EA027456B1 - Process for obtaining thermal energy by the combustion of hydrogen in admixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides and installation for the application of the process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and an installation for obtaining thermal energy by the combustion of hydrogen in admixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides in the presence of a magnesium catalyst which is a mixture of magnesium chips and powder. The process for obtaining the thermal energy according to the invention consists of a first stage wherein the combustion of hydrogen in admixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides in the presence of the magnesium catalyst is performed in an enclosure with orifices for discharging the gases and the carbon and/or sulphur atoms, with the formation of MgO and water and a second stage wherein magnesium is regenerated in the same enclosure by introducing extra hydrogen. The installation for the application of the process comprises a housing (1) made of stainless steel whereupon a cover (3) is secured, said cover (3) being connected to a conduit for supplying hydrogen (2), said housing (1) comprising a chamber for the uniform distribution of hydrogen (M1), a chamber for the uniform distribution of the mixture comprising carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides (M2), a chamber (M3) for the homogenization of hydrogen in admixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides, a catalyst chamber (14) wherein a magnesium catalyst is placed as a mixture of chips and powder, copper or stainless steel pipes (7), (8), which ensure the transport and uniform distribution of hydrogen and a gaseous mixture of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides, respectively, a deflector (16) for the homogenization of the gaseous mixture, and at the outer side of the housing there are provided a conduit for the completion of the catalyst (17), a conduit for supplying hydrogen (2), a conduit for supplying the gaseous mixture comprising carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or sulphur oxides (4), and a conduit for discharging carbon and/or sulphur (10).

Description

The subject of the invention is a method for generating thermal energy by burning hydrogen with the addition of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides in the presence of a magnesium catalyst and a corresponding apparatus for implementing the proposed method.

The method of producing thermal energy by burning hydrogen with the addition of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides in the presence of a magnesium catalyst is based on the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce water and spontaneous release of a carbon, nitrogen and / or sulfur atom, and thermal energy is well controlled in a simple, reliable, efficient and highly safe installation that can make a significant contribution to reducing emissions from the atmosphere or other gas mixture, for example carbon dioxide, which is abundant in nature, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and / or sulfur oxides, especially sulfur dioxide, from industrial gas mixtures. The claimed method has both domestic and industrial applications. Carbon dioxide can be used in the combustion process directly or in a mixture with other substances, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, which makes it possible to restore carbon oxides, nitrogen and / or sulfur to carbon, nitrogen and / or sulfur.

Global warming, caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is a serious problem with air quality. Carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas released from the burning of fossil fuels used for heating, electricity and transportation, and as a result is the main cause of climate change. Measures are being taken to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, such as reducing energy consumption, increasing energy efficiency, or using alternative renewable energy sources. The main alternative to the use of combustible minerals for energy is hydrogen energy. Having been originally used in the chemical, electronic and space industries for more than three decades, hydrogen has also attracted the attention of authorities, research organizations, as well as the business community, as clean fuel for transport or as a source of electrical energy. Numerous multidisciplinary studies have been carried out, effective technologies have been developed for the production, extraction, purification, storage, transportation and use of hydrogen in safe conditions.

Hydrogen is the most environmentally friendly fuel (only water is formed when water is burned) and at the same time the most efficient energy carrier, having an energy capacity per unit mass 2.1 times greater than that of natural gases. Hydrogen is also the most universal renewable energy source used everywhere in the world, regardless of traditional sources of energy, both fuel for engines of all types of vehicles and for heating plants that have a wide range of applications (residential buildings, buildings, settlements), as well as for powering fuel cells that produce electrical energy without pollution, which has many uses, including electronics, telecommunications and information technology.

To use hydrogen as fuel, an important firebox problem should be solved. The combustion rate of pure hydrogen is in the range of 265-325 cm / s and is very large compared to the combustion rate of methane, which is 37-45 cm / s. For this reason, under normal conditions, hydrogen cannot sustain the flame. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the intensity of hydrogen combustion, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.

The flame temperature and the propagation velocity of the combustion front depend on the composition of the mixture being burned, and this composition can determine an increase in the size of the flame and a decrease in its propagation velocity. Depending on the specific requirements of a particular method of use, the composition of the mixture burned should be optimized very carefully. When burning hydrogen, as a rule, it is necessary to carry out maintenance of the burners more often, since fast combustion often makes it possible for the flame to contact the components of the burner, which leads to their rapid destruction.

At the global level, solutions have been conceived and implemented regarding the adaptation of fossil fuel power plants to the use of hydrogen. Since 1993, as part of a demonstration project carried out in Germany by 8 \ HC. The operation of some boilers with a heat capacity of 20 kW using burners that were adapted to burn hydrogen, natural gas, or some mixtures of these gases was tested (1i1egiayioia1 1oigia1 οί Nubgodep Epegdu, νοί. 19, p. 10, 1994). In Japan, new Rankin cycles were developed for power plants that use hydrogen as fuel (1n1egpaOop1 1oita1 oG Epegdu, νο1. 1, p. 1, Radek 29-46, 2004).

Inadequately designed hydrogen burners vibrate and create noise. More importantly, in such poorly designed burners, the flame can be very unstable and exit the burner. Some burner manufacturers limit their hydrogen concentration to 90-95%, filling the rest with methane. The globally recognized outstanding results were obtained by the American company Soep from California. It was reported that some boilers were developed and started to be operated at around 250,000 pounds per hour (113.5 t / h) using 95% hydrogen with Soep burners.

- 1 027456

Moreover, this company can produce burners that burn 100% hydrogen in steam boilers of ResHesN or BaSosk & ssokh.

The Taiwanese company Ee Ri Teploduodu currently produces hydrogen-oxygen burners with a maximum heat capacity of 250,000 kcal / h, designed for boilers, heat treatment furnaces and other applications (\ y \ y \ y.y.y.y.ot.1 \ y).

In order to safely burn hydrogen, it is important to reduce the rate of combustion at the level of hydrogen injectors, so that traditional pressure and flow rate control devices become insufficient. The American company С-В НАТСОМ has developed (for the chemical plant Θ1ίη СЫот СНеписаЕ) a burner with numerous areas of hydrogen injection (the company had an excess of hydrogen at a pressure of 0.48 bar), which closed and opened, thereby providing pressure in the optimal range (intended for aquubular boilers with capacity of 34 t / h and operating at a pressure of the order of 10 bar). A system of 6 such zones provides a degree of customization of 20: 1. The developed control system ensures safe and efficient operation in five combustion modes: only natural gas, only fuel oil, only hydrogen, hydrogen with natural gas and hydrogen with fuel oil. To reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides in the installation, direct contact of the fuel with air is prevented by steam injection at the outer boundary of the hydrogen injectors. Also, in order to avoid the formation of nitrogen oxides, the operating temperature must be kept below 650 ° C. In the aforementioned chemical factory, to complete the project of installing two steam boilers using excess hydrogen if necessary (the presence of hydrogen as an excess product is not constant), natural gas or fuel oil, it takes 14 months. The benefits growing year by year due to rising fuel prices are estimated at $ 2.5 million annually.

In August 2008, a similar system for using excess hydrogen as fuel for steam boilers was put into operation by the Kipsotp factory (in the north-west of England) of the company 1-8 SNCOK, the world literature in the production of chlorine-containing compounds (1Bp: // \ y \ u \ u.s.11et1sa1grose5 .5I18.sot / agPc1e5 / 2010/132 bt1).

PCT Patent Application UO 2009/068424 A1 (Applicant A1b1ot Tesboduodu L1y, Switzerland), which is an improved version of PCT Patent Application UO 2006/058843 A1, discloses a sectoral dual transient upward flow with a vortex generator and mixing sector, dual upward flow with transition sector and dual downward flow with a combustion chamber.

PCT Patent Application UO 2007/021053 A1 (Applicant Eait Epetdu Co. from South Korea) presents a hydrogen gas burner and a heat supply system that uses this burner. Hydrogen is generated directly in the electrolytic cell by electrolysis of an aqueous solution and filtered before use. The application also presents the possibility of temporary storage of hydrogen obtained by electrolysis in a metal alloy, with a view to further use in the burner. It also provides effective absorption of the released thermal energy, which prevents overheating of the hydrogen supply nozzle. In accordance with this invention, the burner can be used in household cooking devices.

PCT patent application UO 2006/136316 A1 (applicant O1asot1sh Z.R.A, Italy) presents a catalytic hydrogen burner operating under reliable conditions at a low temperature (about 300 ° C) without flame. The first catalyst for the primary oxidation of hydrogen in the air stream at ambient temperature is supplemented by another catalyst in a downward flow in the combustion chamber to further support oxidation. To prevent clogging of the pores of the catalyst, the air used is cleaned and pumped by the compressor. The burner serves as a heat source for temperature and / or water heating systems in residential buildings.

PCT Patent Application UO 2006/058843 A1 (Applicant AEyut Teplodu L1y, Switzerland) presents a method and apparatus for burning gaseous fuels containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen. The burner has a vortex generator, and gaseous fuel is introduced in the longitudinal direction and / or coaxially, and the air flow necessary for combustion is introduced tangentially and is rotating.

In the PCT patent application UO 2007/024301 A1 (applicant O1asot1sh Z.R.A, Italy), hydrogen is mixed in air and burned in a combustion chamber on a catalyst (e.g. palladium, platinum) at low temperatures (200-450 ° C) without flame.

Hydrogen is supplied at low pressure, preferably 20 mbar. Around the combustion chamber are heat exchangers intersected by pipes with exhaust gases, the heat released during combustion is taken away by the water cooling system. Heated water can be stored in the tank and used as needed. Hydrogen can be obtained directly on site by electrolysis, or it can be taken from the cylinders where it is stored after pressure has been reduced. A patented burner can be used to equip a building's heating system. If hot water is not required, hydrogen can accumulate and be stored in hydrogen compounds of metals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method of the present invention is a method of generating thermal energy by burning hydrogen with the addition of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, which is a combination of magnesium wafers and a powder, which eliminates the disadvantages described above .

The subject of the invention is a method for producing thermal energy by burning hydrogen with the addition of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, the hydrogen being burned in the first stage in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, consisting of a combination of magnesium thin plates and powder, in a chamber with exhaust openings gases and carbon atoms and / or sulfur atoms, if sulfur oxides are present in the mixture, with the formation of MDO and water, and in the second stage, magnesium is reduced in the same chamber by introducing additional portly. The following reactions proceed at these two stages:

Н ₂ + СО _Х + Μβ -> ΜβΟ + С + Н2О + ζ), and / or Н2 + ΝχΟ _γ + Μβ—> ΜβΟ + N2 + Η2Ο + Ρ, and / or Η ₂ + δθ _χ + Μβ -> ΜβΟ + δ + Η ₂ Ο + Ρ, in the first stage, and ΜβΟ + H2 -> Μβ + Η2Ο + О, in the second stage.

CO _X may be carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, Ν _Χ Ο _Υ may be any nitric oxide, for example, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrous anhydride, nitrogen tetroxide, etc., or any mixture thereof . 5O _X may be any sulfur oxide, for example sulfur dioxide or sulfur gas, especially sulfur dioxide, which is present in emissions from thermal fossil fuel power plants.

In accordance with an embodiment, the invention relates to methods for generating thermal energy by burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide, the hydrogen being burned in the first stage in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, consisting of a combination of magnesium thin plates and powder, in a chamber with openings for the release of gases and atoms carbon and / or sulfur atoms, if sulfur oxides are present in the mixture, with the formation of MgO and water, and in the second stage, magnesium is reduced in the same chamber by introducing additional hydrogen. The following reactions proceed at these two stages:

H ₂ + CO ₂ + Md MdO + C + H ₂ O + O

MdO + n ₂ -> Mg + n ₂ o + o and in accordance with the overall balance of the reaction, the catalyst (Md)

and the cycle is closed.

In the reaction of a mixture of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides with hydrogen, carbon oxides, nitrogen and / or sulfur oxides are reduced, therefore, the method of the present invention can significantly reduce air pollution by eliminating said oxides. Carbon, nitrogen, and / or sulfur oxides are typically present in gaseous emissions from fossil-fired thermal power plants.

Installation for burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides in accordance with the present invention eliminates the disadvantages of the technical solutions presented earlier, since the installation consists of a stainless steel body (1), for example, a stainless steel pipe, and there is a shell (3) connected to the pipeline (2) supplying hydrogen, the following elements are inside the case:

a chamber for uniform distribution of hydrogen (M1), located between the shell (3) and the shell (5), located inside the housing (1), both shells are made of stainless steel;

a chamber for uniform distribution of the gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides (M2), located between the shell (5) and the shell (6) located inside the housing (1) and made of stainless steel;

a chamber for hydrogen homogenization in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides (M3) formed between the shell (9) made of stainless steel and a contact chamber (14), said chamber for hydrogen homogenization in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides (M3) contains silica sand or hexagonal silica crystals, hereinafter referred to as silica layer (18);

a contact chamber (14) containing magnesium catalyst (13), which is a mixture of magnesium thin plates and powder, with magnesium powder arranged in the direction of the inner side of the housing, and magnesium plates mounted on the outside around the magnesium powder, this special arrangement allows to reduce the flow rate hydrogen and maintaining magnesium powder in the contact chamber (14) of the pipe (7), (8) made of copper or stainless steel, designed for transport and uniform distribution of hydrogen - a pipe (7), and respectively for transport and uniform propagation of the gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides - the tube (8) on the surface of the quartz layer (18) and the catalyst (13);

- 3 027456 reflector (16), providing twisting of the hydrogen flow in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides. The reflector can be made of a piece of metal, the configuration of which ensures the swirling of the gas mixture flow;

and on the outside of the housing (1), in front of the entrance to the quartz layer (18) there is a pipeline to the catalyst (17) to make up for the losses, which is connected with the contact chamber (14);

a pipeline (2) supplying hydrogen connected to the shell (3);

a pipeline (4) supplying a gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, which is connected to a chamber for uniform distribution of the gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides (M2);

a pipeline (10) for removing carbon and / or sulfur;

optionally, a hot air guide for industrial applications.

Installation and method for generating thermal energy by burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, which is a mixture of magnesium thin plates and magnesium powder, for thermal power plants for domestic and industrial use, as stated in the invention have the following advantages:

allow hydrogen to be burned in a mixture with oxides both at low and medium pressures (0.10.6 bar);

reduce environmental pollution by reducing carbon atoms and / or sulfur atoms;

allow to obtain high-purity carbon, which can be used in various fields;

allow you to control the burning rate and the required temperature, with numerous industrial applications;

provide a well-controlled combustion atmosphere, which allows industrial use; provide a more perfect use of excess hydrogen produced by chemical plants and in specialized units in order to obtain thermal energy or electric energy;

using a relatively cheap catalyst (MD), which ensures the transition of O ₂ from carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides to H ₂ based on simple reactions in which 2 moles of H ₂ and a maximum of one mole of CO _{2 are used} ;

the installation has a relatively simple design; the method is safe during operation; have high reliability;

The method allows you to track the temperature and the mixture being burned, thereby regulating the rate of burning of hydrogen.

Further, the invention is disclosed in more detail in accordance with the implementation, moreover, as a mixture, a mixture containing mainly carbon dioxide is used.

In FIG. 1-6 are presented in FIG. 1 - installation for the combustion of hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide; FIG. 3 - detail B, an example of mounting a contact chamber; FIG. 4 - detail C, an example of mounting a reflector; FIG. 5 is an example of a reflector profile;

FIG. 6 illustrates methods for directing heat through air by a fan for industrial applications.

The method of producing thermal energy by burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide, as claimed in the invention, includes, at the first stage, the combustion of hydrogen, occurs in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, consisting of a combination of magnesium thin plates and powder, in a chamber with openings for the release of gases and carbon atoms , with the formation of MDO and water, and in the second stage, magnesium is reduced in the same chamber by introducing additional hydrogen. The following reactions proceed at these two stages:

1) Н ₂ + СО ₂ + Мd МДО + С + Н ₂ О + 0

2) MdO + H ₂ -> Md + H ₂ O + O and in accordance with the overall reaction balance: catalyst (Md)

2Н ₂ О + СО ₂ С + 2Н ₂ О + and the cycle is closed.

As you can see, two moles of hydrogen are used for the mole of carbon dioxide from the heat balance of the reaction. Quantitatively in the reaction, approximately 2400 Jt ³ H ₂ / h and 1200 Jt ³ (Xb / h, then

- 4 027456 is 2 moles of Н ₂ for the largest 1 mole of СО ₂ , in the volume of a cylindrical chamber with magnesium, for example Ό 300x30 (about 5.7 kg Md).

Combustion takes place on the surface of a layer of magnesium wafers, where hydrogen combines with oxygen and a carbon atom is released, the layer of magnesium wafers being placed on the outside of the magnesium powder layer, which is located on the inside of the chamber. Magnesium tends to oxidize, but it can be reduced by introducing hydrogen into the chamber, which leads to the release of oxygen atoms to combine with hydrogen atoms. Both oxidation reactions of magnesium and hydrogen are exothermic with a large yield of thermal energy, which is partially spent on the breakdown of carbon dioxide. The catalyst and the maximum possible carbon dioxide flow rate (maximum 1 mol of CO ₂ per 2 mol of H ₂ ) provide a decrease in the rate of hydrogen combustion to about the rate of combustion of methane (37-45 m / s), and the quartz layer ensures homogenization of the mixture of H2 and CO2 and stops flame when the hydrogen supply stops (prevents the flame from spreading to the hydrogen supply system).

The method of producing thermal energy by burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide in accordance with the invention can have various domestic and industrial applications.

In the case of domestic use, the method in accordance with the invention is as follows:

the hydrogen supply line valve is open so that the minimum flow rate is about 10% of the nominal flow rate;

hydrogen is ignited, for example, by a piezoelectric installation; the hydrogen flow rate increases after at least 10 s;

the carbon dioxide supply pipeline valve is open in such a way that it provides an optimum molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon dioxide of at least 2: 1.

To stop the operation, they are interchanged in comparison with those that are carried out at startup.

In the case of industrial applications, the method in accordance with the invention is as follows:

the primary ignition of hydrogen is carried out by a flame from methane, which is ignited using a piezoelectric installation, and the primary flame is directed perpendicular to the axis of the hydrogen burner;

the valve of the hydrogen supply pipeline is open in such a way that provides a maximum flow rate, which depends on the type of installation and can range from several m ³ / h to several thousand m ³ / h;

the carbon dioxide supply pipeline valve is opened in such a way that it provides a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon dioxide of at least 2: 1 (in accordance with the chemical reaction, 2 moles of hydrogen react with one mole of carbon dioxide).

The process of stopping combustion occurs in the reverse order compared to how it occurs during start-up, namely, the cessation of the supply of carbon dioxide, the cessation of the supply of hydrogen, the extinction of the primary methane flame. Industrial plants are also provided with two optical sensors for the primary flame and for the flame of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which are included in a special automation circuit, which is not the object of the present invention, and as is known, is carried out by specialists on the basis of the sequence of operation of the installation described above.

In an industrial embodiment, the installation is cooled by a stream of air pumped by a fan, which is directed into the chamber, which allows cooling the installation shown in FIG. 1. Heated air moves in a vortex manner through a truncated cone-shaped space inside the burner hearth. The pipeline directing hot air to the boiler is made of copper pipes, which ensures heat transfer to the ventilated air.

The installation claimed in the invention, in both domestic and industrial applications, solves the problem of burning hydrogen mixed with carbon dioxide and other oxides as described above by means of a catalyst consisting of thin magnesium plates and a powder, which allows carbon atoms to be produced and thereby contributes and reducing the excess of carbon dioxide in nature, under conditions of maximum safety, in accordance with the claimed method.

The installation claimed in the invention consists of a stainless steel housing (1), for example, a stainless steel pipe, and there is a shell (3) connected to the pipeline (2) supplying hydrogen, the following elements are located inside the housing (1):

a chamber for uniform distribution of hydrogen (M1), located between the shell (3) and the shell (5), located inside the housing (1), both shells are made of stainless steel;

a chamber for uniform distribution of carbon dioxide (M2), located between the shell (5) and the shell (6), located inside the housing (1) and made of stainless steel;

a chamber for homogenizing hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide (M3) formed between the shell (9) made of stainless steel and a contact chamber (14), said chamber for homogenizing hydrogen in a mixture with carbon dioxide (M3) contains a quartz layer (18) ; quartz sand or quartz crystals in the quartz layer (18) may have a grain size of 0.8-2 mm;

- 5 027456 contact chamber (14) containing magnesium catalyst (13), which is a mixture of magnesium thin plates and powder, with magnesium powder arranged in the direction of the inner side of the housing, and magnesium plates mounted on the outer side around the magnesium powder, this special arrangement allows reduce the flow rate of hydrogen; the contact chamber (14) can be made of stainless steel mesh, for example with a mesh size of 50 nm, and the magnesium catalyst (13) is contained in the form of a mixture of magnesium plates and powder in the aforementioned manner;

pipes (7), (8) made of copper or stainless steel, designed for transport and uniform distribution of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, respectively, to the surface of the quartz layer (18) and catalyst (13);

reflector (16), which ensures the twisting of the hydrogen flow in a mixture with carbon dioxide through a quartz layer (18). The reflector can be made of a piece of metal, the configuration of which ensures the swirling of the gas mixture flow;

and on the outside of the housing (1) there is a pipeline to the catalyst (17) to make up for losses, which is associated with the contact chamber (14);

a pipeline (2) supplying hydrogen connected to the shell (3);

a pipeline (4) supplying carbon dioxide, which is connected to the chamber for uniform distribution of carbon dioxide (M2);

pipeline (10) for carbon recovery;

optionally, a hot air guide for industrial applications.

An example of the placement of pipes (7) and (8) inside the housing (1) is shown in FIG. 2. An example of fixing a contact chamber (14) with a magnesium element as a catalyst is shown in FIG. 3, and fixing in this case is carried out using a nut (11), gaskets (12) and an elastic element (15).

Preferably, a bevel of 15 ° in height is technologically made on the lower side of the contact chamber (14) so that the carbon remaining in the chamber can be recovered through the pipeline (10).

A preferred shape and fixing of the reflector (16) is shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 respectively. The stainless steel bolt (19) has a tight fit for fixing in the pipe for the distribution of carbon dioxide, and it has holes that allow carbon dioxide to penetrate into the quartz layer (18).

A magnesium catalyst is a set of thin plates and powder and occupies a contact chamber (14), which can be made in the form of a sieve. The ratio of the mass of magnesium plates to the mass of magnesium powder can vary from 5/1 to 4/1.

From the chamber for uniform distribution of hydrogen (M1), hydrogen uniformly propagates through pipes (7), which can be expanded or welded to the shells (5), (6) or (9) to isolate the chambers.

Carbon dioxide is evenly distributed through pipes (8). They are attached to shells (6) and (9), for example, by extension or welding, depending on the material used (for example, copper or stainless steel). Following the combustion process, the catalyst (13), which ensures the transition of oxygen from carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) to hydrogen (H ₂ ), can be consumed, which requires periodic recovery in the contact chamber (14), for example, through a pipeline (17).

In industrial applications, it is necessary to direct the flame and heat by means of cold air pumped from outside the combustion plant in accordance with FIG. 6. The cold air pumped by the fan, which is equipped with a boiler, which is not shown in the drawings, is directed into the chamber, which allows cooling the installation described in FIG. 1, then the heated air passes through the space in the form of a truncated cone, where the radiator plates of sheet metal (27) are welded inside the combustion chamber of the boiler (20). The housing (22) contains a system of supply pipes (23), for example, with a number of 12 pieces and containing copper filler inside (26), for example, pipes with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, cut to a length of 10 mm, which ensures heat transfer from the housing to a ventilated the air. In industrial installations, there should also be a primary flame obtained by igniting methane with a piezoelectric system (21), which is supplied through a pipeline (25).

Part of the carbon, produced during the decomposition of CO ₂ in the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen from the CO 2 is discharged via line (10) and the remaining part is dissipated by the bottom of the boiler furnace where the installation is located, so it is necessary to periodically clean the boiler. It is important to note that it is not allowed to accumulate in industrial plants more than 50 kg of atomic carbon in the furnace (the burning place inside the boiler, which is shown in the drawings), since there is a risk of ignition and, therefore, a risk of melting the furnace.

If it is impossible to provide a carbon dioxide concentration of more than 98-99%, in the method claimed in the invention, it is allowed to use a mixture of carbon dioxide with other gases, for example oxygen and nitrogen or nitrogen oxides.

- 6 027456

In the embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to use a mixture of gases containing 40-60% nitrogen, 24% oxygen, 36-48% carbon dioxide, the gas mixture can be obtained from ongoing chemical processes.

In another implementation of the invention, it is also possible to use a gas mixture containing 1012% oxygen, 10-12% carbon dioxide, N0 * in an amount of 250-300 mg / m ³ and the remainder is nitrogen.

In another embodiment of the invention, the gas mixture may further comprise sulfur dioxide, which is contained in emissions from fossil-fired thermal power plants.

Examples

Example 1

An apparatus having an external diameter of 300 mm, a length of 300 mm, a thickness of a layer of magnesium plates of 30 mm, a thickness of a layer of magnesium powder of 5 mm and a thickness of a quartz layer of 20 mm is used.

Under these conditions, hydrogen can be burned at flow rates from 900 mm ³ / h to 3000 m ³ / h, and the rate of carbon dioxide combustion is half the rate of hydrogen combustion (since 2 moles of hydrogen account for 1 mole of carbon dioxide).

In all cases, the need for oxygen in a free state or in carbon dioxide is taken into account, which ensures complete combustion of hydrogen.

Example 2

In the industrial version of the installation, in addition to the installation described in example 1, a case with a diameter of 1200 mm and a fan are used, the latter providing both cooling of the previously presented installation and the direction of the flame. A methane feed line is also used, the combustion of which produces a primary flame, and which is ignited by a piezoelectric installation.

The duty cycle is as follows: at start-up - venting the boiler, stopping ventilation, ignition of the primary flame, gradually opening the hydrogen supply valve, gradually opening the carbon dioxide supply valve, introducing hot air to direct the flame and heat, and when stopping - stopping the ventilation, stopping the flow carbon dioxide, cessation of hydrogen supply, extinguishing the primary flame.

Obviously, for specialists in this field, the method and installation in accordance with the invention disclosed above in relation to a characteristic implementation of the invention, in which the combustion of hydrogen occurs in a mixture containing predominantly carbon dioxide, can be implemented in a similar way to burn hydrogen with other gas mixtures containing any carbon oxides and / or any nitrogen oxides and / or any sulfur oxides in any combination and in any proportions.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. The method of producing thermal energy by burning hydrogen in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, characterized in that: a) in the first stage, hydrogen is burned in a chamber with openings for the release of gases and carbon atoms and / or sulfur atoms with the formation of MdO and water in the presence of a magnesium catalyst, consisting of a combination of magnesium thin plates and powder, and b) in the second stage, the magnesium catalyst is reduced in the same chamber by introducing additional hydrogen with the formation of water and heat. 2. The method according to claim 1, suitable for industrial use, characterized in that the flame and heat generated during the combustion of hydrogen and magnesium are removed by a stream of cold air directed by hot air after the air passes through a system containing a filler made of copper pipes, based on the following duty cycle: at start-up - ventilation of the boiler, stopping of ventilation, ignition of the primary flame, gradual opening of the hydrogen supply valve, gradual opening of the gas supply valve si from various oxides, the introduction of hot air to direct the flame and heat, and when stopped - the cessation of ventilation, the cessation of the supply of the gas mixture from various oxides, the cessation of hydrogen supply, the extinction of the primary flame. 3. Installation for implementing the method according to claims 1 to 2, designed to burn hydrogen in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, in accordance with the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation consists of a stainless steel casing steel (1), and there is a shell (3) connected to the pipeline (2) supplying hydrogen, and inside the case (1) there are the following elements: a chamber (M1) for uniform distribution of hydrogen, located between the shell (3) and the shell (5), located inside the housing (1), both shells are made of stainless steel; a chamber (M2) for uniform distribution of the gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, located between the shell (5) and the shell (6) located inside the housing (1) and made of stainless steel; - 7 027456 chamber (M3) for the homogenization of hydrogen mixed with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides formed between the shell (9) made of stainless steel and the contact chamber (14), and the chamber contains a quartz layer (eighteen); the contact chamber (14) contains a magnesium catalyst (13), which is a mixture of magnesium thin plates and powder; pipes (7), (8) made of copper or stainless steel, where pipes (7) are designed for transport and uniform distribution of hydrogen and pipes (8) respectively for transport and uniform distribution of a gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides on the surface of the quartz layer (18) and the catalyst (13); a mixing reflector (16) located in the chamber (M3), ensuring the twisting of the hydrogen flow in a mixture with carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides to the quartz layer (18); and on the outside of the housing (1) are located a pipeline to the catalyst (17) to make up for losses, which is associated with the contact chamber (14); a pipeline (2) for the delivery of hydrogen connected to the shell (3); a pipeline (4) for delivering a gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides, which is connected to a chamber for uniform distribution of the gas mixture containing carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides (M2); a pipeline (10) for removing carbon and / or sulfur; 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a housing (22); additional pipes (23) for supplying air to the filler made of copper pipes (26); methane supply conduit providing primary flame (25); a set of holes located along the maximum diameter of the housing in the region of the truncated cone (24), which ensure the release of hot air from the burner.