RU2364434C1 - Descent appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to special-purpose equipment and can be used by airborne troopers and lifesavers for technical fitting out of multi-storey buildings and constructions. Also, it is used as an individual life-saving appliance for drifting in fires from overstoreys of burning buildings, in upland salvage, in extreme conditions and other emergencies. Said descent appliance comprises a halyard, a hand brake, a safety hook belt and halyard clamps to the construction. There are provided additionally: a rigid cross-shaped multiple-piece ring for halyard mounting, length adjustable feet and body loops, as well as a fixed guide wheel fastened on the rigid multiple-piece ring. The halyard is packaged in a monobloc ring of internal diametre matched with a slide fit along external diametre of the rigid multiple-piece ring.

EFFECT: invention is intended for higher unconstrained descending safety of all the users and for simplification of the descent appliance.

2 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The descent device is intended for descent of paratroopers with cargo from high-altitude objects in emergency situations, relates to the field of special equipment and can be used by rescuers for the technical equipment of high-rise buildings and structures, as well as an individual rescue tool for gravitational descent of people in case of fires from floors of burning buildings , during mining operations in extreme conditions and other emergency situations.

Known devices and their requirements described in [1 ... 12]

The self-saving automatic devices of the Spider, YS-E-16, Fir Exit, DoubL Exit, and "Samospas 1-10" types were taken as analogues. The main technical characteristics of these devices are:

- descent speed: 1.0 ... 3.0 m / s,

- mass of the launched object: up to 150 kg,

- descent height: up to 150 m,

- weight, depending on the length of the halyard: from 5 to 15 kg,

- alerting time: from 60 to 300 seconds.

The composition of the devices:

- reel with a halyard (cable, rope, cord, ribbon, string, thread, etc.)

- brake unit

- rescue scarf,

- connecting carbine

- a packing bag,

- passport, instruction.

Advertised cost of devices: from 5 thousand to 150 thousand rubles, the real cost is 30% ... 90% higher.

The main misconception in the invention and design of the listed triggers, leading to an increase in weight, size and cost, are excessive requirements for the halyard and retrofit of the automatic brake, leading to practical inoperability after storage.

For example, a halyard consisting of a 4 mm metal cable and a polymer braid is certainly an “architectural excess”, since the standard time for descent from real objects does not exceed several seconds. For example, the descent time from a 9-story building is no more than 3 ... 6 seconds. Fire loads are much more dangerous for a person than for a halyard.

Known devices with automatic braking and manual adjustment of the speed of descent are designs in which braking is performed by bending the fixed rollers or axes with the halyard. The principle of braking is based on jamming the halyard when it passes through the rollers. VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia produces sets of rescue equipment [4, 6] photo 1, equipped with a braking device [7, 8] photo 2. The disadvantages of these devices are the complexity, high cost, the need for special training.

Of the known closest in technical essence is a device (US Pat. No. 2321248), including an inclined rope mounted on an oil rig and a platform with a brake cover placed on it, squeezed by two arms of a descending one and excluding hand injuries, as well as a belt with a carbine that automatically slightly slowing down the descent.

The disadvantages of the prototype device are the restrictions on the length of the halyard, the difficulty of braking during the descent, because of which the descent must have remarkable strength and self-control in order to resist free fall, the impossibility of descent for the elderly and children, the need to secure both ends of the rope.

The present invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of operational capabilities, improving safety by automatically adjusting the descent speed, ensuring the descent of the paratroopers, all citizens without any restrictions and from any altitude due to the reservation of the main elements and functions and simplification of devices.

This is achieved by the fact that in the trigger device containing a halyard (cable, rope, cord, tape, string, thread, etc.), a hand brake, a belt with an automatically braking carabiner, fastening elements of the halyard to the structure, according to the invention, are additionally introduced a rigid composite ring with a profiled cross-section, for example, U or U-shaped to accommodate the halyard and duplicate hinges for legs and torso, adjustable along the length.

In addition, to increase the efficiency of automatic braking, the halyard is packed in a monoblock ring with an inner diameter corresponding to a sliding fit along the outer diameter of the rigid composite ring, and a fixed guide roller mounted on the rigid composite ring is also introduced.

In this case, the hand brake, the stationary guide roller, the inner forming surface of the monoblock ring are additionally equipped with friction nanostructures in the areas of contact with the halyard and a rigid composite ring.

The introduction of new elements and the relationships between them provides a solution to the problem.

Photo 1 shows famous launching devices: Bars self-rescuer, DoubLExit evacuation system, YS-E-16 fire device, Spider evacuation device.

Photo 2 shows a photograph of the braking device for two-file trigger devices.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed trigger device.

Figure 2 shows the assembly diagram of the proposed trigger device.

Figure 3 - graphs of the dependence of the friction force on the mass and coefficient of friction according to the Coulomb.

Figure 4 - graphs of the dependence of the force balancing the mass of the rescuer from the coefficient of friction according to Euler at α≈180 ° for the proposed device.

Photo 3 shows photographs of tested triggers.

Figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of the proposed device. The trigger device contains 1 - a rigid compound ring, 2 - a halyard (rope, cable, cord, tape, string, thread, etc.), packed in a monoblock ring, 3 - a hand brake, 4 - a fixed guide roller, 5 - safety loops for legs and torso, 6 - friction nanostructures of the roller, brake and monoblock ring.

Figure 2 presents the assembly diagram of the trigger device.

A halyard is placed in the lower half of a rigid composite ring with a large inner diameter, packed, for example, by pouring solid or foamed polyurethane into a monoblock ring. After that, the upper half of the rigid composite ring is inserted into the lower half of the rigid composite ring and a fixed guide roller, a hand brake and safety loops for legs and torso are fixed on the ring assembled in this way.

The device operates as follows: halyard 2 (figure 1) under the influence of gravitational forces is unwound, freed from monoblock fastening and automatically, by 80 ... 90% of the total gravitational forces, slows down the paratrooper due to external friction in friction pairs: forming a rigid composite ring - internal forming a monoblock ring and a halyard - a stationary roller 4, as well as due to the efforts of breaking the bonds of fastening of the monoblock; a hand brake implements a braking function that compensates for 10 ... 20% of gravitational forces. The unlimited length of the halyard is provided by the ability to set the nth number of monoblocks.

Friction nanostructures are selected depending on the material of which the halyard is made to provide a friction coefficient in the range of 0.3 ... 0.9 (Figs. 3, 4). For example, figure 3 shows the dependence of the resistance force according to Euler on the coefficient of friction and weight; figure 4 - the same dependencies according to Coulomb.

The trigger device is used as follows: a paratrooper or simply an escape person puts on and fastens a belt, safety loops with a trigger device, the free end of the halyard with a carbine is fastened on a special hook, as, for example, for self-rescuers like “Bars”, “Spider”, YE- E16, or fasten 1-3 turns around the reliable elements of the building or premises - pipes, batteries, etc., and then fasten the carabiner to the halyard, after which the paratrooper descends using the automatic and manual braking capabilities.

According to this application, several options for launching devices were designed, manufactured and tested. The appearance of some devices is shown in photo 3.

According to the results of system studies and tests conducted in conjunction with the Penza rescuers, the most successful device was a device with the following dimensions and materials:

- inner diameter of the rigid ring - 200 mm;

- ring width - from 20 to 60 mm;

- halyard material - polypropylene tape 15 mm wide, 0.8 mm thick, with a strength of 365 kg;

- monoblock packaging material - foam PU-105 type polyurethane;

- fixed roller 5 ... 10 mm;

- friction nanostructures based on polyurethane with rubber nanoparticles.

The inventive device provides the following specifications:

- descent speed - adjustable: 0 ... 5 m / s;

- mass of the launched object: up to 350 kg;

- descent height: not limited;

- the weight of the device, depending on the material and length of the file: 1 ... 7 kg;

- fixing time on the body and the building: 10 ... 30 sec.

Bench tests of other launching devices, including analogues and prototype, were also conducted. It has been established that devices that work in real life are devices with a combined braking system - automatic and manual. The fact is that the friction force in Euler schemes does not depend on acceleration in a trivial way - in the region of gravitational accelerations, the friction force tends to an infinitely small value.

The resulting braking and friction forces in the proposed trigger device are sufficient to maintain a safe speed of descent of a person.

Information sources

1. File: // U: \ 24.10.07 \ www.rescuer.ru Evacuation from a height ... html.

2. V. Postnov, S. Orishchenko, Y. Shevchenko. Evacuation from the publication. / Peace and security. No. 1, 2007.

3. The system of individual salvation "Samospas" - 1-10. Description. Instruction

4. Launching devices - KSV-30, KSV-50, KSS-30, KSS-50. Description. Instruction

5. Self-rescuer Bars. Description. Instruction

6. Rescue devices VNIIPO-USP-3, USPI-50, UBDI. Description. Instruction

7. Ivashchenko B.S., Karas L.V., Lopay L.V. and other trigger device RU. 2223802, C2. 2004.02.20.

8. Nikolaev N.I., Krakhin O.I., Ametisov E.V. The trigger device for the evacuation of people from high-altitude objects in emergency situations, RU, 2004107292, 2005.11.10.

9. Kashevnik B.L. Rescue device, RU, 2071665, C1, 1997.01.10.

10. Patents US 2311070, 2321248, 4523664; GB 2367048A; IP 08-121498 A.

11. Emergency evacuation system Spider. Instruction Moseroth Technologies (Israel).

12. European standard EN 1498 class B, CE 0123.

Claims (2)

1. The trigger device containing a halyard, a hand brake, a belt with a carbine, fastening elements of the halyard to the structure, characterized in that it is additionally introduced: a rigid composite ring with a profiled cross-section for accommodating the halyard, adjustable length loops for the legs and torso, fixed guide roller mounted on a rigid composite ring, while the halyard is packaged in a monoblock ring with an inner diameter corresponding to a sliding fit along the outer diameter of the rigid composite ring. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hand brake, roller and the inner forming surface of the monoblock ring are equipped with frictional nanostructures in the areas of contact with the halyard and a rigid composite ring.

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