EA000173B1 - Hydraulic percussion mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

Hydraulic percussion mechanism comprises a body (1) with a gas energy accumulator (2), an introduction chamber (3) containing a striker (4) with a head (5), and a stepped valve (6), forming by its outer surface and the body an overflow chamber (7), periodically connected with the introduction chamber (3) characterized in that on the inner surface of the body between the gas energy accumulator (2) and the overflow chamber (7) a pressure chamber (8) is formed, which is in periodical communication with the overflow chamber (8) by arranging grooves on the inner surface of the body, wherein the grooves define a gap in the form of a labyrinth (10) between surfaces of the stepped valve (6) and the body (1). The stepped valve (6) is mounted so as to co-operate with the body (1) and to shut periodically the labyrinth and the pressure chamber (8) while the overflow chamber (7) is in continuous communication with a drainage duct (13).

Description

The invention relates to shock mechanisms for the development of frozen soils and rocks in the construction and mining industry.

Currently, hydraulic mechanisms of percussion are widely used in the construction and mining industries in the destruction of various structures, soils and rocks.

All known hydraulic percussion mechanisms include a housing with an energy accumulator and a cocking chamber, in which the striker is located, consisting of a piston and a rod with channels made in them, which have a periodic connection with the discharge and feed lines.

The destruction of various rocks and materials is carried out briskly, made, as a rule, of a hard-alloy material due to the sum of energy, mass and impact frequency.

Increasing the efficiency of the mechanisms of percussion were trying to resolve by improving the design of its units.

Thus, the search was carried out for the most advantageous design of the valve and the striker stem moving in the valve cavity in the axial direction (ed. St. USSR No. 629334).

The device was laborious to manufacture, and the presence of channels in the striker reduces the reliability of the mechanism, since the striker is a heavily loaded part.

The closest solution to the technical essence and the achieved result is a hydraulic percussion mechanism, including a housing with a charging chamber, in which the striker is located and a stepped valve that forms an overflow cavity with its outer surface and inner surface of the mechanism body, periodically communicating with the drain line via a distributor .St. USSR number 866161).

The distributor is made in the form of a valve with a plunger gate and control cavity, which periodically communicates with the drain line and the charging chamber.

The disadvantage of this mechanism is that for the separation of the valve and the striker, you need a valve with a system of channels for supplying the working fluid.

However, this solution is quite difficult and inefficient due to the need to seal the mating surfaces of the striker and the mechanism housing, which complicates the design and reduces reliability.

The invention is directed to solving the problem of improving operational reliability, while simplifying the design of the mechanism and reducing the complexity of the mechanism.

This task according to the invention is solved by improving the design of the hydraulic mechanism of percussion.

The housing of the percussion hydraulic mechanism contains a gas accumulator of energy and a charging chamber in which there is a die with a head and a stepped valve that forms an overflow cavity periodically connected to the charging chamber with its outer surface and inner surface of the housing.

On the inner surface of the housing in the upper part of the overflow cavity, grooves are formed, which form, with their surface and stepped valve, a gap in the form of a labyrinth.

The stepped valve is located with the ability to interact with the body - the overlap of the maze and the formation of a pressure cavity. The overflow cavity is permanently connected to the drain line.

The presence of a labyrinth between the outer surface of the stepped valve and the inner surface of the housing in the upper part of the overflow cavity provides for an increase in the resistance to movement of the fluid through the slot of the labyrinth due to alternating changes in the cross section of the gap. This causes an increase in fluid pressure in the pressure cavity, which ensures the separation of the valve and the striker.

The essence of the most preferred variant of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a section of the mechanism.

The mechanism includes a housing 1 with a gas energy battery 2, charging the chamber 3, in which the striker 4 with the head 5 is located, and a stepped valve 6 pressed by an elastic energy battery 2. The outer surface of the valve 6 and the inner surface of the housing 1 are formed by an overflow cavity 7, which is periodically connected with a charging chamber 3. On the inner surface of the housing 1 between the gas battery of energy 2 and the overflow cavity 7 a pressure cavity 8 is formed, which has the ability to periodically communicate with the overflow cavity 7 after by running the grooves 9 on the inner surface of the housing 1, forming a gap in the form of a labyrinth 10 between the surface of the valve 6 and the housing 1. A stepped valve 6 is installed in the housing 1 with the possibility of periodically blocking the labyrinth 1 0 and the pressure cavity 8. The inner surface of the stepped valve 6 and the head 5 of the striker 4, a subvalveled cavity 11 is formed, which is communicated when the striker is cocked with 4 channels 1 2 in valve 6 with a pressure cavity 8. The overflow cavity 7 is permanently connected to the drain line 1 3, and the charging chamber 3 with a pressure mag and 1 4.

The mechanism works as follows.

The working fluid coming from the pressure line 14 into the charging chamber 3, overcoming the force of the gas energy accumulator 2, moves the hammer 4 and the valve 6 to the upper position. At the same time, the liquid from the overflow cavity 7 is forced out into the drain line 13. When the striker 4 is cocked with valve 6 and the labyrinth 10 overlaps in the pressure cavity 8 and the valve valve cavity 11, an increased pressure is formed that exceeds the pressure in the overflow cavity 7, which will separate the valve 6 and the striker 4 After that, the pressure in the charging chamber 3 will fall, and the striker 4 under the influence of the energy of the battery 2 will move downward to the impact, and the charging cavity 3 through the subvalval cavity 11, channels 1 2 and the overflow cavity 7 will be connected to the drain line 13. Under the action of g In the gas accumulator of energy 2, the valve 6 runs over the head 5 of the striker 4 and mates with it.

Then the cycle repeats.

Thus, while simplifying the design of the hydraulic mechanism of percussion, its operational reliability is improved, as well as the efficiency of the mechanism is increased.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A hydraulic percussion mechanism, comprising a housing (1) with a gas accumulator (2) of energy and a cock-up chamber (3) in which the striker (4) with a head (5) is located and a stepped valve (6) forming its overflow surface and housing overflow a cavity (7) periodically connected with a charging chamber, characterized in that a pressure cavity (8) is formed on the inner surface of the housing between the gas accumulator (2) and the overflow cavity (7), which has the ability to periodically communicate with the overflow cavity (7) by done On the inner surface of the body of the grooves forming between the surfaces of the valve (6) and the body (1) there is a gap in the form of a labyrinth (10), with a stepped valve (6) installed in the body with the possibility of periodic overlapping of the specified labyrinth and pressure cavity, and the overflow cavity constantly connected to the drain line.