EA010822B1 - Ventilated outer shell of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to construction engineering, namely to ventilated outer shells of buildings and is meant for reducing heat losses of a building during the heating season and maintaining the required air conditions.Proposed is the shell of a building comprising an outer air proof layer and an inner air proof layer being thermally insulated, a ventilated interlaminar layer between the layers having an inlet and an outlet, and an air exhauster. It comprises additionally a recuperator having at least 2 inlets and 2 outlets, wherein any of the recuperator inlets is linked with the airshaft outlet and the outlet corresponding to this recuperator inlet is linked with atmosphere, the other recuperator outlet is linked with the inlet of the ventilated interlaminar layer, the outlet thereof being linked with the other recuperator inlet or the premises of the building.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to external ventilated fencing of buildings and is aimed at reducing the heat loss of the building during the heating period and maintaining the required air parameters.

A ventilated external fencing of a building with external and internal ventilated interlayers and a common heat exchange wall between them is known (Avt.S. USSR 1454925, E 04 B 2/28, 1/76, 1987 BI No. 4, 01/30/89 and Auto .St. USSR 1270253, E 04 2/28, 1985). The disadvantage of the technical solution is the low efficiency of heat recovery of exhaust air due to the small possible area of the heat exchange surface, as well as the danger of condensation in the internal air gap.

A ventilated external fencing of a building with an air gap between the inner and outer airtight layers is known, into which the air heated in the heat exchanger with the additional coolant is supplied directly from the building (δϋ 1627625, Е 04 В 1/76, BI No. 6 of 15.02.1991). The disadvantage of this fence is the lack of heat recovery ventilation emissions. In addition, this technical solution is applicable mainly to technical buildings with low air humidity in rooms, since in other situations there is a danger of moisture condensation in the air gap of the fence.

The closest to the proposed is an external ventilated fencing of the building, including outer and inner airtight layers with insulation, between which there is a ventilated channel with inlet and outlet, and an exhaust fan (δϋ 1020537, Е 04 В 1/70, Е 04 В 1/76, BI No. 20, 05/30/1983). The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of heat recovery, since for this purpose there is a plate with high thermal conductivity, located in the exhaust duct and having contact with the air entering the layer, as well as the danger of condensation on the heat transfer plate.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of heat leaving the air from the premises and prevent the formation of condensate inside the layer.

The task is solved by the fact that the proposed external ventilated fencing of the building, containing the outer and inner air-tight layers with insulation, a ventilated interlayer between the layers, having inlet and outlet channels, and an exhaust fan, the difference of which is that it additionally contains a heat recuperator having at least two entrances and two exits, with any of the inputs of the heat exchanger connected to the output channel of the ventilation shaft, and its output corresponding to this input of the heat exchanger is connected to the atmosphere swarm, a second output connected to the recuperator inlet ventilated interlayer outlet passages which are connected to the second input of the recuperator or from building facilities.

The connection of one of the inputs of the heat exchanger with the output channel of the ventilation shaft is carried out through an exhaust fan to ensure the direction of air movement to the specified input of the heat exchanger. Similarly, the connection of one of the outlets of the heat exchanger with the inlet channel of the ventilated layer is carried out through a blower fan to ensure the direction of air movement to the entrance of the ventilated layer. The exhaust fan can be installed either after the exit channel from the ventilation shaft of a multistory building, or in front of the inlet channel of the ventilation shaft of each room of a multistory building. To enhance air circulation and achieve a greater technical effect from the invention, the ventilated layer is also formed in the overlap of the upper floor of the building.

The air from the outlet of the blower fan enters both the inlet channel of the ventilated layer and the space of the unheated attic through a distributor with two outlets.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an outdoor ventilated fence of a building where one of the entrances of the heat exchanger is connected to the exit channel of the ventilation shaft;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the outdoor ventilated fence of the building, on which the exit channels of the ventilated layer are connected to the premises of the building;

FIG. 3, 4 are diagrams of the external ventilated fencing of the building of FIG. 1 and 2, in which the exhaust fan is located in front of the entrance channel of each room and after the output channel, respectively, with respect to the ventilation shaft of a multistory building.

The drawings depict the following elements:

- exhaust fan; 2 - recuperator; 3 - blower fan; 4 - distributor; 5 air-tight layers with insulation; 6 - ventilated interlayer; 7 - building wall; 8 - exhaust ventilation shaft; 9 - input channel in the ventilated layer; 10 - output channels from the ventilated layer.

As seen in FIG. 1 - FIG. 4, the external ventilated fencing of the building can be realized by a combination of options for including in the scheme air flows of the exhaust fan 1 with respect to the heat recuperator 2 and the exhaust ventilation shaft 8 and the output channels 10 from the ventilated layer 6.

External ventilated fence of the building, located on the external surface of the wall 7

- 1 010822, contains a heat recovery unit (heat exchanger) 2, which can have several connection options. The first input of the heat exchanger can be connected to the outlet of an exhaust fan 1 (Fig. 1, 2) placed after the exit channel of an exhaust ventilation shaft 8, or directly to the output channel of an exhaust ventilation shaft 8 (Fig. 3, 4) —the exhaust fan is placed in front of the entrance channel of the ventilation shaft 8 of each room of a multistory building. The second input of the heat exchanger 2 is either open to atmospheric air (Fig. 2, 3) - when the output channels 10 from the ventilated layer 6 extend into the building or connected to the output channel 10 from the ventilated layer (Figs 1, 4). The first outlet of said heat exchanger 2 is connected to the atmosphere to remove air coming from the exhaust ventilation shaft 8, and from the second output warm air is supplied to the inlet of the injection fan 3, the output of which is connected to the inlet 9 of the ventilated layer 6 through the distributor 4, which directs air only in the ventilated layer, but also in the space of an unheated attic.

The ventilated layer is also available in the ceiling of the upper floor of the building.

The use of a heat recuperator provides an increase in the efficiency of heat utilization of the air leaving the premises. In addition, the atmospheric air in the cold season contains less moisture than the air removed from the premises, and the dew point for it is equal to or lower than its temperature. Heating it in a recuperator and directing it into the ventilated layer using an injection fan, thereby eliminating the possibility of moisture condensation. The blower fan provides controllability of the air supply process in the interlayer. The connection of the output channels of the ventilated layer with the second inlet of the heat exchanger provides a higher thermal efficiency of the system, since the temperature of the air inside the layer is above atmospheric and the air can be heated to a higher temperature.

The installation of an exhaust fan at the exit of an exhaust ventilation shaft of a multi-storey building allows the use of a larger amount of warm air for the purpose of heating the supply air.

Installing an exhaust fan at the inlet of the ventilation shaft of each apartment in a multistory building allows to increase the volume of warm air for the purpose of heating the supply air and provides normalized air exchange in each apartment.

The formation of a ventilation layer also in the overlap of the upper floor of the building ensures a reduction in heat loss through the overlap of the upper floor. The presence of the distributor, to the entrance of which air comes from the outlet of the blower fan, from the first outlet of which air is supplied to the ventilated interlayer and from the second outlet to the space of the unheated attic, reduces heat loss through the overlap of the upper floor in the buildings with unheated attic.

This ensures the achievement of the technical result of the invention, that is, increasing the efficiency of using the heat of the air leaving the premises and preventing the formation of condensate inside the layer.

Claims (7)

1. The external ventilated fence of the building, containing the outer and inner airtight layers with insulation, a ventilated layer between the layers having inlet and outlet channels, and an exhaust fan, characterized in that it further comprises a heat recuperator having at least two inputs and two outputs moreover, any of the inputs of the recuperator is connected to the output channel of the ventilation shaft, and its output corresponding to this input of the recuperator is connected to the atmosphere, the second output of the recuperator is connected to the input channel ventilated interlayer output channel which is coupled to the second input of the recuperator or from building facilities. 2. The external ventilated building fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the recuperator inlet is connected to the exhaust duct of the ventilation shaft through an exhaust fan to provide air flow direction to the recuperator inlet. 3. The external ventilated building enclosure according to claim 1, characterized in that the recuperator outlet is connected to the inlet channel of the ventilated interlayer through a blower fan to provide air direction to the inlet of the ventilated interlayer. 4. The external ventilated fence of the building according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust fan is installed at the outlet of the ventilation shaft of a multi-story building. 5. The external ventilated building fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust fan is installed at the inlet of the ventilation shaft of each room of a multi-story building. 6. The external ventilated building fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilated layer is also in the ceiling of the upper floor of the building. 7. The external ventilated building fence according to claim 1, characterized in that the air from the outlet of the blower fan enters the inlet of the distributor, from the first outlet of which air is supplied to the inlet channel of the ventilated interlayer, and from the second outlet into the space of an unheated attic.