EA021434B1 - Purifier assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a purifier assembly used in the treatment of fluids. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing and using such a purifier assembly. The purifier assembly comprises a perforated structure (4) arrangeable in an inlet pipe (2) and/or an outlet pipe (3) for passing the fluid (1, 7) around which at least one mesh structure (5) is installed forming an open channel, representing a spiral-like flow channel, which comprises at least two meshes between which and through which the fluid (1, 7) is arranged to flow in the flow channels, wherein in the perforated structure (4) one or more blocking elements (6, 9) is provided in order to control the flow of the fluid (1, 7) through the perforated structure (4) to the mesh structure (5) and/or vice versa.

Description

(57) The invention relates to a cleaning device for treating a fluid. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing and using said cleaning device. The cleaning device contains a perforated structure (4) installed in the inlet pipe (2) and / or outlet pipe (3) for the passage of flow (1, 7), around which at least one mesh structure (5) is located, forming an open channel, representing a spiral-shaped flow channel containing at least two grids between which and through which a flow of fluid (1, 7) is provided in the flow channels, while in the perforated structure (4) one or more blocking elements (6, 9 ), execution connected with the ability to control the flow (1, 7) of the fluid through the perforated structure (4) into the mesh structure (5) and / or in the opposite direction.

Technical field

The invention relates to a cleaning device used for treating exhaust or exhaust gases. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing and using said cleaning device.

The allowable exhaust emissions of vehicles, operating mechanisms and engines are currently reduced in 2005-2016. will be reduced to a lower level, the achievement of which requires the use of additional cleaning agents. When using diesel vehicles, the most difficult task is to achieve the required level of emissions of dispersed particles (PM) and ΝΟ _Χ , while emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC) can be effectively eliminated using oxidation catalysts. To reduce emissions ΝΟΧ in various operating mechanisms, it is possible to use methods of regulating the technical parameters of the engine (selection of the combustion temperature, conditions in the cylinder, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)), however, when they are used, emissions of CO, HC and PM increase. In the case of smaller engines (passenger cars, small operating mechanisms), emissions ΝΟΧ are usually controlled by adjusting the technical parameters of the engine, and unburned emissions are removed by oxidation catalysts. Particulate Diesel Particulate Filters (DFDs) are well applicable in vehicles to reduce the amount of particles that are harmful to health, providing a degree of conversion of more than 90%. These traditionally used filters belong to the type of walls of the flow type (based on forced flow through the porous wall) based on filtration, in which the formation of a dense layer of particles begins on the wall of the flow channel, and a significant amount of particles are not deposited inside the wall from the moment of their initial accumulation. An alternative is the use of partially filtering filters (partial filters), also known as partial oxidation catalysts (CFC), and having a filtering capacity of about 40-70%. The advantage of partial filters is that they do not need to be serviced regularly, because unlike traditional filters, ash and excess particles can leave a device of this type without external force. Typically, filtered PM soot (coal materials) is subjected to thermal combustion due to excess heat. Soot can be oxidized by intensive combustion when interacting with oxygen at temperatures above 550 ° C or as a result of a slow process at lower temperatures (250-350 ° C) due to interaction with ΝΟ ₂ . ΝΟ ₂ , formed in the oxidation catalyst, oxidizes soot at acceptable low temperatures (> 250-300 ° C) with sufficient efficiency of the oxidation catalyst.

When using effective oxidation catalysts, it is possible to remove a significant portion of the hydrocarbon-containing volatile fraction (LOF = volatile organic fraction or ROF = soluble organic fraction) PM. The proportion of LOF is usually 10–40%, however, in some engines and under certain conditions of their operation, the proportion of LOF in the total number of particles can reach 70–90%. Such conditions are typical for urban transport using old engines and / or certain types of fuel. Accordingly, it is impossible to unambiguously classify oxidation catalysts, partial filters, and full filters by their separation efficiency, however, their separation efficiency and conversion rates overlap depending on operating conditions. Moreover, the efficiency of filter separation, in which particles do not accumulate on the surface of the channels, but in the volume of the filtering phase, in a certain way depends on the flow regime and its linear velocity. Separation efficiency also depends on particle size. In many deep-filtration filters, at high flow rates, particle breakthroughs begin.

To remove the carbon fraction, a longer residence time in the filter or catalyst is necessary. The known continuous regenerative trap (NRL) method involves oxidation on an Ρΐ-containing catalyst, and then on an uncoated or coated catalyst with DPDF (EP341832). The problems arising in the passive method using a traditional filter are associated with situations in which ΝΟ _{2 is} formed in insufficient quantities, for example, during peak hours, and the possibility of using this method requires the use of fuels with a very low sulfur content (8 <10 rpm ), in which the formation of sulfate in an efficient and expensive одерж-containing oxidation catalyst is minimal. Blocking the HDF is unacceptable in any situation, as it interrupts the operation of the engine. In this regard, most filters designed to capture particles use active regeneration, the principle of which has been applied for several decades. Using modern methods of tuning and regulating the engine provides the possibility of active regeneration in the DFDCH. Regardless of carbon regeneration, unburned ash accumulates in the DFD in an amount that must be taken into account when planning the appropriate sizes, developing recommendations for the use of lubricants and possible maintenance operations.

In addition to traditional honeycomb filters for collecting particles operating on the principle of a flowing wall, steel chips, ceramic foam are also used in the design of cleaning devices and similar devices are made in the form of conical structures, tubular structures coated with fibers, using electrostatic separation or cleaners moisture. In known filtering devices, fibrous coatings or metal chips are applied to the surface of the perforated tubular structures and one or more of these structures are used in the filtering device. The fibrous structure, as a rule, is homogeneous and does not contain intermediate spaces, and the flow in the structure is statistically regulated with the envelope of the fiber plexus in the general radial direction. This is characteristic of deep filtration filters, in which there is a partial accumulation of particles in the filter material. In such filters, the exhaust gases usually pass radially into the pipe, while inside the filter, on its surface and in the open space in front of it, there is enough space for the accumulation of particles.

The device of partial filters with an oxidation catalyst was modified so that the separation of particles was facilitated by the use of devices instead of a ceramic or metal cell including various through holes, clamps or protrusions on the walls, as well as chokes or filter elements in the flow channels of the cell. Instead of conventional walls, through holes or filter elements are equipped with ceramic or metal screens, chips or porous materials. Partial filters usually have a mesh structure including open axial channels oriented in the direction of the main flow. The main flow is similar to that occurring in conventional devices using catalysts, but the separation of particles is enhanced by forcing part of the flow in the radial direction through grids, fibers or openings in the walls, which are controlled by the pressure drop. However, the radial flow is usually statistically distributed in several directions, while the averaged direction vector of the main flow is axial. The basic principle of the devices under consideration is also based on the fact that the flow enters the cell, usually having a round or rectangular shape, from one end of it, and exits from its opposite side.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention is the creation of a cleaning device for spent diesel fuel or similar in composition gaseous waste, which provides the maximum reduction in the amount of components emitted as waste in the exhaust gas and operates with a small pressure drop.

To solve this problem, the invention is characterized by the features given in the independent claims. In the remaining claims, some preferred embodiments of the present invention are presented.

Compared to conventional filters based on the prior art, a new type of cleaning device is characterized by lower pressure losses, acceptable working efficiency, lower volume (lower material consumption) and low manufacturing cost. A cleaning device of this type may include a coating containing catalytically active components. The catalytic coating enhances the oxidation of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide and particles. Particle oxidation can be directly or indirectly due to ΝΟ ₂ .

Another advantage of this cleaning device is that, due to its technically simple design, it is characterized by a low cost of production and operation.

The cleaning device in accordance with the present invention has a perforated structure in the inlet and / or outlet of the cleaner. Around the perforated structure is at least one mesh structure located in an open channel, which is a spiral-shaped flow channel, containing at least two grids in the flow channels, between which and through which a flow of fluid is provided. One side of the perforated structure may be, for example, in the pipe for entry and / or exit of the flow, and the other side contains one or more blocking elements for regulating the flow through the perforated structure into the mesh structure and / or in the opposite direction. Thus, the present invention is based on the fact that the cleaning device comprises a perforated structure, in particular a perforated pipe, around which there is a mesh-like structure made, for example, of a corrugated mesh or another porous plate or membrane forming a spiral open channel, the guiding part flow through the mesh holes. Accordingly, such an effective cleaning device removes particles and gaseous contaminants.

The cleaning device in accordance with the present invention also contains an effective catalytic structure, which provides forced spiral circulation of the flow between the mesh sheets around the perforated structure, as well as the passage of the flow through the mesh.

Possible applications of the present invention include, for example, purification of exhaust, flue and exhaust gases in portable and stationary devices. Typically, gas mixtures constantly or on average contain excess oxygen. When burning with the emission of exhaust gases, it is possible to use with respect to any gaseous fuel (for example, methane, propane, biofuel), liquid fuel (fuel based on light or heavy oil fractions, diesel fuel, gasoline or biofuel) or solid fuel. The device can also be used for processing

- 2 021434 liquefied substances or gas-liquid phase, for example, as a cleaner for separating solid contaminants from liquid or liquids from gas. Moreover, the device can be used in some synthesis processes.

In accordance with the present invention, the filter can be used under conditions of excess oxygen or with periodic variation of the ratio of the components of the mixture from stoichiometric to short-term enrichment. The regulation of the ratio of the components of the mixture and the temperature rise caused by it are carried out with the aim of regenerating the catalytic filter with the complete or partial removal of particles and accumulated toxic substances or adsorbents.

Preferably, in some embodiments of the present invention, the flow may be directed from the perforated structure through the mesh structure. Preferably, in some embodiments of the present invention, the flow may be directed through a mesh structure into a perforated structure. In the main embodiment of the device in accordance with the invention, the processed stream, usually exhaust gas, can be directed either from the inside of the perforated structure through the wall with the mesh structure to the surrounding space, or in the opposite direction from the surrounding space through the mesh structure and further into the perforated structure through the holes in it the wall. The mesh structure may be located, for example, around the perforated pipe at the end of the inlet and / or outlet pipe, and the other side of the perforated structure contains a blocking element for regulating the flow passing through the perforated structure in the mesh and / or in the opposite direction. The blocking element of the perforated structure may be a separate element, for example, a removable pipe plug, or a fixed element of a perforated structure, for example, a fixed end of the pipe.

An advantage of the proposed design is that at the end (s) of the grid structure there is one or more blocking elements providing at least partial prevention of the passage of flow. The blocking elements on both sides completely or partially block the bypass stream flowing along the surface of the perforated pipe outside the first layers of the mesh structure or after they pass. A blocking element blocks or compresses a mesh or equivalent structure. A preferred embodiment of the blocking element is a mesh structure surrounding the perforated pipe. The blocking element can only partially overlap the channel, leaving a narrow channel open between the grids. It is possible to control the pressure drop by changing the size of the channel to ensure forced gas circulation along a spiral path, however, with increasing backpressure, a bypass channel (bypass) appears and the temperature, volume of the stream or the number of accumulated particles increase, which prevents the occurrence of excessive backpressure or clogging. One end of the mesh can also be completely open. In addition, the holes in the perforated pipe are preferably arranged on the other side in order to prevent excessive bypass flow.

If the cleaning device is located in the inlet pipe, the process proceeds at a higher temperature and the cleaner is located on the cleaner side. Then the particles accumulate in the pipe and in the cleaning device from the incoming stream. The risk of possible clogging can be reduced by using a fairly sparse mesh and reducing the number of mesh layers wrapping the pipe. If the cleaning device is located on the output side around the outgoing channel, there is a larger amount of space available for the accumulation of particles, however, the temperature is lower compared to the previous version. The process temperature is important at the beginning of the oxidation of the components to be cleaned (CO, HC, N0).

Typically, the design of the cleaner is a conventional silencer, which can include other catalytic structures (cells or filters for trapping particles containing three-dimensional layers on the surface that provide oxidation, conversion of ΝΗ ₃ , HC, N0, removal of Ν ₂ 0 and / or capture of Ν0 _χ ). Before or after the purifier proposed in the present invention, one or more of these catalyst structures can be installed in separate containers. The way to solve the problem is to combine a cleaner in accordance with the present invention and a filter and / or a partial filter located in series in one housing or in different housings.

Thus, the main device contains a perforated structure, which can be installed in the inlet and / or outlet pipe in a cleaner body made, for example, of an easily perforated pipe, or holes are drilled in this pipe. The shape of the holes can be, for example, round or oval, or they can be in the form of elongated slots. The diameter of the holes or their hydraulic diameter if their profile is different from round and is 0.1-100 mm, preferably 1-50 mm, for example 10-40 mm in a perforated structure. The area of the holes is 1-95%, preferably 10-70%, for example 20-60% of the total surface area of the perforated structure. The distribution of the holes in the perforated structure may be uniform or uneven. The holes can be located both throughout the mesh structure, and on its part. In addition to the perforated mesh structure, the structure may include a closed pipe or provide for the possibility of direct flow of the working medium to a part of the catalytic structure (no pipe at this point, but pipe at both ends as a support). The mesh structure can be located not only around the perforated structure of the circular profile, but also around other structural elements. Instead of a perforated plate / pipe, for example, a strong mesh or wall of sintered metal can be used as a perforated structure. One of the ends of the perforated structure can be fixed in the inlet and / or outlet pipe. Preferred is a concentric and parallel connection of pipes through which the stream flows, which minimizes pressure losses in the stream. It is also preferred to directly attach the perforated structure to the inlet and / or outlet pipe. To simplify the connection, the perforated structure may include a separate connecting device. The same or similar diameters of the perforated structure and the inlet and / or outlet pipes are also preferable in order to allow the pipes to be mutually arranged with a joint or inside each other, which ensures ease of connection and minimization of pressure drop at the connection point. Preferred is the formation of a perforated structure of a homogeneous wall passing through the holes through which the flow can pass. The perforated structure must be sufficiently strong and rigid, and the thickness of the material must be sufficient for its connection to the inlet and / or outlet pipe, which ensures the reliability of the design of the device. The mesh structure of the cleaning device may have a relatively weak structure due to the lack of the need for its connection with the inlet and / or outlet pipe. The inlet and outlet pipes can have a different structure, for example, can be made in the form of channels, sleeves or fittings, due to which it is possible to control the flow both inside the cleaning device and outside it. The inlet and / or outlet pipe can also be made, for example, in the form of holes in the body of the cleaner. In accordance with the object of the invention, the perforated structure can be made as part of the inlet and / or outlet pipe, or part of the inlet and / or outlet pipe is made so that they simultaneously form a perforated structure. Then, for example, the conventionally used inlet and / or outlet pipe is replaced with the proposed cleaning device according to the invention, in which the part of the pipe is a non-perforated section covered with a mesh that is connected, for example, to the cleaner body, and the other part of the pipe is a perforated section, wrapped on top of a net. This design simplifies the design and makes it more rigid.

The catalytic structure contains at least two grids that form open channels between the grids. Two grids can be separate grids or be formed, for example, by a continuous grid wrapped around itself. The largest volume providing the easiest flow path is the space between the grids. Since the corrugation angle of at least one mesh is preferably deviated from the direction of the main flow, the flow is able to circulate along the main channel in a spiral path around the perforated structure and the mesh structure. In some embodiments of the invention, the mesh structure comprises channels formed by a pair of grids in which the flow is also able to move laterally. If both grids are corrugated and the angle of the corrugation of at least one of them deviates from the direction of the main flow, then the flow is able to freely pass along one of the channels between the corrugation vertices. Installing a flat mesh between the corrugated meshes allows for forced circulation of the flow in the curved channels and its penetration into the mesh in front of the blocking element.

In accordance with the object of the invention, changing the size of the hole and the thickness of the mesh threads allows you to adjust the flow direction, i.e. the ratio between its part, directed in a spiral, and the other part, passing directly through the grid. As the number of particles accumulating in the particle structure increases, the openings of the nets can become clogged, however, the spiral flow path remains open. Instead of a mesh, it is possible to use a perforated plate, a mesh coated with sintered metal, fibrous mats, a membrane or filter paper capable of forming a similar channel for flow. In this description, the specified element is characterized by the general term mesh structure. The holes in these materials are equivalent to the holes in the mesh in the last examples. Instead of a mesh, it is also possible to combine two or more materials to form this structure. For example, a combination of mesh and perforated plate / foil is possible, which are corrugated and wrapped around a perforated structure, in particular a perforated pipe.

According to an object of the invention, the mesh structure may also comprise one or more non-corrugated elements of mesh foil, perforated foil, perforated plates, nets, fiber mats, paper sheets and / or membranes. Instead of a pair of meshes, it is possible to wrap the structure with several different meshes or structures, one or more of which may also not be corrugated. Instead of one of the grids, it is also possible to use a continuous non-perforated foil, which ensures complete circulation of the entire flow along a spiral path. When using several grids, their beginning can be located at different points of the perforated structure, which allows gas to pass through two or more spiral channels, from

- 4 021434 of which flow through the grid is also possible. The flow path is determined by the pressure drop at various points in the structure. One or more mesh structures can be parallel to each other, thus forming a very extended structure. Parallel grids can also partially overlap, or separate overlapping and blocking elements can be located between them, which provides a separate flow circulation in each element.

In accordance with the object of the invention, the height of the corrugation in the inner turn may be greater than in the outer turn. In addition, first they make an internal turn of the grid, after which they continue to make turns, where the height of the corrugation in the external turn will be different. The grid can also be wrapped in the opposite order. The purpose of this is to install a mesh with a greater height of the corrugation from the side of the incoming stream and, accordingly, a mesh with a lower height of the corrugation from the side of the incoming stream. This creates a space for the accumulation of soot, which prevents its accumulation in other structures and provides the possibility of a wider distribution of the flow in the mesh structure.

In accordance with the objective of the invention, the height of the corrugation in the mesh structure is selected in accordance with the restrictions on the parameters of the device, back pressure and level of emissions. The corrugation height in different grids can be the same or different. The height of the corrugation may be in the range of 0.2200 mm, preferably in the range of 0.8-3 mm. Even with a small angle of corrugation, an open channel is formed for the passage of flow, which differs from the case in which a grid in the form of a sheet is directly wrapped around the pipe. In accordance with the object of the invention, the angle of the corrugation relative to the main flow in any direction for at least one mesh is 1-90 °, for example 1080 °, preferably in the range of 20-60 °. The corrugation angle may also vary from -90 to + 90 °, preferably from -60 to -20 ° and from +20 to + 60 °. Positive and negative angles mean angles in opposite directions relative to the main flow. For practical use, it is advisable to use grids of the same corrugated material, to make a pair of grids from it by wrapping one grid inside another so that the corrugation vertices are located in different directions opposite each other. Then the device in accordance with the invention is made of the same mesh. Using a mesh structure allows you to wrap the corrugated sections of the structure directly around the perforated structure, partially placing them opposite the corrugation peaks. The ratio between the height and width of the corrugation can vary in a very wide range due to the use of low and wide, or high and narrow corrugations.

In accordance with the object of the invention, the height of the corrugation of the corrugated mesh is in the range of 0.2200 mm, preferably 0.8-3 mm. Within the preferred range, backpressure, cohesion and volume of the corrugated mesh are selected in accordance with specific practical tasks. In accordance with the object of the invention, it is possible to use other values of the height of the corrugations: with very severe pollution - a large height, with a low level of pollution and the use of a small mesh - a small height. With a small amount of space and a very small height of the corrugation, it is also possible to optimize the cleaning device, in which the back pressure in the open channel is much higher compared to that achieved with a larger height of the corrugation. The increase in backpressure in the open channel provides an increase in the proportion of the flow passing through the holes in the grid.

In accordance with the object of the invention, the mesh structure comprises a mesh with filaments with a thickness of 0.1-5 mm, preferably 0.1-1 mm, and holes whose size (apparent diameter / hydraulic diameter between cells in the middle of the mesh structure) is 0.05 - 10 mm, preferably 0.1-2 mm. The mesh may be a woven structure, mesh mat or weave of another type.

In accordance with the object of the invention, the size of the holes in the mesh is in the range of 0.05-10 mm, preferably 0.1-2 mm. The wide variation in the values of this parameter is due to the wide variety of possible applications of the proposed device. At a very high level of contamination, the mesh is coarser with a large height of the corrugation, and in the case of a cleaner environment, a denser mesh with a low height of corrugations should be used. Since it is possible to use different layers wrapping the perforated plate, they must have different properties. In the case where instead of a metal mesh using mesh foil or perforated foil, their thickness is in the range corresponding to the thickness of the thread, for example in the range of 0.01-5 mm, preferably 0.02-0.2 mm In accordance with the object of the invention, it is possible to use a mesh consisting of a very thin thread and / or having large holes (large mesh size) for a corrugated mesh, as well as a very dense mesh for a flat mesh, while it is possible to bend a mesh with a very large corrugation angle (40 -80 °). Instead of the mesh or in combination with it, it is also possible to use the above fibrous sheets or membranes to produce a similar structure providing partial flow passage.

An embodiment of the invention is a device in which the inner turn of the grid is closed and closed, as a result of which the flow cannot directly enter the device from outside the pipe. The outer turn of the mesh is partially open into the housing, which in special conditions prevents it from clogging. One or both ends may remain unclosed, however, the flow can easily pass along the bypass path mainly along the spiral structure outside the pipe in the forward and reverse directions, while the ratio between the volumes of the flows is determined by the pressure.

In accordance with the object of the invention, both ends of the mesh can be completely closed, while one of them can be fixed in a perforated sheet, and the other on an external turn. Thus, forced penetration of the flow into the grid is ensured and its circulation in the open spiral channel is excluded, however, space remains between the cells in which the particles accumulate. Another advantage is that a significant part of the filaments of the mesh is not connected to each other, but is separated from each other at regular intervals due to corrugation. This ensures the expansion of the area of contact of the flow with the threads and an increase in the volume (collection volume, turbulent volume) in the structure as compared to the direct wrapping of the pipe with a mesh structure. In open spaces, turbulence is created that enhances particle separation.

An embodiment of the invention is to provide a very elongated (elongated) perforated structure, for example a perforated pipe, around which a mesh structure is wrapped. As a result, a large open space is created for moving the flow, the volume of which is related to the surface area of the perforated pipe. Due to this, the flow (exhaust gas) is able to circulate through the cells (holes) of the grid in a wide area, which reduces the relative back pressure. In this case, the diameter of the casing of the device should not exceed the outer diameter of the catalyst, and the number of layers of the mesh may be smaller compared to a narrower device. When using the same amount of catalyst as in the narrower device, the number of layers around the perforated pipe is equivalently reduced. The degree of conversion of the gaseous components is approximately proportional to the amount of catalyst. A long and narrow structure can also be integrated into the pipes, forming a structure resembling a pipe covered by a casing. The length of the structure can be, for example, 30-200 cm for an engine of about two liters. The long structure may also consist of parallel elements welded / connected to each other. At the end of each element or at a level not reaching the ends of the entire mesh, it is possible to place clamping rings.

The mesh of the cleaning device is fixed around the perforated structure using the above clamping rings, with the possibility of additional use of welding, soldering and a thicker bearing mesh around the turns of the mesh, or metal nails or pins passing through a larger mesh, which can be fixed to the inner pipe . Instead of clamping and a locking ring, welding of the ends can be used. The clamping ring is usually attached to the rest of the structure by welding.

According to an object of the invention, the network structure can be coated with a porous carrier material acting as a carrier for active components oxidizing CO, hydrocarbons, N0, hydrogen, ammonia or coal. Hydrocarbons may contain functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen or halogens. In accordance with the object of the invention, the coating is made in such a way that the openings in the mesh remain at least partially open in at least one of the mesh. In some embodiments, it is preferable to keep almost all openings open. The advantage of this configuration is that in an open channel the flow is able to pass through the grid at any point, while the particles remain on the surface of the grid, which ensures high filtration efficiency. Due to the pressure difference between the channels, the flow passes to another channel, which ensures efficient mass transfer through the catalyst surface to the grid surface.

The device in accordance with the object of the invention does not contain any coating and performs solely the functions of separating particles and sound absorption. In addition, or in addition to the effect achieved, the catalyst can provide восстановление0 _χ reduction with hydrocarbons or ammonia, adsorption of nitrogen oxides (reduction under enriched conditions), or oxidation of ammonia. The catalyst typically contains aluminum, silicon, titanium oxides and / or zeolites in the carrier material. The coating thickness is in the range of 5-40 microns. The specific surface of the coating is determined by the type of materials used and is 1-700 m ² / g, usually in the range of 20-300 m ² / g. The cleaning device may additionally use a coating obtained from various silt sediments, sols and / or solutions by immersion, pumping, suction and / or spraying. The coating can be applied to open grids with a detached pair of grids by spraying, followed by bending the grid and the catalytic structure. This allows you to keep open the mesh holes. The coating can also be obtained in whole or in part using the starting volatile components (by chemical vapor deposition (VES), atomic layer epitaxy (LIE)).

According to an object of the invention, at least a part of the network structure is coated with a carrier material to which catalytically active compounds are added.

According to an object of the invention, catalytically active compounds catalyze the oxidation and / or reduction of exhaust and exhaust gases.

According to an object of the invention, the carrier material comprises alumina, silica, titanium oxide, zeolite, zirconia and / or cerium oxide.

According to an object of the invention, catalytically active compounds are used

- 6 021434 platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and / or vanadium, catalyzing the oxidation and / or reduction of exhaust and exhaust gases.

In accordance with an object of the invention, one or more catalysts or functional elements, such as an oxidation catalyst, a particle capture filter, a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst, and / or another element used for purifying exhaust gases, can be installed in the purification device along the flow path.

As the active metal, for example, noble metals such as platinum (Ρί), palladium (Ρ6), iridium (1g) and / or rhodium (Kf) and / or ruthenium (Ki) can be used. The active components can be introduced into the coating catalyst structure by adsorption (dry, wet or chemisorption) or as part of a coating sludge, solution or sol. Active components can be attached to the particles before coating. Coatings and / or adsorbed components are applied using water or other solvents or mixtures thereof, usually in the form of a liquid phase.

The amount of active metal (for example, a noble metal) in the cleaning device may be 0.01-10 g / dm ³ , preferably 0.1-3 g / dm ³ . With the sequential arrangement of several structures in the direction of flow, the preferred active metal content in the first of them is 0.8-3 g / dm ³ , and in the latter 0-0.8 g / dm ³ . It is also possible to create a device in which the inner turn of the grid contains the active component, and on the surface turn of the grid the active component is contained in very little or none at all (this grid can be used without coating). The inverse distribution of the active component in the network is also possible: a higher content содержание in the outer turn and a lower content in the inner turn. The goal is, for example, to increase the content of Ρί from the side of the incoming stream in the direction of the stream, in which thus the amount of formed ΝΟ ₂ can be increased. From the side of the effluent, Ρί cannot catalyze the oxidation of ΝΟ to the same high degree due to the lower charge. From the outlet side, it is also possible to place other active components, for example Ρ6. Such a structure can be used in combination with an upstream oxidation catalyst.

The active component is selected in accordance with a specific task. Coatings with a Ρί-containing catalyst contribute to enhancing the formation of ΝΟ ₂ , which in turn contributes to the combustion of particles and regeneration of the purifier, for example, in diesel engines. The task of reducing the formation of ΝΟ ₂ arises in cases of complete active regeneration (fuel injection and / or throttle of the engine), as well as the need to minimize emissions of ΝΟ ₂ . No. 6 can be used as an active component in cases where the catalytic coating is applied to catalyze the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons under conditions of functioning or regeneration at high temperatures. If the composition of the gas mixture is stoichiometric or enriched (λ <1), rhodium and / or palladium are used to ensure stability, selectivity and reduction of ΝΟχ.

As activating components in the carrier material, for example, vanadium (V), tungsten (^), iron (Fe), zirconium (Ζγ), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), manganese (Mn), cobalt, barium, strontium and / or nickel (Νί). The carrier material may mainly consist of these elements. Standard compounds absorbing ΝΟ _χ can be introduced into the coating composition, for example, by absorption, while nitrogen oxides can be adsorbed in the lean mixture and reduced in the rich mixture.

The catalytic coated cleaner in accordance with the present invention during the manufacturing process can be subjected to static or dynamic processing by oxidizing and / or reducing gas mixtures, which may include air, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, exhaust gas, hydrocarbons, water or inert gases. Using appropriate starting materials, particle sizes, and final processing conditions, these processes can lead to the formation of various mixed oxides containing elements that are part of the coating.

Thus, the purifier in accordance with the present invention is able to reduce exhaust gas emissions. The use of a sufficiently fine mesh with a low height of corrugations or similar structures also provides highly efficient separation of particles. The device is, among other things, a new type of partial filter structure for diesel engines. This device is particularly well suited for the purification of exhaust gases in small-volume diesel engines, where it can be integrated directly into the silencer design. This cleaner is also able to replace typical muffler elements. Preferably, the cleaner can be placed in the original silencer, and no changes will be noticeable from the outside and there will be no problems when using it. Forced circulation of the flow along a spiral path provides an increase in filtering ability compared to a device of the same volume in which the same grids form a cell when bent, and the flow passes through it from one end to the other. Due to the forced spiral circulation of the flow, the device according to the present invention provides increased separation efficiency compared to a system with a straight flow path when using a mesh of the same material with a relatively high corrugation height.

The regeneration of particles accumulating in the purifier can be carried out using passive or active methods. In the case of exhaust gases containing an excess of oxygen, an oxidation catalyst (DSP) can be installed in front of the purification device to oxidize CO, hydrocarbons and N0. The resulting ΝΟ ₂ slowly oxidizes the particles based on coal. The EOS catalyst can be located in one housing with the device according to the invention or in a separate housing in front of the device according to the invention. The EOS catalyst may be located inside the inlet or outlet pipe. The coating with the oxidation catalyst may be in the structure at the input of the device according to the invention and in another structure without coating or with a reduced content of the active component at the output. The temperature of the catalyst can be increased due to an external heat source generated during the combustion of hydrocarbons or during other exothermic reactions. Additional heat generation is provided by introducing fuel together with exhaust gas and / or post-injection into the engine. At the same time, a reduction in the volume of air used for combustion is possible (reduction in the air: fuel ratio). It is also possible to supply additional heat to regenerate the catalyst structure through the use of electric heating, burners and / or plasma and / or other methods of heating the structure and / or soot used.

The accumulation of particles can be further facilitated by the use of electrostatic methods, the use of pairs of nets as charged collection systems, as well as isolation of nets from the rest of the structure or from each other. To improve particle regeneration, it is also possible to use additives that improve the combustion of soot (fuel combustion catalyst - PBC), containing, for example, compounds based on Fe, 8g and / or Ce. Known coatings catalyzing the combustion of soot and containing chemical elements such as, for example, vanadium, manganese, copper, cerium, iron and / or alkaline / alkaline earth metals can also be applied to the cleaning device.

Before entering the purification device, other oxidizing agents and reducing agents, such as ammonia, urea, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, air, oxygen and / or water, in pure form or as mixtures, can be added to hydrocarbons and known fuels. Their introduction can facilitate the occurrence of reactions involving участиемχ and / or particles, as well as the stable functioning of the purifier and the maintenance of a stoichiometric ratio of reactions.

Description of the invention

Some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the materials and example.

In FIG. 1A-1C show some structures of the proposed device in accordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 2 shows a section of the device at the level of the catalytic structure.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the channels formed by a pair of grids in which the flow can move in both forward and lateral directions.

In FIG. 4 shows meshes starting from different points.

In FIG. 5 shows a mesh structure formed by a pair of nets or several walls.

In FIG. 6 shows a particular structure.

In FIG. 7 shows an elongated cleaning device.

The positions in FIG. 1A-1C: 1 - inlet stream, 2 - inlet pipe, 3 - outlet pipe, 4 - perforated structure, 5 - catalytic structure, 6, 9 - blocking elements, 7 - outlet stream, 8 cleaner body. Streams 1, 7, which are usually exhaust gases, can pass either from the inside of the pipe to the outside through the mesh structure 5, or in the opposite direction from the cleaner body 8. The cleaning device is located inside the case 8 and is connected to the inside of the inlet pipe 2 (FIG. 1A, 1C) or outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 1B). On one side of the perforated structure 4, around which there is a spiral mesh structure 5, there are blocking elements 6, 9, which regulate the flows 1, 7 through the perforated structure 4 into the mesh structure 5 and / or in the opposite direction. At the end of the mesh structure 5, there is a blocking element 6, at least partially preventing the flow of 1, 7. The blocking elements 6 located on both sides completely or partially block the bypass stream flowing along the outer surface of the perforated pipe 4 outside or after the passage of the first layers the grid. The blocking element 6 blocks or compresses the grid or its equivalent structure. The perforated pipe 4 can be completely blocked by means of blocking elements 6, 9, while the flow is forcibly directed through the perforated and catalytic structures 4, 5. This ensures that the inlet and outlet pipes 2, 3 overlap depending on the direction of flow through the cleaning device (Fig. . 1A or 1B). A plug 9 of the same material as the perforated structure 4 is made can be welded to the end of the pipe, for example perforated structure 4. The plug can also be integrated into the closest blocking element 6 enclosing the mesh structure 5. FIG. 1C shows in detail the structure of a part of the blocking elements 6, 9. The perforated structure 4 shown in FIG. 1C is a pipe open on one side and closed on the other.

- 8 021434

In FIG. 2 arrows show alternative flow directions.

In FIG. 3 shows that in the channels of the mesh structure 5 formed by a pair of grids, the flow 1 entering in the axial direction is able to move in the lateral direction, which is an advantage of the proposed design. The largest volume and, therefore, the most accessible channel for the passage of stream 1 through the mesh structure 5 is the space formed by the corrugations b-b between the grids.

In FIG. 4 shows a mesh structure 5 wrapped around a perforated structure 5, consisting of several different meshes or structures, one or more of which are not corrugated. A continuous layer of foil provides forced circulation of the entire flow along a spiral path. When using a large number of grids starting from different points of the perforated structure, the gas flow can pass directly through two or more spiral channels, from which the flow can pass through the grid.

In FIG. 5 shows the concepts of some embodiments of the invention. The length b and the height (for example, the height of the relatively high peak b1 and the height of the relatively low peak b2) of the corrugation in the corrugated foil is chosen in accordance with the specific application of the device, the amount of back pressure and the maximum allowable emission values. The height of the corrugation of different grids may be the same or different. The wall is usually a net or foil. As the foil, the smooth foil L0 can also be used. In FIG. 5 also shows the mesh width Ό. The direction of the peaks b3, b4 of the corrugated foil is chosen so that they form a preferred angle with respect to the direction of flow. In FIG. 5 shows two layers of corrugated foil b3, b4, located at an angle with respect to the direction of flow 1, as well as with respect to each other (b3 / b4).

FIG. 6: 1 - inlet stream, 2 - inlet pipe, 3 - outlet pipe, 4 - perforated structure, 5 catalytic structure, 6 - blocking elements, 7 - outlet stream, 8 - cleaner body. The cleaning device shown in FIG. 6 has a special structure in which the blocking ring 6 covers only the inner circumference of the mesh structure 5, while it is possible for the flow to exit from the side of the outer circle into the housing 8. The flow can also be directed in the opposite direction, for example, from the housing 8 through the mesh structure 5 into the perforated structure 4.

FIG. 7: 1 - inlet stream, 2 - inlet pipe, 3 - outlet pipe, 4 - perforated structure, 5 catalytic structure, 6 - blocking elements, 7 - outlet stream, 8 - cleaner body. The cleaning device shown in FIG. 7 is an elongated cleaning device located inside the housing 8, characterized by a relatively large area of the open area for the passage of flow, while the area of this area correlates with the specific surface of the perforated structure 4.

Example 1

A cleaning device in accordance with the present invention (symbol N00) was made using obliquely corrugated mesh foil wrapped in five overlapping layers around a perforated pipe to form a structure with an external diameter of 90 mm and a length of 130 mm. A pipe with a diameter of 55 mm contained 10 holes with a diameter of 50 mm, the total area of which is 45% of the total area of the perforated pipe. The corrugation height is about 1.3 mm, the width is about 2.5 mm, and the volume of the catalytic layer is 0.52 l. The thickness of the filaments is about 110 μm, while at a distance of 1 cm there are 34 filaments (mesh size 87 shekel). The surface of the structure is coated by spraying a mesh carrier material having a large specific surface and containing alumina as the main component, and also containing Ζ8Μ-5 and beta zeolite as the activating components (δί / Λ1 ₂ > 25), ΤίΟ ₂ , CeO ₂ and Ζγ0 ₂ , the total content of which is about 40%. The carrier material contains particles of both small (<2 μm) and large (> 2 μm) size. The mesh openings remain completely open since the concentration of the coating material is about 10 g / l and the diameter of the hole (from edge to edge of the cell) before coating is about 180 microns. Ρΐ as an active component, it is absorbed by the carrier material in a concentration of 0.53 g / l with a total amount of platinum of 0.27 g. Opened mesh openings in the coating allow partial passage of exhaust gas into the device through the mesh, which increases the intensity of particle separation. The device comprises a perforated pipe attached to it.

The device was tested in the design of the Na1 EoYo engine (1.9 L) as part of a motor vehicle operated in accordance with the rules of the standard European passenger car test cycle (ΕΌΟ). Immediately after the engine, an oxidation catalyst (LLC) consisting of a metal foil having a cellular structure, a volume of 0.52 l, a number of cells of 120 / sq. Inch, with a coating volume of about 110 g / l and an amount was placed in front of the structure proposed in accordance with the invention Ρΐ 3.2 g / l. The coating composition was similar to that used in one of the catalysts in accordance with the present invention. The purpose of using the oxidation catalyst was to intensify the processes involving gaseous components (oxidation of CO, hydrocarbons and N0), since the device itself contained a relatively small amount of coating and Ρΐ. The device according to the present invention was tested in both flow directions, as indicated in FIG. one.

The amount of emissions and the degree of their conversion when using an oxidation catalyst (DSP) and a new structure in accordance with the present invention

With General quantity coal hydrogens (OVV) Particles ΝΟχ Emissions / Conversion g / km % g / km % g / km % g / km % Without use catalysts 1.13 0.175 0,047 0.51 Using OOS catalyst 0.50 56 0,110 37 0,035 26 0.53 -4 Using catalysts ϋΟΟ + ΝΟΌ in the pipe entering the device body 0.42 63 0,078 55 0,022 53 0.53 -BUT Using catalysts ϋΟΟ + ΝΟΟ Flow from device to pipe 0.42 63 0,072 59 0,026 45 0.54 -6

The catalyst in accordance with the present invention in combination with the oxidation catalyst when using the device in accordance with FIG. 1A provides a conversion rate of 63% for CO, 55% for OWM and 53% for particles. The device according to FIG. 1B, in combination with an oxidation catalyst, provides a 63% conversion rate for CO, 59% for OHM and 45% for particles. When using an oxidation catalyst in the absence of the device and catalyst proposed in accordance with the present invention, the degree of conversion in CO was 56%, in OVA - 37% and in particles - 26%. Achieving a high degree of conversion Ν0 _χ under these conditions is impossible, and the obtained values were even negative, which may be due to the scatter of the measurement results. The achieved conversion values for particles, ОУВ and СО are high, taking into account that the temperature in the first 800 s of the test was constantly less than 200 ° С with a total test duration of about 1200 s.

Claims (16)

CLAIM 1. A cleaning device for treating a fluid in an inlet and / or outlet pipe for a fluid stream installed in a cleaner body or in a cleaner in an inlet pipe (2) and / or an outlet pipe (3) for a fluid stream (1, 7) characterized in that it contains a perforated structure (4), which is fixed at the end of the inlet pipe (2) and / or outlet pipe (3), around which at least one mesh structure (5) is installed, forming an open channel, which is spiral flow channel containing at least Here are two grids between which and through which a flow of fluid (1, 7) is provided in the flow channels, while in the perforated structure (4) one or more blocking elements (6, 9) are provided that serve to direct the flow (1 , 7) a fluid through the perforated structure (4) into the mesh structure (5) and / or in the opposite direction. 2. A cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated structure (4) contains holes whose diameter / hydraulic diameter is 0.1-100 mm, preferably 1-50 mm, for example 10-40 mm, and / or area holes which is 1-95%, preferably 10-70%, for example 20-60% of the total surface area of the perforated structure. 3. The cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) contains holes whose size / apparent diameter is 0.05-10 mm, preferably 0.1-2 mm. 4. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that one or more blocking elements (6) are installed at the ends of the mesh structure (5) so that at least partially block the flow of fluid (1, 7). 5. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) installed around the perforated structure (4), forming a spiral channel for the passage of flow, is formed by one or more layers of obliquely corrugated mesh foil, - 10 021434 perforated foils, perforated sheets, nets, fiber mats, sheets of paper and / or membranes. 6. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) further comprises at least one non-corrugated layer of mesh foil, perforated foil, perforated sheet, mesh, fiber mat and / or membrane. 7. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) contains threads, the thickness of which is 0.1-5 mm, preferably 0.1-1 mm. 8. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) contains at least one obliquely corrugated mesh, the corrugation angle of which relative to the main flow direction is 1-90 °, preferably 20-60 °. 9. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) comprises at least one inclined corrugated mesh, the maximum corrugation height of which is 0.2-200 mm, preferably 0.8-3 mm. 10. A cleaning device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at least part of the mesh structure (5) is coated with a carrier material to which catalytically active compounds are added. 11. The cleaning device according to claim 10, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) is coated so that the holes in the mesh remain at least partially open. 12. A cleaning device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) contains catalytically active compounds that catalyze the oxidation and / or reduction of exhaust and exhaust gases. 13. A cleaning device according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) is coated with a carrier material containing aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxides, zeolite, zirconia and / or cerium oxide. 14. A cleaning device according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the mesh structure (5) contains catalytically active compounds containing platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and / or vanadium, catalyzing oxidation and / or exhaust reduction reactions and exhaust gases. 15. A method of manufacturing a cleaning device for treating a fluid, characterized in that a perforated structure (4) is manufactured to be installed in the inlet pipe (2) and / or outlet pipe (3) for passing the fluid stream (1, 7) around at least one mesh structure (5) is installed in the perforated structure, forming an open channel, which is a spiral flow channel, containing at least two grids, between which and through which a flow of fluid (1, 7) is provided in one or more blocking elements (6, 9) are made in the flow channels in the perforated structure (4) to direct the flow of fluid (1, 7) through the perforated structure (4) to the mesh structure (5) and / or in the opposite direction. 16. The use of a cleaning device, characterized in one of claims 1 to 14, for the treatment of exhaust or waste gases containing excess oxygen.