EA035076B1 - Wall made up of an assembly of pallets, assembly modules, method for creating a building or a wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall (100) comprising a framework of pallets (10) assembled in horizontally juxtaposed and vertically superposed vertical positions. In the wall, two juxtaposed pallets (10) of a row are immobilized with respect to one another by at least one horizontal assembly module (MH) collaborating along a long side (17) of each of the said juxtaposed pallets via protrusions (24) secured to a sole (21) of the horizontal module, collaborating with openings (171) formed on the long sides (17) of each of the said pallets between two successive blocks, an edge (14) and a sole (11). In the wall, vertically superposed pallets (10) are immobilized with respect to one another by at least one vertical assembly module (MV) collaborating along a short side (18) of each of the superposed pallets by crenels (32) secured to a base (31) of said vertical module, collaborating with canals (181) opening onto the short sides (18) of each of the said pallets between two successive blocks secured to a crossmember (13). Spacer modules are used to hold two walls apart to form the framework of a rampart.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of the implementation of walls for the construction of buildings such as residential buildings, awnings, walls, reinforced shafts or fences.

In particular, the invention relates to modules for assembling pallets for the purpose of making walls, to a wall and to assembling walls made by connecting loading pallets, and to a method for erecting walls and wall assemblies using loading pallets.

State of the art

The construction of buildings, such as a residential building, hangar or fence, for which there are currently many technical solutions, always faces the problem of its cost and availability of necessary materials.

To overcome the problem of the high cost of traditional stone or brick structures requiring a large amount of labor, solutions of the so-called prefabricated construction have been developed, in which the building structures are made using large-sized elements.

In decisions of prefabricated construction, elements are used that have dimensions and shapes for their connection in the exact plane and for the construction of the building for which the elements were developed. Prefabricated elements are most often made of concrete or wood at a factory with low costs and quickly assembled at the place where the building is being erected.

However, this decision puts forward new requirements, limiting the possible forms of the building, which should be feasible using prefabricated elements, unless special elements for one construction are made, and involving the transportation and loading and unloading of elements that are as large as possible and as large as possible weight to produce as few assembly operations as possible.

Thus, decisions on prefabricated construction lead to the loss of some of the advantages achieved in terms of cost during transportation, loading and unloading, and due to shape limitations.

To reduce costs, the use of multi-turn materials, and in particular loading wooden pallets, was also considered.

So it was proposed to carry out the construction of small structures, such as individual houses, by connecting pallets for the construction of walls.

For example, international patent application WO 2009/062215 describes the construction of a house using pallets connected by rows and columns to obtain a wall and floor structure of the house. In the proposed design, the walls are formed in thickness by joining each other with three pallets and various materials, in particular panels and insulators. The pallets are connected, placing their deck boards in an upright position in the partitions and walls, using through metal parts equipped with end platforms, which, on the one hand, hold the gap between the pallets along the wall thickness and fasten the pallets with pins or screws passing through the platforms.

The disadvantage of this solution is related to the number of fasteners used, at least one for each corner of the pallet, and the need to mount the platforms on the outer pallets through the wall being erected.

In addition, in the vertical position of the deck boards and, therefore, the support boards of pallets, these support boards form obstacles that make it difficult to lay electrical wires and various tubes that need to be sealed in the wall being made and which for the most part must pass horizontally.

From patent application FR 2899921 it is also known to perform self-supporting spans for mounting walls or floors using pallets connected by stiffeners on the sides and plates on other sides. As a result of this method, large-sized panels are obtained having a sandwich structure, the core of which is formed by pallets.

If multi-turn materials are used in this way, the method results in prefabricated panels that have the same disadvantages as conventional prefabricated building elements, in particular in terms of loading and unloading, taking into account their weight and size. In addition, the problem of connecting panels to each other is not considered and is a source of additional complexity during installation.

Therefore, the known solutions are not satisfactory and cannot be considered for the implementation of construction using materials that are inexpensive, easy to transport and which can collect one worker or a limited number of workers without special handling equipment in a minimum time.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention allows to overcome the problems of known solutions and to make a wall or wall by connecting pallets without the use of complex means, in particular by individually manipulating pallets during installation and using assembly modules to ensure the retention and stability of pallets as they are installed.

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The claimed horizontal module (MN) is designed for fastening between themselves loading pallets, connected in vertical positions next to each other horizontally and one above the other vertically to form a wall frame, while the pallet contains at least three support boards oriented along the length (Lp) the specified pallet and forming the inner side of the specified pallet;

at least three cross-beams oriented along the width (Hp) of said pallet, perpendicular to the support boards and held at a constant or substantially constant distance from said support boards using inserts, one insert on each support board;

deck boards resting on the cross beams parallel to the supporting boards and forming the outer side of the specified pallet;

wherein the pallets are connected in a substantially vertical position of the inner sides and the outer sides.

The horizontal module (MN) comprises a pad essentially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, having a first side and a second side parallel to said first side, spaced apart by the thickness of the pad (Hpl), and having a length substantially equal to or exceeding the length (Lp) of the pallet, and the width (lmh) less than the height (Ep) of the pallet;

at least two protrusions rigidly connected to the second side, each protrusion having a length (Apr) essentially equal to the distance between two adjacent inserts of one support plate of the pallet, and a width (Bpr) essentially equal to the height enclosed between deck board and pallet backing board;

the distance separating the two protrusions is essentially equal to the double size of the side insert of the pallet, measured in the direction of passage of the deck boards.

Such a horizontal module allows you to block the movement between two pallets located next to each other in the same row of pallets forming a partition frame.

In an embodiment, all or part of the protrusions comprise at least one through hole extending through a horizontal module (MH). This allows the module not to form obstacles between two pallets when it is necessary to lay pipelines or ducts running vertically inside the partition.

Preferably, the height of the protrusions (Hpr) is from 5 mm to a width of the support board, preferably from 5 mm to 50% of the width of the support board. Thus, pallets stacked on such a horizontal module are held steady enough to mount pallets.

In an embodiment, each end of the horizontal module comprises a node with a spike and a groove for connecting two horizontal modules located in a line to the groove. Thus, positioning the horizontal modules next to each other is simpler and more accurate.

In an embodiment, the platform comprises at least one blocking groove between two adjacent protrusions, that is, a groove whose shape ensures that the tenon of the corresponding shape is held. When several pallets form the thickness of the partition frame, this allows you to hold together and at a given distance two pallets against each other.

In a particular embodiment of the horizontal module, the platform comprises protrusions on each of its first and second sides. Thus, a horizontal module is obtained that can be placed between two rows of pallets located one above the other and the protrusions of which interact with the pallets of the lower row for the protrusions located under the platform and with the pallets of the upper row for the protrusions located above the platform.

Preferably, the platform comprises openings or draft holes for accommodating platform mountings with pallets or with another platform of the horizontal module. This allows you to ensure the exact position of the mounts used to assemble the frame, and the ability to install mounts without drilling.

The declared vertical module (MV) is designed for fastening loading pallets between themselves in vertical positions next to each other horizontally and one above the other vertically to form a wall frame, while the pallet contains at least three support boards oriented along the length (Lp) of the specified pallet and forming the inner side of the specified pallet;

at least three cross-beams oriented along the width (Hp) of said pallet, perpendicular to the support boards and held at a constant or substantially constant distance from said support boards using inserts, one insert on each support board;

deck boards resting on the cross beams parallel to the supporting boards and forming the outer side of the specified pallet;

wherein the pallets are connected in a substantially vertical position of the inner sides and the outer sides.

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The vertical module (MV) contains a base with a width (Emv) less than the height of the channel made at the height (Ep) of the pallet, while the height of the channel corresponds to the height (Ep) minus the thickness of the cross-beam and the thickness of the deck board, and the height (Hmv) between the first end and the second end of the vertical module substantially at least 1.5 times the width (Hp) of the pallet, increased by the total thickness (Hpl) of the pads inserted between the two pallets on top of each other in a vertical assembly;

at least three teeth rigidly connected to the base on the same side of said base, each tooth having a width equal to the width (Emv) of the base and having a height (Hc) in the longitudinal direction of the vertical module (MV), essentially equal to the distance between two adjacent inserts on the same pallet cross member;

wherein the space between the tooth closest to the first end and said first end has a height (Hdla) less than or equal to the size of the side insert in the direction of passage of the cross member;

wherein the space between the two teeth intended to frame the middle insert of the pallet has a height (Hdlb) substantially equal to the size of said middle insert of the pallet in the direction of passage of the cross member;

however, the space between two teeth intended to frame the connection of two pallets located one above the other in a vertical assembly has a height substantially equal to the double size of the side insert of the pallet in the direction of passage of the cross member, increased by the double thickness (Hpl) of the pads inserted between indicated by two pallets located one above the other.

Such a vertical module allows you to block the movement between two pallets located one above the other in two rows of pallets located one above the other, forming a partition frame.

In an embodiment, the tooth width (Emv) is from 30 to 80% of the depth of the pallet channel, with the height (Hc) of the tooth being less than or equal to the depth of the pallet channel.

In an embodiment, as in the case of horizontal modules, the base comprises holes or rough holes for accommodating the fasteners of said base with pallets or with another base of the vertical pallet.

The object of the invention is also a wall containing a frame, mainly formed by cargo pallets, connected in vertical positions next to each other horizontally and one above the other vertically, while the pallet contains at least three support boards oriented along the length of the long side of the specified pallet and forming the inner side of the specified pallet;

at least three cross-beams oriented along the width (Hp) of the short side of said pallet, perpendicular to the support boards and held at a constant or substantially constant distance from said support boards by means of inserts, one insert per each support board;

deck boards resting on the cross beams parallel to the supporting boards and forming the outer side of the specified pallet;

wherein the pallets are connected in a substantially vertical position of the inner sides and the outer sides.

In addition, in the wall, two adjacent pallets of the same row are fastened to each other by at least one horizontal assembly module (MN) interacting on the long side of said adjacent next to each other by means of protrusions rigidly connected to the base of the specified horizontal module and interacting with holes made on the long sides of each of these pallets between two consecutive inserts, on a deck board and on a support board.

Thus, the frame is formed using pallets and using only two models of modules to ensure the connection of pallets, placing the pallets in a position that allows horizontal pipelines and ducts to be laid freely in their thickness.

In an embodiment, vertically stacked pallets stacked on top of each other, fastened together by at least one vertical assembly module (MV), interacting on the short side of each of these pallets stacked on top of each other using teeth rigidly connected to the base of said vertical module and interacting with channels facing the short sides of each of these pallets between two consecutive inserts rigidly connected to the cross member.

In particular, the horizontal modules (MN) correspond to the declared horizontal modules.

In particular, the vertical modules (MV) correspond to the declared vertical modules.

In an embodiment, the thickness of the carcass comprises at least two pallets, and in the carcass at least two opposite pallets are located with the outer sides facing each other. Thus, during installation, volumes in the thickness of the pallets remain accessible

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In an embodiment, the wall comprises, in the thickness of the pallets, the frame of the wall, duct, or conduits, and / or insulating materials.

Preferably, the wall comprises at least one visible side of the frame a panel or panels fixed to pallets. Thus, the final connection of the frame pallets and the surface finish of the wall are carried out.

In an embodiment of the invention, the reinforced shaft comprises at least two walls corresponding to the declared walls, located essentially parallel to the inner sides of the pallets opposite these facing each other walls.

The distance (Ds) separating the two opposite pallets is held in the reinforced shaft at a selected value using at least one separation module made of a panel and containing cutouts made in the specified separation module so as to go into the supporting boards of against each other pallets in the position of the specified separation module, essentially vertical and essentially perpendicular to the inner sides of these pallets.

Thus, a stable frame of the reinforced shaft is obtained, the dimensions of which are precisely determined by the used pallets and modules and which can be quickly assembled without special loading and unloading means.

Preferably, in the reinforced shaft, two opposing pallets are held at a distance from each other by four spacer modules grouped in two spaced apart separation modules at each end of said opposed pallets.

This arrangement provides a strengthened connection between two opposing pallets and better resistance to stresses that could tend to bring together or extend these pallets, while the connection can be further strengthened by increasing the number of separation modules.

Preferably, the volume formed between the two walls is at least partially filled with aggregate. The mass of the aggregate naturally stabilizes the reinforced shaft and, depending on its own characteristics, the aggregate provides protection against external aggressive influences, for example protection against ballistic objects, noise, and tidal waters.

The object of the invention is also a method of assembling the claimed wall, wherein the wall comprises a frame with pallets fastened together by horizontal modules (MN) and vertical modules (MV), the method comprising the following steps:

horizontal modules (MN) are laid on the base in the place of the assembled partition with the projections directed upwards;

on the horizontal modules laid on the basis of these, a first row of pallets with horizontal deck boards and with protrusions extending into the openings of the pallets is arranged so that the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the row is always between two protrusions of one horizontal module.

If the wall frame contains at least one second row of pallets located above the first row, the method further comprises the following steps:

the pallets of the lower row are held together in their upper parts by means of horizontal modules (MN), the protrusions of which are directed downwards and extend into the holes of the pallets, so that the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the row is always between two protrusions of one horizontal module;

on each of the horizontal modules, the protrusions of which are directed to the bottom of the modules, fasten the horizontal module with the projections directed upward;

at least one second row of pallets are stacked on said vertical modules with upwardly projecting arms, the pallets being laid with horizontal deck boards and with protrusions extending into the openings of the pallets, and so as to arrange the pallets in columns;

vertical modules (MV) are located at the ends of the frame with the teeth of the specified vertical modules entering the channels oriented along the width (Lp) of the pallets.

In an embodiment of the fastening method, it is installed during assembly in order to fix horizontal or vertical modules on the pallets of the frame or to fasten them together.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Objects and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the description and drawings, illustrating an embodiment and implementation of the invention. It is understood that this description is provided as an example and is not restrictive.

In FIG. 1 shows a wooden pallet of a standard model that complies with Europe, perspective view (a), side view (c) in an upright position with deck boards and support boards at the end, simplified view (b) showing various surfaces, sides and volumes pallet;

- 4 035076 in FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a wall partially made of pallets, such as the pallet shown in FIG. 1;

in FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of assembly modules for assembling pallets in substantially the positions that they will have in the assembled wall;

in FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first row of pallets connected to form a partition;

in FIG. 5 shows the configuration shown in FIG. 4, with horizontal assembly modules mounted on the upper free edge of the first row to prepare for laying the second row of pallets, as shown in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 6a and b show a partial perspective view of a partition forming a right angle, respectively, from the inside of the formed angle in FIG. 6a and the outside view of the angle formed in FIG. 6b;

in FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of a partition partially shown as in FIG. 6a and b, illustrating at an angle of view equivalent to that of FIG. 6b, used pallets and modules;

in FIG. 8a, b, c, d shows an example of a horizontal module in a horizontal position for assembling pallets, a perspective view in FIG. 8a, a side view of FIG. 8b, a top view of FIG. 8c is a sectional view of AA in FIG. 8d illustrating the connection of two modules corresponding to the module shown in FIG. 8a, and a detailed view schematically illustrating a beveled chamfer at the edge of a protrusion;

in FIG. 9a, b, an example of a vertical module in a vertical position for assembling pallets is shown, a perspective view in FIG. 9a, a side view of FIG. 9b, a front view of FIG. 9s;

in FIG. 10 shows a sectional view along the vertical plane of a wall frame containing two pallets located one above the other and vertical modules used for assembly;

in FIG. 11 shows options for the shape of a horizontal module;

in FIG. 12a and b show a sectional view along the vertical plane of the wall, which contains the finishing elements and the frame of which contains two adjacent sets of stacked pallets according to two variants of arrangement: with the same position in FIG. 12a and with deck boards in FIG. 12b;

in FIG. 13 is a sectional view illustrating the principle of a partition containing three pallets in thickness and containing two pallets arranged in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 12b, between which a third pallet is mounted in a mid-position;

in FIG. 14 is a front view of an example of a separation module made of a flat panel;

in FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced shaft during construction, the frame of which is formed by connecting two walls, each of which is formed by a pallet in thickness and which are held together at a distance by means of dividing modules. Part (a) of FIG. 15, made on a small scale, shows the position of the cut in the reinforced shaft in a frontal view of the reinforced shaft.

The implementation of the invention

In the drawings, parts representing elements that perform the same function, even having different shapes, are identified by the same designations.

Elements shown in different figures and various elements in one figure are not necessarily to scale. In particular, for greater clarity of the drawings, elements of parts that are considered useful or important in the framework of the invention are shown enlarged as necessary compared to other elements.

In FIG. 1, a perspective view (a) and a side view (c) with a width Hp in a vertical position, an example of a wooden loading pallet 10 of a conventional model is presented. Such a pallet in its original application provides loading and unloading of goods under optimal loading and unloading conditions using standard means, such as forklift trucks, stackers or pallet trucks.

In most cases, the shape of the pallets, as well as their mechanical strength and wood processing, are in accordance with the standards.

An EPAL pallet (www.qualipal.fr), or a European pallet widely used in industry, nominally has a length of Lp 1,200 m, a width of Hp. 0,800 m and a total height of EP 0,144 m, and tolerances are also defined for these nominal sizes.

The pallet 10 comprises three support boards 11 by which the pallet rests on the base during normal use;

three cross-beams 13 oriented perpendicularly to the support boards and held at a distance from said support boards;

inserts 12a, b in an amount of three on the support board defining a constant or substantially constant distance between the support boards 11 and the cross-beams 13 resting on the inserts;

the flooring formed by the boards, including deck boards 14 on opposite edges of the pallet, resting on the cross members, parallel to the supporting boards and forming a surface on their outer sides to accommodate the goods transported during the first use of the pallet.

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It should be noted that the size of one of the inserts 12b associated with the middle support board, measured in the longitudinal direction of the crossbars, exceeds the size corresponding to the inserts 12a associated with the side support boards of the pallet, which corresponds to the EPAL norm.

Thus, the pallet 10 is inscribed in a rectangular box, as shown in part (b) of FIG. 1 having dimensions Lp, Hp and Ep.

To describe the use of the pallet for the purpose of building the wall, the outer side 15 corresponding to a surface with dimensions Lp / Hp on which the goods are laid when the pallet is used for the first time will be considered;

the inner side 16 corresponding to a surface with dimensions Lp / Hp through which the pallet rests flat on the base with the support boards 11 when the pallet is used for the first time;

two long lateral sides 17 with dimensions Lp / Ep corresponding to the edges of the pallet parallel to the deck boards 14 and the support boards 11;

two short lateral sides 18 with dimensions Hp / Ep corresponding to the edges of the pallet parallel to the cross-beams 13.

On each long side 17 between the support board and the deck board and between the inserts fixed to the support board, two holes 171 are formed. Holes 171 are reproduced at the level of each support board.

Between the short lateral sides 18, U-shaped channels 181 are formed, each of these channels being made between two adjacent support boards and is open in the direction of the inner side.

In a detailed example of the construction of a wall, wall or partition, pallets are used corresponding to the pallet 10 described above according to the EPAL norm. However, this example is not limiting, and without going beyond the scope of the present invention, any type of pallet having similar or similar characteristics can be used. In the case of pallets other than a European pallet, a person skilled in the art can, if necessary, adapt the dimensions and shapes of the used assembly modules.

To create a wall 100 in accordance with the invention, for example a wall or partition, an example of a partial erection of which is shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of pallets 10 are used.

The number of pallets used depends on the area of the wall being built, in particular on its length and its height, possibly minus the openings in the wall and taking into account the number of pallets that should form the wall thickness.

The number of pallets forming the wall thickness is at least 1, as in the example shown in FIG. 2, and does not have a theoretical maximum. In practice, the number of pallets forming the wall thickness should correspond to the loads that the wall must withstand.

For example, for a building such as a residential building, the walls should have a thickness of two pallets, as in the examples shown in FIG. 12a and b, or in three pallets, as in the embodiment of FIG. 13. A lightweight structure, such as a canopy, may have walls whose thickness is formed by only one pallet, while a building of several floors may contain at least lower parts of walls whose thickness is the result of joining more than two pallets.

To hold between each other pallets connected in the wall 100, assembly modules are used.

The role of the assembly modules is to perform the function of connecting at least two pallets and fastening the pallets between each other in the required position, at least for the needs of the installation stage of the wall frame 100.

According to the principle of the invention, the pallets 10 are joined to form the wall 100 with the deck boards 14 horizontal and therefore with the size H of the pallet in height of said wall.

The wall 100 comprises at least one row of pallets and, as a rule, contains several rows arranged one above the other to obtain the required height of the wall, as shown in FIG. 2, 6a and b.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, two models of assembly modules are used: horizontal MH modules and vertical MV modules.

In the assembled partition, the horizontal MH modules interact with the long sides of 17 pallets and are located in a horizontal plane.

In the assembled partition, the vertical modules MV interact with the short sides of the 17 pallets and are located in a vertical plane.

The horizontal module MH provides a connection between at least two pallets located next to each other in the same row of pallets.

The horizontal module MN is a unitary element corresponding to a structure of several whole or hollow volumes.

An example of a horizontal MH module is shown in the horizontal application position in FIG. 8a, a perspective view of FIG. 8b, side view, in FIG. 8c, a top view, and in FIG. 8d vertical view

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The horizontal module MH shown in FIG. 8a, b and c, comprises a pad 21 substantially of a length Lp corresponding to the length of the pallet 10 and a width lmh substantially corresponding to the height Ep of the pallet 10.

As can be understood from the use of horizontal modules MN, preferably the length Lp of the horizontal module is a reference length, while at least in some embodiments, adjacent horizontal modules overlap each other in the length direction by fitting the studs 29 into the grooves 29 'at the ends of the specified horizontal module. In addition, the width lmh of the horizontal module is slightly different from the height Ep of the pallet so that the horizontal module is reversible, remaining enclosed in the plane of the outer 15 and inner 16 sides of the pallets.

This last condition requires taking into account the asymmetry of the pallet in a vertical position, which on the outer side 15 has the combined thickness of the crosspiece 13 and deck board 14, and on the inside only the thickness of the support board 11, while only the smallest of these thicknesses should be taken into account to determine the module. thus ensuring the reversibility of the horizontal module MN.

The horizontal module MN comprises a substantially flat first side 22 and a second side 23 containing two protrusions 24.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8a, b, c, each protrusion 24 has the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. The width Bpr and the length Apr of the protrusion correspond for the specified width to the height of the hole 171 on the long side 17 of the pallet 10 and for the specified length to the length of the specified hole on the indicated long side with tolerances in the dimensions of these protrusions, at which the protrusion sits without a gap and without excessive force in hole 171, including in the case when the specified hole has a minimum size due to manufacturing tolerances for pallets.

The parallelepiped-shaped protrusion shape may have rounded edges or beveled bevels 241, as shown in enlarged view in FIG. 8d that facilitate the fit of the protrusion 24 into the pallet hole 171 during assembly of the partition 100.

In addition, the distance Spr separating the two protrusions 24 of the horizontal module MH is equal to the double size of the insert 12a connected to the side support board along the length of the pallet 10.

This separation distance Spr depends, in particular, on the required position of the horizontal module MH, covering two adjacent pallets 10, when the adjacent inserts 12a of the two pallets are also next to each other.

At each of its ends, the horizontal module MN contains a straight spike 29 at half the width of the platform 21, while the other half of the specified width corresponds to the groove 29 ', while looking at the specified platform from above, the straight spikes 29 are offset to provide a connection into the groove on each end of the horizontal module MN with an identical horizontal module and so that as a result, the distance between two adjacent protrusions of two adjacent horizontal modules is equal to the size of the middle insert along the length of the pallet 10.

The straight shape of the straight spike 29 is optional, but it provides a reversible installation of the horizontal MH module and leaves a degree of freedom in the longitudinal direction of the specified module in order to take into account the possibility of compensating for the spread of the length Lp of pallets during assembly of the partition frame.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one through hole 25 is provided in the horizontal module MH to allow passage between the first side 22 and the second side 23 of said horizontal module. Through holes are located on the horizontal module so that these through holes establish a message between the holes 171 of two pallets 10 located one above the other, fastened together by the specified horizontal module. In practice, the through hole is located in the part of the platform 21, on which the protrusions 24 are made.

In the embodiment of the horizontal module shown in FIG. 8a-8d, a through hole 25 is made in each of the protrusions 24. Although only one through hole 25 is shown for each of the protrusions in the figures, it is also possible to make several through holes of a smaller size, for example, to obtain a horizontal module stiffer than a single through hole of a large size, or to provide physical separation of the channels or ducts, which must pass vertically in the partition.

The thicknesses of the horizontal MN modules can vary over a relatively wide range, without significantly affecting the functions provided by the specified horizontal modules. In practice, the thickness is adapted to the material from which the modules are made to ensure the transfer of forces acting on them in the pallet assemblies under consideration.

The thickness Hpl of the pad 21 must be sufficient to transmit shear forces in the longitudinal and transverse directions when the pallets in which the protrusions 24 are planted are themselves subjected to forces, for example, generated by the wind on an erected or erected wall.

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For example, horizontal MN modules made of a material based on pressed and glued wood fibers or of rigid porous foam, for example polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene, have a thickness of Hpl from about 0.5 to 5 cm, which corresponds to many types of walls .

In addition, the use of the aforementioned materials and thickness values makes it possible to obtain lightweight modules that are strong enough during their installation in place, which can be cut, for example, in length, using conventional cutting tools, saws or blades, and allows you to absorb local deformations of unevenness at the edges of pallets associated with the materials used for these pallets, usually wood lumber.

The choice of the height Hpr of the protrusions 24 relative to the second side 23 of the platform 21 depends on the same factors as for the platform 21 to withstand the horizontal forces acting on the pallets.

The height Hpr should also be sufficient to avoid the accidental separation of the pallets, in particular during the installation of the wall, for example, the height Hpr is from 3 to 5 cm. In practice, the height Hpr does not have to exceed the width of the deck boards 14 or support boards 11.

The protrusions 24 can be made of any wear-resistant and economically acceptable materials, preferably from the same type of material as for the platform 21 with which they are associated.

The protrusions 24 can be performed separately from the platform 21, then connect them to it using glue, by connecting in a groove or using any other means of attachment.

In an embodiment, the horizontal MH modules, pads 21, and corresponding protrusions 24 are completely made of the same material by cutting from a block, or by molding, or by molding in the desired shape.

The vertical module MV provides a connection between at least two pallets located one above the other at the ends of the walls, as shown in FIG. 2, or when the wall forms an angle or is extended as shown in FIG. 6a and b, or when the wall starts from the side of another wall, which is not shown in the figures.

The vertical module MV shown in the upright position in FIG. 9a, a perspective view of FIG. 9b is a side view, and in FIG. 9c, a front view is made in the form of a part of a substantially constant thickness Emv comprising a base 31 and three teeth 32.

Preferably, the thickness Emv is less than the height Ep of the pallet from which the thickness of the cross member 13 and the thickness of the deck board 14 are subtracted, that is, less than the depth of the channels 181 of the U-shaped pallet.

In practice, the thickness Emv is chosen so that when the vertical module is mounted on the vertical edge of the wall erected using pallets, the specified vertical module is enclosed between the planes of the outer 15 and the inner 16 sides of the pallets and preferably does not completely cover the ends of the channels 181.

In the embodiment not shown, as in the case of horizontal MH modules, each end of the vertical MV module contains a straight spike connected with a groove, which during the joining of the two vertical MV modules facilitates their exact location next to each other.

The total height Hmv of the vertical module MV is substantially equal to 1.5 of the width Hp of the pallet.

The height Hc of each of the teeth 32 is equal to the empty distance between the inserts 12a, 12b along the width H of the pallet, i.e. the size of the channels 181 in the direction of the width Hp of the pallet.

The distance between the first end 311 of the vertical module MV and the prong 32 closest to the specified first end is equal to one size Hdla of the side insert 12a across the width of the pallet 10.

The distance between the tooth 32 closest to the first end 311 and the next nearest tooth is equal to one size Hdlb of the middle insert 12b across the width of the pallet 10.

The distance between the second end 312 of the vertical module MV and the prong 32 closest to the specified second end is equal to 0.5 of the size Hdlb of the middle insert 12 across the width of the pallet 10.

The distance between the tooth 32 closest to the second end 312 and the previous tooth is equal to the double size Hdla of the middle insert 12a across the width of the pallet 10, increased by the double thickness Hpl of the platform 21 of the horizontal module MH.

To comply with these dimensional conditions and taking into account the dimensional tolerances of the pallets 10 and the vertical MV modules, the vertical MV module can be seated at the ends of the channels 181 at the end of the wall on the short side 18 of the pallets forming the wall in question, that is, on the edge of the specified wall and pallets, as shown for example in FIG. 2 and 6a.

The vertical module MV can also be planted on the inner side 16 of the pallets, provided that the width Lc of the teeth, that is, the distance between the top of these teeth and the base 13, does not exceed and preferably less than the depth of the U-shaped channels 181 into which these teeth enter shown in FIG. 6a.

In an embodiment of the vertical modules MV, the tooth width Lc is at least substantially equal to the thickness Emv of said vertical modules.

In an embodiment, the tooth width Lc and the thickness Emv of said vertical modules are substantially less than each depth of the channels 181, therefore, these channels are not completely overlapped by the teeth to maintain free space between the vertical module MV and one of the sides of the pallet

- 8 035076 spaces through which pipelines or boxes can be laid in the wall.

Vertical MV modules are made of materials and using technologies similar to the materials and technologies used to execute horizontal MN modules.

As will be clear from the description of the method of mounting the wall 100, all dimensions of the horizontal module MN or the vertical module MV, indicated with respect to the dimensions of the used pallets 10, should be considered as theoretical values that will be adapted, on the one hand, to obtain the gaps necessary for simple installation with help joints in the groove, but avoiding excessive gaps that would lead to weakening of the assembly, and, on the other hand, to take into account the manufacturing tolerances of pallets and manufacturing tolerances of these modules.

So the protrusions 24 and the teeth 32, designed to fit into the holes 171 or channels 181 of pallets, should be performed taking into account the smallest acceptable sizes for these holes and these channels and taking into account factory tolerances.

Thus, the protrusions 24 or the teeth 32 should be performed with dividing distances between the specified protrusions and between the specified teeth, taking into account the largest permissible sizes for the inserts 12a, 12b, which will be installed between the specified protrusions or the specified teeth.

Assembly modules, examples of which were described in detail above, are discussed below in the example of a partial wall with one pallet in thickness, as shown in FIG. 3, 4, 5, and 2, which show the initial steps of assembling the wall framework 100.

Assembly is carried out on an appropriate basis 99, prepared in advance at the stage preceding the assembly of the walls, for example on concrete or on a stone foundation or on a coating, depending on the intended structure.

At the first stage, in the required location of the wall on the basis of 99, a first row of 41 connecting horizontal modules MN is installed, laid at the place of construction of the wall, as shown in FIG. 3.

The horizontal modules MN of this first row 41 are arranged next to each other with their first sides 22 resting on the base and with the upwardly extending projections 24.

The horizontal modules MN of this first row 41 are laid next to each other along their length without intermediate space, observing that the studs 29 fit into the grooves 29 'if horizontal modules equipped with studs and grooves are used to form a line with a length corresponding to the number of pallets of the first row 51 of pallets , taking into account the fact that the line of vertical separation between two combined pallets located next to each other is always on the same horizontal module MN.

It should be noted that according to this last condition, the horizontal MN modules located at the ends of the wall do not support a single pallet at their half length and extend beyond the partition. These unused parts of the horizontal modules are preferably cut off before or after the partition is laid and removed, leaving only the useful half of the horizontal module MH, as shown in the parsing in the installation example in FIG. 7.

In an embodiment, the horizontal MH modules of the first row 41 are fastened on a base 99, for example, by means of fastening elements on the base, such as screws or bolts not shown, possibly laying an intermediate layer of moisture protection, which can lead to the rapid destruction of elements sensitive to moisture.

In a second step, pallets 10 are mounted in a vertical position, as shown in FIG. 4 to form a first row 51 of pallets.

Each pallet 10 is laid with horizontal deck boards 14 and at least one horizontal MH module containing only two protrusions 24, so that a protrusion 24 of two different horizontal MH modules comes into each of the two holes 171 of the long side of the pallet.

After laying all the pallets of the first row 51 of pallets, their positions are ideally determined relative to the base 99 by fitting the protrusions 24 into the holes 171, which also provides at least the relative stability of the pallets during installation of the partition.

In a third step, horizontal MH modules are arranged on the free upper edge of the pallets of the first row to form a second row 42 of horizontal MH modules, as shown in FIG. 5.

The second row 42 of horizontal MH modules, of which in FIG. 5 shows only one, is mirrored relative to the first row 41, that is, with their second sides 22 and protrusions 24 directed downward, while these protrusions extend into holes 171 at the edges of the pallets, and each horizontal module spans two pallets.

This second row of 42 horizontal modules allows you to fasten together in the upper parts the pallets of the first row, already fastened in their lower parts, and the first sides 22 of these horizontal modules, facing up, form a surface for laying a new row of pallets on the first row.

In a fourth step, horizontal MH modules are positioned on a surface formed by the second row 42 to form a third row 43 of horizontal MH modules, as shown in FIG. 2.

This third row 43 is similar to the first row 41, while the horizontal MH modules are stacked with

- 9 035076 by their first sides 22, resting on the second row 42, and with protrusions 24 directed upward.

In addition, the horizontal modules MH of the third row 43 are mounted on the horizontal modules of the second row 42 in such a way as to avoid any movement, in particular slippage of the horizontal modules of the third row during and after the next steps of the method.

The horizontal modules of the third row can be fixed by any suitable means, in particular by means of fasteners, for example screws, or by gluing.

The horizontal modules of the third row can be fixed after laying the second row of horizontal modules. They can also be fixed before laying the second row 42 to obtain double horizontal modules installed as a single part.

In an embodiment, the horizontal MH modules comprise holes or rough holes 26 for accommodating screws, bolts, or other fasteners and provide simple and accurate positioning of two horizontal MH modules with one base on another base.

After this fourth step, for each row of pallets, the second, third and fourth steps are repeated, as shown in FIG. 2 to achieve the number of rows and the height required for the partition 100.

However, when the last row of pallets is stacked, it is not necessary to carry out the fourth step, which may be useless in the absence of a new row of pallets intended for stacking.

In FIG. 10 shows the result of a method for assembling two pallets located one above the other in a partition, a vertical sectional view between the inserts.

It should be noted that in accordance with the method of mounting pallets, they are also stacked in columns and, therefore, without displaced joints.

At the same time, the method of laying horizontal MH modules in rows 41, 42, 43 provides the joint offsets necessary for the stability of the wall being constructed.

In a fifth step, vertical MV modules are installed at the ends of the wall 100 with teeth 32 extending into the channels 181 of the pallets 10 or onto the rib 18 of the pallets, as shown in FIG. 5 and 2, or on the inner side 16 of the pallets, depending on the needs of the angular mounting of the pallets in the partition containing the angle, as shown in FIG. 6a and b.

It should be noted that in the case of an angular connection, the vertical modules MV of each of the partitions or the parts of the partition forming an angle are interconnected, for example, by screws or bolts in order to obtain a stable connection of the partitions.

Various configurations for the use of horizontal modules and vertical modules are presented in a parsing in the installation example in FIG. 7.

Preferably, each vertical module MV comprises holes or rough holes 36 in the base 31 for fastening the vertical modules to each other and on pallets by means of fasteners, for example screws, screwed into the inserts 12a, 12b of the pallets.

The use of standard vertical modules shown in the figures makes it easy to connect the partitions at a right angle either at the end of the partitions or at the junction of the partition with the middle part of another partition.

Connections can also be made at angles other than 90 ° by installing wedge pads during assembly of the vertical modules. This solution avoids the use of special vertical modules, which is still possible with values of very rarely used angles.

In the embodiment described above, with just two types of assembly modules, namely, the horizontal assembly module MH and the vertical assembly module MV, the supporting structure of the wall 100 being constructed is obtained.

At subsequent stages, auxiliary elements, such as water pipes or electric wires, can be laid in the thickness of the pallets at will.

It is noteworthy that the method of stacking pallets allows you to get horizontal channels 181, open on the side opposite to the deck boards 14, and combined along the entire length of the partition. This makes it possible to lay pipelines and ducts simply after mounting the frame, without using holes, except, possibly, at the ends of the wall.

The presence of through holes 25 of the horizontal MH modules allows vertical communication between the holes 171 of pallets located one above the other, which also allows pipelines, ducts or other devices to be laid in the vertical direction of the wall.

In corner joints, the limited size of the teeth relative to the depth of the channels 181, for example with dimensions in thickness Emv of the order of 50% of the specified depth of the channels, ensures the formation of free passages in the corners.

These free passages allow pipelines or ducts to be laid between the cornering walls. If necessary, in the teeth 32, cuts can be made to obtain larger passages.

The small size of the thickness Emv compared to the depth of the channels also leaves free passage when vertical modules are used in joints of line-aligned pallets, as shown in FIG. 7.

- 10 035076

If necessary, the internal space of the pallets is filled with heat-insulating and / or sound-insulating materials 52, for example, mineral wool, animal wool or plant fibers, and, as is known, facing panels are mounted on one or on each side of the wall both for decoration and to enhance stiffness and stability of the wall.

Cladding panels 50a, 50b are, for example, wood panels, laminated plywood or engineered wood panels, or gypsum panels. Together with the frame consisting of pallets, they form the wall structure.

It should be noted that some pallets can not be installed when they correspond to the openings provided in the wall, for example for doors or windows.

Another solution for obtaining openings, which is less complicated, since it does not depend on the size of the pallets, consists in installing a wall without an opening and cutting out the opening in the erected wall.

As discussed in the description of the vertical module MV, assembly modules and a method are also provided for mounting walls forming straight or indirect angles between themselves.

Thus, when a wall needs to be made, starting from a wall already erected using the claimed method, or from another existing wall, vertical MV modules are mounted on the wall already built, with which pallets of the wall being constructed are connected to them during installation.

If, for reasons of structural strength, insulation, or for other reasons, it is necessary to make thicker walls than walls obtained with pallets located next to each other in length and one above the other in height, you can create a wall whose frame consists of a thickness of two or more connected pallets, using the same method and the same means as for the detailed wall with a simple frame.

In FIG. 12a and b show, in vertical section, examples of walls erected with two pallets in thickness.

In this case, joints between the parallel structures formed by the pallet assemblies are preferably made. In an embodiment, such connections are made using keys 28 with dovetail spikes 28a that fit into grooves 27 in the form of a dovetail in horizontal MH modules and maintain a constant distance between opposing pallets, which can be essentially zero or non-zero, without the use of a tool, since the dovetail grooves 27 are already executed in horizontal modules by default.

The dowels 28 are installed when the horizontal MH modules are installed and held in place without movement by pallets located above said horizontal modules.

In an additional or alternative embodiment, some or all of the pallets facing each other are connected using fasteners, such as screws or bolts.

Two pallets 10 opposite each other in the partition frame can be turned with their inner sides 16 towards one side of the wall, as in the example shown in FIG. 12a.

In another embodiment shown in FIG. 12b, two opposite pallets are mirrored to two outer sides 15 facing each other.

According to this embodiment, the internal volumes of each pallet 10 are accessible for connecting opposing pallets with screws and remain accessible after the carcass has been completed and before the installation of the cladding panels 50a, 50b.

Taking into account the possibility of mounting all pallets in the same thickness before installing the pallets opposite to obtain a partition of two pallets in thickness, it is easy to place a thin film 55 between two thicknesses of the pallet, for example a vapor-tight film, or an air-tight film, or a reflector of thermal radiation, heat-insulating materials 52 and even pipelines 53 and technical boxes 54 in the internal volumes of the first assembled pallets before assembling other pallets.

In FIG. 15, a partial sectional view and an end view, shows another embodiment of the invention in the form of a reinforced shaft 60, the frame of which is mainly made in the form of an assembly containing two walls erected using pallets 10, as described above. In the reinforced shaft 60, the distance separating the two walls is supported by separation modules ME, fixing the separation distance Ds between two opposite pallets 10, with their inner sides facing each other and the volume formed between the two sienas contains solid aggregate 68.

The separation module ME, an example of which is shown in plan in FIG. 14, in a simple embodiment, is a rectangular panel 61, the horizontal edges 62 of which essentially define the separation distance Ds between two walls, in particular between pallets 10, which are opposed to each other in a reinforced shaft. Apart from the thickness of the deck boards, the separation distance Ds essentially corresponds to the thickness Er of the reinforced shaft.

The total height of the separation module ME corresponds to the length of the vertical edges 63 of said separation module.

It should be noted that arbitrary concepts of horizontal edges and vertical edges should be considered relative to the position of the separation module when it is in the frame of the reinforced shaft 60.

The overall height of the separation module ME, i.e. the length of the vertical edges 63, is substantially equal to half the width Hp of the pallet 10, preferably slightly less, in order to leave appropriate mounting clearances.

On each of the horizontal edges 62, the separation module ME also contains two cutouts 64. Each cutout 64 corresponds to a recess in the panel of the separation module, the edge of which, closest to the proximal vertical edge 63, is at a distance LC, essentially corresponding to the height of the hole 171 on the long side 17 of the pallet 10, and which forms an angled protrusion 65, the width of which corresponds to the distance LC, that is, in practice, essentially the width Bpr of the protruding end of the horizontal module MH.

Each cutout also has a width Ec and a height Hc defined so that an edge of the side support board 11 or half of the middle support board 11 can fit into it, that is, the width Ec slightly exceeds the thickness of the support board for the first insertion and the height Hc is at least is equal to the width of the side support board or half the width of the middle support board, with taking into account the largest of these two sizes.

As shown in FIG. 15, the separation module ME is in a vertical position perpendicular to the inner 16 or outer 15 sides of the opposing pallets 10, and the support boards 11 of each of the two pallets extend into the cutouts 64 so that both pallets cannot move away from each other nor get close.

As also shown in FIG. 15, two separation modules ME arranged one above the other, maintain a gap between two opposing pallets, one at the bottom of the pallets and the other at the top.

Preferably, the separation modules ME are arranged at each end of the pallets in a support position on the ribs of the side support boards and on the inserts in such a way as to ensure the strength and stability of the reinforced shaft, in particular when solid aggregate 68 is poured between the walls.

The use of separation modules ME, the height of which is essentially equal to half the height of the pallet 10, allows you to enter these separation modules when the pallets are stacked on top of each other to form the frame of the reinforced shaft.

The ME separation module can be made of any material having the required stiffness and mechanical strength. For example, the separation module is cut out of multilayer plywood of sufficient thickness, while the standard thickness of 14 or 16 mm showed sufficient strength, and from the corresponding grade of plywood to ensure moisture resistance, if necessary.

For pallets meeting the EPAL standard, the characteristic dimensions of the ME separation module are, for example, 399 mm in height with Hc = 105 mm, Ec = 25 mm and Lc = 75 mm. The width of the separation module ME determines the thickness of the reinforced shaft 60, and therefore it is selected depending on the indicated required thickness of the reinforced shaft.

When it is required to erect a reinforced shaft 60, the walls are assembled, as described above, with a separation distance provided for the required thickness of said reinforced shaft. Preferably, both walls are assembled in concert to install the separation modules as soon as possible, that is, as soon as two pallets are mounted against each other in the reinforced shaft.

In practice, taking into account its size, the separation module ME is introduced at an angle between two pallets, then temporarily placed flat, essentially horizontally on the lower supporting boards with which it must be connected, and finally lifted to a vertical position by movement, during which the supporting boards 11 extend into the lower and upper cutouts 64. In this case, it can be noted that the symmetry of the cutouts is not strictly necessary, but it avoids the forced installation direction of the separation module ME. After that, the essentially vertical dividing module ME is slidably moved to the desired place, for example, in the abutment position in the edge of the support board.

In an embodiment, each separation module ME, after being put in place, is mounted on a pallet 10, for example by means of screws, so that said separation module cannot fall off during further installation.

Thus, it is possible to erect the reinforced shaft 60 row after row 51 until the required height of the reinforced shaft is obtained.

It should be noted that, if it is generally sufficient to install MN separation modules at the ends of pallets, a person skilled in the art who seeks to obtain additional strength has the opportunity to place other separation modules between the ends of the pallets.

The remaining free space between the two walls can then be filled with solid aggregate 68. Preferably, the filling is carried out gradually as the rows of pallets 51 are put in place and, at least partially, before the row of pallets is laid on the row already in place.

The placeholder can be any, depending on the task.

For example, the filling is carried out using stones, sand, soil or any natural material or construction debris that may be near the construction site of the fortified

- 12 035076 shaft. In this case, only the elements forming the wall structure are delivered to the place. This situation is of particular interest when a protective reinforced shaft needs to be erected quickly and at low cost, for example, to protect a temporary camp, for example, for a protective dam.

Filling is carried out, for example, using a material or mixture of materials having sound attenuation properties, for the construction of a soundproof wall, the mixture may contain recyclable materials, such as fragments of pneumatic tires.

From the detailed description of the embodiment and the use of assembly modules for wall erection, it is understood that the shapes of the modules can be varied without going beyond the scope of the present invention, provided that these shapes provide fastening of the connected pallets located next to each other in rows or one above the other, by going over protrusions or teeth on the sides of the pallets.

For example, the protrusions 24 of the horizontal modules MN or the teeth of the vertical modules MV can have a slightly conical shape, at least in the direction of the free end of the protrusion or tooth, in order to facilitate their insertion into the hole 171 or into the channel 181 of the pallet.

You can also provide other forms of protrusions or teeth, if only the protrusion or tooth enters without a gap or excessive force in the holes 171 or channels 181 and if this ensures the locking of the pallet 10 after it is put in place.

For example, the protrusion 24 may be formed by two cylindrical or conical spaced apart protruding elements 241, as shown in FIG. 11 having a square (detailed view (a)) or rectangular (detailed view (b)) section or any other shape providing the same effect, while both protruding elements in practice form the ends of the protrusion in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the contour of which is shown in pad 21 in FIG. 11 in the form of a dashed rectangle.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, a through hole 25 is made in the area 21 between the protruding elements 241.

The assembly modules described in detail above correspond to the smallest length necessary to ensure the assembly of pallets of one model in accordance with the claimed method.

At the same time, assembly modules with a length that is a multiple of the length of the presented modules, for example double modules, can be used to achieve a similar result with pallet models similar to pallets complying with the EPAL standard.

The horizontal and vertical modules can also have other shapes and sizes for their adaptation to pallets of a different design, for example, with the number of support boards more than three and, for example, with the number of crossbars more than four, and these differences lead to the need to change the number of inserts, holes or channels of the pallet.

This choice allows you to use a smaller number of assembly modules to obtain a partition frame, but, on the other hand, loading and unloading operations can be more time-consuming, in particular, for one worker, and there is a risk of material loss, unless different lengths of assembly modules are combined.

It is also possible to execute horizontal modules equivalent to the horizontal MH modules described above and joined by their first sides 22 to provide a connection between pallets stacked on top of each other.

In this case, we are talking about the third model of the module.

The shapes of the ends of the assembly modules may also be different.

Preferably, these shapes are selected so as to facilitate accurate alignment of the assembly modules.

In the described embodiment of the horizontal module MN, the shape of the ends is performed with straight spikes and grooves to partially overlap two horizontal modules or two vertical modules located next to each other, but keeping both ends of the horizontal module or vertical module similar in order to avoid installation difficulties due to the priority orientation of the specified horizontal module.

At the same time, it is possible to envisage other forms that observe or do not observe this condition of reversibility.

So, the ends of the modules can be simply straight, without a spike and groove.

The ends may contain spikes and grooves of a different shape, different from that described, but being complementary, in order to provide connection in the groove of the ends of the modules.

The separation module ME may also have a shape other than that shown in FIG. 14, if only it provides the function of maintaining the required gap between pallets, which are opposite each other in a reinforced shaft.

In particular, the outer corners of the separation module can be cut, for example, at 45 ° to facilitate installation in place of the separation module.

For the same reason, the outgoing ends of the cutouts 64 can be expanded.

The separation module ME may also contain recesses, for example to facilitate the specified

- 13 035076 separation module, unless such recesses do not reduce the required module strength.

Attention should be paid to the dimensions and expressions denoting angular values, in particular vertical, horizontal and perpendicular, and one skilled in the art will understand that they do not belong to the mechanical domain of accuracy and that they should be interpreted with respect to sufficient accuracy and gaps, necessary for the assembly of completed designs.

Thus, thanks to the invention, frameworks for partitions, walls and reinforced shafts and, in general, for any assembly of pallets containing such frameworks, and partitions, walls, reinforced shafts and assemblies are mainly made of already profiled and widespread material that is not specifically manufactured for construction buildings.

This material has a low market value and can be easily assembled, mainly using two models of assembly modules and, if necessary, a separation module, which provides all the necessary frame joints.

The weight of a standard pallet allows one worker to perform the necessary operations with this pallet and quickly form partitions and other walls of a large area.

Claims (22)

CLAIM 1. The horizontal module (MN), designed for fastening between themselves loading pallets (10) located vertically next to each other and on top of each other to form the frame of the wall (100), with each pallet (10) containing at least three supporting boards (11) oriented along the length (Lp) of said pallet and forming the inner side (16) of said pallet; at least three cross-beams (13) oriented along the width (Hp) of said pallet, perpendicular to the supporting boards (11) and located at a constant or substantially constant distance from said supporting boards using inserts (12a, 12b), one insert on each backing board; deck boards (14), resting on the cross members (13) parallel to the supporting boards (11) and forming the outer side (15) of the specified pallet, characterized in that the said horizontal module (MN) contains the platform (21), essentially in the form of a rectangular a parallelepiped having a first side (22) and a second side (23) parallel to said first side, spaced apart by the thickness (Hpl) of the platform, and having a length substantially equal to or greater than the length (Lp) of the pallet, and the width (lmh) less than the height (Ep) of the pallet; at least two protrusions (24) rigidly connected to the second side (23), each protrusion having a length (Apr) substantially equal to the distance between two adjacent inserts (12a) of the same pallet support board (11) (10) and a width (Bpr) substantially equal to the height enclosed between the deck board (14) and the support board (11) of the pallet; the distance separating the two protrusions (24) is essentially equal to the double size of the side insert (12a) of the pallet (10), measured in the direction of passage of the deck boards (14). 2. The horizontal module according to claim 1, in which all or part of the protrusions (24) contain at least one through hole (25) passing through the specified horizontal module (MN). 3. The horizontal module according to claim 1 or 2, in which the dimensions of the protrusions (24) in height (Hpr) are from 5 mm to the width of the support board (11), preferably from 5 mm to 50% of the width of the support board. 4. The horizontal module according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the platform (21) contains the protrusions (24) on each of its first and second sides. 5. The horizontal module according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which each end of the specified horizontal module contains a node with a spike (29) and a groove (29 ') to provide connection into the groove of two horizontal modules located in a line. 6. The horizontal module according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the platform (21) contains between two adjacent protrusions (24) at least one blocking groove (27), that is, a groove whose shape provides retention of the tenon of the corresponding shape. 7. The horizontal module according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the platform (21) contains holes or rough holes (26) for placing the platform mounts with pallets and / or with another platform of the horizontal module. 8. The wall (100) containing the frame, mainly formed by cargo pallets (10), connected in vertical positions next to each other and one above the other using at least one horizontal module (MN) according to one of claims 1 to 7 wherein each pallet (10) comprises at least three support boards (11) oriented along the length (Lp) of the long side (17) of said pallet and forming an inner side (16) of said pallet; at least three cross-beams (13) oriented along the width (Нр) of the short lateral side (18) of the said pallet, perpendicular to the supporting boards (11) and held constant - 14 035076 or a substantially constant distance from said support boards with the help of inserts (12a, 12b), one insert for each support board; deck boards (14) resting on the cross members (13) parallel to the supporting boards (11) and forming the outer side (15) of said pallet; wherein the pallets (10) are connected with the essentially vertical position of the inner sides (16) and the outer sides (15), while this wall is characterized in that two adjacent pallets (10) of the same row (51) are fastened with each other by at least one horizontal assembly module (MN) interacting on the long side (17) of each of the indicated pallets located next to each other by means of protrusions (24) rigidly connected to the base (21) of the specified horizontal module and interacting with holes (171) made on the long sides (17) of each of these pallets between two successive inserts on the deck board (14) and the support board (11). 9. The wall of claim 8, in which the pallets (10), vertically arranged one above the other, are fastened together by at least one vertical assembly module (MV) interacting on the short lateral side (18) of each of the above-mentioned one above the other pallets with teeth (32) rigidly connected to the base (31) of the specified vertical module and interacting with channels (181) facing the short sides (18) of each of these pallets between two successive inserts rigidly connected to the cross member (13) . 10. The wall according to claim 9, in which the horizontal modules (MN) are made according to one of claims 1 to 7. 11. A wall according to any one of claims 8 to 10, in which the thickness of the frame contains at least two pallets, at least two opposite pallets located opposite each other with the outer sides facing each other (15). 12. The wall according to one of claims 8 to 11, containing in the thickness of the pallets (10) forming the frame of the specified wall, duct, and / or pipelines, and / or insulating materials. 13. A wall according to one of claims 8-12, comprising at least one visible side of the frame a panel or panels (50a, 50b) mounted on pallets (10). 14. The wall of claim 8, additionally containing a vertical module (MV), designed for fastening between themselves loading pallets (10) connected in vertical positions next to each other and on top of each other using at least one horizontal module (MN) to form a wall frame (100), each pallet (10) containing at least three support boards (11) oriented along the length (Lp) of the specified pallet and forming the inner side (16) of the specified pallet; at least three cross-beams (13) oriented along the width (Нр) of said pallet, perpendicular to the supporting boards (11) and held at a constant or substantially constant distance from said supporting boards using inserts (12a, 12b), one insert on each base plate; deck boards (14) resting on the cross members (13) parallel to the supporting boards (11) and forming the outer side (15) of said pallet; wherein the pallets (10) are connected with the essentially vertical position of the inner sides (16) and the outer sides (15), characterized in that the vertical module (MV) contains a base (31) with a width (Emv) less than the height of the channel (181 ) made in the height (Ep) of the pallet, while the height of the specified channel corresponds to the height (Ep) minus the thickness of the beam (13) and the thickness of the deck board (14), and the height (Hmv) between the first end (311) and the second end ( 312) said vertical module substantially at least 1.5 times the width (Hp) of a pallet increased by the total thickness (Hpl) of the pads (21) inserted between two stacked pallets (10) in a vertical assembly; at least three teeth (32) rigidly connected to the base (31) on the same side of said base, each tooth (32) having a width equal to the width (Emv) of the base (31) and having a height (Hc ) in the longitudinal direction of the vertical module (MV), substantially equal to the distance between two adjacent inserts (12a, 12b) on the same cross member (13) of the pallet (10); the space between the tooth (32) closest to the first end (311) and said first end has a height (Hdla) less than or equal to the size of the side insert (12a) of the pallet in the direction of passage of the cross member (13); wherein the space between two teeth (32) intended to frame the middle insert (12b) of the pallet has a height (Hdlb) substantially equal to the size of said middle insert (12b) of the pallet in the direction of passage of the cross member (13); the space between two teeth (32), intended to frame the connection of two pallets located one above the other in a vertical assembly, has a height essentially equal to the double size of the side insert (12a) of the pallet in the direction of passage of the cross member (13), increased by double thickness (Hpl) of the pads (21) inserted between the two pallets (10) located one above the other. 15. The wall of claim 8, in which the width (Emv) of the tooth (32) is from 30 to 80% of the channel depth (181) - 15 035076 pallets, while the height (Hc) of the tooth (32) is less than or equal to the depth of the channel (181) of the pallet. 16. The wall of claim 8 or 9, in which the base (31) contains holes or rough holes (36) for placing the fasteners of the specified base with pallets and / or with another base of the vertical module. 17. A reinforced shaft (60) containing at least two walls (100) according to one of claims 8-16, in which both walls are located essentially parallel to the inner sides (16) of the pallets (10) opposite these facing each other walls against each other, while the distance (Ds) separating the two pallets opposite each other is kept at the selected value using at least one separation module (ME), made in the form of a panel (61) containing cutouts (64) formed in the specified separation module with the ability to go into the support boards (11) of the indicated opposite pallets in the position of the specified separation module, essentially vertical and essentially perpendicular to the inner sides (16) of these pallets. 18. The reinforced shaft according to claim 17, in which two opposing pallets are held at a distance from each other using four separation modules (ME), grouped in two, located on top of each other separation modules at each end of these opposed pallets. 19. A reinforced shaft according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the volume formed between the two walls is at least partially filled with filler (68). 20. The method of assembling the wall (100) according to one of claims 8-16, comprising a frame with pallets (10) fastened together by horizontal modules (MN) and vertical modules (MV), wherein the method comprises the following steps: lay on the basis of horizontal modules (MN) in place of the assembled partitions with protrusions (24) directed upwards; the first row of pallets is placed on said horizontal modules laid on the basis of the deck, the deck boards (14) are horizontal and the protrusions extend into the holes (171) of the pallets so that the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the row, all time was between two protrusions of the same horizontal module. 21. The assembly method according to claim 20, in which the frame of the wall (100) contains at least one second row of pallets located above the first row, and which contains the following steps, which hold the pallets of the lower row together in their upper parts using horizontal modules (MN), the protrusions (24) of which are directed downwards and go into the holes (171) of the pallets, so that the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the vertical edge of the pallet adjacent to the row is always between two protrusions of the same horizontal module; fasten on each of the horizontal modules, the protrusions of which are directed to the bottom of the modules, a horizontal module with the protrusions (24) directed upwards; at least one second row of pallets are stacked on said vertical modules with protrusions pointing upward, with pallets stacked with horizontal deck boards (14) and with protrusions extending into the openings (171) of the pallets, and so that the pallets are arranged in columns ; vertical modules (MV) are placed at the ends of the frame with teeth (32) of the indicated vertical modules entering the channels (181) oriented along the width (Lp) of the pallets. 22. The assembly method according to claim 20 or 21, in which the fasteners are installed during assembly to fix the horizontal and / or vertical modules on the pallets (10) of the frame or fasten them together.