DK2615219T3

DK2615219T3 - KIT OF PARTS FOR INSTALLING A WINDOW COVER AND PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING A WINDOW COVER USING THE KIT OF PARTS

Info

Publication number: DK2615219T3
Application number: DK13150943.2T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Anders Køhl Bülow
Original assignee: Vkr Holding As
Priority date: 2012-01-13
Filing date: 2013-01-11
Publication date: 2015-05-18
Also published as: RU2599391C2; EP2615219A1; EP2913455A1; PL2615219T3; EP2615219B1; RU2013101562A

Description

DESCRIPTION

[0001] The present invention provides for a kit of parts for mounting a window lining. The invention furthermore relates to a method of providing a window lining using said kit of parts.

[0002] When installing windows in a fagade or a roof, it is desirable to make the transition between the window frame and the inner wall of the room of the building smooth and of a pleasant appearance. The transition is most often made up of a so-called window lining having dimensions to span the distance between the inner side of the window frame to the inner wall. In windows installed in a facade, i.e. substantially vertically, the lining is constituted basically of a box-shaped element having two side members, a top member and a bottom member, all being of a substantially rectangular shape and positioned at right angles to the window frame. The members are traditionally formed of panels or plates of such materials as plywood, gypsum or chipboard.

[0003] In windows mounted in an inclined roof, the geometry of the lining is more complicated. Basically, the side members are positioned at right angles to the window frame, as in facade windows, but the top member is most often virtually horizontal and the bottom member vertical, or the top and bottom assume other angles with the window frame. A number of grounds for this particular design exists, one being that the horizontal top member allows for an increased influx of light, another that the vertical bottom member makes it possible to access the bottom window and optimise the space of the room. Thus, the top member and the bottom member form an angle other than 90° with the window frame, and the side members have a trapezoidal shape.

[0004] The adaptation of the shape of the members of the lining is relatively challenging, as the dimensions of each member rely on factors such as the inclination of the roof and the thickness of the wall. This is even more pronounced in new buildings or in buildings undergoing a complete renovation, in which the inner wall is not yet present, or to be replaced wholly or partly. In those cases, there might thus be no inner wall to start with, and the craftsman is faced with the further challenge of visualising the aperture in the inner wall before or during the installation of such inner wall.

[0005] In the prior art, a number of solutions have been proposed to facilitate the installation and reduce the amount of manual adaptation and risk of incorrect installation. Examples are shown for instance in EP 17 399, EP 414 567 and EP 287 362. US 5 544 455 A discloses a kit of parts according to the preamble of claim 1. Even though the devices disclosed in these documents facilitate the mounting and to some extent reduce the risk of incorrect installation, there is still a need for facilitated and fail-safe provision of window linings.

[0006] With this background it is an object of the invention to provide a kit for the mounting of a window lining, wlnich is easy and uncomplicated to manufacture and use.

[0007] In a first aspect, this and further objects are met by a kit of parts according to claim 1, i.e. comprising a set of outer end members adapted to be connected to the frame of a window, a set of inner end members adapted to be connected to the roof structure, a set of extent members adapted to be connected to the set of outer end members and to the set of inner end members, and a set of side members adapted to be connected to the set of inner end members, the sets of outer and inner end members, the set of extent members and the set of side members being adapted to be brought from a supply condition to a mounted condition, in which they form a trapezoidal prism shape.

[0008] In this manner, a supporting frame is constructed and spans the thickness of the roof structure, from the window frame to a position defining for instance the inner wall. The supporting frame may then be used for fastening plate members to finish the window lining.

[0009] In a second aspect of the invention, a method of providing a window lining using said kit of parts, is provided, the method comprising the steps of: 1. a) providing a window with a window frame, 2. b) mounting said windowframe in a roof structure, 3. c) providing a kit of parts comprising a set of outer end members, a set of inner end members, a set of extent members and a set of side members in a supply condition, 4. d) bringing said kit of parts from the supply condition to a mounted condition by 1. i) connecting a respective end member of the outer set to a respective end member of the inner set by means of at least one extent member, 2. ii) connecting the end members of the outer set to the windowframe, 3. iii) connecting the end members of the inner set to the roof structure, 4. iv) connecting the side members to the end members of the outer set, 5. e) providing a set of panels of shapes corresponding substantially to the shapes of the corresponding areas delimited by the window frame, the inner end members and the side members, and 6. f) connecting the set of panels at least to the inner end members and the side members.

[0010] Further embodiments and advantages are set forth in the dependent claims.

[0011] In the following the invention will be described in further detail by means of examples of embodiments with reference to the schematic drawings, in which

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a detail of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention in a supply condition;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of another detail of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention in a supply condition;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another detail of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another detail of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of details of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention in a mounted condition;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of details of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention during mounting;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of details of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention during mounting;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of details of one embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention during mounting;

Figs 9 to 11 are views corresponding to Figs 6 to 8;

Figs 12 and 13 are partial perspective views, on a larger scale, of details of Fig. 5;

Figs 14 to 18 show perspective views of an embodiment of a kit of parts according to the invention during steps of mounting by means of the method of providing a window lining according to the invention;

Figs 19 to 25 show perspective views of another embodiment of a kit of parts according to the invention; and

Figs 26 to 28 show schematic perspective views of yet another embodiment of a kit of parts according to the invention.

[0012] Referring first to Figs 1 to 4, the components of an embodiment of the kit of parts according to the invention will be described in detail, starting from a supply condition. Basically, the kit of parts comprises a set of outer end members 1 adapted to be connected to the frame of a window, a set of inner end members 2 adapted to be connected to a roof structure, a set of extent members 3 adapted to be connected to the set of outer end members 1 and the set of inner end members 2, and a set of side members 4 adapted to be connected to the set of inner end members 2.

[0013] Turning to Fig. 5, the respective positions of the set of outer end members 1, the set of inner end members 2, the set of extent members 3 and the set of side members 4 are shown in a mounted condition relative to a window frame 100. The window frame 100 is fastened to the roof structure (not shown in Fig. 5) by means of a number of mounting brackets 101, of which one only is shown in Fig. 5. As is apparent from Fig. 5, one outer end member 1 of the outer set is positioned at the bottom of the window frame 100 and one at the top. Correspondingly, one inner end member 2 is positioned below the window frame and the other at the top of the window frame 100. Two extent members 3 of the set of extent members span the distance between each pair of inner and outer end members. The set of side members 4, of which one only is shown in Fig. 5, spans the distance between the lower and the upper inner end member 2 and extends substantially in parallel with the side pieces of the window frame, i.e. the pieces extending in the direction of the inclination of the roof. In the embodiment shown, there are two members of the inner and outer set, viz one outer end member 1 at the top and one at the bottom, and one inner end member 2 at the top and one at the bottom. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, there are four extent members in all; two connecting the outer end member 1 to the inner end member 2 at the top, and a corresponding arrangement at the bottom. Eventually, there are two side members 4, one at either side of the window.

[0014] As shown in Fig. 1, each outer end member 1 is substantially plate-shaped in the supply condition and has at least two sections, in the embodiment shown two sections 11, 12, separated by a weakening line 10. The weakening line 10 may in principle take any form allowing bending or folding of the outer end member 1 and may even be in the form of a hinge, for instance a piano hinge. In the embodiment shown, the weakening line 10 is formed by perforation. The length of the two sections 11, 12 is the same in the embodiment shown. Typically, the length, exemplified by the distance between end edges 12a and 12b, is slightly less than the width of a window. Such windows come in many different dimensions, and the kit of parts may of course be provided in as many sizes as there are various widths. The length thus typically lies in the interval of 50 to 100 cm. Most often, the width of the window will be slightly smaller than the typical distance between rafters, i.e. 60-80 cm. A number of slits 13 is provided in one section 11, these slits 13 serve to accommodate hooks 19 (cf. the mounted position in Figs 7 and 10) adapted to serve as engagement means to engage with the window frame, by introduction into a groove in the window frame. At each end of the other section 12, two slits 14, 15 are provided. These slits 14, 15 serve as engagement means to engage with corresponding engagement means of the extent members 3 to be described in further detail below. An area 18 of the other section 12 is limited by two cuts 16, 17 and may be folded back.

[0015] Referring now to Figs 2 and 3, one inner end member 2 and one extent member 3 will be described.

[0016] As shown in Fig. 2, each inner end member 2 is substantially plate-shaped in the supply condition and has at least three sections 21, 22, 23 separated by weakening lines 20 and 24, here in the form of a perforation. In the embodiment shown and described, two extent members 3 are rotatably connected to the respective inner end member 2, and the first section 21 is provided with connecting means 27, 28 for connection to corresponding extent member 3 in a rotatable manner (cf. Figs 6 and 9). It is noted that the extent members 3 are formed as a pair of mirror-inverted telescopic L-shaped profiles, each pair comprising a base 31 and an extent piece 32. The base 31 has two legs 31 a and 31 b forming the L-shape meeting at a line 35, and a folded flange 33 and 34 on the respective leg 31 a and 31 b forms engagement means allowing the telescoping movement of sliding the extent piece 32 with corresponding legs 32a and 32b along.

[0017] It is noted that the extent member 3 of Fig. 3 is the left-hand lower extent member of Fig. 5, i.e. the extent member 3 connected by connecting means 36 to connecting means 27 of the inner end member 2. A corresponding, but mirror-inverted extent member 3 is connected in a similar manner to the other connecting means 28, and at the other inner end member of the set, a pair of extent members 3 is connected in a similar manner. The connection may be carried out in any suitable manner allowing rotation of the extent member 3 relative to the inner end member 2. The extent members 3 could also be connected to the outer inner end member 1 in the supply condition, or be provided separately. Eventually, each extent member is provided with engagement means formed as a tab or tongue 37 to engage with a respective slit 14,15 of each end of the outer end member 1.

[0018] The dimensions of the inner end member 2 are chosen such that the length of the first section 21 between end edges 21 a and 21 b corresponds to or is slightly smaller than the width of a window, for instance of a range of windows, and thus corresponds to the length of the outer end member 1. The length of the second and third sections 22, 23 may be identical to each other or differ, but are longer than the first section 21. The reason is that the second and third sections 22, 23 are to be fastened to the roof structure on each outer side of ends 21a and 21 b of the first section 21 as will be described in further detail below. The length of the extent member 3 with its two telescopically movable parts is such that it is able to accommodate most distances from a window frame to the inner wall at the top and to a horizontal wall below the window frame at the bottom, regardless of the inclination of the roof and of the inner wall. Typically, the length of each of the base 31 and the extent piece 32 is 30 to 50 cm, thus being able to span distances in the range from 30 to 100 cm. It is also possible to make each part of the extent member 3 shorter and add more parts to increase the range.

[0019] As shown in Fig. 4 indicating the supply condition, and Figs 5 and 12-13 showing the mounted condition, each side member 4 is formed as pair of mirror-inverted telescopic L-shaped profiles 41 and 42. The structure of the side members corresponds in substance to that of the extent members 3, and thus comprises means for allowing translational relative movement. Engagement means of each side member 4 is formed as a tab or tongue 44 and 45 to engage with a respective slit 25, 26 at each end of the inner end member 2, cf. Fig. 12 and 13, respectively. The length of the side member 4 with its two telescopically movable parts is such that it is able to accommodate most distances at the inner wall, regardless of the inclination of the roof and of the inner wall. Typically, the length of each of the base 41 and the extent piece 42 is 80 to 160 cm, thus being able to span distances in the range from 80 to 320 cm. It is also possible to make each part of the extent member 4 shorter and add more parts to increase the range.

[0020] Details of the mounting of the kit of parts in a roof structure to provide a window lining are shown in Figs 5 to 18. Of the roof structure, only two rafters 200 are shown. It is clear that the roof structure comprises further elements, such as for instance further rafters, laths or battens, underroofing, insulating material, roofing etc. In one of the last stages of mounting of the kit of parts, shown in Figs 5 and 18, the outer and inner sets of end members, the extent members and the side members are in a mounted condition, in which they form a trapezoidal prism shape. At each side of the window frame 100, a trapezoid is formed, forming the base of the right trapezoid prism and having as its sides substantially the length of one side piece of the window frame itself, the extent member 3 at the bottom, the side member 4, and the extent member 3 at the top. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the lengths of the sides of the trapezoid vary in accordance with the height of the window (i.e. the length of the side piece), the inclination of the roof and the inner wall, the thickness of the roof structure, the distance to the horizontal surface below the window, and of course the desired inclination of the window lining parts at the top and bottom of the window, which need not be substantially horizontal and vertical, respectively, as shown. The height of the prism corresponds to the length of the outer end member 1 and the first section 21 of the inner end member 2.

[0021] Basically, the inventive method of providing a window lining using said kit of parts, comprises the steps of: 1. a) providing a window with a windowframe, 2. b) mounting said windowframe in a roof structure, 3. c) providing a kit of parts comprising a set of outer end members, a set of inner end members, a set of extent members and a set of side members in a supply condition, 4. d) bringing said kit of parts from the supply condition to a mounted condition by 1. i) connecting a respective end member of the outer set to a respective end member of the inner set by means of at least one extent member, 2. ii) connecting the end members of the outer set to the window frame, 3. iii) connecting the end members of the inner set to the roof structure, 4. iv) connecting the side members to the end members of the outer set, 5. e) providing a set of panels of shapes corresponding substantially to the shapes of the corresponding areas delimited by the windowframe, the inner end members and the side members, and 6. f) connecting the set of panels at least to the inner end members and the side members.

[0022] In one example of the method, as an initial step, each extent member 3 is rotated to approximately 90° relative to the inner end member 1 before carrying out step d) i). This applies in particular to the embodiment, in which the set of extent members 3 is connected to the set of inner end members 2 in the state of supply [0023] Subsequently, step d) i) of connecting a respective end member 1 of the outer set to a respective end member 2 of the inner set by means of at least one extent member 3 is carried out, which in an embodiment may take place at a distance from the installation site, thus forming a unit which is shown in the mounted condition in Figs 8 and 11, respectively.

[0024] In this embodiment, the two sections 11, 12 of the outer end member 1 are folded about the weakening line 10 during step d) ii). Further, the three sections 21, 22, 23 of the inner end member 2 are folded about weakening lines 20, 24 during step d) iii), and the third section 23 of the inner end member 2 is cut before carrying out step d iii).

[0025] The outer end members 1 are connected to the frame, which in the embodiment described in the above comprises a recess or groove for receiving the engagement means, that is in the embodiment shown hooks 19. Other configurations are of course possible (for instance as shown in the other embodiment to be described), as long as it is possible to define the position of the outer end members 1 relative to the windowframe 100. The inner end members 2 may be connected to the roof structure, i.e. here the rafters 200, in any suitable manner, typically by screws, nails or staples. Correspondingly, the set of panels 300 may be connected to the components of the kit of parts in any suitable manner, typically by means of countersunk screws that are subsequently filled with putty to provide the smooth surface aimed at.

[0026] Referring now to Figures 19 to 28, other embodiments of the kit of parts will be described. Only differences relative to the first embodiment will be described in detail.

[0027] Fig. 19 corresponds in substance to Fig. 5 and thus shows the parts of the kit of parts according to the invention in one further embodiment in the mounted position relative to the window 100. Only the left-hand side member 4 has been omitted for clarity reasons.

[0028] Fig. 20 shows an enlarged partial view of the lower inner end member 2 and its adjoining extent members 3 and the right-hand side member 4.

[0029] As indicated, in addition to the third section 23, an opposite section 23' is present at both ends of the inner end member 2. The third section 23 and the opposite section 23' may be bent by a slight angle, for instance 3-5°, in order to increase the stiffness of the inner end member 2, which in turn facilitates the installation, as the inner end members 2 are thus easier to handle. The bend may either be present already in the supply condition, but may also be carried out as an initial step in the mounting process.

[0030] The engagement between the side member 4 and the inner end member 2 is also slightly different, in that the tab or tongue (not shown) on the side member is introduced into a pocket generally designated 26' and formed in the inner side member 2.

[0031] Afurther difference shown in Fig. 20 is the form of the extent member 3, which now comprises the base 31' and the extent piece 32' as in the first embodiment, however, of different lengths and configurations. The base 31' is relatively short and accommodates, as before the extent piece 32'. However, the extent piece 32' has, in the supply condition, a substantially longer extension than the base 31' and may be provided with a substantial length as the length is adapted to the precise distance required by translating the extent piece 32' relative to the base 31' and subsequently cutting the extent piece 32' to the desired length. To this end, the inner end member 2 is provided with an aperture 29. This embodiment makes it possible to provide the kit of parts according to the invention for covering a wide variety of roof thicknesses and inner wall inclinations.

[0032] Eventually, it is shown how the first section 21' has a slightly longer extension than in the first embodiment, i.e. the entire inner end member 2 is wider. The end portion of the first section 21' forms an abutment for the side members 4 at either side which in turn eases the mounting.

[0033] Turning now to Figs 21 and 22 showing the kit with and without the window frame 100, respectively, details of the outer end member 1 will be described. First, it is noted that the two sections 11,12 are formed by roll-forming and have a separate end element 15', 16' at each end. The separate end element 15', 16' is connected to the sections 11, 12 by means of for instance rivets (not shown in detail). The end element comprises a first portion 15' forming the connection to the extent member 3, and a second portion 16' forming the connection to the window, partly in a flange to extend into a groove in the side members of the frame 100, partly by engagement means 19 which are provided with openings formed by a tool to provide a jagged edge which secures at least temporary retention to the window. This allows the installer to leave the kit while for instance reaching out for tools to provide more permanent fastening of the kit to the window, for instance by screwing.

[0034] Figs 23, 24 and 25 show the upper portion of the kit, with and without the window frame, respectively. The inner end member 2, the outer end member 1, the extent members 3 and the side members 4 are formed and connected to each other in a corresponding manner as described in connection with Figs 21 and 22. An additional element 39 extending between the left-hand and the right-hand extent member 3 provides additional stiffness and stability.

[0035] The side member 4 may as mentioned in the above also be formed with more parts than the two shown in Fig. 4, for instance by three members telescoping within each other as suggested in for instance Fig. 19.

[0036] The greater range of lengths of the side members and the extent members 3 makes it possible to accommodate larger wall thicknesses, for instance up to 550 mm.

[0037] Even though the kit of parts is advantageous in situations in wfnich no inner wall is yet present, it is also particularly easy to install when an inner wall has already been mounted. In such a situation, the method of providing the lining may be supplemented by the initial step of forming an aperture in the plate or sheet forming the inner wall, for instance gypsum. The aperture needs not correspond exactly to the finished light opening, but may be adapted in a further step.

[0038] The upper and lower units are formed substantially as described in the above, but the extent piece 32' of each extent member 3 is then cut to an approximate measure using measured values and is connected to the base 31' once the inner and outer end members 2, 1 have been installed. As the inner end members 2 may not be fastened to the inwards facing sides of the rafters, the inner end members 2 are bent to a desired extent and then fastened to sides of the rafters.

[0039] A vapour barrier collar is advantageously mounted beforehand, and may now be cut to the precise size by the guidance provided by the kit of parts. Following the cutting, the edges of the vapour barrier collar may be folded and taped to the side members 4.

[0040] Referring now to Figs 26 to 28, a slightly varied manner of installing the kit of parts of the embodiment shown in Figs 19 to 25 is shown. The roof structure comprises, in addition to rafters, of which one rafter 200 is shown, vertical beams of which one beam 250 is shown. The lower one of the set of inner end members 2 is positioned at a distance from the transition between the vertical beam 250 and the rafter 200 indicated as x mm. In order to allow the side members 4 to be connected to the set of inner end members 2 by introducing tab or tongue 44 into pocket 26' and still provide the adaptation to the rafter 200 and hence the inclination of the inner wall, a cut 49 is carried out in the side member at a distance x from the end portion of the side member. The cut 49 is only present in one portion of the side member 4 to provide a coherent folding line 49.

[0041] The invention should not be regarded as being limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings and described in the above. Various modifycations and combinations may be carried out within the scope of the appended claims.

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Patent documents cited in the description

• EP'17399A fOOOSI

• EP414567A fOOOSI • FP2S7362A Γ00051 • USfi!S44455A rOOOSl

Claims

A kit of parts for mounting a window cover to a window mounted in a roof structure, comprising a set of exterior end members (1) adapted to be connected to the frame (100) of a window, a set of interior members (2) adapted to be connected to the roof structure (200), a set of extension members (3) adapted to be connected to the set of exterior end members (1), and to the set of interiors elements (2) and a set of side elements (4) adapted to be connected to the set of interior elements (2), wherein the sets of exterior and interior elements, the set of extension elements and the set of side elements are adapted to be brought from a delivery state to a mounted state in which they form a trapezoidal prism shape such that a support frame is constructed and spans the thickness of the roof structure from the window frame to a position defining, for example the inner wall, characterized in that the support frame can then be used for securing plate elements for closing the window cover.

A kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein each outer end member (1) is substantially plate-shaped in the delivery state and has at least two sections (11, 12) separated by a weakening knee (10), preferably in the form of a perforation. .

A kit of parts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each inner end member (2) is substantially plate-shaped in the delivery state and has at least three sections (21, 22, 23) separated by weakening edges (20, 24), preferably in the form of a perforation.

A kit of parts according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each extension element (3) is shaped as a pair of mirrored telescopic L-shaped profiles, each pair comprising a base (31) and an extension piece (32).

A kit of parts according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each outer end member (1) is provided with engagement means (14, 15) for engaging with corresponding engagement means (37) for the extension members (3), preferably in in the form of at least two slots (14,15) and a projection or tongue (37), respectively.

A kit of parts according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each outer end member (1) is provided with engaging means for engaging the window frame (100), preferably in the form of a separate end member (15 ', 16'). ) at each end, or in the form of protruding hooks (19) for insertion into a groove in the window frame (100).

A kit of parts according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each side element (4) is formed as a pair of mirrored telescopic L-shaped profiles (41, 42), each pair comprising a base and an extension piece.

The kit of parts according to claim 7, wherein each inner end member (2) is provided with engagement means (25, 26; 26 ') for engaging corresponding engagement means (44, 45) in the side members (4), preferably in shape of at least two slots (25, 26) or pockets (26 ') and a protrusion or tongue (44, 45), respectively.

A kit of parts according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the set of extension elements (3) is associated with the set of internal elements (2) in the delivery state.

A method of providing a window cover using the kit of parts, comprising the steps of: a) providing a window with a window frame, b) mounting the window frame to a roof structure, c) providing a set of parts comprising a a set of exterior end members, a set of interior members, a set of extension members, and a set of side members in a delivery state; d) bringing the kit of parts from the delivery state to a mounted state by a corresponding end member of the inner set using at least one extension member, ii) connecting the end members of the exterior set to the window frame, iii) connecting the end members of the inner set with the roof structure, iv) connecting the side members to the end members of the exterior set , (e) providing a set of panels of substantially similar shapes the shape of the corresponding areas defined by the window frame, the inner end members and the side elements; and f) connecting the set of panels with at least the inner end elements and the side elements.

The method of claim 10, wherein step d) i) connecting a corresponding end element of the outer set to a corresponding end element of the inner set by at least one extension element is performed away from the mounting site.

The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein each outer end member is provided substantially plate-shaped in the delivery state and has at least two sections separated by a weakening line, preferably in the form of a perforation, and the two sections being folded around the weakening line below step d) ii).

A method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein each inner end member is substantially plate-shaped in the delivery state and has at least three sections separated by weakening lines, preferably in the form of a perforation, wherein the three sections are folded about the lines of weakening under step d) iii).

The method of claim 13, wherein at least one section of the inner end member is cut before performing step d) iii).

A method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein each extension element is rotatably connected to each inner end member, wherein the extension elements are rotated to approx. 90 ° to the first part before performing step d) i).