EA038584B1 - Anti-erosion grain-scrap-grass seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to implements for basic soil tillage and subsurface mineral fertilization. The problem solved by this invention is the reduction of energy content required for the execution of the production process and specific quantity of metal per structure. The set objective is achieved using a soil tilling implement, including a frame, support wheels, with chisel cultivators fixed on the frame, wherein the wedge-shaped shim fixed in the inclined part of the chisel cultivator, on its front surface, has an area of the face oriented downwards that is 2.2-2.5 times less than the area of the wedge-shaped shim face oriented upwards, and the rectangular mineral fertilizer diffuser is made flush with the side inclined surface oriented upwards of the chisel cultivator inclined part, and relatively to the downward-oriented inclined side surface of the chisel cultivator inclined part, the lower outer side inclined surface of the rectangular mineral fertilizer diffuser is made offset by 2-3 mm to the upward-oriented inclined side surface of the chisel cultivator inclined part.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to erosion control seeders and combined units for sowing grass and grain seeds in sod and stubble.

Known meadow unit APL-1.5, containing a cutter connected in series on the frame, a fertilizer bunker, a bunker for large and a bunker for small grass seeds with seeding devices, seed pipes, keeled openers, a roller and support wheels (Karpenko A.N. et al. Agricultural machines. - 6th ed., Revised and supplemented - M: Agropromizdat, 1989. - S. 487-490).

The disadvantage of this device is its high energy and metal consumption, since the unit is created by combining several single-operation machines. In addition, the disadvantage is also a large consumption and lack of localization in the distribution of the starting dose of fertilizers in the treated soil layer, since they are applied to the soil surface in front of the cutter and are distributed by it throughout the entire thickness of the treated layer.

Known roller for soil cultivation (RF patent No. 1113007 A, IPC А01В 29/04, Bul. No. 34, 15.09.1984) including an axis with freely mounted rings on its rings, and each ring is made in the form of a truncated ellipsoid of revolution, and the diameter of the rings is made gradually decreasing from the middle of the roller to its ends.

Known combined machine for soil cultivation and sowing, including a milling section, covered with a protective cover. The casing has an articulated suspension in the front part to the carrying part of the machine, and at the rear part it is connected through leashes to the packer roller. The pipeline leaving the fertilizer dispenser is brought out in front of the milling section and is fixed in the center of the casing. The sowing device is connected by a seed tube to the seed distributor. The valve is mounted at the rear of the housing by means of a hinge and an adjusting plate. In the adjusting plate, grooves are made for changing the position of the distributor in height relative to the casing and adjusting, thereby the depth of planting seeds (ed. Of St. USSR 1658848, class A01B 49/06, Fanfaroni Yu.F. et al. (USSR) .- 3 with: ill.).

The disadvantage of this device is the high consumption and lack of localization in the distribution of the starting dose of fertilizers, since fertilizers are applied to the soil surface in front of the cutter and are distributed by it during operation throughout the entire thickness of the cultivated soil layer.

The closest technical solution is a combined sod seeder, containing a working body located on the frame for cutting the sod, fertilizer and seed boxes with seeding devices, fertilizer and seed pipes, a roller, a coulter with fertilizer and seed pipes, installed with the possibility of axial movement relative to the frame along holes of the adjusting plate, while the press roller and the opener are spring-loaded relative to the frame (RF patent No. 2204890, IPC А01В 49/06, А01В 49/04, А01С 7/20, bull. No. 15, 27.05.2003). This shape of the roller ensures uniform distribution in the soil along the width of the roller and depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil (ultimate strength, shear modulus and coefficient of friction).

The disadvantage of this combined sod sod seeder is that it does not ensure compliance with the embedding of fertilizers and seeds at different depths, since the soil deformation zones in the sowing zone intersect and the fertilizers and seeds mix with each other, and due to their proximity, the fertilizers have a depressing effect on the seeds. impact, while the anti-erosion protection of the soil is carried out at an insufficient level.

The problem that the invention solves is to ensure the agrotechnical requirements for the incorporation of fertilizers and seeds at different depths separately from each other, as well as the implementation of additional anti-erosion protection of the soil.

The problem is solved with the help of a grain-and-grass anti-erosion seeder containing a frame on which a seed box is located, including a seed hopper and a fertilizer hopper, a seed metering device, a petal agitator, a fertilizer metering device, a seed pipe, a fertilizer pipe; working body - a crevice opener with a stand and a chisel attached to it at the bottom in front of the seeder, as well as a press roller with an adjustable pressure spring located behind the stand in the direction of the seeder movement, where the stand of the crevice opener is on the rear right in the direction of the seeder at an adjustable height has a knife attached to it to the horizon with the front cutting edge down at a smaller angle of friction of steel against the soil at an angle perpendicular to the side surface of the rack, and on the seed tube attached to it on the rear surface of the rack from below under its hole, the upper visor, the upper the plane of which is parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder, is located with its opposite to the place of its attachment to the seed tube, the lower part behind and under the knife and forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane that is greater than the angle of friction of seeds on its upper steel surface, and its rear h a lower visor under the pipeline, forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane greater than the angle of friction of the fertilizer on its upper steel surface, and the press roller includes an axle fixed on a fork with loosely mounted on it by means of bushings and close to each other with the possibility of rotation on the axle and relative to each other, left and right, counting in the direction of movement of the unit, rings, while the left ring of the roller is made with its outer support surface in the form of its smaller diameter truncated symmetrically longitudinal vertical plane, which coincides with the direction of movement of the unit, of the ellipsoid of rotation, and the right ring of the roller is made with its outer supporting surface in the form of a lateral surface of rotation of a straight circular cylinder, and the right ring has an outer diameter equal to the smallest diameter of the left ring, and the width of the right ring is 1.5-2 times larger than the left ring, while the width of the left rings equal to 1.2-1.4 width The bits and their longitudinal planes of symmetry coincide.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a grain-and-grass anti-erosion seeder;

in fig. 2 - working body - slot opener;

in fig. 3 - section a-a in Fig. 2;

in fig. 4 - section b-b in fig. 2;

in fig. 5 is a section D-D in FIG. 1.

The grain-and-grass anti-erosion seeder contains a frame 1, on which a seven-fruit box is located, including a seed hopper 2 and a fertilizer hopper 3, a sowing device for seeds 4, a petal agitator 6, a sowing device for fertilizers 5, a seed pipe 7, a fertilizer pipe 8; the working body is a crevice opener with a rack 9 and a chisel 10 fixed to it at the bottom of the front along the direction of movement of the seeder with its edge sharpened in front at an angle of 60 °, as well as a press roller located behind the rack in the direction of movement of the seeder, the pressure on the soil of which is regulated by a spring 14.

The stand 9 of the opener-slotter (Fig. 2) at the rear on the right in the direction of the seeder's movement at an adjustable height has a knife 12 fixed to it to the horizon with the front cutting edge down at a lower angle of friction of steel against the soil at an angle of 30 ° perpendicular to the side surface of the stand 9 knife 12, and on the fixed behind it, on the rear surface of the rack 9, the seed tube 7 from below under its hole is fixed with the opposite to the knife 12 of the extreme side of the surface of the seed tube 7, the upper visor 11, the upper plane of which is parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder, is located opposite to the place of attachment to the seed tube 7 with the lower part behind and under the knife 12 and forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane, which is greater than the angle of friction of the seeds on its upper steel surface. The lower visor 15, located with its rear part under the pipeline 8, is fixed to the post 9 at the rear at the bottom, which forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane, greater than the angle of friction of the fat on its upper steel surface.

The press roller includes an axle 16 fixed on a fork 13 with freely mounted on it by means of bushings 19 and 20 close to each other with the possibility of rotation on axles 16 and relative to each other left 17 and right 18, counting in the direction of movement of the unit, rings, in this case, the left 17 ring of the roller is made with its outer supporting surface in the form of a truncated symmetrically longitudinal vertical plane, which coincides with the direction of movement of the unit, of the ellipsoid of rotation 21 (shown in Fig. 5 by a dash-dotted line), and the right 18 ring of the roller is made of its own an external support surface in the form of a lateral surface of rotation of a straight circular cylinder, and the right 18 ring has an outer diameter equal to the smallest diameter of the left 17 ring, and the width of the right ring 18 is 1.5-2 times greater than the left 17 ring, while the width of the left 17 ring is equal to 1.2-1.4 of the width of the bit 10 and their longitudinal planes of symmetry coincide.

The drive (not shown in the figure) of the petal agitator 6 is carried out from the packer roller.

Grain-and-grass anti-erosion seeder works as follows.

Receiving a rotational movement from the press rollers, the petal agitator 6 maintains the seed material in an excited state and directs it from the seed hopper 2 to the sowing device for seeds 4, which is adapted for both low-flowing and high-flowing seeds, and then the seeds are fed through the seed pipe 7 to top visor 11.

The slot opener 9 cuts a vertical slit in the turf up to 2 cm wide, and the knife 12 - a horizontal slit on the right, counting along the movement of the unit, the side wall of the vertical slit, and the seeds, rolling from the upper visor 11, are located in this horizontal slit at a depth up to 46 cm.At the same time, mineral fertilizers from the fertilizer hopper 3 by means of the fertilizer seeder 5 through the feed line 8 are supplied to the lower visor 15, evenly scattered into the track of the chisel 10 of the opener-slotter 9, and are located at a depth of 8-12 cm to the left of seed to the side, counting in the direction of travel of the machine. The opener-slotter 9 is followed by the press roller, which pinches the gap formed.

The slots formed by the opener-slotter 9 contribute to loosening the stagnant and compacted soil layer of the forage land, increase the air and moisture circulation between the horizons and contribute to the accumulation of moisture in the spring-autumn, rainy period and the rise of moisture from the lower moisture-bearing horizons to the root system of the plant in the dry summer period ... The location of seeds above and to the right of the fertilizer horizon excludes their suppression by chemical reactions and contributes to the gradual replenishment of the plant root system, and the lower, closer to the moist horizon, the location of fertilizers - their better dissolution and migration in the soil environment.

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Pinching the slots with special press rollers excludes evaporation of moisture through the slots, the withdrawal of the land from the feed turnover, possible injuries to livestock during grazing and obstructing the passage of subsequent machines of the implement. At the same time, the left 17 ring of the roller, evenly compacting the soil above the fertilizers, additionally forms an anti-erosion groove in the soil, which significantly reduces the effect of wind and water erosion on the soil, preserving its fertility, and the right 18 ring evens out the soil with its cylindrical surface without overcompaction (ensuring This is the rapid growth of seeds and an easy supply of moisture to them) compared to the left 17th ring (where it is important to compact the soil over the fat, which contributes to their preservation and use for their intended purpose).

Re-improvement of the forage area should be done in a perpendicular direction.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A grain-and-grass anti-erosion seeder containing a frame on which a seven-fork box is located, including a seed hopper and a fertilizer hopper, a seed metering device, a petal agitator, a fertilizer metering device, a seed pipe, a fertilizer pipe; working body - a coulter-cracker with a stand and a chisel attached to it at the bottom in front of the seeder, as well as a press roller with an adjustable pressure spring located behind the stand in the direction of the seeder's movement, height has a knife, fixed to the horizon with the front cutting edge down at an angle smaller than the angle of friction of steel against the soil, perpendicular to the side surface of the rack, and on the seed tube attached to the knife on the back surface of the rack from below under its hole, the upper visor is fixed to the opposite knife edge of the surface of the seed tube , the upper plane of which is parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder and is located with its opposite to the place of its attachment to the seed tube with the lower part behind and under the knife, and also forming an acute angle with the horizontal plane, greater than the angle of friction of the seeds on its upper steel surface; a lower visor located with its rear part under the conduit, which forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane, greater than the angle of friction of the ferrules on its upper steel surface, is attached to the rack at the rear at the bottom; The pressurized roller includes an axle fixed on a fork with freely mounted on it by means of bushings and close to each other with the possibility of rotation on the axles and relative to each other left and right, counting in the direction of movement of the unit, rings, while the left ring of the roller is made of its own the outer support surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution truncated relative to its smaller diameter symmetrically to the longitudinal vertical plane coinciding with the direction of movement of the seeder, and the right ring of the roller is made with its outer support surface in the form of a lateral surface of rotation of a straight circular cylinder, and the right ring has an outer diameter equal to the smallest diameter of the left ring, and the width of the right ring is 1.5-2 times greater than the left ring, while the width of the left ring is equal to 1.2-1.4 of the bit width and their longitudinal planes of symmetry coincide.