EA011909B1 - Method of vertical shaft sinking - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns mining and can be used at opening of the mineral deposits that underlies in very deep areas. The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the shaft construction and the reduction of the terms of its sinking. The solution to this task is reached by the way of shaft sinking on very deep areas, including rock excavation in the shaft foot, shipment of mountain weight and dewatering from the shaft foot, shaft airing, construction of temporary and constant lining of the shaft, sinking of an auxiliary underground mountain working out from earlier conducted shaft or from the network of underground mountain developments of operating shaft to a design contour of a sinking shaft, restart of the beaten off mountain weight and water from the shaft foot, and also penetration of fresh air to the shaft foot on bypass development which is passed between the shaft foot and an auxiliary underground mountain development, for the purpose of the efficiency increase and terms reduction of shaft construction. Before the beginning of shaft sinking within a contour of its cross-section from the surface to an auxiliary underground mountain development the drilling of the vertical guide hole, sites of areas of hills with dangerous water cut are defined and on this area of crossing by the shaft areas of hills with dangerous water cut creates ice rock massive. After that begins the shaft sinking from the surface and in accordance with its speed through a time interval defined by calculation from an auxiliary underground mountain development passes the restart development by expansion of the guide hole to the section providing restart of mountain weight from the shaft foot till an auxiliary underground mountain development and airing of the shaft foot without the decrease of speed of the sinking, in the hanging wall of an auxiliary underground mountain development by expansion of the lower section of the restart developments the buffer chamber for reception of the mountain weight creates, received during the shaft pass, and between an auxiliary underground mountain development and restart development passes a ventilating hole, thus the minimum volume of the buffer chamber reception is defined by the calculation.

Description

The invention relates to mine and underground construction, in particular to methods of constructing vertical shafts, and can be used when sinking shafts of great depth in difficult hydrogeological conditions.

There is a method in which the construction of vertical shafts includes the destruction and cleaning of rocks by the amount of entry, the installation of mobile formwork, the flow of concrete mix in the surface of the space, the exposure of concrete mix to its hardening, the release of formwork from concrete and its movement to the next entry [1].

The disadvantage of analog is the impossibility of its implementation in difficult hydrogeological conditions.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method chosen as a prototype, which includes the construction of a waterproof pillar in the form of an artificial frozen rock mass by drilling wells, installing freezing circuit pipes in them, passing refrigerant pipes from the cooling circuit and forming, thus, ice breeding pillar [2].

The disadvantages of the prototype are significant capital expenditures in the formation of ice-breed pillar on the entire depth of the penetration of the deep shaft shaft and a significant duration of the implementation of this method.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost and reduce the time of penetration of a deep shaft in difficult geological conditions.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of constructing a vertical shaft, including the construction of a waterproof pillar in the form of an artificial frozen rock mass by drilling wells, installing freezing loop pipes in them, passing refrigerant pipes, to reduce the cost and reduce the time of mine shaft penetration , the formation of ice-breeding pillar is carried out only with the passage of deep water-bearing and water-rich rock horizons, while the vertical mine shaft start simultaneously with the drilling of hydrogeological wells, which are at the calculated distance from the axis of the trunk (the number, depth and flow rate of wells are also determined by calculation depending on the number, depth, power and water content of aquifers), and drilling of the system of freezing wells located evenly the perimeter of the shaft, the distance between the freezing wells and their number is determined by calculation depending on the thickness and rock properties of deep aquifers, etc. The shaft of the shaft, its mounting and waterproofing in the area close to the surface of the aquifers are carried out after the alternate drainage of each of them, and penetration, mounting and waterproofing of the trunk in the area of deep-lying aquifers is carried out after creating the ice-breed pillar (fence) in the section of these horizons after completion of a complex of tunnel works in the area close to the surface of the aquifers, their drainage by hydrogeological wells is stopped, and after rsheniya complex tunneling works on the site ldoporodnogo pillar pillar thawed.

The performance of hydrogeological and freezing wells is determined by known methods, for example [3], [4].

The proposed method is as follows.

FIG. 1 shows a conventional geological section of a site where the deep shaft is being drilled in difficult hydrogeological conditions. FIG. 2 - location of the trunk and wells in the plan.

With the passage of the mine shaft 1, hydrogeological wells 3 are drilled at the calculated distance 2 from the shaft shaft at the same time, the number, depth and flow rate of which are calculated depending on the amount of depth, power and water content of the aquifers 4, 5. Simultaneously at the calculated distance 7 from the shaft shaft axis freeze wells are drilled 6, located evenly around the perimeter of the shaft 1, the number of which is calculated depending on the thickness and properties of the rocks of the flooded horizon 8. trunk 1 to the roof of the first aquifer from the surface 4 continuously pump water from wells 3, lowering the groundwater level 9 and, eventually, dewatering the aquifer section 4, limited in terms of the wells 3. The dried section passes with the fastening and waterproofing of the mine barrel, after which the pumping of water from wells 3 stop. If the calculations showed that the water inflow into the shaft during the passage of layers 4 and 5 will be small, then the mine shaft is drilled using local drainage (without drilling hydrogeological wells 3). When the shaft 1 penetrates each succeeding aquifer close to the surface, for example 5, the above operations are repeated. When approaching the bottom of the shaft 1 to the roof of a deep-lying and water-rich aquifer 8, freezing columns 10, lowered into the system of freezing wells 6, drilled to the calculated depth 11, are pumped into the coolant with a temperature of -20 to -45 ° C. With the constant circulation of the coolant in the freezing columns 10, the water of the aquifer 8 in the area around the freezing wells 6 freezes, forming ice-breed cylinders, which, upon further cooling

- 1 011909 grow and close in a single ice-breed rear sight 12, acting as a temporary waterproof fence. After reaching the whole breed of design dimensions inside the cylindrical fencing, mining works are carried out.

The ice breed 12 is maintained in a frozen state until the completion of tunneling works with the mounting and waterproofing of the shaft shaft in this area, after which it is disposed of (defrosted). When approaching the bottom of the mine shaft 1 to the roof of the next deep-lying and highly aquiferous aquifer, the above operations for the formation of an ice breed, the penetration of the frozen section by the shaft and the elimination of the ice breed are repeated.

The set of features of the claimed invention can be repeatedly used in the construction of deep shafts, for example at the Gremyachinskoye potassium salt deposit (Russia, Volgograd region) with obtaining a technical result consisting in reducing the cost and reducing the time of penetration of the deep shaft in complex hydrogeological conditions.

Information sources

1. RF patent № 2055207, IPC E2U 5/04, publ. 1996.02.27.

2. RF patent №2151292, IPC E21S 41/16, publ. 2000.06.09.

3. Mironenko V.A., Shestakov V.M. Fundamentals of hydrogeomechanics, M ,: “Nedra”, 1974, p. 103-123.

4. Smychnik A.D., Usenko V.S., Shcherbakov G.A. Manual on engineering calculations in mining (Engineering geomechanics), Mn: Mine, 2007, p. 152-170.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing a vertical shaft shaft, including the construction of a waterproof pillar in the form of an artificial frozen rock mass by drilling wells, installing a freezing pipe in them to pass through the refrigerant pipes, characterized in that the vertical shaft shaft is drilled simultaneously with drilling at a calculated distance from the axis the borehole of hydrogeological wells, the number, depth and flow rate of which are calculated depending on the depth, thickness and water cut of aquifers c, and by drilling a system of freezing wells located evenly around the perimeter of the mine shaft at a calculated distance from its axis, the number of which is calculated depending on the thickness and properties of the rocks of deep aquifers, the sinking of the shaft close to the surface of the aquifers with a shaft with fastening and waterproofing is carried out after alternate drainage of each of them, and the formation of an ice-bearing pillar is carried out only when driving a shaft shaft with fastening and waterproofing of deep waters abundant aquifer, upon the completion of tunneling work in the area close to the surface of the overlying aquifers draining their water wells stopped, and upon the completion of tunneling work on the site ldoporodnogo pillar last defrost.