EA029243B1 - Workflow for manufacturing explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a workflow for manufacturing explosives, including an on-site loading station, a loading preparation station, and a preparation and delivery system. The preparation and delivery system further includes a preparation work station and a base material delivery station; material transported from the preparation work station is respectively conveyed to the loading preparation station and the base material delivery station to match the requirements of manufacturing different types of explosives. With the aim of manufacturing explosives with different detonation speeds, the on-site loading station includes a management unit, a casting unit, and a testing unit; after materials enter the on-site loading station, the materials are differentiated and recorded by the management unit and then conveyed to the casting unit to be casted in a charge hole together, mixed and the sensitization is completed to form a preset type of explosive, and primed via a detonator and a primer pellet. A selection checking procedure can also be included, i.e. a mixed sample is extracted to test the density and detonation speed thereof, and if the sample is found to qualify, the flow proceeds to the stage of casting in the charge hole, otherwise the proportions of the components are adjusted and then material is re-inserted. In this design, it is possible to safely, adequately and stably supply the requirements of producing many types of explosives in a relatively widespread area.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing explosives, comprising a local loading station, a preparation station for loading and a preparation and delivery system. The system of preparation and delivery additionally contains a preparatory workstation and a matrix delivery station; The materials transported from the preparatory workstation are respectively moved to the preparation station for loading and the matrix delivery station to meet the requirements for the preparation of various types of explosives. In order to prepare explosives with different detonation speeds, the local loading station contains a control and management unit, a pouring unit and a checking unit; and after entering materials into the local loading station, the materials are distinguished and recorded by the monitoring and control unit, are transferred to the pouring unit for pouring into the blast hole, mixed and sensitized to create the specified types of explosives and then explode with the help of a detonator and a trigger charge. A sampling procedure may also be included, that is, a sample of the mixture is removed to check its density and detonation speed, and if it is found that the sample conforms, the blast hole is continuously injected, and otherwise the proportions of the components are adjusted and then the materials are additionally introduced. When using the design, it is possible to safely, qualitatively and stably meet the requirements for the manufacture of many types of explosives in a relatively wide range.

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Scope of invention

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing explosives and, in particular, relates to a scheme of the method, according to which it is possible to manufacture not only an emulsion explosive, but also explosives with different detonation speeds that will meet the requirements of specific situations on different methods of explosive works.

Background of the invention

A fairly traditional way to control the speed of detonation is to control the density of the explosive in the production flow. In existing technologies for the industrial production of explosives, on a stationary line for the production of explosives, it is often possible to obtain an explosive of only one type, such as an emulsion explosive, an explosive based on ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel, an explosive based on foamed ammonium nitrate, etc. ., or only an emulsion explosive can be obtained at a mobile ground station. At the same time, as on any production line, the density value is fixed, the detonation speed of the explosive is fixed, the corresponding explosive cannot be obtained along with changes in the rock properties, the selective performance of explosives is extremely limited in cases with water-containing explosive wells, dry explosive wells , the presence of cracks in the rock, the absence of cracks in the rock, hard rocks and relatively soft rocks, and there is no walking method and a process that could meet the changing demands of blasting conditions. In particular, in cases where the ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel-based explosive is not waterproof, the specific consumption for the emulsion explosive is high and the hardness coefficient of the rock is changed, the production of changeable types of explosives cannot be effectively carried out at any time. Due to the limited number of types of explosives, unregulated density and detonation speed and other problems, the requirements of the blasting site cannot be met, the predictable effect of blasting cannot be realized, and the cost of blasting increases. At the same time, the safety of blasting is impaired, also causing accidents related to blasting, and side emergency situations, the efficiency of blasting is seriously affected, and the production capacity is also adversely affected.

In terms of matrix delivery.

In a civilian process for the manufacture of an emulsion explosive, an emulsion matrix delivery station is currently not used on the market. The technology of laying explosives is usually used for mining construction and has the disadvantages of high cost, high degree of pollution, low efficiency and negative environmental impact during the production process. However, an explosive based on ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel made by the existing process of making an explosive at a ground-type station is not water resistant, and a heavy explosive made from ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel is suitable only for open mines, but not suitable for the construction of underground mines.

The state of the art relates to a mobile ground station, which requires the placement of various equipment for the manufacture of an emulsion matrix at a mobile ground station, and the process of manufacturing an emulsion is completed by steam heating, melting and emulsifying externally added ammonium nitrate, oil phase and other raw materials; then the products are transferred to the mixed load vehicle in place and moved to the blasting site. The process is characterized by high energy consumption, low productivity, high cost, low level of safety, unstable quality and high levels of pollution, as well as extremely limited distribution.

In terms of preparatory work before preparation at the site of the explosive.

In existing industrial technologies for the manufacture of explosives, a packaged explosive manufactured by a conventional explosives plant has a relatively high cost, the density has a fixed value, the resulting explosive is an explosive material of class 1.1, the potential safety hazard is high, especially the cost of packaging and the cost of control are relatively high, a one-time investment is high, the labor intensity is high, and the effect vnost production is low.

There are also technologies for the manufacture of mixed loading explosives in place, but with respect to a manufactured product, such as an explosive based on ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel, the product is not waterproof, and the density is not regulated; for example, an emulsion explosive, the specific consumption is high, production efficiency is very low, the density control range is very small, the ratio of heavy explosive based on ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel and porous ammonium nitrate is limited, and the density is not regulated, thereby not being suitable for changing the conditions of penetration at the blasting site; and the general characteristics are: the selected space is very limited, the cost

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manufacturing is high and the cost of blasting is high in the case of watered wells, wet blast holes, dry wells, soft and hard rocks, inappropriate formation of cracks or when different densities of the loaded explosive are required.

In addition, the production stages are relatively more, not only energy is consumed, but also radiation is increased. For example, with respect to the basic starting material for the manufacture of an emulsion explosive, namely ammonium nitrate, for transporting ammonium nitrate is dehydrated and pelletized at the factory, formed and packaged in solid form, and then transported to the manufacturer of the explosive. This causes the following problems:

1) consumed thermal energy consumed as a result of the production of ammonia nitrate at the plant for the production of source material;

2) at the plant for the manufacture of the starting material, ammonium nitrate must consume energy to go from a liquid to a solid state;

3) when ammonium nitrate is transported to the place of production of the explosive, ammonium nitrate is transferred to a liquid state from the solid state, and the heating must consume energy;

4) the presence of the stage of the packaging process should occupy one part of the cost.

Similarly, other half-finished products needed for a finished explosive product, such as the water phase, oil phase and latex matrix, do not depart from the cooling-heating, curing, packaging, etc. processes, so several steps must be involved together with reheating, re-melting and re-dissolution, this consumes energy and also poses a potential safety hazard in the process of transfer after loading and packaging the explosive. As everyone knows, if the finished product or half-finished explosive products accidentally encounter friction, vibration, open fire and changes in air temperature, etc. during packing, storage, transportation and use, accidental fire or detonation may be caused. In addition, due to the presence of many intermediates of many stages of the process, such as a sensitization process stage, a cooling process stage, an operation process stage, an explosive loading process stage, a packaging process stage, a temporary storage and storage process stage, a paper cutting process stage, stage of the paper tube rolling process, stage of the secondary packaging process, stage of the grouping process, stage of the auxiliary material storage and sealing process, stage of the bagging process, etc., not only cost increases, but danger increases, so control must be exercised. Thus, national regulatory authorities must release separate technologies and management standards that entail the accumulation, production, temporary storage, transportation, transportation and use of these explosives and their raw materials, thereby having to spend a large amount of public expenditure in order to adopt fire-fighting and other protective measures. At the same time, due to the large number of production stages, such as a break in the production of the latex matrix, and the situation when transporting by means of vehicles and manual processing is mainly taken between different stages of the process, the cost is further increased, and production capacity and performance is even more limited.

In the technical aspect of loading into the blast hole at the blasting site.

With the existing loading of an explosive well, in order to reduce the specific consumption of explosive, improve the explosive effect and increase the space of the detonation wave, an intermediate cartridge is used, which is mainly made in the form of an airside, a downhole cartridge located inside the well, PVC pipe, bamboo tamping, slag ore, etc. For example, in the left image and the middle image in FIG. 14, reference numeral 17 denotes an intermediate cartridge and reference numeral 15 denotes a substance near the sealing and filling section of the blast hole, such as rock slag.

The existing technical method of using the intermediate cartridge in general terms is as follows: calculating the specific consumption of explosive, choosing a fixed-density explosive 16, and placing the intermediate cartridge 17 to position the explosive 16 at intervals in an explosive well.

To reduce the specific consumption of explosives and reduce the height of the tamping of an explosive well, the column of explosive is increased in the case of soft rock. Or, to overcome the negative effects of vibration from an explosion caused by a high detonation velocity, partial detonation is carried out after loading at intervals of the explosive. Or, to overcome failures in explosions or problems with the loading of explosives caused by water gathered at the bottom of an explosive well, the intermediate cartridge is properly adapted to solve these difficulties. Air stemming, a downhole cartridge located inside the well, PVC pipe, bamboo stemming or slag ore are used to create gaps in existing technologies to create gaps, and, despite the different forms, their purpose is the same.

Earlier, when an explosive was loaded into an explosive well, the specific consumption of explosive

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substances had a generally constant value, the density of the explosive had a constant value and the detonation speed of the explosive also had a constant value, so that a method was adopted for increasing the length of the explosive column by means of an intermediate cartridge. Since the density of the explosive is constant, people often change the types of explosive to reduce the specific consumption of explosive or improve explosive action. But the range of selectable types of explosives is very limited, it is very difficult to provide an explosive effect and at the same time reduce the specific consumption of explosive. In addition, the range of application of the intermediate cartridge is also very limited; in many methods of tamping an explosive well to reduce the specific consumption of explosive, the intermediate cartridge cannot be used for several reasons, for example, in cases with different rock hardness, different moisture content and different explosive targets .

The ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel explosive is not waterproof, while when water is present at the bottom of the well, the intermediate cartridge is used to be placed at a distance from the water, and then the ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel explosive is loaded. Due to the drilling operation, an explosive well is formed, but the explosive is not actually loaded, thereby causing the uselessness of drilling. The intermediate cartridge is also used when the water content is below a certain height, such as 1-3 m, while the water and the explosive are spaced apart from each other by means of an intermediate cartridge. Otherwise, when an explosive based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel is loaded, since an explosive based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel is not waterproof, a wet well or a water-containing well may cause a part of the explosive to malfunction and further adversely affect efficiency and operation the blast.

The intermediate cartridge is also used in a partial detonation of an explosive in an explosive well to separate the upper and lower columns of the explosive, thereby keeping the explosive loading height unchanged and keeping the range of the explosive unchanged, based on the reduction of the specific explosive consumption. If there are no explosives with different densities in the mine, the explosive can only be saved by selecting an intermediate cartridge. The reduction in specific consumption of explosive is due to commercial interest, but the specific consumption of emulsion explosive is high and cannot be reduced, so the intermediate cartridge is used to increase the column of explosive and further reduce the specific consumption of explosive.

In the above technology with the use of air intermediate cartridge, namely the technology of air punching, the explosive energy of an explosive cannot evenly affect the entire explosive well and the explosive effect is disturbed; in addition, the stage of the placement of the intermediate cartridge is added to the construction process, the construction efficiency is disturbed and the cost increases. The function of the air intermediate cartridge in the blast hole is to improve the range of the explosion of the explosive column loaded with the explosive, and there is no explosive in the part separated by the intermediate cartridge. The blast hole is filled with the pressure of the blast wave at the time of the explosion of the explosive, equal to the remaining part of the explosive used to perform the explosion of the separated part.

The mine also has a process for performing sectional loading of an explosive by using intervals of ore slag. One goal is to reduce the specific consumption of an explosive, and another goal is to reduce the amount of initiating explosive in the largest section. In accordance with this practice, when using explosives with different densities, due to the continuous loading of the explosive, millisecond delays of the digital electronic detonator are required for partial detonation.

In the mine, the air intermediate cartridge is also adapted to create a gap in the upper part of the blast hole, namely, the section loaded at the bottom with an explosive is used to blast the rock in the upper part. At the same time, one goal of increasing the column of explosive is to reduce the specific consumption of explosive and another goal is to reduce the height of the tamping in the upper part of the explosive well and reduce the output of oversize in the upper part. But this method is only suitable for soft rock and rock with the formation of cracks, but not suitable for hard rock and rock with no cracks formed.

The intermediate cartridge is suitable only for cases of soft rock and rock with the formation of cracks. When the rock contains cracks, the energy of the explosive in other sections of the location of the explosive can be used to effect crushing and dispersion of the rock. When the rock is relatively hard and there are no cracks formed, the intermediate cartridge cannot be of significant use. At the same time, if the intermediate cartridge is used to increase the column of explosive loaded with explosive, the explosive effect is worse.

Finally, due to the use of an intermediate cartridge for placement at a distance

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explosive in an explosive well, the cost is relatively high, the process is relatively complex, the explosive effect is poor and the efficiency is low.

Summary of Invention

To overcome the defects of the prior art, to achieve the goal of making not only an emulsion explosive, but also explosives with different detonation speeds, and at the same time ensuring the safety of the whole method, a method for producing explosives is provided, and the method includes a local loading station, station load preparation and delivery system; and the preparation and delivery system further comprises a preparatory workstation and a matrix delivery station.

The materials transported from the preparatory workstation are respectively transferred to the loading preparation station and the matrix delivery station.

The material that is moved to the matrix delivery station is an emulsion matrix that maintains the desired temperature, and the matrix and the sensitizer are then moved together to the local loading station.

The materials that are transferred to the preparation station for loading contain an emulsion matrix, porous granulated ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel, a sensitizer and a physical density modifier, which can be directly entered from the outside and can also be from a preparatory workstation. The ratios of the starting materials for the manufacture of explosives are selected in accordance with the purpose of blasting or typical situations at the blasting site. After that, one part of the emulsion matrix can be moved to the matrix delivery station, and one part is transferred to a local loading station with porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel, a sensitizer and a physical density modifier.

By doing this, the desired temperature of the emulsion matrix is ensured, the radiation of thermal energy is reduced, heat is recirculated and the quality of the load is also ensured. At the same time, other raw materials required for manufacturing can realize interchange for manufacturing types of explosives, for example, interchange can be realized for manufacturing explosives based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel, powerful explosives based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel, emulsion explosives substances, powerful emulsion explosives and various types of explosives with different densities and different speeds detonation. Thus, the requirements of the various conditions of blasting sites can be met and the disadvantages of a small number of selectable types, high cost, low suitability and low level of security present in the prior art can be overcome.

The reason why the matrix being moved to the loading preparation station is divided into two parts is that one part can be provided to the matrix delivery station for adding, thereby responding to the distribution requirement when the supply of the subsequent matrix cannot meet the requirement.

The circuit is divided into the following subcircuits, and the following description is given below.

According to the first aspect, after the materials entered by the preparatory workstation are accepted by the preparation station, the set temperature is maintained only for the matrix, while the sensitizer, physical density modifier, porous ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel are temporarily stored in the station and the components are prepared for compliance requirements for the preparation of various types of explosives.

When performing this combination of all materials, the preparation stations for loading may meet the requirements of any blasting conditions; at the same time, heat preservation of the matrix can realize low viscosity and pumping ability and ensure the quality of loading; and combinations of these materials can provide suitable raw materials for explosives in the case of dry wells, wet explosive wells, high rock hardness, low hardness, cracks in the rock and no cracks.

Thus, the lack of limited types of raw materials of explosives of the prior art is overcome. An explosive effect can be provided, and at the same time, difficult problems of lack of water resistance of an explosive based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel and a high specific consumption in the production of emulsion explosive are overcome. The cost of blasting is reduced and productivity is improved.

According to the second aspect, when the method is aimed at preparing an emulsion explosive, the local loading station comprises a monitoring and control unit, a pouring unit and a testing unit.

After entering the matrix and sensitizer into the local loading station, materials are distinguished and recorded by means of a control and management unit, transferred to a pouring unit to support the matrix within a predetermined temperature range, poured into a blasting well with a sensitizer, mixed and sensitized to create an emulsion explosive, and also

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time, if a detonator and an initiating charge are present, detonation can be carried out.

By doing this, when an emulsion explosive is required for a mine or a construction site, an emulsion explosive is loaded by means of a loading device, information is monitored and controlled by the monitoring and control unit, and the production legality, production capacity, time, place, operator are monitored and controlled. and the legality of the enterprise, while the legal direction of flow of the emulsion matrix can be effectively adjusted, prevent illegal losses, and further overcome the disadvantage that it is impossible to exercise effective control and management in the prior art. In addition, materials circulating above ground belong only to the category of oxidizers of class 5.1, that is, the class of explosive materials of class 1.1 is reduced to the degree of fire resistance of class 5.1, and safety is ensured.

According to the third aspect, prior to pouring the matrix and the sensitizer into the blast hole, a sampling control procedure can be included through the embedder, i.e. a mixed sample of the matrix and the sensitizer is removed to check their density and detonation rate, the set value is checked as a standard that the sample corresponds, carry out continuous pouring of the mixture into the blast hole, and otherwise the amount of the sensitizing solution or concentration of the sensitizer pa is adjusted, and then begin addition of the substances administered pouring unit.

By doing this, the quality of the explosive that undergoes mixed loading on site can be effectively controlled, and by checking the density and detonation rate of the explosive by sampling, it can be confirmed whether the quality of the explosive meets the requirements for blasting, thereby preventing does not meet the requirements of blasting, into the blast hole, and preventing the negative impact on the blasting tvie. The disadvantage of the prior art, which was that the explosive that was subjected to mixed loading on the spot, cannot be immediately tested, overcome.

According to the fourth aspect, when the method is aimed at preparing explosives with different detonation speeds, the local loading station comprises a monitoring and control unit, a pouring unit and a checking unit.

After the matrix, sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and physical density modifier are introduced into the local loading station, the materials are distinguished and recorded by the control and management unit, transferred to the pouring unit to maintain the matrix within the specified temperature range, mixed together with sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and a physical density modifier to form a mixture in accordance with the ratio and components mounted loading preparation station, is poured into the blasting hole and to create sensitized with specified values of density explosives, and at this stage, if present detonator and the initiating charge, the detonation can be effected.

By doing this, the legality of production, production time, location and production capacity and the legitimacy of loading explosives with different detonation speeds can be monitored and controlled, and raw materials designed to produce explosives with different densities and different detonation speeds can be freely combined to meet the requirements different places of blasting and overcoming the flaws that imply that explosives without ki can not be effectively monitored and controlled, and obtaining explosives species with different velocities of detonation can not be effectively implemented.

According to the fifth aspect, after mixing together the matrix, the sensitizer, porous granulated ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and the physical density modifier by means of a casting unit and before pouring materials into the explosive well, a selective control procedure can be included, i.e. the sample of the mixture is removed to check its density and speed detonation, with preset values being taken as a standard for testing, and if it is found that the sample conforms, pouring the mixture into the vnuyu wellbore is continuous, and otherwise, the component ratio, i.e. a matrix, a sensitizer, a porous granulated ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and the physical density modifier in the preparation station is controlled loading and then further start input materials to the local loading station.

By doing this, the quality of explosives with different detonation speeds that are mixed loading on site can be effectively monitored, and by checking the densities and speeds of detonation of explosives by selective inspection, it can be confirmed whether the quality of explosives meets the requirements of blasting operations, thereby preventing the loading of a product that does not meet the requirements for blasting into a blast hole, preventing negative nd impact on the explosive action and pre 5 029243

Overcoming the disadvantage of the prior art, namely, that explosives that are subjected to mixed loading on site cannot be immediately verified.

According to the sixth aspect, the casting unit is a casting unit I, which is a casting device that is used at the blasting site and contains a heat preserving device, and the emulsion matrix and the sensitizer respectively flow or are forced into the blast hole through various conveying pipes.

By doing this, when water is contained in the blast hole or the required explosion energy is relatively high, the emulsion explosive is directly loaded, and the energy of the explosive is high, and the explosive corresponds to any explosive load in a small diameter explosive well and explosive charge to solid rock, with the accumulated water in the blast hole can be effectively removed, and the explosive is suitable for all land mines and municipal engineering-type facilities, and the drawback can be overcome, which implies that only a laid explosive initiated by a detonator can be selected in the prior art, the danger level is reduced, the explosive cost is significantly reduced and the cost of the explosive is significantly reduced.

According to the seventh aspect, the casting unit is a casting unit II, which is a casting device that is used at the blasting site and contains a matrix heat preserving device, and the matrix, sensitizer, porous ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and physical density modifier flow or forced into the blast hole after mixing.

By doing this, types of explosives that are suitable for any explosive conditions can be obtained, and mixed loading can be carried out at the site of explosives with different detonation speeds by adjusting the densities to control the detonation speeds, improving the explosive effect, reducing the cost blasting operations and improving blasting safety. The disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome, namely, that the densities and detonation speeds of explosives, which are subjected to mixed loading on site, cannot be adjusted.

In terms of matrix delivery.

To overcome many problems in the prior art, the delivery station comprises an emulsion matrix input unit, a storage unit, a heat storage unit, a pump unit, a discharge and loading unit, and a sensitizer unit; while the emulsion matrix required to produce explosives is moved to the delivery station by means of an input unit and temporarily stored in the storage unit, while the decision to turn on the pumping unit is made in accordance with the explosives consumption rate, the emulsion matrix is moved and loaded into the output unit and the loads from the storage unit are then transferred to the blasting site with a sensitizer manufactured by the sensitizer unit to perform the loading operation.

Heat is heated or stored in the storage unit through a heat storage unit.

The scheme can use a cyclic heating system with hot water, thereby solving the problem of preserving the matrix heat, the emulsion matrix is maintained within a predetermined temperature range, the matrix is maintained until it directly enters the output and loading unit, stable displacement and loading is carried out, and the quality is ensured explosives.

This can be implemented in the following seven aspects.

According to the first aspect, the emulsion matrix is moved to the delivery station by means of an input unit by any of the following three methods.

After the introduction of the input unit into the delivery station, the connection with the storage unit is carried out by means of a pump for pumping the emulsion matrix into the storage unit.

The container for heating or heat preservation is located in the input unit, while it contains an emulsion matrix, and after inserting the input unit into the delivery station, the entire capacity for heating or heat preservation is unloaded and placed in the delivery station, converted into a storage unit and additionally connected to the unit heat preservation and pumping unit through the pipeline.

The input unit is converted into a storage unit after being introduced into the delivery station and stably stopped, and is connected to the heat preservation unit and the pump unit through a pipeline.

According to the scheme, since a quick and convenient transfer of the emulsion matrix can be carried out, not only the problem of preserving the matrix heat is solved, but fast loading into the explosive well can also be carried out.

According to the second aspect, the matrix input unit is a vehicle I for moving with a tank for heating or heat preservation, while the emulsion matrix containing 6 029243

It is maintained at a given temperature; and the storage unit at least contains a container with a heat preserving device and can maintain the emulsion matrix containing therein at a given temperature.

According to the scheme, due to the design of the heat preservation system, the heat of the emulsion matrix cannot be dissipated, not only the problem of viscosity increase due to a decrease in the temperature of the emulsion matrix is solved, but also a stable loading at the blasting site can be realized, as well as low carbon content and environmental friendliness .

According to a third aspect, the pumping unit is a suitable pumping device, such as a screw pump, a plunger pump, a diaphragm pump or the like, and the energy is provided by an air compressor, an electric motor or a hydraulic device.

According to the scheme, since the stable transmission and transfer of the emulsion matrix is carried out in a stable manner, the problem of processing the matrix is solved, and the energy source is simple, suitable and having high suitability.

According to the fourth aspect, the heat storage unit comprises a heating device, a heat exchange pipeline circulation system and a heat insulating material, wherein the circulation system and the heat insulating material pass along the entire periphery of the storage unit to maintain the emulsion matrix contained therein within a predetermined temperature range.

According to the scheme, since heat is used in the fabrication process of the matrix, relatively high temperatures are maintained, problems of unstable injection and difficult injection are solved when pumping in low-temperature conditions, and the quality of the explosive is stable and reliable.

According to the fifth aspect, the storage unit, the entire pumping device, the circulation system, and the heat insulating material are located in one closed space.

According to the scheme, since several functional modules are combined into one, the impact due to environmental factors can be reduced to the maximum extent, and stable injection and ease of use can be ensured.

According to the sixth aspect, the discharge and loading unit is a vehicle II for moving with a tank for heating or keeping warm, while the vehicle II for moving loads an emulsion matrix maintained at a predetermined temperature, together with the sensitizer, and is directed to the place of loading the explosive .

According to the scheme, since the transportation is carried out in a state of heat preservation and the loading is carried out at the blasting site, the loading effect is good and the quality of the created explosives is stable.

According to the seventh aspect, the entire delivery station of the emulsion matrix is mobile and includes an integrated power device for moving between different areas.

The emulsion matrix delivery station contains only a storage unit, a heat preservation unit, a pumping unit and a sensitizer unit, while the storage unit simultaneously serves as an emulsion matrix input unit; or the entire emulsion matrix delivery station is assembled using all the blocks and does not contain an integrated power device, and all or part of the emulsion matrix delivery station is moved by the vehicle, and quick assembly takes place after moving between different areas; the emulsion matrix delivery station contains everything from the emulsion matrix input unit, storage unit, heat preservation unit, pump unit, discharge and loading unit, and sensitizer unit; or the entire emulsion matrix delivery station is a ground fixture and is installed between blasting sites or facilities for producing a matrix in different areas in accordance with the distance provided by laws and regulations for delivering the matrix required for several types of explosives to blasting sites; and the delivery station of the emulsion matrix contains all of the emulsion matrix input unit, storage unit, heat preservation unit, pump unit, discharge and loading unit, and sensitizer unit.

When using this design, the advantages of wide choice and suitability, suitability, flexibility, low level of investment, the possibility of rapid commissioning, simplicity of the process and a small amount of pollutants are realized.

According to the aspect, the preparatory workstation is located at a distance from the blasting site.

To overcome the above many problems in the processes of obtaining and using explosives, a plant of explosives to produce explosive materials of class 1.1 is completely and seamlessly converted into a preparatory workstation for explosives to produce strong oxidizers of class 5.1, and all the starting materials can be prepared to form a ready explosive products before loading into the blast hole.

The general construction is as follows: the preparatory work station is located at a distance of several to hundreds of kilometers from the blasting site, and the preparatory work station contains a block of storage and transportation of source material I, a storage block and a transport 7 029243

Source material II, a block for preparing the aqueous phase, a block for preparing the oil phase, a block for preparing and moving the matrix, a block for mixed loading and moving, and a block for additives.

The source material I and the source material II are transferred to the preparatory work station outside, while the source material I is moved to the storage and transportation unit of the source material I, then after the water phase is created by the water phase preparation unit, the water phase and oil phase created by the oil phase preparation unit , are moved together to the preparation and displacement unit of the matrix to create the matrix, while one part of the matrix is moved to the external delivery station of the matrix, and the other part is moved to the unit mixed loading and moving.

After receiving the matrix by the mixed loading and transfer unit, the initial material II is additionally obtained from the storage and transportation unit of the initial material II and additionally receive additives from the additive block; and moving together.

The above scheme is mainly used for the manufacture of any of the nine products, namely, powerful emulsion explosive, powerful emulsion explosive with adjustable density, emulsion explosive with low density, emulsion explosive with ultra-low density, powerful explosive based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel, powerful explosive based on a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel with adjustable density, porous gran an isolated explosive based on ammonium nitrate and mixtures of diesel fuel, a porous granular explosive based on ammonium nitrate and mixtures of diesel fuel with controlled density and pure emulsion explosive, and may be selected form the explosive.

When using the design, in comparison with traditional technologies, many stages of the process are simplified, cost is reduced, production efficiency is increased and energy conservation is additionally implemented, radiation reduction, low carbon content and environmental friendliness are realized. In addition, since many stages are omitted and the possibility of accidental ignition and explosion decreases, the level of safety increases significantly.

According to the above general construction, it is accordingly made in the following aspects.

According to the first aspect, the starting material I includes at least liquid ammonium nitrate with a temperature of 100-130 ° C and a concentration of 70-95% or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidizing agents is added, then flame suppressor, with the oxidant and flame suppressor, respectively, are introduced into the preparatory workstation; installation for storage of source material I is located in a shelter from the sun and rain;

the source material storage and transport unit I is a vehicle for preserving heat and moving or an installation for keeping heat and storing or

the source material storage and transportation unit I is a vehicle for heat conservation and transportation and a heat storage and storage facility, and the source material I is moved to a heat storage and storage facility by means of a vehicle for heat storage and transportation for use in preparing an aqueous one phases later;

a vehicle for preserving heat and moving; or a plant for maintaining heat and storing starting material I comprises a device for heating the starting material I and a device for washing with steam.

When using this design, hot liquid ammonium nitrate and other raw materials are directly moved inwards, then the step of dissolving the solid phase to the liquid phase is passed through, and the steps of packing, loading and unloading solid raw materials are excluded. Since the source material I itself possesses a certain heat and has a measure of heat conservation, a rather large part of the energy is eliminated to increase the temperature required for preparing the aqueous phase in the next step. Since production equipment is predisposed to reach a temperature that causes many chemical reactions to deviate from a given value when exposed to direct sunlight, wind and rain, and this adversely affects the quality of the product, production equipment is installed in a shelter from light and rain. Heat conservation is carried out on the transportation devices such as automobile tanks and storage facilities for loading and moving the source material I in order to fully utilize the self-transferable heat from the preparatory process of the plant. The purpose of steam washing is to ensure safe flushing and to prevent open flames arising from friction and cleaning.

According to the second aspect, the starting material I at least includes solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidizing agents is added, then a flame suppressor is added, and the oxidant and flame suppressor are respectively introduced into the preparatory workstation; installation for storing the original material - 8 029243

la I is located in shelter from the sun and rain; and the storage and transportation unit of the source material I includes a storage unit and a crushing unit, with solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidizing agents used to prepare the aqueous phase later after crushing into particles.

The reason for retaining the introduction of a portion of the solid starting material is that it is used to control the concentration of the aqueous salt of the oxidizing agent in the next step and is used as an alternative scheme in the case when the liquid starting material cannot be introduced for some reason. Measures to preserve heat and protect from light are necessary criteria to maintain the required temperature. In the above two aspects, a flame suppressor is added, which is a necessary entry for the preparation of explosives for the coal industry.

According to the third aspect, the starting material I includes at least liquid ammonium nitrate with a temperature of 100-130 ° C and a concentration of 70-95% or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidizing agents is added, while the oxidizing agent respectively entered into the preparatory workstation; installation for storage of source material I is located in a shelter from the sun and rain;

the source material storage and transport unit I is a vehicle for preserving heat and moving or an installation for keeping heat and storing or

the source material storage and transportation unit I is a vehicle for heat conservation and transportation and a heat storage and storage facility, and the source material I is moved to a heat storage and storage facility by means of a vehicle for heat storage and transportation for use in preparing an aqueous one phases later;

a vehicle for preserving heat and moving; or a plant for maintaining heat and storing the source material I comprises a device for heating the source material I and a device for washing with steam.

According to the fourth aspect, the starting material I includes at least solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidizing agents is added, while the oxidizing agent is respectively introduced into the preparatory workstation; installation for storage of source material I is located in a shelter from the sun and rain; and the storage and transportation unit of the source material I includes a storage unit and a crushing unit, with solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidizing agents used to prepare the aqueous phase later after crushing into particles.

In the above two aspects, since no flame suppressor is added, the step is necessary for the preparation of the explosives required for the non-coal industry. The benefits are the same as above.

According to the fifth aspect, the block for preparing the aqueous phase comprises the following steps:

a) managing the measurement of ammonium nitrate or other oxidizing agents, then adding water, hot water or steam to heat up to a predetermined temperature, stirring and simultaneously adjusting the concentration;

b) adjusting the pH of the mixture to a predetermined value by means of an acidity regulator or an alkalinity regulator;

c) filtering the resulting aqueous solution of the oxidant salt several times until the turbidity reaches a predetermined value; washing, precipitating, filtering, recovering and circulating the residual solution to process the aqueous phase, while hot water or steam is used for additional heating to a predetermined temperature throughout the process;

b) obtaining an aqueous solution of the salt-oxidant, namely the aqueous phase, the implementation of additional heating and heat retention through hot water or steam, and preservation for later use, while the installation for storing the aqueous phase is located in shelter from the sun and rain.

Restoration of the residual solution is based on considerations of preserving the starting materials, saving energy and reducing radiation; and at the same time the chemical industry for the production of explosives currently has the technical capabilities of recovery, filtration and circulation, but the technology was not represented by specialists in the prior art. Heat storage is also aimed at reducing the steps, facilitating direct entry into the process of the next step and avoiding the reheat stage after cooling. Means of preservation from light, heating with hot water or steam, etc. aimed at enhancing temperature control.

According to the sixth aspect, the oil phase preparation unit comprises the following steps:

a) controlling the measurement of oil materials for the preparation of the oil phase;

b) heating with hot water or steam to a predetermined value and filtering;

c) transferring the oil phase to the storage device and maintaining the temperature in the range of 5590 ° C by hot water or steam for subsequent use, while the installation for storing the oil phase is located in a shelter from the sun and rain.

Storage within a certain temperature range is also aimed at reducing

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stages, facilitating direct entry into the process of the next stage and avoiding the reheating stage after cooling.

According to the seventh aspect, the matrix preparation and transfer unit comprises an array preparation unit and an array transfer unit and includes the following steps:

a) emulsification of the oil phase and the aqueous phase in the matrix preparation unit in the emulsifier through the pipeline and the pump to save heat by controlling the measurement in accordance with the predetermined proportions of the components at a given temperature and pressure in order to form the latex matrix;

b) moving the latex matrix in the following direction I: entering the storage device in the matrix preparation unit, performing heat conservation, waiting for the matrix transfer unit to enter by moving the heat to the matrix delivery station beyond the preparatory work station through the unit; or direct introduction of the latex matrix into the matrix transfer unit without passing through the storage device, and moving to the matrix delivery station outside the preparatory workstation through the block;

c) simultaneous movement of the latex matrix in the following direction II:

entering the storage device in the matrix preparation unit, performing heat conservation, and waiting for the unit to enter a mixed load and transfer unit; or direct introduction of the latex matrix into a mixed load and transfer unit without passing through the storage device;

the matrix storage device, the matrix transfer unit, the matrix preparation unit and the unit of mixed loading and movement are located in shelter from the sun and rain.

The matrix transfer unit can be represented by a vehicle for heat retention, the storage device can be represented as a capacity for heat preservation, and both are aimed at reducing consumption in cooking and transport processes and reducing heat dissipation as much as possible, and also provide the possibility of direct injection of liquid and semi-liquid matrix to the next stage, for example, when, when preparing on-site blasting, which is at a distance from several kilometers to hundreds of kilo etrov and loaded into a blasting hole, there is no need for expenditure of energy and the stages of the process to change the shape. Other benefits are the same as above.

According to the eighth aspect, the additives that are received by the mixed load and transfer unit from the additive unit are diesel and a sensitizer, which are present in predetermined proportions and are placed mutually separate; or diesel fuel, a sensitizer and a physical density modifier, which is present in predetermined proportions and placed mutually separate; and capacity for additives is located in shelter from the sun and rain.

Finished half-pieces or materials of various explosives, for example, a latex matrix, diesel fuel, a sensitizer and the like, after retaining heat, are measured and moved out of the preparatory work station, for example, to a blasting site that is a distance from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, by means of a mixed load and transfer unit, such as a mixed load vehicle; and this time, the latex matrix in transported substances belongs to a strong class 5.1 oxidizer, while diesel fuel, a sensitizer and a density modifier, which do not have high levels of safety, belong to general-purpose chemical products and are significantly less dangerous than any ready-made explosive. product, and then placed separately in different containers in the vehicle, which is very convenient for transportation and naturally provides a relatively high safety factor.

According to the ninth aspect, the starting material II is a porous granular ammonium nitrate; in the storage and transportation unit of the source material II, porous granular ammonium nitrate is introduced from outside the preparatory workstation, then stored and transferred to the mixed loading and transfer unit; and the container and the device for moving the source material II are both located in shelter from the sun and rain.

This design is also based on temperature control. In addition, the source material II is a porous granular ammonium nitrate and is used as an oxidizing agent in the finished explosive product.

According to the tenth aspect, measures for heat preservation and additional heating are applied to the storage and transportation unit of the source material I, the aqueous phase preparation unit, the oil phase preparation unit, the matrix preparation and displacement unit and the mixed loading and transfer unit, as well as other parts to contain the liquid (liquid or semi-liquid), except for diesel fuel and sensitizer in all streams and equipment of the preparatory workstation, and the method has the following form: heating together or separately water, liquid starting material, aqueous phase, oil phase and matrix to a predetermined value by means of a heating device, and a coating layer to preserve the heat of circulating hot water or steam, or the intermediate layer / jacket of circulating hot water or steam on the pipeline, pump, tank or the valve.

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Heat preservation and additional heating are performed inside and outside the preparatory workstation in order to reduce the steps and cost, facilitating direct entry to the next stage process and avoiding the reheat stage after cooling.

According to the eleventh aspect, the liquid ammonium nitrate, which is introduced from the outside, has a temperature of 120 ° C and a concentration of 88-94%. The numerical values are in the optimal ranges obtained from repeated tests, and when liquid ammonium nitrate moves from the plant to the preparatory workstation, it often has a temperature of approximately 120 ° C; and the concentration is also above the numerical value, and this concentration is relatively suitable for the preparation of the aqueous phase. The purpose of this design is to maintain the temperature required for the next stage of production of explosives at the lowest cost.

According to the twelfth aspect, the movement of these liquid materials, namely, ammonium nitrate, matrix, diesel, aqueous phase, oil phase and sensitizer, is carried out by means of a pump, while the matrix is moved by means of a screw pump, a plunger pump, a diaphragm pump; and solid ammonium nitrate, a physical density modifier and porous granular ammonium nitrate are moved through a screw conveyor. Thus, manual labor is eliminated, automatic loading is carried out and efficiency is improved. The efficiency of moving materials between different blocks is improved and the production capacity and efficiency of explosives is further improved.

According to the thirteenth aspect, the entire preparatory work station is mobile and has an integrated power device for moving between different areas and quickly entering into the working position for operation; or

the entire preparatory workstation is assembled from blocks, does not contain an embedded power device, and is moved by means of a vehicle to perform a quick assembly and commissioning after moving between different areas; or

The entire preparatory workstation is a device and is installed among the blasting sites in various fields for the manufacture and delivery of half-finished products and / or raw materials of several types of explosives to the blasting sites.

In three possible ways, the preparatory workstation is located far from the blasting site based on security considerations, laws and regulations. In addition, the regulation of various frequencies can conveniently be performed in accordance with the set production objectives.

According to the fourteenth aspect, the preparatory work station for the manufacture of an explosive comprises a storage and transportation unit of raw material I, an aqueous phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a matrix preparation and displacement unit, a mixed loading and displacement unit and an additive unit;

the source material I is transferred to the preparatory workstation from the outside, while the source material I is moved to the storage and transportation unit of the source material I, then after the water phase is created by the water phase preparation unit, the water phase and oil phase created by the oil phase preparation unit are moved to a module for preparing and moving a matrix to create a matrix; one part of the matrix is moved to an external matrix delivery station, and the other part is moved to a block of mixed loading and moving;

after the matrix has been received by the mixed load and transfer unit, further additives are taken from the additive block, and they are placed separately with heat preservation and storage and moving together outside the preparatory workstation, for example, to the blasting site, with a mixed load and movement block, and then loaded into an explosive well for the preparation of explosives by the method of mixed loading.

This scheme is used only for the manufacture of emulsion explosives.

According to this aspect of loading into a blast hole at the blasting site, in order to overcome many of the above defects when using an intermediate cartridge, the method of manufacturing explosives at a site with different densities and loading into the blast hole is designed to avoid using an intermediate cartridge, namely the method includes following stages:

first stage: the calculation of the consumption of explosives per unit of an explosive well or per unit area of blasting operations according to the conditions of the blasting operations and the intended purpose of blasting operations;

second stage: pre-installation of various explosive densities in accordance with the rock hardness, the presence of cracks in the rock, peripheral water content and other explosive conditions or explosive objectives, namely the mixing of the matrix, sensitizer, porous granulated ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and physical density modifier in accordance with a number of predetermined proportions;

the third stage: loading of explosives with a number of densities into a series of explosive wells at the blasting site in accordance with a number of densities of explosives specified in the second stage, 11 029243

for example, loading explosives with predetermined densities into blast holes for blasting, driving holes between blast holes, removing intermediate cartridges and reserving a sealing and filling section of a certain length at the extreme end of each blasting hole;

fourth step: performing a seal by laying blast holes.

That is, the densities of explosives are set differently according to the breed and various other objects for blasting and different conditions, thereby achieving different detonation speeds and further achieving the various required explosive actions. Densities of explosives are defined differently, which are represented as different explosives with different densities, and in the present invention, explosives are essentially referred to as explosives with different densities.

When loading explosives with different densities, the specific consumption of explosives is kept constant, the explosive loading length increases, and the explosive energy can evenly act on the blast hole to achieve the goals of improving efficiency, facilitating the process, optimizing the explosive effect and reducing the cost of mining.

Compared with the traditional process, explosives with different densities are used. Since explosives contain a physical density modifier that is not involved in an explosive chemical reaction, the situation is similar in the difference of the spaced section in the prior art, and the physical density modifier can be evenly distributed in explosives to form a continuous explosive column, namely different densities, the detonation energy can evenly act on the blast hole, and the blasting effect is naturally better. Explosives with different densities are loaded by a mixed loading vehicle in place for explosives with different densities, so that the efficiency of the explosive loading is improved, the process is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

Through the use of explosives with different densities, the densities of explosives in a blast hole can be adjusted instantly, detonation speeds can also be adjusted and a complete connection of the explosive charge can be made; the energy of the explosive can fully act on the rock, so the cost of piercing decreases.

Through the use of explosives with different densities, the process of loading an explosive using an intermediate cartridge is also eliminated, funds are saved and efficiency is also improved. Since the use of an intermediate cartridge is not required, the intermediate cartridge can be removed. Thus, various forms of intermediate cartridges, such as bamboo pipes, PVC pipes, slag ore, air blockages and downhole cartridges, can be saved, and many drawbacks can also be avoided by using intermediate cartridges.

By using the process of pouring explosives with different densities into blast holes, you can create the lowest bookmark height. Essentially, the height of the laying of an explosive well is 20–35 times the diameter of the explosive well, preferably 20–23 times. Thus, it is possible to provide an explosive effect, and after the explosion, it is possible to simultaneously effectively avoid the appearance of large crushed stones in the wellbore section.

The specific consumption of explosives refers to the consumption of explosives per cubic meter of rock or per ton of rock and the unit of measure is kg / m ³ or kg / t. Since there is no intermediate cartridge, explosives with different densities are uniformly loaded into the blast hole, and the shock waves evenly act on the rock on the wall of the blast hole when the explosives are detonated. Since a full explosive load mix is used, the rock can be better crushed. As the bookmark height decreases, it is possible to effectively overcome the problem of large fragmented stones at the hole in the hole, the amount of rock for secondary crushing is reduced, and the specific consumption of explosives can be further reduced by optimizing the parameters of the system of hole holes and other means.

Brief description of graphic materials

FIG. 1 is a complete diagram of the present invention;

in fig. 2 shows the complete layout of the matrix delivery station according to the present invention; in fig. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment in which a heat / heat storage tank can be discharged and placed in a delivery station for conversion into a unit.

storage;

in fig. 4 is a diagram of an embodiment in which a matrix input unit is converted into a storage unit after being inserted into the delivery station and stably stopped;

in fig. 5 shows the general scheme of the preparatory workstation;

in fig. 6 shows an embodiment where the starting material I is in the storage unit and trans- 12 029243

porting the source material I is made in the form of liquid ammonium nitrate and other oxidizing agents;

in fig. 7 shows an embodiment where the starting material I in the storage and transportation unit of the starting material I is made in the form of solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidizing agents; in fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an aqueous phase preparation unit; in fig. 9 shows an embodiment of an oil phase preparation unit; in fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a storage and transportation unit for starting material II;

in fig. 11 shows an embodiment with a combination of a cooking and moving unit and a mixed loading and moving unit;

in fig. 11-2 shows another embodiment of the matrix preparation unit in the preparation and matrix transfer unit;

in fig. 12 presents one of the best embodiments;

in fig. 13 shows a general scheme of a preparatory workstation that only manufactures an emulsion explosive according to the present invention;

in fig. 14 is a comparison diagram of a method for filling an explosive well according to the present invention.

Detailed description of embodiments

Claims (1)

The claims and the invention will now be described in conjunction with the following examples. A method of manufacturing explosives includes a local loading station, a loading preparation station and a preparation and delivery system. The system of preparation and delivery additionally contains a preparatory workstation and a matrix delivery station. As shown in