EA002744B1 - Feed for animals and birdseed and method of producing therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Feed for animals and birdseed produced by fermenting an initial crude material, which is a source of protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral additives and feeding additions, drying and forming of the ready product, characterized in that the preparation "Ammivit" is used as a feeding additive. 2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that for cattle, horses and pigs it comprises said components in the following ratios (% as per absolute dry substance): crude protein 14.0 - 25.0 crude fat 3.0 - 3.5 carbohydrates 40.0 - 50.0 mineral additives (ash) 9.1 - 11.0 "Ammivit" 0.05 - 5.0 remaining (not disintegrated to mono sugars cellulose) 5.5 - 16.5 3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that for poultry it comprises said components in the following ratios (% as per absolute dry substance): crude protein 22.0 - 30.0 crude fat 3.0 - 11.0 carbohydrates 31.0 - 40.0 mineral additives (ash) 4.0 - 5.0 "Ammivit" 1.0 - 5.0 remaining (not disintegrated to mono sugars cellulose) 9.0 - 20.0 4. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that for cats and dogs it comprises said components in the following ratios (% as per absolute dry substance): crude protein 38.0 - 45.0 crude fat 11.0 - 15.0 carbohydrates 18.0 - 22.0 mineral additives (ash) 4.0 - 14.0 "Ammivit" 2.0 - 5.0 remaining (not disintegrated to mono sugars cellulose) 4.0 - 14.0 5. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that vegetal matter in the form of grain crop and leguminous plants or livestock slaughter wastes are used as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral additives. 6. A method for producing feed for animals and birdseed, comprising breaking the vegetal matter used as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral additives, subsequent wetting, adding ferments, common salt and other feeding additives, mixing, fermenting, drying and forming the ready product, characterized in that the preparation "Ammivit" is added prior the step of mixing. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the preparation "Ammivit" is added amounting to 0.05 - 5.0% of the total initial crude material fed for mixing. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that fermenting continues for 5 to 24 hours.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and food industry and can be used for the preparation of feed for agricultural and domestic animals and poultry.

Known food prepared by the method, including the grinding of plant materials, its subsequent moistening, the introduction of salt and other feed additives, enzymatic hydrolysis using a pre-prepared starter culture (see ed. St. USSR № 1287829, cl. A 23K 1/165, 1983).

However, the food obtained in this case does not have high nutritional properties.

A known method of preparation of food, including grinding plant materials, its subsequent moistening, the introduction of salt and other feed additives, hydrolysis using a pre-prepared leaven, while the source of enzymes using straw legumes, and chemical additives contribute in 3 stages after 3 h (ed. St. USSR № 1715284, class A 23 K1 / 00, 1990).

The disadvantage of this method is the low nutritional properties of the product, although in its manufacture using expensive chemical feed additives.

The technical essence closest to the proposed is a food for animals and birds, containing proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals, and a method of preparing food for animals and birds, including the grinding of vegetable raw materials as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals, the following its moisture, the introduction of leaven, table salt and other feed additives, mixing, fermentation, drying and the formation of the finished product. (see the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2041649, cl. A 23K 1/00, 07.07.93).

The disadvantage of the known feed and method of its preparation is low nutritional value, which affects the reduction of the growth and productivity of livestock and poultry, as well as high morbidity and waste.

The technical result is to increase the nutritional value of the feed and the fermentation process without additional heating due to the activation of thermophilic microorganisms with simultaneous self-fermentation of raw materials and partial splitting of cellulose to simple sugars under the influence of proteolytic enzymes of the main components of the feed.

This contributes to the digestibility of the feed and its digestibility, increased nutritional value and its palatability.

Due to a significant reduction in crude fiber and an increase in the percentage of BEV compared with the closest analogue, digestibility and digestibility of the feed is higher.

This is achieved by the fact that in animal and poultry feed, obtained by digesting the raw material, which is a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and feed additives, drying and forming the finished product, according to the invention, the drug Ammivit is used as a feed additive, except in addition, for cattle, horses and pigs, it contains components in the following ratios (in% for abs. dry matter):

Crude protein 14,0-25,0

Crude fat 3.0-3.5

Carbohydrates 40,0-50,0

Mineral substances (ash) 9.1-11.0

Ammvit 0.05-5.0

The rest (fiber that does not dissolve to simple sugars) is 5.5-16.5 for poultry feed and contains components in the following ratios: (in% for abs. Dry matter):

Crude protein 20.0-30.0

Crude fat 3.0-11.0

Carbohydrates 31.0-40.0

Mineral substances (ash) 4,0-5,0

Ammvit 1.0-5.0

The rest (fiber not dying to simple sugars) 9.0-20.0 for cats and dogs, the food contains components in the following ratios (in% for abs. Dry substance):

Crude protein 38.0-45.0

Crude fat 11.0-15.0

Carbohydrates 18.0-22.0

Mineral substances (ash) 4,0-14,0

Ammvit 2.0-5.0

The rest (fiber not dying to simple sugars) 4.0-14.0 as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral substances, plant raw materials are used in the form of grain of cereals and legumes or slaughter waste.

In addition, in the method of preparing food for animals and birds, including grinding vegetable raw materials as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals, its subsequent moistening, adding starter, salt and other feed additives, mixing, fermentation, drying and the formation of finished product, according to the invention, before mixing the drug is introduced Ammivit, in addition, the drug Ammivit is administered in an amount of 0.05 - 5.0% of the total mass of raw materials entering the mixing, and fermentation is carried out for 5-24 hours

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the introduction of the drug Ammivit in food allows you to increase the biological activity of the main components of the feed and contributes to high palatability, better digestibility and digestibility.

Another aspect of the invention is the organization of the process of making food with the activation of thermophilic microorganisms without additional heating of the wet feed mixture.

Comparison of the proposed inventions with the closest analogue suggests that novelty meets the criterion, and the lack of distinctive features in the well-known counterparts indicates an inventive step on the criteria.

Preliminary studies of the nutritional value of feed for various species of animals and birds have shown the possibility of widespread industrial use.

Food grade vitamin concentrate Ammivit is a complex of natural easily digestible physiologically active substances (vitamins, amino acids, enzymes and microelements) obtained from the main raw material - the biomass of wine yeast, and is manufactured in accordance with the Technical Conditions (TU 10.04.05.58-90) (see quality certificate application for 1 l.) and TU for 1 l.

Example 1. (Feed for cattle, horses and pigs).

Straw or other vegetable raw materials in the amount of 1 ton are ground on the ISK-30 grinder and put into the C-12 or CKO-F-6 mixer or the ISK grinder, while 1 60 kg of AMMIVIT is added to the mixer (the maximum percentage is required for feed intended for young animals, 60-100 kg of sourdough and other feed additives (grass flour 20-100 kg, salt 5 kg, bard 100-200 l, whey 50-100 l, etc., local food and grain waste industry, based on local capabilities), water is poured into the mixer until The moisture content of the feed mixture is 60 - 70%.

The wet feed mixture is stirred for 20 minutes 1 time per hour for three hours until the raw materials are completely wetted, the salt is dissolved, and the AMMIVIT preparation is evenly distributed.

After mixing, the mixture is left in a mixing boiler or other metal container for 5-24 hours to ferment (depending on the external temperature). As a result, thermophilic microorganisms are activated, which contribute to increasing the temperature of the feed mixture without additional heating. This leads to an increase in the biological activity of proteolytic enzymes of the main components of the feed and a partial breakdown of fiber to simple sugars on which the microbial protein accumulates.

The mixture availability rate is determined by the mixture temperature equal to +41 ° С, at a depth of 1 m.

After fermentation, the mixture is shipped to the AVM-1.5A vitamin flour aggregate, and then the finished product is formed, for example, granulated. The obtained granulated feed contains 18% crude protein, 3% crude fat, carbohydrates 50% (30% crude fiber, 20% BEV), 10% ash in absolutely dry matter, and Ammivit 2%, containing biologically active substances, including 12 vitamins groups B, vitamins C, K, D, E; carotenoids, 18 essential amino acids and more than 20 macro- and microelements, organic acids: tartaric, citric, malic and betasitosterol-antagonist cholesterol. In addition, the feed may contain fiber that has not melted to simple sugars and other impurities. On the basis of several options for the preparation of feed turned out the data summarized in table. one.

Table 1

Component Component content,% The proposed method Prototype Crude protein 14.0-25.0 16,0 Raw fat 3.0-3.5 3.0 Carbohydrates: 40.0-50.0 Crude Fiber 22.0-28.0 33.2 BEV 18.0-22.0 36.3 Ash 9.1-11.0 12.0 Ammivit 0.05-5.0 - Rest 5.5-16.5 - In one kg abs. dry matter feed contains feed units 0.6-0.8 0.7

Example 2. (Feed for birds).

Grain mixture of cereal or leguminous crops in the amount of 1 ton is placed in a mixer type SKO-F-6, add to it 5 - 60 kg of AMMIVIT preparation in powdered or semi-liquid form (45-50% abs. Dry matter), 10-50 kg of dry ferment and other dry feed or food additives in the form of flour or grains, 2-3 kg of salt, add 15-20% water to the raw material mixer, thoroughly mix the components of the raw material until it is evenly moist, distribute the yeast and AMMIVIT and dissolve the salt. After mixing, the mixture is left in the mixer or placed in a fermentation tank, which is carried out for 5-15 hours. As a result, thermophilic microorganisms are activated, which contribute to the temperature rise of the feed mixture without additional heating. This leads to an increase in the biological activity of proteolytic enzymes of the main components of the feed and a partial breakdown of fiber to simple sugars on which the microbial protein accumulates. Then the feed mixture is transferred to an extruder, for example, type KMZ-2. Extrusion is performed, as a result of which the surface of the grain mixture is significantly increased, on which biologically active substances of the main feed components are fixed. The obtained extruded flakes are ground on a grinder like the ISK to flour or grits. The resulting feed contains 24% crude protein; 4% crude fat, carbohydrates 35% (10% crude fiber, 25% BEV), 4% crude ash, and Ammivit 4%, containing 12 vitamins of group B, vitamins C, K, D, E; carotenoids; 18 essential essential and non-essential amino acids and more than 20 macro- and microelements, organic acids and beta-sitosterol - cholesterol antagonist.

The obtained data of several options for the preparation of feed for birds in example 2 are given in table. 2

table 2

Component Component content,% The proposed method Prototype Crude protein 20.0 -30.0 16,0 Raw fat 3.0-11.0 3.0 Carbohydrates: 31.0-40.0 Crude Fiber 4.0-6.0 33.2 BEV 27.0-34.0 36.3 Ash 4.0-5.0 12.0 Ammivit 1.0-5.0 Rest 9.0-20.0 In one kg abs. dry matter feed contains feed units 0.9-1.0 0.7

Example 3. (Food for cats and dogs).

Grain mixture of cereal or leguminous crops in the amount of 1 ton is placed in a mixer type SKO-F-6, add to it 10 - 60 kg of AMMIVIT preparation in powder or semi-liquid form (45-50% abs. Dry matter), 1050% dry yeast and other food additives in the form of flour or grains, 5-6 kg of salt, 200 -300 kg of fish or meat flour and 10-20 kg of dried blood add water to a moisture content of the components of the raw material 15-20%, thoroughly mix the raw materials until uniform moisture, the ferment distribution and AMMIVITA and the dissolution of salt. After stirring for 40–60 minutes, the mixture is left in a mixer or placed in a stainless steel vessel for fermentation, which is carried out for 2–6 hours. Then the mixture is transferred to an extruder, for example, KMZ-2 type, and the feed mixture is extruded. Flaked fodder contains 60% crude protein; 12% crude fat, 9% crude fiber, 12% BEV, 7% crude ash, and Ammivit, containing 12 vitamins of group B, vitamins C, K, E, D, A; 18 essential and non-essential amino acids, more than 20 macro- and microelements, organic acids and beta-sitosterol - cholesterol antagonist.

The results of several experiments of example 3 are summarized in table. 3

Table 3

Component Component content in% The proposed method Prototype Crude protein 38.0 -45.0 16,0 Raw fat 11.0-15.0 3.0 Carbohydrates: 18.0-22.0 Crude Fiber 8.0-10.0 33.2 BEV 10.0-12.0 36.3 Ash 4.0-14.0 12.0 Ammivit 2.0-5.0 Rest 4.0-14.0 In one kg abs. dry matter feed contains feed units 0.7

Food in its nutritional value exceeds both the previous ones (example 1 and example 2) and is intended for pets (dogs and cats).

As a result of the interaction of natural biologically active substances contained in the preparation AMMIVIT, with leaven, microorganisms and other components of the raw material, a new cumulative positive effect appears. It can be traced both in the process of preparing the feed, and when fed to animals.

Claims (8)

1. Food for animals and birds obtained by fermentation of feedstock, which is a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and a feed additive, drying and formation of the finished product, characterized in that the preparation “Ammivit” is used as a feed additive. 2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that for cattle, horses and pigs it contains components in the following proportions (in% by abs. Dry matter): Crude protein 14.0-25.0 Crude Fat 3.0-3.5 Carbohydrates 40.0-50.0 Minerals (ash) 9.1-11.0 Ammivit 0.05-5.0 The rest (fiber that does not decompose into simple sugars) 5.5-16.5 3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that for birds the feed contains components in the following proportions (in% by abs. Dry matter): Crude protein 20.0-30.0 Crude Fat 3.0-11.0 Carbohydrates 31.0-40.0 Minerals (ash) 4.0-5.0 “Ammiwit” 1.0-5.0 The rest (fiber that does not decompose into simple sugars) 9.0-20.0 4. The food according to claim 1, characterized in that for cats and dogs, the food contains components in the following proportions (in% by abs. Dry matter): Crude protein 38.0-45.0 Crude Fat 11.0-15.0 Carbohydrates 18.0-22.0 Minerals (ash) 4.0-14.0 Ammiwit 2.0-5.0 The rest (fiber that does not decompose into simple sugars) 4.0-14.0 5. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals, vegetable raw materials are used in the form of grains of cereals and legumes or livestock slaughter waste. 6. A method of preparing food for animals and birds, including grinding vegetable raw materials as a source of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals, its subsequent moistening, making starter, table salt and other feed additives, mixing, fermenting, drying and forming the finished product, characterized in that before mixing the drug “Ammivit” is administered. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the preparation “Ammivit” is administered in an amount of 0.055.0% of the total mass of raw materials supplied for mixing. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fermentation is carried out for 5-24 hours