biological product contains live microorganisms that are not pathogenic and safe for the environment:

lactic acid bacteria, yeast and streptomycetes, which are deposited and stored in the Republican collection of microorganisms of industrially valuable strains.

The more organic waste enters the soil, the more humus the beneficial microflora will produce.

Namely, the use of a biosubstrate based on a liquid clarified fraction and biological products will allow growing organic crops (wheat, flax, lentils, etc.) and obtaining environmentally friendly products.

Hose system. The liquid manure fraction after separation is pumped out of the lagoon (1) by a diesel pumping station (2) and fed to the field through the main line, assembled from soft flat hoses (3). On the field, a towable hose (4) is connected to the main hoses, the other end of which is attached to the applicator for applying to the soil (5). The introduction of runoff is carried out by a tractor moving across the field in a shuttle way. The supply and towed hoses are unfolded using drum hose transporters (6). To increase the length of the system, an additional (booster) pumping station (7) is used.

The hose system includes pump stations with a capacity of up to 400 m ³ or more, reliable flat-fold hoses, transporters for quick deployment and reeling of hoses, their transportation and storage.

Hose systems can work with liquid manure with a moisture content of 92% and higher. The main diesel pumping station provides enough pressure to overcome the friction force in the hose system, which can be up to 4 km long. The transport distance is limited by hydraulic pressure losses in the hoses. To maintain the required performance at a longer length, an additional (booster) diesel pumping station is installed. With one such station, the length of the hose system can reach 8 km. When installing several additional stations, the length of the system increases proportionally.

The main diesel pumping station is installed next to the lagoon, pumping out manure and feeding it to the hose line. The main pumping station includes: a diesel engine, a pump that supplies wastewater from the lagoon to a hose system; vacuum system for primary filling of the cavity of the main pump and hoses; fuel tank; a set of flanges, fittings, bends, valves, connections, fasteners; purge fittings; suction hose holder; etc.

The use of the claimed invention has a multiplicative effect and solves the MTF industry problem for the disposal of cattle manure:

recycling ITF waste reduces the negative impact of greenhouse gases on soil, air and groundwater;

diversifies agricultural production at the farm level and makes it more resilient to external economic shocks;

increases the sustainable production of high-quality competitive agricultural products and food, both in the domestic and foreign markets;

increase export potential;

obtaining an organic biosubstrate to be used for organic farming and non-waste bedding material, which will help prevent mastitis in cows, and therefore increase the yield of high-quality milk;

using this technology, organic products will be obtained, without the use of mineral fertilizers.

Animal health plays a crucial role in dairy farming. Feeding and quality bedding are especially important. The cow willingly and a lot lies in the stalls when she is comfortable. The opinion of experts is unanimous: when cows lie down, 50% more blood circulates in the udder. To obtain 1 kg of milk, blood circulation in the udder in a volume of about 500 liters is necessary. Therefore, the level of milk yield directly depends on the convenience of the animals.

The use of recycled manure bedding eliminates the cost of harvesting, transporting and disposing of straw, sand or sawdust;

creation of conditions for animals that provide convenience, environmental safety and safety of the udder;

improvement of sanitary conditions for the rest of cows;

reducing the number of insects in the room.

The use of a bioreactor ensures the quality of the final product, confirmed by laboratory tests and certificates;

short payback period due to cost reduction compared to other solutions (straw, etc.);

minimum transportation costs to any region - all equipment in one twenty-foot container;

- 3 039857 does not require additional storage, as production is carried out daily;

easy to operate and does not require a highly skilled operator due to the high degree of automation.

Claims (1)

A method for the waste-free disposal of cattle manure, including the processing of biological waste using strains of microorganisms, characterized in that the dairy farm waste enters the liquid fraction of the prelagoon in the form of a sealed tank with a partition, then the liquid fraction is pumped through a pump into the bioreactor, where a disinfected litter is obtained for a dairy farm and a clarified fraction, then into the lagoons with the addition of a biological product in the form of a consortium of bacterial strains of microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z4 Y-RKM 0843, Lactobacillus casei 12 / 2CB RKM 0844 and Streptomyces collinus Pl Ac-RKM 0845 in the amount of 5-15% of the total weight of the liquid fraction and mix them at a temperature of 20-30°C using a mixer, then the biosubstrate is fed to the organic fields by means of a diesel station and a hose system in the form of a main hose from a soft flat-folded hose and a towed hose to organic fields, and the sealed reservoirs of the prelagoon and lagoons They are made of geomembrane, geotextile and underlayment.