EA012652B1 - Single-disk boot - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-disk boot, comprising the connected to each other seed drop tube, thee outlet port of which is supported with a protective element, the means of directed air flow creation, a seed positioner, a case and the means of seed bed formation, comprising a disk, mounted at an angle α to the moving direction, determining an angle of attack, and at an angle β to the vertical plane, determining an angle of list, and a device for seed bed compaction, the device for seed bed compaction being executed as a variable cross-section cutter, placed directly in front of the outlet port at an angle γ to the disk in the plane, perpendicular to the cutter leading edge, the cutter from the side of the leading edge in the longitudinal section having a trapezoid shape, the angle α being chosen in the range of 1 to 10º, the angle β in the range of 1 to 10º, and the angle β in the range of 1 to 6º.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for sowing, namely to single plate coulters.

The coulters, being the working body of the seeders, are intended for organizing the dosed supply of seeds to the soil. In particular, disc coulters are designed for sowing seeds of cereals, medium-seed leguminous plants and grasses and other crops, similar in size, seeding rate and embedment depth.

There is a wide variety of disk discs, including single disc coulters. In particular, the opener is known [1], which contains a corrugated disk and a seed tube mounted on a frame. At the same time, to reduce traction resistance and eliminate blockage of the seed line, the front part of the seed line is made in the form of a cutter with a frontal cutting edge, which together with the edge of the corrugated disc form a cutting pair with a variable cutting angle. For the formation of the groove bed for laying seeds in the area of the cutter provides a seal.

Also known coulter [2], which contains a tubular vas deferens, with which the coulter leg is rigidly connected to the front surface in the form of a wedge. The corrugated circular knife is mounted on the rotation axis in the fork. The lancet paw is rigidly fixed on the rack. The axis of rotation of the disk knife is spring-loaded relative to the fork by the compression spring. The spring is connected directly to the stem. It leads to forced oscillations of an electromagnet. The magnitude of the spring oscillations corresponds to the type and properties of the treated soil. The use of this design, according to the authors, allows to improve the quality of tillage and reduce traction resistance of the opener.

Closest to the claimed set of essential features is a single disc coulter [3], containing a disk-shaped disk mounted at an angle α to the direction of movement and an angle β to the vertical plane, seed seed, the outlet of which is located in the third square of the disk and shielded by a guide plate in the form of a keel .

The main problem, the solution of which should be provided by the construction of the opener, is ensuring the uniformity of sowing of seeds and maintaining the depth of their embedding at a constant predetermined level, in particular, due to the formation of a uniformly compacted bed of constant depth. However, all the opener designs described above do not fully provide a solution to this problem to one degree or another.

The task of the claimed invention is to create a construction opener, which would be when sowing seeds of grain, sowing seeds and legumes and other crops, similar in size, seeding rate and embedment depth, regardless of the physico-mechanical and / or technological properties of the soil would ensure the formation of the entire length of the furrow of the same height of the bed with a uniformly compacted bottom. At the same time, the opener must also ensure the ordinary seeding of seeds in a packed bed, and its working bodies must have greater durability.

The problem is solved by the claimed single plate opener containing interconnected vas deferens, the outlet of which is provided with a protective element, means for creating a directional air flow, seed guide, housing and means for forming the seed bed, including a disk installed at an angle α to the direction of motion, determining the angle of attack, and at an angle β to the vertical plane defining the angle of heel, and a device for compacting the seed bed. The task is solved due to the fact that the device for sealing the seed bed is made in the form of a knife of variable cross section, placed directly in front of the seed seed outlet at an angle γ to the disk in a plane perpendicular to the front edge of the knife, while from the front edge the knife in longitudinal section has a trapezoid the shape, angle α is selected in the range from 1 to 10 °, angle β in the range from 1 to 10 °, and angle γ in the range from 1 to 6 °. At the same time, seed planters (a channel for the release of seeds) together form the body, the reflector and the back wall of the knife.

In the proposed design, the disk designed for cutting and eliminating sticking of the spreading residues, especially on weedy soils, has an increased diameter for sowing at a depth of 1 to 8 cm. Preferably, the radial forms. The disk is installed at two specially calculated angles: α in the horizontal direction (angle of attack) - to protect the knife from wear, preferably selected in the range from 1 to 10 °, β in the vertical direction (roll angle) - to form a furrow, preferably chosen in the range from 1 up to 10 °.

The knife has an original design, which will be discussed in more detail below: its shape has a variable cross-sectional thickness, while from the front edge the knife has a trapezoidal shape in longitudinal section, and its planes are located at the optimum angle to form a compacted bed in the groove. A knife made by special technology (casting, stamping) ensures the formation of a permanent bed with a dense bottom and non-crumbling edges at a certain, predetermined depth.

At the same time on the working edge of the knife to reduce the wear of the working edge can be installed protective plate, which can be made preferably of hard alloy.

The knife is connected to the body, preferably through a riveted connection, which provides

- 1 012652 ease of replacing it in case of breakage.

As already mentioned above, the angle γ of the inclination of the knife to the disk is selected in the range preferably from 1 to 6 °.

In the opener of the claimed design, the means for creating a directed air flow, depending on the form of implementation, can either be made in the form of a pipe-duct connected to the seed tube in the zone of the outlet of the seed tube, or combined with the seed tube.

Features of the proposed opener, ensuring the achievement of technical results, as well as its principle of operation will be discussed below in some preferred, but non-limiting forms of implementation with reference to the position of the drawings, which represent:

FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of the inventive opener in one of the preferred forms of implementation;

FIG. 2 shows a section along the line A-A of FIG. one;

FIG. 3 shows a section along the line BB in FIG. one;

FIG. 4 shows a section along the line B-B of FIG. one;

FIG. 5 is a schematic depiction of a share of a coulter in another form of implementation.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the opener in one of the preferred forms of implementation. The opener contains a seed tube 1, in the zone of the orifice of which a valve 2 is installed, connected to the housing 3 by means of a swivel 4, a reflector 5 (see Fig. 5), a disk 6 and a knife 7. The knife section 8 from the leading edge has a longitudinal section complex, specially designed, mostly trapezoidal shape. In addition, from the side opposite to the disk 6, the knife 7 has an angular longitudinal recess 9 (see Fig. 4). On the working edge 10 of the knife 7 is installed a protective plate 11, which can be made of any suitable hard alloy. For better adhesion with the soil along the edge of the disc 6, a plurality of uniformly distributed grooves 12 of radial shape are made. To supply air to the seed tube 1, either the seed tube 1 itself or the duct 13 (see FIG. 5) is used directly, connected to the seed tube 1 in the area of its outlet opening. Arrow 14 in FIG. 1 and 5 marked the direction of air flow.

In the images shown in FIG. 2 and 3, shows, respectively, the angle α of installation of the disk 6 to the direction of movement, which determines the angle of attack, and the angle β of installation of the disk 6 to the vertical plane, which determines the angle of roll.

FIG. 4 shows in more detail the shape of the knife 7 with a longitudinal angular notch 9, as well as the angle γ, at which the knife 7 is placed against the disk 6 in a plane perpendicular to the leading edge of the knife.

Declare opener works as follows.

The valve 2 protects the vomer, in particular, the seed drill outlet, from clogging with soil at the time of lowering the seeder. In the process of work, due to the presence of the swivel 4, the valve 2, deviating in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener, thus does not hinder the flow of seeds from the seed line 1 into the seed regulator and further into the soil. Disk 6 due to the presence on its edge of the radial grooves 12 provides good adhesion of the vomer to the soil, even on soils weedy vegetation. The knife 7, located in front of the seed drill outlet in the direction of movement of the opener at an angle γ to the disk 6 in a plane perpendicular to the front edge of the knife 7, due to its shape of execution (complex, specially calculated mainly trapezoidal form of longitudinal section from the leading edge, the presence of longitudinal angular notches 9), as well as being angled both with respect to disc 6 and with respect to the direction of movement of the opener, forms a seating groove of constant predetermined depth with uniformly compacted bed and walls. To avoid premature falling asleep grooves and / or placing seeds at different depths, the knife 7 is placed directly in front of the seed outlet of the seed guide. To prevent rapid wear of the knife 7 on its working edge 10 can be installed protective plate 11, made preferably of hard alloy.

From the seed line 1, the seeds move under the action of the air flow into the body of the opener 3 in the direction indicated by arrow 14. Depending on the form of the opener, the means for creating a directional air flow with the seeds can either be aligned with the seed tube 1 or made as a duct 13 connected to the seed tube 1 in the zone of its outlet opening. In the housing 3, the seeds smoothly follow the bend of the reflector 5 and the knife 7 are stacked at a distance, in particular at a distance of 0.5-2.2 cm, behind the knife 7 into the formed open channel formed by the knife 7, which ensures the same depth of all the seeds and guarantees equal conditions for seed growth.

Single-disk coulters of the claimed design can be effectively used for sowing on all types of sod-podzolic and soil littered with plant residues. In this case, the coulters can be made in various versions, differing in the length of the leash (seed tube).

Literature

1. A. S. 8I number 882447, publ. 11/23/1981.

2. Patent VI No. 2274989 C1, publ. 04/27/2006.

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3. Patent ΒΥ No. 74 and, publ. 12/30/1999.

Claims (6)

CLAIM 1. A single disc opener containing interconnected vas deferens, the outlet of which is provided with a protective element, means for creating a directional air flow, seed conveyor, housing and means for forming the seed bed, including a disk installed at an angle α to the direction of movement, defining the angle of attack, and angle β to the vertical plane, which determines the angle of heel, and a device for sealing the seed bed, characterized in that the device for sealing the seed bed is made in the form of a variable-section knife Immediately placed in front of the seed outlet of the seed regulator at an angle γ to the disk in a plane perpendicular to the front edge of the knife, the knife has a trapezoidal shape in the longitudinal section from the leading edge, the angle α is in the range from 1 to 10 °, the angle β in the range from 1 to 10 °, and the angle γ in the range from 1 to 6 °. 2. The coulter according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of grooves of radial shape are made on the edge of the disk. 3. Vomer according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a protective plate is installed on the working edge of the knife. 4. The coulter according to claim 3, characterized in that the protective plate is made of hard alloy. 5. The coulter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for creating a directional air flow is made in the form of a pipe-duct connected with a seed tube in the area of its outlet opening. 6. Vomer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for creating a directional air flow is combined with the seed tube.