EA032026B1 - Individual rescue device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rescue technique and can be used to rescue unprepared people from a height on the external facade of the building, as well as to rescue people from buildings in the event of a crisis that cannot be reached by stationary escape routes in buildings. The technical result is to reduce friction of the rubbing parts of the drum, soften the starting motion of the drum, ensure a smooth start of rotation and sliding with further rotational movements of the drum, eliminate the involuntary locking of the drum, ensure reliability during braking, smooth descent, durability and cable failure. This is achieved by the fact that the device for lowering people using a suspension or bag contains a drum, a cable of which is connected to a suspension or bag for accommodating a person, a mechanism for braking a drum consisting of a body made of friction type and connected with a drum by a planetary mechanism with the possibility of providing regulation speed limit depending on the weight of the transported cargo, as well as those indicated in FIG. 1 outer box (2) with opening part (1), coil with cable (3), guide ring (5), brake mechanism (6), main bearing structure (7), axle (8) of satellite gear wheel (9), fastening bearing bar (11-12), mounting the axle to the carrier bar (13-14) and the axis itself (15), according to the invention, the drum is additionally provided with inserts made of steel with Teflon coating (10), and the inside of the braking mechanism (6) the drum is polished by high-precision surface treatment and contains fine friable friction material of a fraction in diameter n more than 0.4 mm. The outer device box assembly (4) is also shown in FIG. one.

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment and can be used to rescue unprepared people from a height along the external facade of the building, as well as to rescue people from buildings in a crisis situation, which are not available stationary escape routes in buildings.

Tall buildings have become an integral part of the urban landscape. Residents of the modern city work and live in multi-storey buildings, daily exposing their lives to numerous risks, such as fire, earthquake, explosion or terrorist attack. In order to reduce the consequences of such threats, various specialists and rescue services have been working for many years. Smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, fire and marching smoke-free staircases, smoke removal systems are far from a complete list of what can be found in any modern building. Unfortunately, in an emergency, these funds are not enough. The responsiveness of rescue services is also a big question. City traffic jams, access roads blocked by parked cars, minimize rescue opportunities. Moreover, modern fire escape is not designed to save above 10 floors. Therefore, after passive rescue equipment, experts from different countries began to develop active rescue equipment, which allows you to urgently leave a dangerous building on the outer wall in the event that the usual escape routes are inaccessible or blocked.

Similar rescue devices are known, containing a suspension, a cable, a cable drum with a hook and a brake mechanism, which is in the form of a flywheel (US 4088201), a mechanical brake (US 4190132), a gearbox (US 4253545), a hydraulic brake (RU 2205669 C2, 10.06. 2003), a magnetic brake (RU 2081639 C1, 06/20/1997) or an anchor mechanism (RU 2000110070 A, 02.20.2002).

The disadvantages of these analogues are structural complexity, large size and significant weight.

A device for the gravitational descent of people in extreme conditions, which contains a cable drum, a flexible supporting element (bearing cable), the inner end of which is fixed to the shaft of the cable drum, a hook for fixing the device on a reliable structure of the abandoned object, a belt and straps for fixing on the body of the rescued (suspension), a braking mechanism made in the form of concentrically mounted stator and rotor, the gap between which is filled with a viscous fluid substance, and a fixed housing. The brake mechanism is mounted on one shaft with a cable drum and is fixedly connected to the housing. The brake mechanism is equipped with a hydromechanical system for regulating the speed of descent of the rescued (RU 2209099 C1, 07.27.2003).

The disadvantages of this analogue are the high friction of the rubbing parts of the drum, the abrupt starting movements of the drum, the hard start of rotation and insufficient sliding during further rotational movements of the drum, the presence of involuntary locking of the drum, insufficient reliability during braking, hard descent, the fragility of the drum and instability to moisture, the probability of failure wire rope.

A device is known that has a number of sizes in accordance with the weight categories of the rescued, and also due to the fact that the rescue device comprising a housing installed in the housing with the possibility of rotation around its axis of a cable drum with a support cable, the inner end of which is fixed to the cable drum, reinforced at the outer end of the supporting cable, the suspension, the hook and the brake mechanism are characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a holder, the profile of which has the shape of a trapezoid, the smaller base of which is located part holder, and the brake mechanism is formed between the cooperating surfaces of a cable drum and the housing, on which are deposited coating respectively, made of material with a high coefficient of friction (RU 42758 U1, 20.12.2014 g).

The disadvantages of this analogue are the high friction of the rubbing parts of the drum, the abrupt starting movements of the drum, the hard start of rotation and insufficient sliding during further rotational movements of the drum, the presence of involuntary locking of the drum, insufficient reliability during braking, hard descent, the fragility of the drum and instability to moisture, the probability of failure wire rope.

A device for lowering people using a suspension or bag, selected as the closest analogue, containing a drum whose cable is connected to a suspension or bag to accommodate a person, a mechanism for braking a friction type drum connected to the drum by a planetary mechanism with the ability to provide speed control depending on the weight of the transported cargo, in which the mechanism for braking the drum consists of a housing, inside which friction granules are freely placed with the possibility interaction during the rotation of the drum with a fixed brake disc, while the suspension in the expanded form is made in the form of a triangle, on the tops of which there are power grips for connecting to the cable, and the bag on the open side is made with power grips for connecting to the cable (KZ 504 U, September 15, 2009).

The disadvantages of this analogue are the high friction of the friction parts of the drum, the abrupt starting movements of the drum, the hard start of rotation and insufficient sliding during further rotational movements of the drum, the presence of involuntary locking of the drum, insufficient reliability

- 1 032026 during braking, hard descent, fragility of the drum and instability to moisture, the likelihood of cable breakage.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a compact, structurally simple individual rescue device of a one-time action, providing a constant speed of descent of the saved person, regardless of his weight.

The technical result is to reduce the friction of the friction parts of the drum, soften the starting movement of the drum, ensure a smooth start of rotation and sliding during further rotational movements of the drum, eliminate involuntary locking of the drum, ensure reliability during braking, smooth descent, durability and moisture resistance of the drum, eliminate cable breakage.

This is achieved by the fact that the device for lowering people using a suspension or bag containing a drum, the cable of which is connected to a suspension or bag to accommodate a person, a mechanism for braking the drum, consisting of a housing made as a friction type mechanism and connected to the drum by a planetary mechanism with the ability to provide speed control depending on the weight of the transported cargo, according to the invention, the drum is additionally equipped with inserts made of steel with Teflon coating, and the inner part Pusa mechanism for braking the drum surface is polished by high precision machining and contains fine particulate fraction of the friction material is not more than 0.4 mm in diameter.

Teflon-coated steel inserts are placed in the contact areas of the rubbing parts of the drum, and small loose friction material is placed with the possibility of interaction when the drum rotates with a stationary brake disc.

The suspension and bag are made of flexible material. The suspension is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, the base of which exceeds the size of the lateral side, while the suspension in an expanded form is made in the form of a triangle, on the tops of which there are power grips for attachment to the cable.

The bag at the corners is made with holes for the passage of the legs of a person, while the bag on the open side is made with power grips for attachment to the cable, and the power grips are made in the form of power tapes attached to the cable.

Additional supply of the drum with Teflon-coated steel inserts reduces friction of the rubbing parts of the drum, softens the starting movement of the drum, and provides a smooth start to rotation and sliding during further rotational movements of the drum.

Polishing the inside of the case of the mechanism for braking the drum by means of high-precision surface treatment and the content of fine loose friction material fraction in the diameter of not more than 0.4 mm ensures the prevention of involuntary locking of the drum, ensuring reliability during braking, smooth descent, durability and moisture resistance of the drum, eliminating cable breakage.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an individual rescue device.

In FIG. 1:

- the opening part of the outer box,

- external box of the device,

- reel with cable

- the outer box of the device assembly,

- guide ring

- brake mechanism

- main supporting structure,

- the axis of the pinion gear,

- satellite gear

- insert made of steel with teflon coating,

11, 12 - fastening of the carrier bar,

13, 14 - mounting the axis to the carrier bar,

- axis.

In FIG. 2 shows the appearance of an individual rescue device and its application.

The invention is carried out as follows, described below.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example, which clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the above set of features of the required technical result, but is not the only possible one.

Example.

The claimed device uses a brake mechanism that does not require additional energy sources, a drum with a cable and a rescue triangle, placed in a small steel box. The device is permanently mounted inside the building and is in a state of constant readiness. At the time of an emergency, only three actions will be required to save:

- 2 032026 open the outer box of the device;

put on a rescue triangle;

leave the building.

In the event of an emergency, take the ring hanging from the individual rescue device and open the outer box with a sharp movement down, the rescue triangle attached to the brake cable with a carabiner will drop out of the outer box;

put on a rescue triangle (through the legs, the elongated part of the triangle is in front, the triangle fits tightly around the waist, the connecting carabiner is in the abdomen) and leave the building through the window (balcony) (the brake mechanism will be activated only under load);

if the wall of the building along which the rescue is performed is not completely vertical, then all the protrusions and irregularities must be overcome on one’s legs without removing the rescue triangle, then the descent continues, the brake mechanism is activated automatically;

at the end of the descent, remove the life triangle and move away from the building to a safe distance. The device allows you to safely save people who are unconscious, because the brake mechanism is activated automatically under the influence of the load and provides a uniform speed of descent.

Device Specifications:

load limits from 20 to 150 kg (corresponds to the European standard EN 341 class D, ST RK 1910-2009, Technical Regulation of the Customs Union on the safety of personal protective equipment);

rescue from any altitude (today certified up to 180 m);

depending on the load, the descent speed is in the range from 0.5 to 2 m / s. (complies with the European standard EN 341 class D, ST RK 1910-2009, Technical Regulation of the Customs Union on the safety of personal protective equipment);

temperature range from -40 to + 90 ° C;

type of cable - steel non-rotational double-weave cable with a diameter of 4 mm, maximum tensile load of 13.4 kN;

rescue triangle of a single size 1090x1040x1090 mm (complies with the European standard EN 1498, class B);

salvation is possible even in an unconscious state, since the braking mechanism provides a smooth descent;

rescue is possible from buildings of any architectural complexity, since the brake mechanism is activated only under load.

The advantages of the claimed invention are stationary mounting in an accessible place for an adult and a child (the device cannot be lost, forgotten, it cannot fall out through the window);

constant readiness of the device for operation (the device does not need additional preparation, in case of emergency, the device can be used immediately);

ease of use, the device can be used by any untrained person (including children and the elderly);

safe independent salvation when the work of rescue services is not possible;

lack of need for the presence of a full-time specialist;

simultaneous mass rescue (with simultaneous mass descent, the risk of a cable stopping due to a collision or hook is eliminated - the mechanism automatically redistributes the load and the descent continues even if all the cables are intertwined);

installation is provided both at the construction stage and in existing buildings;

reliability (all components are tested and certified in accordance with the most stringent requirements for rescue equipment);

the installed device relieves the psychological discomfort of being in high-rise buildings without the possibility of rescue.

Claims (9)

1. Device for lowering people using a suspension or bag, containing a drum whose cable is connected to a suspension or bag to accommodate a person, a mechanism for braking the drum, consisting of a housing made of friction type and connected to the drum by a planetary mechanism with the ability to provide speed control depending on the weight of the transported cargo, characterized in that the drum is additionally equipped with inserts of steel with Teflon coating, and the inside of the mechanism for braking the bar ana precision polished by the surface treatment and contains fine particulate friction material fractions are larger than 0,4 mm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert is made of steel with Teflon coating placed in the areas of contact of the rubbing parts of the drum. - 3 032026 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the small loose friction material is placed with the possibility of interaction with the rotation of the drum with a stationary brake disc. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension and the bag are made of flexible material. 5. The device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the suspension is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, the base of which exceeds the size of the side. 6. The device according to claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that the suspension in the expanded form is made in the form of a triangle, on the tops of which there are power grips for connection to the cable. 7. The device according to PP.1 and 4, characterized in that the bag at the corners is made with holes for the passage of the legs of a person. 8. The device according to claims 1, 4 and 7, characterized in that the bag on the open side is made with power grips for connection to the cable. 9. The device according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the power grips are made in the form of power tapes attached to the cable.