EA038356B1 - Method to construct a large-panel building of improved survivability under extreme conditions via prevention of its progressive collapse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to buildings of increased safety. The technical result consists in increased survivability of large-panel buildings. The invention is realized through a dual-line connection of loops installed by stabilizing the panel; horizontally adjacent panels are fastened across the joint using steel loops embedded in both panels. Vertically adjacent panels are fastened using reinforced bars passed through the loops and reinforced bars passed through the tubes in the panel body. Reinforced bars of all first floor panels are fastened by connection elements with anchor base elements. Reinforced bars are installed into joints of floor panels along the horizontal seams of the whole floor of the building to the full joint length, all cavities are filled with concrete to transfer loads to the upper and adjacent vertical reinforced bars in order to prevent simultaneous destruction and overhanging of panels above the broken vertical connections after extreme forcing.

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to the field of prefabricated construction of residential, administrative and public buildings of increased safety from panel structures.

Prior art

In the methods used to increase the survivability of buildings, a method of laying out panel structures in buildings is used, characterized by the coincidence of the vertical seams of the panels along the height of the entire building.

In addition to the monotonous perception of panel buildings from such a solution, constructively it leads to a decrease in their strength during seismic effects on buildings, fires, explosions inside the building.

The effect of progressive destruction occurs, starting in the rupture of vertically located bonds in buildings.

This effect is especially noticeable during explosions and fires, when the whole entrance of the building collapses along the vertical.

There is a known method of increasing the survivability of a large-panel structure under extreme influences, including a base, prefabricated panels of transverse and longitudinal load-bearing walls, floor slabs resting on load-bearing walls, which consists in the fact that the assembly of a large-panel structure is carried out with prefabricated monolithic connections with means of stabilizing the structure in the form hinges emerging from the ends of the panels and reinforcement elements passing through the hinges, then the joints are monolithized with concrete mortar at the construction site (patent RU 2479702, IPC E04H 9/02, publ. 04/20/2013, bul.№11).

This technical solution has a set of features that is closest to the set of essential features of the invention, it has a purpose that coincides with the purpose of the invention, and is the closest in terms of the achieved result, therefore it is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is low safety under extreme impacts due to the possibility of progressive collapse of the large-panel structure.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is to increase the safety and survivability of a large-panel structure under extreme impacts by eliminating progressive collapse.

The proposed solution is aimed at enhancing the strength of the structure and increasing its reliability in the event of unforeseen impacts and natural disasters, including seismic loads due to the redistribution of the load in the building connections, working for progressive collapse.

Below are general and particular essential features that characterize the causal relationship of the claimed solution with the specified technical result based on the state of the art.

The method of increasing the survivability of a large-panel structure under extreme influences, including a base, prefabricated panels of transverse and longitudinal load-bearing walls, floor slabs resting on load-bearing walls, consists in the fact that the assembly of a large-panel structure is carried out with prefabricated monolithic connections with means of stabilizing the structure in the form of a two-line hinge connection from hinges emerging from the ends of the panels and reinforcement elements passing through the hinges. Then the joints are monolithic with concrete mortar at the construction site. On the base, anchor elements are fixed in the form of rods at the intersection of the axes of the structure under construction in accordance with the project. By means of reinforcing elements, two-module, single-module and end panels are mounted. These panels are formed into a single wall by the mentioned means of stabilizing the buildings. The stabilization means are made in the form of a combination of a two-line hinge joint, which fasten horizontally adjacent panels in the direction across the joint by means of at least two adjacent groups of embedded steel hinges of both panels placed in the cavity between them, and fasten the vertically adjacent panels by means of the indicated ties made in the form of reinforcing bars, passed through the said loops, and equipped at the ends with connecting elements for fastening to adjacent reinforcing bars. The single-line tubular-bar connection included in the combination of connections fasten vertically adjacent panels by means of a reinforcing bar equipped at the ends with connecting elements for fastening to adjacent reinforcing bars, passed through a tube installed in a vertical hole made in the body of the panel at a distance equal to half the distance L between the bars of the two-line connection at the ends of the panel. Reinforcing bars of all panels of the first floor are fastened with connecting elements with the mentioned anchor elements of the base, located at a distance of 0.5L from each other. Reinforcement is installed in the joints of the floor slabs for the entire length of the joint with the possibility of transferring the load to the upper and adjacent vertical reinforcing bars with simultaneous breakdown of the panel and the rupture of one of the vertical bars in a two-line loop connection or in a single-line tubular-bar connection in the body of the panel, with the possibility of providing under extreme impacts, retention of panels from collapse and their hovering over a broken vertical joint due to reinforcement. The reinforcement is laid in

- 1 038356 horizontal seams on the entire floor of the building, and floor slabs and reinforcing cages are installed on it. All cavities formed between the panels and the base of the building are poured with concrete; cavities between elements of loop joints; cavities between the indicated tubes and reinforcing bars and floor joints with underlying panels. The specified means of stabilizing the structure are supplemented by the fact that the wall panels are installed in a staggered manner, starting from the first floor, with the panels of the overlying floor shifted by a distance of 0.5L between the two-line joints. The process of erecting subsequent floors is carried out in the same way after the precast-monolithic seams have hardened. The base of the structure can be made in the form of a solid foundation slab, or in the form of a reinforced concrete stylobate, or in the form of a frame structure. The connecting element can be made in the form of a crimp sleeve, or in the form of a plate welded to two rods, or in the form of a threaded sleeve. The specified tube may have an inner diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the reinforcing bar passing through it. The specified tube has an inner and outer corrugated surface.

Blueprints

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fragment of a panel structure with three types of destruction after extreme impact;

in fig. 2 - view AA in Fig. 1;

in fig. 3 - view BB in FIG. 1;

in fig. 4 is a view C-C in FIG. 1;

in fig. 5 is a view D-D in FIG. 1;

in fig. 6 - view E-E in Fig. 1;

in fig. 7 is a view F-F in FIG. 1;

in fig. 8 is a view G-G in FIG. 3;

in fig. 9 - view H - H in Fig. 2;

in fig. 10 is a view J-J in FIG. 4;

in fig. 11 is a view of K-K in FIG. 5;

in fig. 12 is a view MM in Fig. 1.

An embodiment of the invention

A method of increasing the survivability of a large-panel structure 1 under extreme impacts, including a base 2, prefabricated panels of transverse 3 and longitudinal 4 load-bearing walls, floor slabs 5, resting on load-bearing walls, consists in the fact that the assembly of a large-panel structure 1 is carried out with prefabricated monolithic joints with by means of stabilizing the structure in the form of a two-line loop connection made of loops 6 emerging from the ends of the panels and reinforcing bars 7 passing through loops 6.

Then the joints are monolithic with concrete mortar at the construction site.

On the basis of 2, anchor elements 8 are fixed in the form of rods at the intersection of the axes of the structure under construction 1 in accordance with the project.

By means of anchoring elements 8, two-module 9, single-module 10 and end 11 panels are mounted.

From these panels, a single wall is formed by the mentioned means of stabilizing the structure.

Means of stabilization of the structure are made in the form of a combination of a two-line hinge joint, which fasten horizontally adjacent panels in the direction across the joint by means of at least two adjacent groups of embedded steel hinges 6 of both panels located in the cavity between them, and fasten the vertically adjacent panels by means of these ties , made in the form of reinforcing bars 7, passed through said loops 6, and equipped at the ends with connecting elements 12 for attachment to adjacent reinforcing bars 7.

The single-line tubular-bar connection included in the combination of connections fasten vertically adjacent panels by means of a reinforcing bar 7, equipped at the ends with connecting elements 12 for attachment to adjacent reinforcing bars 7, passed through a tube 13 installed in a vertical hole made in the body of the panel at a distance, equal to half the distance L between the reinforcing bars 7 of the two-line connection at the ends of the panel.

Reinforcing rods 7 of all panels of the first floor are fastened by connecting elements 12 with the mentioned anchoring elements 8 of the base 2, located at a distance of 0.5L from each other.

Reinforcement 14 is installed in the joints of the floor slabs for the entire length of the joint, with the possibility of transferring the load to the upper and adjacent vertical reinforcing bars 7 with simultaneous breakdown of the panel and rupture of one of the vertical reinforcing bars 7 in a two-line loop connection or in a single-line tubular-bar connection in the body panels, with the possibility of ensuring, under extreme influences, the retention of the panels from collapse and their hovering over the broken vertical joint due to the reinforcement 14.

Reinforcement 14 is laid in horizontal seams on the entire floor of the building, and floor slabs 5, reinforcing cages 15 are installed on it.

- 2 038356

Concrete is poured into all the cavities formed between the panels and the base 2 of the structure -Sr of the cavities S ₂ between the elements of the loop joints 6 and 7; cavities S3 between the specified tubes 13 and the reinforcing bars 7 and S _{4 of the} joints of the floors 5 with the underlying panels.

The specified means of stabilizing the structure are supplemented by the fact that the wall panels are installed in a staggered manner (Fig. 1), starting from the first floor, with the panels of the overlying floor shifted by a distance of 0.5L between the two-line joints.

The process of erecting subsequent floors is carried out in the same way after the precast seams have hardened.

The base 2 of the building can be made in the form of a solid foundation slab. or in the form of a reinforced concrete stylobate, or in the form of a frame structure (not shown).

The connecting element 12 can be made in the form of a crimp sleeve, or in the form of a plate welded to two rods (not shown), or in the form of a threaded sleeve (Figs. 5, 9, 10).

The specified tube 13 may have an inner diameter 1.5-2.5 times larger than the diameter of the reinforcing bar 7 passing through it.

The specified tube 13 can have an inner and outer corrugated surface.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prior art known from the scientific, technical and patent documentation, at the priority date in the main and adjacent headings, did not reveal a tool that has features identical to all the features contained in the claims proposed by the applicant, including the characteristics of the purpose.

Those. the set of essential features of the claimed solution was not previously known and is not identical to any known technical solutions, therefore, it meets the condition of patentability novelty.

An analysis of known technical solutions in this field of technology showed that the proposed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since no solutions have been identified that have features that coincide with its distinctive features, or such solutions have been identified, but the knowledge of the influence of distinctive features has not been confirmed to the technical result specified in the materials of the invention.

Those. The claimed solution has features that are absent in known technical solutions, and the use of these features in the claimed set of essential features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result - an increase in the safety and survivability of a large-panel structure under extreme impacts by eliminating progressive collapse.

Consequently, the proposed technical solution can only be obtained by a creative approach and is not obvious to the average specialist in this field, i.e. has an inventive step in comparison with the state of the art.

Industrial applicability

This technical solution is industrially applicable, since its purpose is indicated in the description of the invention and the title of the invention, it can be carried out industrially during the prefabricated construction of residential, administrative and public buildings.

The invention is feasible and reproducible, and the distinctive features given in the claims are essential, since they affect the possibility of solving the technical problem indicated in the description and obtaining the technical result provided by the invention, that is, they are in a causal relationship with the indicated result and therefore are essential.

The invention in the form as it is described in each of the claims can be carried out using the means and methods described in the prototype - patent RU 2479702, which became generally available before the priority date of the invention.

In addition, the implementation of the claimed invention is achieved by implementing, for example, the following embodiment of the purpose of the invention.

Consequently, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability and industrial applicability.

The implementation of the invention is carried out as follows.

Anchor rods 8 of the calculated diameter are fixed at the base of the building 2 with steps L1 and L ₂ = L (it is recommended to take a step L ₁ = L ₂ = 0.5L).

A panel, for example, 9 with a length L and a panel 10 with a length L _1, are vertically connected to the base 2 by reinforcing bars 7 of the calculated diameter using connecting elements 12 - detachable in the form, for example, a sleeve with a tapered or cylindrical thread, or one-piece in the form, for example, a crimp bushing or cover plate welded with two rods.

The reinforcing rods 7 extend to the entire height of the building and connect the panels 9 to each other or to the panel 10 (11) using the connecting elements 12 vertically, while the rods 7 pass alternately either through the channel in the body of the panel formed by the tube 13, or through the hinges 6, the number of which is established by calculation.

The connecting element 12 has an inner diameter 1.5-2.5 diameters larger than the diameter

- 3 038356 reinforcing bar 7, is made smooth or with a relief inner surface, filled after installing panels 9 and 10 in their original position with concrete mortar.

The gap between the tube 12 and the rod 7 allows, if necessary, to achieve the alignment of the rods 7 when assembling the panels 9 and 10, connecting the rods 7 using the connecting elements 12.

In the horizontal seams of the panels, reinforcing rods 14 of the calculated diameter are laid for the entire length of the horizontal joint, ensuring that the floor panels 5 hang on these rods when the underlying panel (panels) 9 and 10 collapse.

The connection of the overlying panel 9 or 10 with the base 2 can be performed either with a solid foundation slab, or with a stylobate, or with the frame of the underlying part of the building.

To keep the underlying panels and rod 7 in the horizontal joint during breakage, rods 14 of the calculated diameter are laid along the entire length of the joint, which hold the floors 5 and the overlying panels 9 or 10.

For example (Fig. 6), a typical hinge joint of two panels 3 is shown, where the hinges 6 protruding from the panels and passing through the anchor element 8 with the help of concrete mortar create a prefabricated monolithic assembly of the panel structure.

In the base of the building 2, which can be made in the variants of a solid foundation slab, or a reinforced concrete stylobate, or a frame structure, rods 7 are fixed at the intersection of the axes of the building under construction.

In accordance with the construction management project, the installation of panels 9 (two-module panels), 10 (single-module panels), 11 (end panels) with loop joints 6 begins.

Sequentially, reinforcing rods 7 are installed in the joints of the joints in the form of tubes 13 passing through the panels 6 and fixed by means of connecting elements 12 with anchor elements 8 located below the base of the building 2.

Reinforcement rods 14 are laid out along horizontal seams on the entire floor of the building, floor slabs 5, reinforcing cages 15 are installed and all cavities formed between the panels and the base of the building, cavities between loop joints, cavities between tubes 13 and rods 7, as well as floor joints are filled 5 with underlying panels.

Further, the process of erecting the next floor after the hardening of the prefabricated monolithic seams is repeated on the next floor.

As a result of the extreme impact in the invention, the partial destruction of the building occurs with the destruction of the connections:

I - on the loop connection on the facade of the building (Fig. 6);

II - at the connection inside the panels 4 (Fig. 12);

III - along the loop connection of the corner of the building (Fig. 7).

In case of partial destruction, the upper panels hang on the rods 7, with scheme I located in the loop connection of the overlying panel, with scheme II located in the body of the two overlying panels; with scheme III - panels located in a loop connection.

In this case, the floor slabs 5 hang on the reinforcing bars 7 (Figs. 4 and 5) and the reinforcing bars 14.

Connections of panels 9 and 10 with each other and with end panels 11 are shown in the drawings (Fig. 212) using rods 7, connecting elements 12 and hinges 6 in the body of the panels, extending from the lower to the upper storey.

Panel structures are laid out on the plane of the facade in a checkerboard pattern, without forming a single vertical seam from the bottom to the top of the building.

At the same time, the joints themselves run along the facade of the building from top to bottom alternately, now in the vertical seams of the panels, then in the body of the panel installed in a checkerboard pattern, redistributing the loads arising in the connections during collapse on the connections, while reducing the consequences of the effects on the structure.

The advantage over the known structures is an increase in the reliability of panel buildings with precast-monolithic joints and a decrease in the likelihood of progressive collapse during gas explosions, terrorist attacks or seismic effects on the structure.

The proposed method allows, in addition to increasing the reliability of a building under extreme impacts, to achieve increased accuracy of building installation, eliminate welding, improve the ecology of construction and switch to bolted and crimp joints of vertical joints of reinforcement, keeping it possible, if necessary, to connect reinforcement by welding.

The use of the invention makes it possible to increase the safety and survivability of a large-panel structure under extreme impacts by eliminating progressive collapse.

Claims (1)

CLAIM The method of constructing a large-panel structure (1) with increased survivability under extreme impacts by preventing progressive collapse, including the base (2), prefabricated panels of transverse (3) and longitudinal (4) load-bearing walls, floor slabs (5) resting on the load-bearing walls, consisting in the fact that the assembly of a large-panel structure (1) is carried out with precast monolithic joints with means of stabilizing the structure in the form of a two-line loop connection from hinges (6) coming out of the ends of the panels, and ties (7) passing through the hinges (6), then the connections are monolithic concrete mortar at the construction site, characterized in that on the basis (2) anchor elements (8) are fixed in the form of rods at the intersection of the axes of the structure under construction (1), by means of which two-module (9), single-module (10) and end (11) panels, while of these panels form a single wall with the mentioned means of stabilizing the structure, which are performed in the form of a combination two-line hinge joint, which fasten horizontally adjacent panels in the direction across the joint by means of at least two adjacent groups of embedded steel hinges (6) of both panels located in the cavity between them, and fasten the vertically adjacent panels by means of the indicated ties (7) made in the form of reinforcing bars passed through the mentioned loops (6) and equipped at the ends with connecting elements (12) for fastening to adjacent reinforcing bars (7), and a single-line tubular-bar connection, which fasten vertically adjacent panels by means of a reinforcing bar (7) equipped at the ends with connecting elements (12) for fastening to adjacent reinforcing bars (7) passed through a tube (13) installed in a vertical hole made in the body of the panel at a distance equal to half the distance L between the reinforcing bars (7) of a two-line connection along the ends of the panel, and the reinforcing bars (7) of all panels of the first e the tie is fastened by connecting elements (12) with the mentioned anchor elements (8) of the base (2), located at a distance of 0.5L from each other, while reinforcement (14) is installed in the joints of the floor slabs (5) for the entire length of the joint with the possibility of providing transferring the load to the upper and adjacent vertical reinforcing bars (7) with simultaneous panel breakage and rupture of one of the vertical reinforcing bars (7) in a two-line loop connection or in a single-line tubular-bar connection in the panel body, with the possibility of ensuring, under extreme influences, retention from collapse panels and their hovering over the broken vertical joint due to reinforcement (14), which is laid in horizontal seams on the entire floor of the building, and floor slabs (5) and reinforcing cages (15) are installed on it, after which all cavities formed between the panels and the base (2) of the building - (S ₁ ); cavities (S ₂ ) between the elements of the loop connections (6) and (7); cavities (S ₃ ) between the said tubes (13) and reinforcing bars (7) and (S ₄ ) of the joints of the floors (5) with the underlying panels, while these means of stabilizing the structure are complemented by the fact that the wall panels are installed in a staggered manner (Fig. 1), starting from the first floor, with a shift of the panels of the overlying floor by a distance of 0.5L between the two-line joints, while the process of erecting subsequent floors is carried out in the same way after the precast-monolithic seams have hardened.