EA034413B1 - Method and device for feeding harvested crop material for baling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in hay-making machines and systems, preferably round balers. Proposed is a method for feeding harvested crop material, in which a layer of crop material is fed along an ascending trajectory from a pick-up point to a point situated beyond the highest point (H, H1) of the trajectory (L, L1) of the path of the free ends of resilient tines (4, 15, 23), wherein the feed trajectory of the layer is set so that it passes beyond the highest point (H, H1) of the trajectory (L, L1) of the path of the free ends of the resilient tines as said free ends continue their movement along a radial path, wherein the linear feed rate of the layer is kept constant across the entire feed trajectory. Also proposed is a corresponding device configured in the form of a drum-type baler which additionally contains a plurality of vertically oriented guide fins (6, 17) arranged in pairs with gaps (8, 19) therebetween for the free passage of a plurality of tines (4, 15, 23) and projecting above the highest point (H, H1) of the path of the tines (4, 15, 23). The guide fins (6, 17) are rigidly connected with an additional driven shaft (7, 18) rotatable parallel to the shaft (2, 13) of the baler device and placed beyond said shaft. The projection highness (h, h1) of the guide fins (6, 17) at least in the zone of passage of the tines (4, 15, 23) is selected to be increasing. The method and device provide conditions for the easy and unhampered transfer of a layer of crop material formed from the tines, ensuring the high quality of said layer, and also substantially simplifying the design of the pick-up device and significantly extending its maintenance-free life, which is limited only by the lifespan of the bearings.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices with working elements such as resilient teeth, including bristle elements or spring teeth / fingers, for selecting mowed plant mass with formation of a formation and moving the formed formation to pressing in a standard, commonly used chamber and can be used in haymaking machines and complexes, especially in round balers.

Sorters are a separate functional unit, which is part of various agricultural machinery and equipment, and are designed to perform the first of a number of technological operations related to the selection of mowed plant mass and its movement for further processing, for example, the formation of rolls, etc. Not only the quality of selection / harvesting of the mown crop mass, but also the effectiveness of the subsequent technological operations, as well as the characteristics of the finished product, largely depend on the quality of this operation. So, the formation at this stage of the formation of uniform density over its entire area will contribute to achieving uniform density throughout the volume of the roll formed in subsequent stages.

In general, in accordance with the traditional methods of moving the mowed plant mass to pressing with bale formation, the mowed plant mass is selected by means of a pick-up with a pick-up device with working elements, usually, such as spring teeth with formation of a layer, moving the formed layer by means of teeth, and removing the layer from teeth and its submission to pressing.

Traditionally, in such pick-ups, to ensure unimpeded removal of the formed layer of plant mass from the teeth of the picking device, complex mechanisms are used that change the position of the teeth to lower the layer by lowering and turning them. The design of such a pick-up is significantly complicated by the presence of a large number of various structural elements of special design, the operation of which requires coordination, which significantly reduces reliability, increases the complexity of manufacturing and affects the maintainability of the pick-up as a whole.

So, a drum-type pick-up is known, in which discs are mounted on the shaft, in which the shanks of the holders with spring teeth are planted [1]. The holders along with the teeth, rotating with the discs around the shaft, simultaneously rotate at a certain angle along with the rake. This is achieved by the fact that on the right side on the shanks of the holder protruding from the disk, cranks with rollers are strengthened. When the shaft rotates, the rollers roll along the figured path of another disk, forcing them to rotate to some angle of the holder with teeth. The curvature of the track is designed so that during the capture of hay, the teeth move approximately in a circle, and at the time of transfer of hay to the receiving chamber, they rotate around the axis of the tool holder and lower. Such a complex movement ensures a smooth exit of the teeth from the hay mass, ensuring its guaranteed and uniform advance into the pressing chamber. However, to ensure such a complex movement requires a significant complication of the design of the pick-up, which, as mentioned above, leads to a deterioration in the operational characteristics of the pick-up as a whole.

Known solutions are also known in which there are no complicated rake control mechanisms. So, the picker with unmanaged rake EasyFlow, the German company Krone [2], which works without a complex rake control mechanism, is known. The EasyFlow pick-up, in comparison with the pick-ups of standard designs, contains a wave-like galvanized scraper, which provides a continuous flow of the harvested mass when immersing the teeth. The immersion of the teeth in wave-shaped scrapers occurs at right angles, and, thus, there is no pinching of the selected material and the continuity and uniformity of the formed plant mass is ensured. Due to its simplicity of design, the EasyFlow pick-up has significantly fewer moving parts and works more smoothly, and low wear ensures a reduction in maintenance costs. In comparison with traditional systems, due to the elimination of complex rake control mechanisms in EasyFlow, it is possible to increase the number of shaft revolutions by 30%, and, accordingly, productivity. However, in this pick-up, wave-shaped scrapers are motionless, which leads to a braking of the plant mass web after removal from the teeth. Moreover, the different speed of movement of the web of vegetation in different parts of the trajectory of its movement leads to a decrease in the uniformity of its density and, thereby, to a deterioration in the quality of the formed web. In addition, wave-like scrapers are located substantially lower than the upper half of the trajectory of movement of the free ends of the spring teeth, which, together with the wave-like form of execution of the scrapers, determines the wave-like trajectory of the formation with alternating ridges and depressions. This form of the trajectory of the bed of the plant mass, especially in combination with the different speed of the bed at different parts of the trajectory, can also negatively affect the quality of the bed.

At the same time, this picker, as well as the method for moving the crop crop to compression, implemented with its help, can be adopted as prototypes for the inventive method and device for moving the crop crop to compression using the set of common technical features.

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The analysis of the prior art showed that at present there are no simple and effective solutions for the design of pick-ups, providing unhindered removal of plant mass from the teeth of the pick-up device without changing the path of the teeth themselves. Since elastic teeth in the form of spring teeth are traditionally used in pick-up devices, all known solutions are aimed at optimizing the control mechanism of the path of movement of spring teeth, which leads to further complication of the design with a slight achieved effect.

Thus, the object of the invention is to develop a method for moving the mown crop to pressing and devices of the corresponding design. The method should provide the opportunity to significantly simplify the design of the device and increase the efficiency of its operation while improving the quality of the formed mass of the plant mass transferred to pressing. The method and device should also provide a mode of simple and unhindered removal of the formed layer of plant mass from the teeth without compromising its quality.

The problem is solved by the claimed method of moving the mowed plant mass for pressing with the formation of a bale, including the selection of the mown plant mass by means of a pick-up with a drum-type pick-up device with working elements such as elastic teeth with formation of the formation, moving the formed formation by means of teeth, removing the formation from the teeth and feeding it for pressing. The problem is solved due to the fact that the movement of the formation is carried out along a path ascending from the selection point to the point located beyond the highest point of the trajectory of movement of the free ends of the teeth, while the path of the formation of the formation is set so that it passes above the highest point of the trajectory of movement of the free ends teeth, providing unobstructed spontaneous removal of the formation from the teeth while maintaining a radial trajectory of movement of their free ends, and the linear speed of movement the formation is maintained constant throughout the trajectory of its movement.

In the inventive method, the approach to organizing and controlling the extraction process is completely changed, since, as it was established by the author, it was much easier to organize a change in the trajectory of the movement of the formation compared with a change in the trajectory of the movement of the teeth. Moreover, the transportation process becomes even more efficient. A positive effect on the quality of the formed formation is also exerted by the constancy of the speed of movement of the formation along the entire trajectory of its movement, which ensures a uniform supply of plant mass for pressing.

In preferred forms of implementing the proposed method, the formation is removed on movable guide elements located along the trajectory of the formation. At the same time, a predetermined change in the formation trajectory can be easily ensured due to the correct choice of the installation position of the movable guiding elements, on which the formed web of plant mass will come upon contact with the teeth.

The problem is also solved by the claimed device for moving the mown crop to pressing with the formation of a bale, made in the form of a drum-type picker for agricultural machinery, consisting of a frame with sidewalls and a pick-up device made in the form of a shaft connected to the drive and mounted in the frame with rotation around a horizontal axis, with many working elements such as elastic teeth, rigidly fixed to the shaft by means of a corresponding set of holders. The problem is solved due to the fact that the inventive device further comprises a plurality of guide elements in the form of vertically oriented plates, rigidly connected with an additional shaft connected to the drive mounted in the frame with the possibility of rotation parallel to the shaft of the picking device and located behind the specified shaft, so that the guide plates pairwise form gaps for the free passage of the plurality of teeth located in the respective annular zones of the shaft, and protrude on d the highest point of the trajectory of movement of the teeth, while the magnitude of the protrusion of the guide plates, at least in the zone of passage of the teeth selected increasing.

In fact, vertically oriented plates mounted on a rotating additional shaft perform the same function on the corresponding section of the formation trajectory as elastic teeth move the formed layer. At the same time, the transfer of the function occurs smoothly, without changing the speed of the formation movement due to the consistency of rotation of the shaft of the picking device and the additional shaft, which has a forced drive from a common drive sprocket, and also due to the fact that the guide plates protrude above the highest point of the path of the teeth.

In preferred forms of implementation of the inventive device, the elastic teeth can be made in the form of traditional spring teeth. However, in the claimed design there is no need for complex mechanisms for controlling the path of the teeth, in particular in the zone of removal of the reservoir, because it is transmitted smoothly and without problems directly from the teeth to the guiding elements rotating at an appropriate speed.

In alternative preferred forms of implementation, since the need to control the trajectory of the movement of the elastic tooth is eliminated, the elastic teeth can be bristle-like fibers, in particular polypropylene pile, made integral with the disk. Moreover, a plurality of disks performing the function of holders are mounted on the shaft at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction of the shaft axis.

In also preferred embodiments, the guide plates may be in the form of guide discs. Moreover, in various particular preferred forms of implementing the inventive device, the edge of the guide discs can be made smooth or has a complex profile. Taking into account that the guide discs should not take up any high loads, but are intended only for lifting the plant mass above the teeth, they can be made of inexpensive materials, for example suitable plastics, which will simultaneously reduce the metal consumption and lighten the weight and reduce the cost devices.

To ensure a predetermined trajectory of movement of the plant mass, stationary guiding elements are installed on the pick-up in the form of ribbons enveloping the shaft of the picking device, located with a rise in the direction of the guide discs and passing between the pairs of guide discs.

The above-mentioned and other advantages and advantages of the inventive method and device for moving the mowed plant mass to pressing will be considered later on as an example of some preferred, but not limiting forms of their implementation with reference to the positions of the figures of the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a general view of the claimed picking device in one of the forms of implementation;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the movement of a bed of a plant mass for the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a general view of the claimed picking device in one of the forms of implementation;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the movement of a bed of a plant mass for the device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a general view of elastic teeth in one of the possible preferred forms of implementation.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a General view of the inventive device for moving the mowed crop for pressing with the formation of a bale in one of the forms of implementation, and in FIG. 2 scheme of the movement of the reservoir of plant mass for this device. The device is made in the form of a drum type picker for agricultural machinery, consisting of a frame with sidewalls 1 and a pick-up device made in the form of a shaft 2 connected to a drive (not shown in the drawings) and installed in the frame with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis 3 (see Fig. 2). A plurality of working elements of the type of spring teeth 4 are connected to the shaft 2, which are rigidly fixed to the shaft 2 by means of a corresponding set of holders, in the presented implementation form, made in the form of discs 5. The device also contains many guiding elements in the form of vertically oriented plates, in the presented implementation form made in the form of guide discs 6. Guide discs 6 are rigidly connected to the additional shaft 7, which, in turn, is connected to the same drive (not shown in the drawings), which the main shaft 2 of the selecting device. The additional shaft 7 is mounted in the frame rotatably parallel to the shaft 2 of the picking device and is located behind the specified shaft. The guide discs 6 ', 6 in pairs form gaps 8 for free passage of the sets of teeth 4 located in the corresponding annular zones of the shaft 2 and protrude above the highest point H (see Fig. 2) of the trajectory L of the teeth 4. The protrusion h of the guide plates 6 in the zone of passage of the teeth 4 is selected increasing (see Fig. 2). The edge 9 of the guide discs 6 in this embodiment is smooth. Between the annular zones 10 of the shaft 2, on which the teeth 4 are mounted, stationary guiding elements are installed in the form of envelopes of the pick-up device of the belts 11 located with a rise in the direction of the guide discs 6 and passing between the pairs of guide discs 6 ', 6. In FIG. 2, the circular path of movement of the teeth 4 is indicated by the dash-dotted line Z, and the lower current of the path of circular movement of the teeth of 4 is indicated by B. Position M schematically indicates the formed layer of the plant mass. In FIG. 3 schematically shows a General view of the inventive device for moving the mowed crop for pressing with the formation of a bale in another form of implementation, and in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the movement of the reservoir of plant mass for this device. The device is made in the form of a drum-type pick-up for agricultural machinery, consisting of a frame with sidewalls 12 and a pick-up device made in the form of a shaft 13 connected to a drive (not shown in the drawings) and installed in the frame with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis 14 (see Fig. 4). A plurality of working elements, such as spring teeth 15, are connected to the shaft 13, which are rigidly fixed to the shaft 13 by means of a corresponding plurality of holders, in the presented implementation form, made in the form of disks 16. The device also contains many guiding elements in the form of vertically oriented plates, in the presented implementation form made in the form of guide discs 17. The guide discs 17 are rigidly connected to the additional shaft 18, which, in turn, is connected to the same drive (not shown in the drawings), and the main shaft 13 of the selecting device. The additional shaft 18 is mounted in the frame rotatably parallel to the shaft 13 of the picking device and is located behind the specified shaft. The guide disks 17 ', 17 in pairs form clearances 19 for the free passage of a plurality of teeth 15 located in the corresponding annular zones of the shaft 13 and protrude above the highest point H1 (see Fig. 4) of the trajectory L1 of the teeth 15. The protrusion h1 of the guide plates 17 in the zone of passage of the teeth 15 is selected increasing (see Fig. 4). The edge 20 of the guide discs 17 in this embodiment has a complex profile with trapezoidal projections alternating with radial sections. Between the annular zones 21 of the shaft 13, on which the teeth 15 are mounted, stationary guide elements are installed in the form of envelopes of the pick-up device of the belts 22 located with a rise in the direction of the guide disks 17 and passing between the pairs of guide disks 17 ', 17. FIG. 4, the circular path of movement of the teeth 15 is indicated by the dash-dotted line Z1, and the lower current path of the circular path of movement of the teeth 15 is indicated by B1. The position M1 schematically indicates the formation of the plant mass.

In FIG. 5 schematically shows a General view of elastic teeth made in the form of bristle-like fibers 23 (for example, polypropylene pile), made integral with the disk 24.

The inventive method of moving the mown crop to pressing with the formation of a bale are implemented using the inventive device as follows.

The selection of the mowed plant mass is carried out by means of a drum-type pick-up device, a drum-type pick-up for agricultural machinery, consisting of a frame with sidewalls 1 (12) and a pick-up device containing a shaft 2 (13) connected to the drive (not shown in the drawings) and installed in frame with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis 3 (14). A plurality of spring teeth 4 (15) (or, alternatively, disks 24 with bristle-like fibers 23), which are rigidly fixed to a shaft 2 (13) rotating around a horizontal axis 3 (14) by means of a corresponding plurality of disks 5 (16), passing through a lower point B (B1) (the pick point) of their trajectory of movement Z (Z1), capture the mown crop and, on the ascending branch of their trajectory of movement Z (Z1), begin its movement along the trajectory L (L1), in a way that is practically traditional for all pick-ups. The movement of the formation M (M1) is carried out along the trajectory L (L1), ascending from the point of selection B (B1) to the point located beyond the highest point H (H1) of the trajectory Z (Z1) of movement of the free ends of the spring teeth 4 (15). In this case, the trajectory L (L1) of the movement of the formation M (M1) is set in such a way that it passes above the highest point H (H1) of the trajectory Z (Z1) of the movement of the free ends of the spring teeth 4 (15), providing uninterrupted spontaneous removal of the formation M (M1 ) with spring teeth 4 (15) while maintaining the radial trajectory Z (Z1) of movement of their free ends. This is achieved due to the fact that the device has many vertically oriented guide discs 6 (17), which are rigidly connected to the additional shaft 7 (18), which is located behind the main shaft 2 (13) and, in turn, is connected with the same drive (not shown in the drawings), as the main shaft 2 (13) of the selection device. An additional shaft 7 (18) is installed behind the main shaft 2 (13) so that the guide plates 6 (17) protrude above the highest point H (H1) of the path L (L1) of the movement of the teeth 4 (15, 23). The magnitude of the protrusion h (h1) of the guide plates 6 (17) in the zone of passage of the teeth 4 (15, 23) increases (circular arc). The additional shaft 7 (18), rotating at a speed consistent with the speed of rotation of the shaft 2 (13), rotates the guide discs 6 (17), which, protruding above the highest point H (H1) of the trajectory L (L1) of the teeth 4 (( 15), take the layer M (M1) of plant mass from the teeth 4 (15, 23) and with the same constant linear speed continue its movement along a given path L (L1). In fact, the transfer (removal) of the formation M (M1) from the teeth 4 (15, 23) is carried out in the zone of the highest currents H (H1) of the trajectory Z (Z1) of movement of the free ends of the spring teeth 4 (15) or the free ends of the bristle-like fibers 23, which the reservoir M (M1) continues to move along the ascending section of the trajectory L (L1) defined by the guide discs 6 (17). The edge 9 (20) of the guide discs 6 (17) is either smooth (9) or has a complex profile. After the formation M (M1) is transferred from the teeth 4 (15, 23), the teeth 4 (15, 23) continue to move freely along the descending branch of the circular path Z (Z1), freely passing through the corresponding gaps 8 (19) formed by pairs of guide discs 6 ', 6 (17', 17) and located in the respective annular zones 10 (21) of the shaft 2 (13). Between the annular zones 10 (21) of the shaft 2 (13) with a rise in the direction of the guide discs 6 (17), stationary guide tapes 11 (22) are installed, enveloping the pick-up device shaft 2 (13) and passing between the pairs of guide discs 6 ', 6 ( 17 ', 17) above the additional shaft 7 (18). Tapes 11 (22), in the General case, provide movement of the formation along a predetermined path, and also prevent the spillage of plant mass between the teeth 4 (15, 23) and the guide discs 6 (17).

The linear velocity of the formation M (M1) is kept constant along the entire trajectory L (L1) of its movement by matching the angular velocity of rotation of the shafts 2 (13) and 7 (8) driven from a common drive by any method known to those skilled in the art.

The above examples of the implementation of the proposed method and device for moving the mowed crop to compression with the formation of a bale do not limit the claimed claims, but only illustrate and confirm the possibility of simple, from a technical point of view, control the trajectory of the formation of the plant mass during its transportation for further processing, in particular into the pressing chamber. Moreover, the inventive method allows you to form a layer of vegetative mass of high quality and significantly simplify the design of the pick-up, eliminating nodes and parts from its composition that have low reliability and / or durability, which ensures trouble-free operation in normal mode, at least during the entire period of the cleaning company.

Sources of information.

1. The device of the main parts of the baler. Website LLC Newtekhagro Company. [Electronic resource] - April 23, 2015. - Access mode: http://www.shpagat-setka.ru/info/ustrojstvoosnovnjh_chas tej _press_podborshika. html

2. EasyFlow. The first pick-up with unmanaged tine racks mounted on a large bale baler. Special Technology website. [Electronic resource] - April 23, 2015. Access mode: http://www.tehperm.ru/krupnopakuyushchie-press-podborshchiki-big-pack/.

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. The method of moving the mowed plant mass for pressing with the formation of a bale, including selecting a mowed plant mass by means of a pick-up with a drum-type pick-up device with working elements such as elastic teeth with formation of the formation, moving the formed formation by means of teeth, removing the formation from the teeth and feeding it to the pressing characterized in that the movement of the formation is carried out along a path ascending from the selection point to a point located beyond the highest point of the trajectory of movement with the tooth ends, while the trajectory of the formation is set in such a way that it passes above the highest point of the trajectory of movement of the free ends of the teeth, providing unobstructed spontaneous removal of the formation from the teeth while maintaining the radial trajectory of movement of their free ends, and the linear velocity of the formation is maintained constant throughout trajectory of its movement. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal of the formation is carried out on movable guide elements located along the trajectory of movement of the formation. 3. The device for moving the mowed crop to pressing with the formation of a bale, made in the form of a drum type picker for agricultural machinery, consisting of a frame with sidewalls (1, 12) and a pick-up device made in the form of a shaft (2, 13) associated with the drive and installed in the frame with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis, with many working elements such as elastic teeth (4, 15, 23), rigidly fixed to the shaft (2, 13) by means of a corresponding set of holders, characterized in that Natively contains many guide elements in the form of vertically oriented plates (6, 17), rigidly connected with an additional shaft (7, 18) connected to the drive, mounted in the frame with the possibility of rotation parallel to the pick-up device shaft (2, 13) and located behind the specified shaft , so that the guide plates (6, 17) pairwise form gaps (8, 19) for the free passage of many teeth (4, 15, 23) located in the corresponding annular zones (10, 21) of the shaft (2, 13), and protrude above the highest point (H, H1) of the trajectory (L, L1 ) the movement of the teeth (4, 15, 23), while the value (h, h1) of the protrusion of the guide plates (6, 17), at least in the zone of passage of the teeth (4, 15, 23) is selected increasing. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic teeth are made in the form of spring teeth (4, 15). 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the holders are made in the form of mounted on the shaft (2, 13) at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction of the axis of the disk shaft (24), while the elastic teeth are made integral with the disk (24) and are bristle-like fibers (23), in particular polypropylene pile. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide plates are made in the form of guide discs (6, 17). 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the edge (9, 20) of the guide discs (6, 17) is made smooth or has a complex profile. 8. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that between the annular zones (10, 21) of the shaft (2, 13), on which the teeth are mounted (4, 15, 23), stationary guide elements are installed in the form of envelopes the shaft (2, 13) of the picking device of tapes (11, 22) located with a lift in the direction of the guide discs (6, 17) and passing between the pairs of guide discs (6 ', 6, 17', 17).