EA026011B1 - Supporting and packing wheel of a tillage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed invention is related to agricultural machine-building, in particular, to supporting and packing wheels of combined tillage units, and can be used in tillage units for non-mouldboard cultivation. The objective of the claimed invention is higher operational reliability of a supporting and packing wheel of a tillage unit on clayey and clay-loam soils. Said objective is attained by provision of a supporting and packing wheel of a tillage unit comprising a hollow cylinder with vertical disks having mounted on their axles bearing assemblies with links fastened to them, wherein the outside surface of the hollow cylinder carries a row of toothed disks between which plate-like scrapers are mounted at an angle α=10-15° in respect of the horizontal plane, their points being positioned at a vertical distance h=0.70-0.75 radius of the hollow cylinder, the toothed disks being made in the shape of sectors and being equally spaced on the surface of the hollow cylinder. The supporting and packing wheel of a tillage unit allows reliable operation on clayey and clay-loam soils having an elevated moisture content of 23-25%.

Description

The alleged invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the supporting-rolling rollers of combined soil cultivating units and can be used in soil cultivating units for irrigated soil treatment.

Known skating rink combined tillage unit, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, where the ribs used rods connecting vertical round discs connected to a spring-loaded frame [1].

The skating rink crumbles lumps of soil and levels the surface.

Since the edges of the roller are relatively rare from each other around the circumference of the cylinder, part of the lumps of soil remains unaffected and therefore not destroyed. The skating rink moves through large surface soil lumps and partially presses them into softer underlying soil. With this operation of the roller, the soil surface is not sufficiently loose.

The closest in technical essence is the roller of the combined soil cultivating unit, which consists of an external hollow and an internal hollow smooth cylinders. The outer hollow cylinder has two vertical discs, on the longitudinal axis of which are the bearing units and rods attached to them, connecting the roller to the frame of the combined tillage unit [2], (prototype).

During the movement of the roller on the surface of the soil, the lumps located on it fall between the ribs into the inner space of the outer hollow cylinder, and inside the smooth cylinder breaks the lumps of soil.

The disadvantage of this rink design is that it can only work under its own weight on light sandy loam soils. With an additional external load on the roller, if it is used as a support-packer, it instantly burrows into the soil and the internal smooth cylinder is not able to squeeze the soil out through the edges of the hollow cylinder.

The disadvantage of the rink is that it cannot work on clay and loamy soils with a moisture content of over 22%. The use of ribbed rollers on clay and loamy soils with a moisture content of 23-25% is difficult due to the ingress of soil into the outer hollow cylinder and its sticking (compression) in a continuous lump, while a smooth cylinder placed in the inner space of the outer hollow cylinder does not perform in such cases its functions for cleaning the soil.

The task of the claimed alleged invention is to increase the reliability of the support-packer roller tillage unit on clay and loamy soils.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the proposed supporting-rolling roller of the soil cultivating unit, including a hollow cylinder with vertical disks, on the axis of which bearing units are mounted with rods attached to them, a number of gear disks with lamellar scrappers installed between them are installed on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder angle α = 10-15 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, while their socks are located vertically from the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder at a distance of 1ι = 0.70-0.75 p radius further toothed wheels are designed as sectors and mounted on the surface of the hollow cylinder at equal distances from each other.

Toothed discs improve traction and make holes for moisture to accumulate after precipitation. The use of plate scrapers provides cleaning of the surface of the cylinder from sticking soil. Toothed disks, made in the form of sectors and mounted on the surface of a hollow cylinder, simplify the design of the supporting-rolling roller as a whole compared to disks made of a solid sheet of metal.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a General view of the supporting-rolling roller of the soil cultivating unit;

in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one; in FIG. 3-sector of the gear disc.

The support roller of the tillage unit consists of a hollow cylinder

I, frames 2, cleaning device 3 and two turnbuckles 4. The hollow cylinder 1 has two vertical end disks 5. On the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder 1 are bearing assemblies 6 to which rods 7 are attached, connected to the frame 2, connected to the frame of the tillage unit (not shown).

On the hollow cylinder 1, the gear disks 8 are fixed at an equal distance from each other. The toothed disc 8 consists of three separate sectors 9, and each sector (Fig. 3) includes four teeth equally spaced in diameter. A cleaning device 3 is mounted on the rods 7 of the frame 2, which consists of a horizontal cylindrical beam 10 connected to the lanyards of 4 brackets

II, and lamellar scrapers 12.

Toothed disks 8 are used for better adhesion to the soil during operation and to create recesses (holes) for accumulating moisture after rain.

The support roller is located last in the processing chain of the tillage unit. The skating rink is used as a support in the work, perceiving the load from the mass of the tillage unit, as well as from its work, during which the unit is pulled into the soil by working bodies.

The outer diameter of the hollow cylinder 1 is optimal in the range of 380-400 mm, the diameter at the upper point of the gear sectors is 510-520 mm, and the optimal length of the support-roller is 2.7-3 diameters or 1400-1500 mm.

When the skating rink operates on clay and loamy soils with a moisture content of 23-25%, the soil sticks to, and the best cleaning occurs when the socks of the plate scrapers are located from the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder at a vertical distance of = = 0.70-0.75 radius, and the cleaners must be installed at an angle α = 10-15 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. The gap between the surface of the hollow cylinder 1 and the toe of the blade cleaner should be 2-4 mm.

Support and compactor roller tillage unit operates as follows.

When the tillage aggregate moves across the field, the support-packer roller, under load from the mass of the aggregate, is buried by the teeth of the sectors into the soil and rolled. The loosened soil by the working bodies of the tillage aggregate contains lumps which, when rolling, breaks the roller into small particles and compacts them.

Clay and loamy soil adhering to the hollow cylinder 1 is cleaned by plate scraper 12 mounted between the gear disks 8. The sides and the outer working surface of the gear disks 8 are self-cleaning due to friction and the difference in peripheral speeds with respect to the cylindrical surface. When moving, the peripheral speed of the outer point of the gear disc is 1.35-1.4 of the peripheral speed of the outer point of the hollow cylinder.

The proposed design of the support-rolling roller is designed, made in metal and is used on the ABT-4 soilless tillage unit. The ABT-4 aggregate has three support-rolling rollers and each roller during the operation of the ABT-4, while preparing the soil for sowing, takes a load of 1500-1600 kg.

The proposed supporting and compacting roller of the tillage unit allows you to work reliably on clay and loamy soils with high soil moisture of 23-25%.

Information sources

1. Agricultural and reclamation machines / N.I. Klenin, V.G. Egorov. M, Kolos, 2003 - p. 41.

2. Patent of Russia 2360390, IPC ⁷ A 01B29 / 04, 2009

Claims (1)

CLAIM The supporting-rolling roller of the tillage unit, including a hollow cylinder with vertical discs, on the axis of which are bearing units with frame linkages attached to them, connected by lanyards with a cleaning device, characterized in that a series of gear discs are fixed on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder, between which a gap of 2-4 mm relative to the outer surface of the hollow cylinder mounted plate scrapers of the cleaning device, while their socks are located vertically about the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder at a distance E = 0,70-75 radius of the hollow cylinder and at an angle α = 10-15 ° relative to the horizontal plane.