DK2540567T3

DK2540567T3 - Fastening system for the transport of heavy loads on a transport surface

Info

Publication number: DK2540567T3
Application number: DK12004590.1T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Carl Peter Behr
Original assignee: Wader Wittis Gmbh
Priority date: 2011-06-29
Filing date: 2012-06-19
Publication date: 2015-06-29
Also published as: DE202011105689U1; DE102011113863A1

Description

The invention concerns a fixing system suitable for the transport of a heavy load, in particular, a component of a wind turbine on a transporting surface, on particular on a ship.

Usually, loads are transported on a transporting surface, which may be the floor space of a ship hold or a hatch cover of a ship hold, in containers that have standard openings in their corner fittings, in which the holding devices, (twistlocks) engage. The transporting surfaces have corresponding openings, in which the twistlocks then engage on the other side. A twistlock is a locking element which always has a flexible cone on its top side and underside. This cone is arranged in a first position in such a manner that the twistlock can be inserted into the respective fitting apertures which are located on the top side and the underside. Inside the insertion openings, there is a closely fitting housing on a part of the insertion opening, which transmits horizontal forces. After insertion in the respective fitting apertures, the cones are turned via a lever provided on the twistlock and are shifted in a locked position. The system of insertion opening in the deck covering, twistlock and container corner is designed for a load of 25 t swl (Safe Working Load). This system has been proven worldwide and is used billions of times.

It becomes difficult when, for example, aboard ships, loads have to be transported that cannot be arranged in containers because of their size on one hand, and, which exceed the maximum load of 25 t swl of a connecting system - comprising a receiving device, twistlock and container corner - because of their weight, on the other hand.

Another problem while using classical twistlocks is their dimensional tolerances. In case of changing climatic conditions, the lengths of the frames change. This results in only partial transmission of the horizontal force because there is no guarantee that the central housing is in close enough contact with the insertion openings for the horizontal forces to be transmitted. This does not pose a problem in the case of container transport, but may be a problem in the case of large components with heavy loads, as it cannot be determined whether the fixing elements are engaged firmly enough that the load can be sufficiently secured horizontally under all climatic conditions.

Such large and heavy loads may be components of wind turbines. This is particularly the case in sea transport of wind turbine components (tower segments, rotor wings, engine pods, hubs), either from the place of manufacture to the country of installation or, in the case of construction of offshore wind turbines, from a shipment point to the place of construction.

Thanks to the increase in use of renewable energies, a variety of constantly increasing wind turbines is being set up. This is happening both onshore and offshore. Systems with an output of more than 5 MW and hub heights of over 100 m are possible and usual these days. Because the size of wind turbine components is steadily increasing, there is a corresponding increase in the difficulty of transporting these components.

Among other things, the costs of setting up the system and transporting the individual components of the system are decisive for the efficient use of wind energies. Many manufacturers of wind turbines source their components partly in-house and partly from suppliers located worldwide.

This means that cheap and safe transport must be ensured. Individual transport systems have been developed partly in a manufacturer-specific manner because of the large number of manufacturers and suppliers who started as small operators.

Currently, transport frames are used to transport such components. These frames are linked, either exclusively or in addition to the twistlocks to the welded connections with the transporting surface; alternatively, additional elements are provided which establish a holding connection with the transport frame on one side and the transporting surface on the other. This is problematic, as manufacturing and releasing the welded connections is time-consuming. For one, this prolongs the manufacturing process of wind turbines, which in turn increases the manufacturing cost, and on the other hand, the loading and unloading times of the ship are also increased, which reduces the operating period of the ship while simultaneously increasing the transport costs.

Over and above that, the systems with which the components are transported are customised to the respective project. This results in the disadvantage of high development costs for each new project and, under certain circumstances, lengthy approval processes involving the certifying authorities, so that a corresponding transporting system can be provided. It is also necessary to provide a suitable transporting system for each system component such as tower sections, engine pod, frame fixing means, e.g. tripods or lattice masts, because these have different requirements from the transporting system due to their sizes, weight, etc.

Another part of the transport problem is the transportation of elements of the wind turbines on ships from a port to which the manufacturer of the elements has delivered his products to a port in the installation area of the wind turbines. This transport is essentially horizontal. In this process, the elements to be transported are arranged on the deck, for example. However, vertical transport is also possible on particularly large, special ships. This could also mean straight transport journeys originating from the manufacturer. But vertical transport is also crucial because the number of wind turbines set up offshore is increasing. In this, vertical transport has the advantage that tower segments, for example, need not be shifted from the horizontal into the vertical position by means of a lifting device, like a crane. The vertically arranged tower segments can be removed at the installation location directly from the hold or the deck of the ship and can be mounted directly without any change in location. But even vertical transport has its share of problems, because forces and torques acting on the holding connections also show a corresponding increase.

The objective of the invention is to provide a fixing system of the type mentioned in the beginning, with which it is possible to transport large and heavy loads, especially vertical, and at the same time to ensure that the loads have been sufficiently secured on the transporting surface.

This objective is achieved via a fixing system suitable for transporting heavy loads, in particular of a wind turbine component on a transporting surface, especially on a ship, whereby the load is arranged on a transporting frame with at least one load-securing fixing means, such that the load-fixing means absorbs the vertical and/or horizontal forces and torques acting on the load and diverts them to the transporting frame, in that at least one other receiving device with at least one insertion opening for a vertically secure frame-fixing means is provided in or on the transporting surface. Through this process, the vertical forces and torques acting upon the load can be introduced from the frame via the receiving device in the transporting surface, and at least one other receiving device is provided on the transporting surface with at least one insertion opening for a horizontally secure frame-fixing means, via which the horizontal forces and torques acting upon the load can be introduced from the frame via the receiving device in the transporting surface. The transporting frame has at least one opening for inserting the vertically securing frame-fixing means, and the transport frame has at least one cut-out for inserting the horizontally securing frame-fixing means.

By providing two different fixing means for horizontal and forces respectively, and separate receptacles for these on the transporting frames, it is possible to ensure the securing effect independent of tolerances and changes in length, possibly because of changes in temperature.

Another model of the invention provides at least one opening in a wall portion of the cut-out and/or in a wall portion of the horizontally securing frame-fixing means. Through this opening, an arresting means can be inserted, preferably a threaded bolt which can be moved in relation to a wall portion of the horizontally securing frame-fixing means and/or in relation to a wall portion of the cut-out and/or in a depression in the wall portion of the horizontally securing frame-fixing means or the cut-out, so that a horizontally securing connection can be established between the transporting frame and the horizontally securing framefixing means. This way, dimensional tolerances can be balanced and a sufficiently horizontal holding effect can easily be provided.

Another model of the invention provides that there is at least one projection on a wall portion, preferably on the underside, which can be inserted into the insertion opening of the receiving device. It is advantageous that the projections are designed such that they fit perfectly into the insertion openings of the receiving devices. These provide a sufficient holding connection in the horizontal direction.

Another model of the invention provides that the horizontally securing framefixing means has a basic body at which its wall portion(s) is/are arranged. The basic body serves as a base for receiving the horizontal holding forces.

Another model of the invention provides that the receiving device has at least one basic body and a cover plate which forms the upper side, in which the insertion opening is located; furthermore, the receiving device preferably has a cover plate with at least or four insertion openings arranged inside and at least two or four basic bodies arranged below the insertion openings.

Another model of the invention provides that the vertically securing frame fixing means has an abutment, a locking element and a bolt connecting the abutment and the locking element; this locking element has a force-transmission surface situated on the outside of the locking element and a depression between the force-transmission surface and the bolt, the locking element can be rotated between an unlocked and a locked position and can be inserted in the unlocked position in the insertion opening of the receiving device. Such a frame-fixing means is particularly suitable for transmitting defined vertical forces.

Another model of the invention provides that the locking element can be screwed on the bolt, whereby the locking element can be arrested with respect to the bolt, preferably in such a way that the bolt and the locking element have a corresponding opening for receiving a securing element (preferably a securing pin). This presents a simple, secure and cheap option for setting up such a locking element.

Another model of the invention provides that the abutment can be plugged onto the bolt and can be arrested with a fixing element which can preferably be screwed onto the bolt, where a securing element is provided for securing the fixing element (preferably a securing pin). The bolt and/or the fixing element have at least one receptacle for the securing element, preferably in the form of an opening. The fixing element particularly has a number of receptacles, and a spring ring is provided for securing the fixing element. This way, it can be easily and safely ensured that the frame-fixing means can be set up easily and can be held and arrested securely at the same time.

Another model of the invention provides that the vertically securing frame-securing means is designed in such a way that the forces and torques acting vertically on the load can be completely absorbed by the total number of vertically securing frame-fixing means, and/or that the horizontal frame-fixing means is designed such that the forces and torques acting horizontally upon the load can be completely absorbed by the total number of horizontally securing frame-fixing means. This provides a corresponding controllability.

Another model of the invention provides that a guide-element for the transporting frame can be arranged on the transporting surface, preferably in connection with the receiving device, wherein the guide-in element preferably has at least one projection which can be inserted into the receiving device. Through such a guide-in element, it is particularly easy to ensure that the load can be arranged at the place provided, wherein exact positioning is possible depending upon the receiving devices, by inserting the projection in these.

Another model of the invention provides that a load-securing fixing means is a securing element, as described hereafter. These have proven themselves to be particularly advantageous.

Another model of the invention provides that the horizontally securing framefixing means is a frame-fixing means that is described hereafter. These have proven themselves to be particularly advantageous.

Furthermore, the invention object is detached via a securing element suitable for a fixing load, especially that of a wind turbine component, on a transporting element with at least one bolt element, which is operatively connected with the transporting element, with at least one arresting element that can be or is arranged on the bolt element. The arresting element has a first bearing portion for overlaying on an abutment, which is operatively connected to the transporting element, and it also has a second bearing portion for overlaying on a portion of the load or a bearing that can be arranged on the load, wherein a force that holds the load on the transporting element can be transmitted via the arresting element via the bearing portions, which force can be generated by a fixing element which can be mounted on the bolt, wherein substantially vertical loads or torques can be introduced from the load into the transporting element via the arresting element. In this way, it is easily and universally possible to arrange the different wind turbine components on a transporting frame or on a transporting surface and to attach and detach the components quickly. Furthermore, such a securing element is easy to set up and enables a secure connection between the support element and the wind turbine element. In addition, it is simple to quickly detach the wind turbine element from the support element by removing the arresting force.

Another model of the invention provides that the transport element is a transporting frame or a transporting surface, and/or that the operative connection of the bolt can be established with the transporting element via an opening in the transporting element, in which the bolt can be either inserted in or arranged on the transporting element, and/or a bolt is a threaded bolt, and/or a fixing element is a nut. By the provision of the threaded portion on the bolt element in connection with the fixing element and the abutment, it is easily possible to generate the arresting force in connection with the arresting element.

The turning ability of the arresting element with respect to the bolt element advantageously enables the easy assembly of the separate components of the securing element. Furthermore, the turning ability of the arresting element with respect to the bolt element enables secure and easy arrestability and detachability with respect to the load or the wind turbine element. The spacer makes it possible to generate a sufficiently secure holding force with respect to varyingly strong connecting portions of the wind turbine elements.

Another model of the invention provides that an arresting body is operatively connected with the abutment and the load, via which substantially horizontal loads are transferred from the load to the transporting element. In this process, the arresting body can be preferably inserted in the abutment; and/or the abutment has an opening in which an arresting means, preferably a threaded bolt, can be introduced and moved against a side wall of the arresting body and/or in an opening in the side wall of the arresting body, so that the operative connection can be established. Via the arresting body, through its operative connection with the load and abutment, it is easily possible to transfer substantially horizontal loads form the load to the transporting element. A space distance can be balanced in horizontal direction via the arresting means.

According to another model of the invention a guide element is provided which ensures that the load is arranged at the point on the transporting element intended for it; the guide element should preferably be a component part of the arresting body. Through the combination of the elements, a correct positioning can easily be ensured, without having to provide additional guides.

Furthermore, the invention object is also detached through a frame-fixing means suitable for horizontal fixing of a transporting frame onto a transporting surface with a basic body and at least a wall portion, which is arranged on the basic body or is a component part thereof, a projection, arranged on a wall section, that is suitable for detachable insertion in a receiving device with an opening provided in the basic body or in a wall portion. This wall portion is designed such that an arresting means, preferably a threaded bolt, can be inserted in the opening; an abutment portion is also provided in or on the basic body or in or on a wall portion, and is designed such that a horizontally holding connection between the basic body and the transporting frame can be established via another fixing means, preferably a threaded bolt.. The basic body serves as a basis for absorbing the horizontal holding forces. This basic body helps in providing particularly easy, adequate connections for absorbing horizontal forces. This is easily possible by the provision of corresponding openings.

Furthermore, the invention object is detached by a process for securing a heavy load, in particular of a wind turbine component, on a transporting surface, especially on board a ship, in which case the load is arranged and fixed to a transporting frame via a securing element, in particular as described above. The transporting frame is lowered onto the transporting surface. Before this takes place, however,, at least one vertically securing frame-fixing means is inserted into at least one opening provided for it in the transporting frame. The framefixing means engages in at least one receiving device which is arranged in the transporting surface when the transporting frame is deposited on the transporting surface. The vertically securing frame-fixing means has one locking element which is transferred after shifting from an insertion position into a locking position, characterised such, that the vertically securing frame-fixing means is designed such that the vertical forces and torques acting upon the load are transferred via the vertically securing frame-fixing means onto the transporting surface. At least one horizontally securing frame-fixing means, particularly as described before, is inserted in at least one cut-out in the transporting frame and in at least one receiving device corresponding with the cut-out, and an arresting means, preferably a threaded bolt, is led through at least one opening in a wall portion of the cut-out and/or in a wall portion of a basic body of the horizontally securing frame-fixing means. The aforesaid arresting means is moved with respect to the corresponding wall portion and/or in a corresponding opening in the wall portion of the horizontally securing frame-fixing means and/or the cut-out. The transporting frame is arrested in such a manner in relation to the transporting surface that the horizontal forces and torques acting upon the load are introduced into the transporting surface via the horizontally securing frame-fixing means. Following is a detailed explanation of a sample design of the invention in hand, in connection with a drawing. The figures show the following:

Fig. 1 a spatial view of the fixing system as per the invention,

Fig. 2 a first process step in relation to Fig.l,

Fig. 3 a second process step in relation to Fig.l,

Fig. 4 a third process step in relation to Fig.l,

Fig. 5 a fourth process step in relation to Fig.l,

Fig. 6 a fifth process step in relation to Fig.l,

Fig. 7 a first design form of a frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 8 a sectional view in relation to Fig. 7,

Fig. 9 a plan view in relation to Fig. 7,

Fig. 10 a detailed view in relation to Fig. 7,

Fig. 11 a detailed view in relation to Fig. 7,

Fig. 12 a second design form of a vertically securing frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 13 a third design form of a vertically securing frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 14 a fourth design form of a vertically securing frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 15 a fifth design form of a vertically securing frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 16 to 22 spatial presentations of the invention-related process steps for carrying out the vertically securing frame-fixing,

Fig. 23 a spatial partly cut view of the vertically secured transporting frame,

Fig. 24 a first spatial view of a horizontally securing frame-fixing means as per the invention,

Fig. 25 a second view in relation to Fig. 24,

Fig. 26 a spatial view of the frame-fixing means as per Fig. 24 in a receptacle,

Fig. 27 a first spatial view of the frame-fixing means as per Fig. 24 in connection with a transporting frame as per the invention,

Fig. 28 A view of the transporting frame section from Fig. 27,

Fig. 29 a second design form with Fig. 27,

Fig. 30 a plan view with Fig. 29

Fig. 31 a sectional view with Fig. 29

Fig. 32 to Fig. 35 a second design form of a fixing system as per the invention Fig. 36 to Fig. 38 an alternative design form of a fixing system,

Fig. 39 to Fig. 42 a first design form of a load-securing securing element as per the invention,

Fig. 43 to Fig. 46 a second design form of a load-securing securing element as per the invention,

Fig. 47 to Fig. 50 additional presentations of the fixing system as per fig. 32 to Fig. 35,

Fig. 51 to fig. 53 a third design form of a load-securing securing element as per the invention,

Fig. 1 shows a spatial view of a wind turbine element, which is a tower section 300, at the lower end of which a flange 200 is arranged. The flange is connected via a load fixing means 1010 with a transporting frame 120 of a transporting system 100. Via a crane that is not displayed, the load is arranged on a ship 400 on its transporting surface 410. Receiving devices 40 are arranged on the transporting surface. Guides 220 are provided in the external receiving devices 40 via twistlocks 210. Furthermore, horizontal frame-fixing means 500 are provided in the central receiving devices 40 (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

The transporting frame 120 has cut-outs 193, which are arranged in the longitudinal axis of the transporting frame 120 in its external frame 121. These cut-outs correspond with the place of arrangement of the horizontal fixing means 500, as can be seen in Fig. 4. Before attaching, vertical frame-fixing means 10 are inserted in the receiving areas 104 of the transporting frame 120. Before depositing the transporting frame 120 onto the transporting surface in the corresponding position, the guides 220 cause the horizontal fixing means 500 to be engaged in the cut-outs 193 and the vertical fixing means 10 to be engaged in the insertion openings 43 located in a cover plate 42 of the receiving device 40 with their respective locking element 12.

After the depositing (see Fig. 5), the vertical frame-fixing means 10 are locked n the receiving devices 40, as described below, and the horizontal frame-fixing means are arrested in the cut-outs. Then, the guides 220 are removed (see Fig. 6).

The horizontal fixing means 500 and their arrangement in the cut-out 190 of the transporting frame 120 are shown in Fig. 24 to Fig. 31. The horizontal framefixing means has a basic body 501. Projections 509 are arranged on their underside 507 and have insertion sections 510, which can be engaged in the insertion openings 43 of the receiving device 40. Side wall portions 502 are provided in the basic body 501 and have an end stop 511, which serves as an abutment. Furthermore, a rear side wall 503 is provided on the basic body 500, whose corners are connected with the side wall portions 502. The rear side 508 of the side wall 503 can also serve as an end stop. A bar 504 is provided for stabilisation. Holes 505 are provided in the rear side wall 503; these either have a thread (not shown) or have a threaded nut 198 attached on it. Threaded bolts 196 can be screwed into this threaded nut 198. The side walls 502 and 503 have a top side 506, which can also serve as an end stop.

In Fig 27, the horizontal fixing means is inserted into the corresponding receiving device 40 and the cut-out 40. The cut-out 193 (see Fig. 28) has a rear wall 194 and side walls or side wall portions 195. Holes 197 are provided in the side walls 195. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide holes 197 in the side wall 193. Threaded nuts 198 for receiving threaded bolts 196 are arranged along the outside of the side walls. Cut-outs 199 in the side wall of the external frame 121 of the transporting frame 120 are provided above cut-out 193. Through these, it is also possible to provide hole 195 and threaded nuts 198 in another wall portion.

If the transporting frame 120 is arranged on the transporting surface 410, the threaded bolts 196 are screwed into the nuts 198 till they fit closely at the end stops 211 or on the top side 206 of the basic body 501 or the side wall 194, 195. Thereby, a holding horizontal connection can be provided between the transporting frame and the horizontal frame-fixing means 500. This in turn provides a holding horizontal connection with the transporting surface 410 through the projections 5096 located in the insertion openings 43 of the receiving devices 40.

Figs. 32 to 35 show an alternative design form of the horizontal frame-fixing means 500, in which only a fixing section is provided. Several cut-outs 193 are provided for this on the transporting frame, so that a particularly variable adjustment to the respective load is possible.

Fig. 7 shows a first design form of the invention-related vertically securing framefixing means 10. The frame-fixing means 10 comprises an abutment 11 and a locking element 12, which are connected with each other via a threaded bolt 13. The threaded bolt 13 is connected with the locking element 12 via a connecting section 14. This is a threaded section 14' at the lower end of the bolt 13 and an opening 14" in the locking element 12, which has a corresponding threaded section, so that the threaded section 14' can be screwed into the opening 14" of the locking element.

The abutment 11 is designed as a ring-shaped washer 73 with a diameter 72. On its top side, the washer has a conically tapering section 73', which is integrally connected with the washer 73. The washer 73 has a hole 33 at its centre. The hole 33 corresponds with the diameter of the threaded bolt 13, so that the latter can be inserted in through the hole 33. The washer 73 has a thickness 74, which is designed such that a sufficiently secure holding force can be provided for the load. In addition, the thickness 74' of the washer 73 and the conical section 73' can also be accordingly taken into consideration. In one section, the threaded bolt 13 has a thread 15. On the thread 15, a nut 16 is screwed, which functions as an arresting element.

The bolt 13 and the locking element 12 show a corresponding hole 15', in which an arresting pin 15" can be inserted as a securing element (see fig. 8). A cross hole 16" is arranged in bolt 13, above the threaded section 15. This corresponds with u-shaped cut-outs 16' in the nut 16. The cut-outs 16' and a part of the cross hole 16" correspond , as regards alignment, to the mounted position, so that a spring pin 17' can be inserted through the cross hole 16" and the cut-out 16', which secures the nut.

For actuating the frame-fixing means 10, the threaded bolt 13 has an actuation section 55 on its top side 34. In addition, a hole 55' is provided in which a turning lever 56' can be inserted. The turning lever 56' can also serve as a connecting section with a turning tool.

The function and the other structure are explained subsequently.

Fig. 12 shows a spatial view of a second design form of an invention-related vertically securing frame-fixing means, comprising a frame-fixing means 10 and a receiving device 40. The frame-fixing means 10 comprises a top locking element 11 and a bottom locking element 12, which are connected with each other via a threaded bolt 13. The threaded bolt 13 is connected with the bottom locking element 12 via a connecting section 14. The top locking element 11 has a hole 33, through which the threaded bolt 13 is passed. On its top section 34, the threaded bolt 13 has a thread 15. A nut 16 is screwed onto the thread 15, and it functions as an arresting element. A flat washer 17 is arranged between the top locking element 11 and the nut 16. Both, the upper locking element 11 and the lower locking element 12 have a section 18, which faces the other respective locking element 11, 12. Section 18 always has two force-transmission surfaces 19, which are arranged on the inside 21 of the locking element 11, 12. Furthermore, section 18 has an internal section 21, which is separated from the force-transmission surface 19 via depression 20. The inner section 21 is designed as a square 23.

In their basic form, the upper and lower locking elements 11, 12 have a block shape, which provides a longitudinal extension 29 which is larger than the cross extension 30. The block has two side surfaces 31 in the longitudinal extension 29, and two side surfaces 32 in the cross extension 30. Furthermore, the locking element 11, 12 has an external surface 35, which always points away from the opposite locking element 11, 12 in the mounted state, and an internal surface 36, which always faces the other locking element 11, 12. The side surfaces 31 in longitudinal extension 29 are designed as flat surfaces, and the side surfaces 32 form a circular arc surface 37 in cross extension 30. The radius of this circular arc surface 37 corresponds with an internal diameter 49 of a cylindrical basic body 41 of the receiving device 40, which is described later. The external surface 35 of the lower locking element 12 is also designed as a circular arc surface 38. This circular arc surface 38 represents an insertion surface 27, with which the safety device 10 can easily be inserted in an insertion opening 43 of the receiving device 40. The upper locking element 11 has an external surface 35, which consists of a flat upper section 34 and two diagonally arranged or circular arc-shaped insertion sections 26. The insertion sections 26 simplify the depositing of a load 300 or of a transporting frame 120, if its fixing receptacle 104' is arranged such that the top locking element 11 is inserted therein. The top flat section 34 forms an abutment surface 28, against which the flat washer 17 and the nut 16 are screwed down, and is introduced through it, according to the holding force of the locking elements 11 and 12 in the safety device 10.

The lower locking element 12 has a chamfer 24 on its square 23 in cross extension 30; this chamfer functions as insertion aid when the square 23 of the lower locking element 12 is inserted in its locking position B in the insertion opening 43 from below. A corresponding chamfer 24 can also be provided at the square 23 of the top locking element 11 (not shown in the diagram).

The top locking element 11 has a larger dimension in cross extension 30 than the lower locking element 12. This prevents the safety device 10 from sliding into the interior 51 of the cylindrical basic body 41 after insertion in the receiving device 40. The top locking element 11 has a chamfer 25 on the square 23 along the longitudinal extension 29. The chamfer 25 also helps, as shown in Fig. 3, wherein the top locking element 11 in its insertion position A is being inserted correctly in the insertion opening 43. It serves as an insertion aid.

With respect to the top section 24 of the square 23, the force transmission surfaces 19 are offset-arranged, parallel, in the direction of the respective external surface 35 (offset C). In this manner, square 23 is provided in an increased manner, so that this can enter the insertion opening 43 of the receiving device 40 and the fixing receptacle 104' of the transporting frame 120.

The receiving device 40 has a cylindrical basic body 41, which is furnished with a cover plate 42. An insertion opening 43 is provided in the cover plate 42, which corresponds with the locking element 11, 12 as regards dimension and form. The insertion opening 43 has a longitudinal extension 45 with a longitudinal side 47 and a cross extension 46 with a cross side 48. In this, the cross side 48 is designed in the shape of an arc. On the top side of the cover plate 42, the insertion opening 43 has an all-round chamfer 44, which simplifies the insertion of the safety device. The cylindrical basic body 41 has an internal diameter 49. The internal diameter 49 is selected such that there is only a short distance 50 (see Fig. 9) from the lower locking element 12 to the internal wall 52 of the cylindrical basic body 41.

Fig. 13 shows an explosion view of a third design form of a frame-fixing means 10. The combined design is shown in Fig. 13a. The third design form of the framefixing means 10 comprises an abutment 11 and a locking element 12, which are connected to each other via a threaded bolt 13. The threaded bolt 13 is connected with the locking element 12 via a connection section 14. Abutment 11 is designed as a ring-shaped washer 73 with a diameter 72. The washer 73 has a hole 33 in the centre. The hole 33 corresponds with the diameter of the threaded bolt 13, so that this can be inserted through the hole 33. The washer 73 has a thickness 74, which is designed such that a sufficiently secure holding force can be provided for the load 300. At its top section 34, the threaded bolt 13 has a thread 15. A flat washer 17 is arranged between abutment 11 and nut 16. This can also be firmly connected with the nut 16 in an alternative design form. Another nut 54 is arranged above the nut 16 as swivel element 54. The locking element 12 has a section 18 which faces abutment 11. Section 18 has two force transmission surfaces 19, which are arranged in the inside of the locking element 12. Furthermore, section 18 has an internal section 21, which is separated from the force-transmission surface 19 via a depression 20. The inner section 21 is designed as square 23. In its basic form, the locking element 12 has a block shape, which provides a longitudinal extension 29, which is greater than the cross extension 30. On its external side 22 averted from the abutment 11, an insertion section 26 is furnished with insertion surfaces 27, which are designed as cone 59. On its external side, the washer 73 has an abutment surface 28, to which the arresting element 16 is pinch-screwed via the flat washer 17. In the longitudinal extension 29, the block has two side surfaces 31 and in the cross extension 30 it has two side surfaces 32. The longitudinal extension 29 and the cross extension 30 as well as the shape of the side surfaces 32 essentially correspond with the shape of the insertion opening 43. The side surfaces 31 in longitudinal extension are designed as flat surfaces, and the side surfaces 32 form a circular arc surface 37 in cross extension 30. The radius of this circular arc surface 37 corresponds with the internal diameter 49 of the cylindrical basic body 41 of the receiving device 40, which has been described above. The diameter 72 of the washer 73 of the abutment 11 corresponds analogously with the internal diameter 49 of the cylindrical basic body 41 of the receiving device 40.

The cone 59 or the inserting section 26 has inserting surfaces 27, with which the safety device 10 can easily be inserted in the insertion opening 43 of the receiving device 40. Furthermore, the inserting section 26 eases the depositing of the transporting frame 120 if its fixing receptacle 104' is arranged such that the locking element 11 is inserted therein.

The locking element 12 can have a chamfer 24 on its square 23 both in cross extension 30 as well as in longitudinal extension 29; this chamfer functions as an inserting aid, if the square 23 of the locking element 12 is inserted both in its insertion position A and in its locking position B in a cut-out 65 of a lower part 67 of a lower inserting section 62 of an insertion body 60. Chamfer 24 is not shown in the sample design 2 in Fig. 10 to 21.

Furthermore, the frame-fixing means 10 has the insertion body 60. The insertion body 60 has an upper insertion section 61 and a lower insertion section 62, which have a chamfer 63 in their transition area. The insertion body 60 has a hole 64 and/or a cut-out 65. Hole 64 corresponds with the diameter of the threaded bolt 13. Cut-out 65 corresponds with the dimension of square 23. Insertion body 60 has a larger dimension in longitudinal extension 29 than in the cross extension 30. The insertion body 60 essentially corresponds with the dimension of the insertion opening 43 of the receiving device 40 or the fixing receptacle 104', e.g. the transporting frame 120. Chamfer 63 corresponds with chamfer 44 of the insertion opening 43 or a corresponding chamfer 110 of the fixing receptacle 104'. On its external circumference, the insertion body 60 has a chamfer 70, which eases the insertion of the insertion body in the insertion openings. Furthermore, a chamfer 75 is provided on the external side of cut-out 65 or hole 64 in order to ease the insertion or introduction of the threaded bolt 13 or the square 23.

Fig. 14 shows a fourth design form of the frame-fixing means 10. In this, the frame-fixing means 10 comprises an upper locking element 11 and a lower locking element 12, which are connected with each other via bolt 78. Bolt 78 is connected with the locking elements 11, 12 via a connecting section 14. The locking elements 11, 12 always have an insertion section 26 with insertion surfaces 27 on their inner side 22; the aforementioned section is designed as cone 59. Furthermore, locking elements 11, 12 have an internal section 21, on the external side of which a force-transmission surface 19 is always arranged via the cross extension 30. The force-transmission surface 19 is separated from bolt 78 through depression 20. But the upper locking element 11 is arranged in a distorted manner with respect to the lower locking element 12 by a turn offset F on bolt 78. Here, distortion is an offset of 15°, for example. On its external side 22, the upper locking element 11 has at least a connecting element 57 as distortion section 55. This is designed as a hexagon 79 at present. In this connecting element 57, a tool can engage to effect simultaneous twisting of the locking elements 11, 12 with respect to the insertion body 60. The insertion body 60 has a right part 80 and a left part 81. Both parts contain cut-out 82, whose diameter corresponds with the diameter of the bolt 78, and enclose this when in mounted condition. A chamfer is arranged at the respective top side and underside of the cut-out. Both the right part 80 and the left part 81 always have four corresponding holes 85, through which the threaded pins 84 can be guided. Threaded receptacles 86 are provided opposite the threaded pins 84 as fixing elements. The right and the left sides 69, 81 can be connected with each other through the threaded pin 84 and the threaded receptacle 86. Furthermore both the right part 80 and the left part 81 always have a hole 87, in which a spring 88 and a turning abutment 89 are provided in the form of a sphere. The spring 88 and the turning abutment 89 act as a turning restraint on the bolt 78, to prevent spontaneous or automatic distortion. In Fig. 14, the locking element 12 is in the insertion position A.

Fig. 15 shows a fifth design form of the frame-fixing means 10. This is different from the third design form in that an abutment 11 is provided instead of the upper locking element 11 and is connected with the lower locking element 12 via bolt 78. The diameter 77 of the abutment 11 corresponds with the internal diameter 49 of the receiving device 40. Otherwise, the structure is identical to the fourth sample design. In the fourth sample design as well as in the fifth sample design, the length of bolt 78 is designed such that transporting frame 120 cannot detach from the transporting surface 410'. In Fig. 15, the locking element 12 is in the locking position B.

Figs. 16 to 23 show how the vertical connection is established via the vertical frame-fixing means 10. The vertical frame-fixing means 10 is arranged in a receptacle 102" on the transporting frame 120, so that it is available for insertion in the corresponding fixing receptacle 104' before the depositing of the transporting frame 120 (see Fig. 16). Fig. 17 shows, that the threaded bolt 13 with the locking element 12 is detached from the abutment 11 and the nut 16 as well as from a spring ring 17", which is provided in a depression 18" on abutment 11 and inserted in the arrow direction A" in the fixing receptacle 104', above which a cylinder 115" is arranged with an opening 103". After the insertion (Fig. 18), abutment 11 with the spring ring 17" is set on the threaded bolt 12 and the nut 16 is also screwed into the threaded bolt 13 (Fig. 20 and 21). A tool 18' (Fig. 22) is used for this. The transfer of locking element 12 from insertion position A into the locking position B is done via a turning lever 56', which is inserted in a hole 55' (Fig. 23).

Fig. 36 to Fig. 38 show two design forms 10', 10" with the second design form as per Fig. 13, 13a. Two different insertion bodies 60, 60'are used. The insertion body 60', shown in Fig. 37, is smaller than the insertion body 60 as regards the size in longitudinal extension and cross extension, so that there is a gap 113" between the longitudinal side wall and the cross side wall for the insertion opening 43. The reduction is achieved by reducing the wall thickness 68 or the breadth 71. Because of the gaps 113", no horizontal forces H can be transmitted; only vertical forces G can be transmitted, as can be seen in Fig. 37. The larger insertion body 60 is provided in Fig. 38, and in this case there is no gap 113", but the surfaces are adjacent. This allows horizontal forces H to be transmitted in addition to the vertical forces G, as can be seen in Fig. 38. This can be used when, in addition to the vertical forces G, horizontal forces G may also be or should also be transmitted only on one side of a transporting frame 120. The different safety devices 10 can be marked in colour for better differentiation. The same is applicable to the receptacles 115" on frame 120.

Fig. 36 shows a design form of a transporting frame 120. The safety devices 10', 10" can be inserted in the fixing receptacles 104' on the transporting frames 120. Receiving devices 120 are arranged on the transporting surface 410', which always has four cylindrical basic bodies 41, which are fixed to a basic surface 42 and which can be specially strengthened. On lowering, the safety devices 10', 10" are inserted in the receiving devices 40 and are then arrested as described before.

Fig. 43 to Fig. 46 show a first design form of an invention-related load-securing safety element 100 in connection with a transporting frame 120 and a flange 200 as the connecting section of an element 300 of a wind turbine.

The safety element 100 comprises a bolt 101, at one end of which a bolt head 102 is provided and at the other end of which a threaded section 106 is provided. Another component of the safety element 100 is an arresting element 103, which has a hole 112 through which the bolt 101 is inserted. The arresting element 103 has a cantilever arm 113, at one end of which a projection 114 is provided and at the other end of which a longer projection 115 is provided. At the end of the projections 114, 115, a supporting section 104, 105 is provided. At the shorter projection 114, a spacer 109, 110 is provided, which has a depression 116 which corresponds with the respective supporting section 104, 105. At the end of the projection 115, a buffer element 111 is provided. Alternatively, a spacer can also be arranged here. In another alternative, neither a spacer 109, 110 nor a buffer 111 is provided, so that the projection 115 itself forms the supporting section 105 at its end.

The external side 118 of the projection 114, 115 is designed in an arched manner. In mounted condition, as shown in Fig. 1, the external side 118 or the corresponding section of the spacer forms an abutment section 117. When the wind turbine element is arranged on the transporting frame 120, the underside 205 of the flange 200 is in connection with the surface 132 of the transporting frame 120. At the top side 204 of the flange 200, there is an elevated section 202, which forms an abutment 203. The abutment 203 and the abutment section 117 secure the flange 200 against slipping on the transporting frame 120.

The transporting frame 120 has an arresting area 130 for mounting the safety element 100 in connection with the transporting frame 120. In surface 132, more holes 131 are provided in the arresting area 130. Under the hole 131, there is a strengthening element 135, through which the hole 131 passes in a similar manner. The strengthening element 135 is provided laterally through load carrying means 130, which are connected with the internal wall 140 of the transporting frame 120. The arresting areas 130 are provided on the internal beams 122, which are connected at right angles to an external frame 121 of the transporting frame 120. Under the strengthening element 135, an abutment 134 is provided which has a hole 136. The arresting element 103 is attached to bolt 101 for mounting the safety element 100 in connection with the transporting frame 120. There is a flat washer 108 between the arresting element 103 and the bolt head 102. The bolt 101 is inserted through the opening 131 and guided downwards till it passes similarly through the opening 136 of the abutment 134. Then, a flat washer 108 is attached to the bolt and a nut 107 is screwed into the threaded section 106 of the bolt.

After the flange 200 has been set on the surface 132, the arresting element 103 is set on the top side of the flange 200, so that the abutment section 117 comes in contact with abutment 203, as can be seen in Fig. 43. Depending upon the thickness 206 of the flange 200, the spacer 109 or 110 is selected on the projection 114 and inserted in projection 114. It is important that the spacer mounting of the receiving section 104 is in contact with the top side of the flange 200 and also that the receiving section 105 of the arresting element 103 is in contact with the surface 132 of the transporting frame 120. Then, the nut 107 is screwed onto the threaded section 106 against the abutment 134, so that a force is generated between the bolt head 102 and nut 107 which results in the arresting element 103 on the surface 132 and that of the transporting frame 120 and the surface 204 of the flange 200 being pressed. This results in the arresting of the flange 200 with respect to the transporting frame 120, so that the wind turbine element linked to the flange is arrested with respect to the transporting frame 120. Depending upon the diameter of the flange 200, the safety element 100 is inserted accordingly in the different holes 131.

The transporting frame (Fig. 45, Fig. 46) has an external frame 121, in which internal beams 122 are arranged, for example, at right angles in the shape of a cross (other arrangements are also possible). The arresting areas 130 are in the internal beams 122.

Support elements 126 are arranged on a side surface 124 which is in turn arranged on the external side of the external frame. Isosockets 124 for engaging twistlocks 210 are located on this support element, parallel to the side surface 124 and on the underside 143 of the carrier element 124. On the side surface 125 opposite the side surface 124, there are travel stops 127 for fixing the hub harness of a hub device, such as a crane.

Another internal beam 123 is provided parallel to the side surfaces 124, 125. On one side of the internal beam 123, there are support elements 139; Isosockets 128 are also located on its underside 144. The support elements 139 align with the support elements 126. Strengthened Isosockets 129 are located in the corner areas 138 of the external frame 121, to provide an alternative fixing to the usual Isosockets 128. The arrangement of the Isosockets 128 preferably corresponds with the Isosockets for container transport which are normally arranged on the loading hatches 110. A support section 146 is arranged on the top side 145 of the transporting frame 120, on which is arranged a guide element 141 in a hole 142. To take into account different diameters of the flange 200, there are several holes 142 in the support section 146, so that the guide element 141 can be arranged at different points.

In the arresting area 130 on the internal beams 122, there are strengthening elements on the opposite side of the internal wall 140, and these are arranged at the same points as the load securing means 133. A uniform load entry in the internal wall 140 is possible through these strengthening elements 137.

Fig. 39 to 42 show a second design form of an invention-related load-securing safety element 100 in connection with another transporting frame 120 and a flange 200 as a connecting section of an element of a wind turbine.

An abutment 119 is arranged on the transporting element 120 in the arrangement areas 130. This abutment 119 is either firmly attached to the frame, for example by welding, or inserted/attached in another manner. The abutment 119 is composed of a base plate 188, to which there is a rear side wall 183 with an opening 182 for inserting an arresting means 179, a threaded bolt, and side walls 184, which together form a holding frame 185which has an opening 187 on the fourth side. A guide 186 is provided on the side walls 184. The abutment 119 is structured with its components in such a manner that an arresting body 178 can be inserted.

The arresting body 178 has a base plate 188 on which is arranged a holding body 190 with a contact surface 191 (see Fig. 40). Furthermore, the base plate 188 has a guide 189 which corresponds with the guide 186 of the abutment 119. On its top side, the holding body 190 has a guide element 181. This helps in bringing a load 300, 300' in the correct position while depositing it on the transporting element 120. The arresting body 178 is inserted in the holding frame 185 of the abutment 119 before the load 300, 300' is deposited on the transporting element 120.

Threaded bolts 101 are arranged on the side walls 184. The bolts 101 are firmly connected with the side walls 184 and the base plate 187. Alternatively, they could also be connected via openings 131 in the internal beams 122 or in the external frame 121.

Spacers 109 are attached to the flange 200 of load 300. The spacer 109 is composed of workpiece bolt 177 and workpiece bolt 176. The workpiece bolts 177 are inserted in holes 208 and the workpiece bolt is placed on this.

After depositing the load 300, 300', the arresting elements 103 are set on the bolt 101. In the process workpiece section 104, comes on the spacer 109 or the workpiece 176 for overlaying. The workpiece section 105 comes on the top side 192 of the side wall 184 of the abutment 119 for overlaying. Then, a flat washer 108 is attached to the bolt, and a turning element 107, which is in the form of a nut 107 in this case, is screwed onto the threaded bolt 106 of the bolt 101, until a first holding connection is specified, which essentially absorbs vertical forces.

For horizontal arresting, a contact surface 191 of the holding body 190 of the arresting body 178 is moved against flange 200 or its side wall 209, by screwing in the threaded bolt 179 in the thread opening 182 into the rear side wall 183 of the abutment 119. The horizontal holding force between the abutment 119 and flange 200 is generated via the threaded bolt 179.

In addition to the vertical connecting means 211, 210, the transporting element 120 also has a horizontal fixing means 214 in the form of a basic body 216, which is inserted in a cut-out 215 in the transporting element 120. The basic body 216 is wedged through the threaded bolt 217, with respect to the transporting frame. Furthermore, the basic body 216 has projections on its underside which are not shown and which can be inserted in the Isosockets 211, 212 on the transporting surface 410' (Fig. 40, 41, 42).

Fig. 47 shows the transport of a load 300', here a tripod, which serves as a base for a wind turbine in an upright position on a barge 400' as a transporting vehicle. The barge 400' has a transporting surface 410' and a track system 420', with which the load 300' is transported on the barge 400'. In Fig. 39, the load 300' is arranged on the transporting frame system 100' and is connected with the transporting frame system 100' via the safety devices 1010. The transporting frame system 100' is connected with the transporting surface 410' via a fixing means, like a twistlock or a particular heavy load twistlock, which is not shown.

Fig. 53 shows a first design form of an invention-related safety element 1010. The safety element 1010 has a locking element 1011 and an abutment element 1012. A safety body 1014 is arranged between the abutment element 1012 and the locking element 1011. The safety body 1014 has a first section 1015, which is arranged on top, which is engaged - in the assembled condition of the safety element 1010 - with the abutment element 1012. Furthermore, the safety body 1014 has a section 1016, which is arranged opposite section 115 and is in mounted condition in effective engagement with the locking element 1011 and a top side 101' of a transporting frame section 102' of a transporting frame system 100'. The abutment element 1012 has a contact section 1037. Furthermore, the abutment element 1012 has an opening 1038, through which a bolt 1013 can be inserted. The bolt 1013 has a threaded section 1017 and a force introduction section 1019.

The safety body 1014 has an opening for passing through 1021, which is designed such that it corresponds with an insertion section 1022, which is arranged in this design form on the abutment element 1012, but can also be arranged on the locking element 1011. Furthermore, even the locking element 1011 has a receiving section 1033, which similarly corresponds with a part of the insertion section 1022 of the abutment element 1012. Moreover, an insertion section 1018 is available, in which bolt 1013 enters with its threaded section 1017; it is then screwed into this. The insertion section 1018 is either part of the locking element 11 or part of a turning element 1012, wherein the turning element 1020 can be designed as a separate component part or as part of the locking element 1011.

Furthermore, the safety body 1014 has a connecting element 1027 with which a holding connection can be established with a section 310' of the load, here the base plate 310' of the tripod 300'. The connecting element 1027 can be variably designed, depending upon the load to be transported. In the sample design shown, the connecting element 1027 has a fitting piece 1028. For this, openings 1034 are provided in a holding section 1039, which is arranged on the safety body 1014, through which the threaded bolts 1035 can be passed. Receptacles 1036 for the threaded bolts 1035 are provided in the fitting piece 1028, so that the fitting piece 1028 can be moved in the direction of motion with respect to the holding section 1039, so that the fitting piece 1028 can be moved against a wall section 330' of the load 300'. Through this, a fine adjustment can be made to the connection between the safety body 1014 and the connecting element 1027. The holding section 1039 is connected with the safety body 1014 via the bar 1040 for strengthening the connection between the holding section 1039 and the safety body 1014. The connecting element 1027 is always designed specifically with respect to the transporting load type.

The locking element 1011 has a basic body 1041, on which guide elements 1029 are arranged laterally. At the top side of the basic body 141, a holding section 1030 is arranged. The holding section 1030 has holding elements 1031, which are designed here in the form of projections 1032 and recesses 1044. Furthermore, the basic body 1041 and the holding section 30 arranged on the basic body have the receiving section 1033. On the underside of the basic body 1041, the force introduction section 1019 is arranged in the form of a turning element 1020, wherein the turning element 1020 is either fixed directly on the basic body 1041 or can be attached to it in connection with bolt 1013.

The holding section 1030 returns with respect to the basic body 1041 or the side surface 1042 of the guide section 129. In the area of this recess, the locking element 1011 has a contact section 1043 for vertical force transmission. Recesses 1044 are located between the projections 1032, so that the holding element 1031 has a serrated form. A similar design is also provided in a second design form in Fig. 52 for a safety body 1014 arranged in such a way that it can be shifted opposite the abutment element 1012 and the locking element 1011. The push-through opening 1021, in this respect, has a holding section 1023, which has projections 1024 and recesses 1045. Correspondingly, a holding section 1025 is arranged on the contact section 1037 of the abutment element 1012, and also has projections 1026 and recesses 1046.

The projections 1024, 1026 and recesses 1045, 1046 of the holding sections 1023, 1025 are designed such that the holding section 1025 of the abutment element 1012 can be inserted in the holding section 1023 of the safety body 1014. So long as the holding section 1025 is not inserted in the holding section 1023, the safety body 1014 can be moved, in this design form, in the direction of motion B' with respect to the abutment element 1012 and the locking element 1011. If the holding section 1025 of the abutment element 1012 is inserted in the holding section 1013 of the safety body 1014, movement in the direction of motion B' is prevented.

If the safety body 1014 is arranged above the locking element 1011 and if the abutment element 1012 is inserted along with its insertion section 1022 in the push-through opening 1021 of the safety body 1014 and in the receiving section 1033 of the locking element 1011, but bolt 1103 is not yet screwed completely into the insertion section 1018 of the turning element 1020, then it is possible to turn the safety body 1014 in the turning direction C' shown with respect to the abutment element 1012 and the locking element 1011 and to align it with respect to the load 300'. In the arrested condition, this is prevented by the arresting force to be introduced via the bolt 1013 with its insertion section 108 and the force introduction section 1019 of the turning element 1020. In addition, a safety element - not shown - can also be provided, with which the twisting in rotation direction C' is also prevented.

Fig. 51 shows the assembled condition for design form of the safety element 1010 as per Fig. 52, in which case the abutment element 1012 with its holding section 1025 is inserted in the push-through opening 1021 of the safety body 1014 and its holding section 1023. At the same time, the locking element 1011 is arranged below the safety body 1014 in section 1016 and bolt 1013 is inserted in opening 1038 of the abutment element 1012 and is screwed into the insertion section 1018 of the turning element 1020 with its threaded section 1017.

Fig. 32 shows a spatial view of a transporting frame section 102' of a transporting frame system 100'. The transporting frame section 102' has a top side 101', which serves as a contact surface for the load 300'. Furthermore, the transporting frame section 102' has a side wall 105' and another side wall 113', which are set up parallel to each other. On the top side 101', a receiving section 103' is shown which stretches like a slit along the side wall 105'. This receiving section 103' has an insertion section 110' at its ends for inserting the safety element 1010. On the side edges 117' of the receiving section 103', holding elements 106' are arranged. In this design form, the holding elements 106' comprise projections 109' and recesses 112'. There is a guide 114' with a guide surface 115' and a side surface 116' inside the transporting frame section 102' below the receiving section 103. Through this guide, the safety element 1010 can easily be moved in the receiving section 103'. The side wall 105' shows a long external wall of the transporting frame section 102'. If a second transporting frame section 102' is inserted, as shown in Fig. 34 and 35, then the side wall 113' shows the side facing the other transporting frame section 102'. On the side wall 113', a receptacle is always arranged, inside which a connecting means 108' can be fixed. The connecting means 108' is a turnbuckle rod, with the result that the transporting frame sections 102' can have a retaining connection with each other. The turnbuckle rod can also be used to align both the transporting sections 102' with respect to the load 300', if this is necessary.

Figures 48 to 50 show the insertion of the locking element 1011 in a receiving section 103' of a transporting frame section 102' of a transporting frame system 100', which is fixed on a transporting surface 410' of a transporting means 400' (see fig. 48 to 51 and 34, 35). Then, in Fig. 35, the load 300' is set down on the top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102' in such a way that an opening 320' is located in a base plate 310', corresponding to the receiving section 33 of the locking element 1011. Then, the push-through opening 1021 of the safety body 1014 is placed on the base plate 310' corresponding to the opening 320' in the base plate 310', so that a contact surface 1047 of the fitting piece 1028 of the connecting element 1027 is engaged with a side wall 330' of the tripod 310'.

Then, the abutment element 1012 is inserted through the push-through opening 1021, the opening 320' and the receiving section 1033, wherein the holding section 1025 engages with the projections 1026 and the recesses 1046 of the abutment element 1012 in contact with the holding section 1023 and its projections 1024 and recesses 1045. Then, the bolt 1013 is inserted through the opening 1038 of the abutment element 1012, so that the threaded section 1017 of the bolt 1013 enters the insertion section 1018 of the turning element 1020.

After the bolt 1013 is firmly screwed in via the force introduction section 1019 in the insertion section 1018, a holding connection is established between the safety element 1010 of the load 300' and the transporting frame section 102' of the transporting frame system 100'. By turning the threaded bolt 1035 of the connecting element 1027, the fitting piece 1028 is screwed in with respect to the side wall 320' of load 300', till a retaining connection with the contact surface 1047 exists at all the points provided, so that horizontal motion of load 300' with respect to the transporting frame system 100' is not possible. Vertical motion of load 300' with respect to the transporting frame system 100' is prevented by the firmly screwed bolt 1013 and the resulting arresting force introduced on the base plate 310' between abutment element 1012, safety body 1014, top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102' and the locking element 1011. The load 300' is detached in reverse sequence.

For inserting the locking element 1011 in the receiving section 103', the locking element 11 is inserted in the insertion section 110'. The insertion section 110' enters the guide 114', which is provided by the guide surfaces 115' and the side surfaces 116'. In this, the size of the guide sections 1029 must be measured such that the top side of the holding section 1030 is below the top side 101', if the guide sections 1029 are up on the guide surface 115'. The locking element 1011 is inserted in the insertion section 110 in the direction of motion D'. Then, the locking element 1011 is moved in the direction of motion E' in the receiving section 103', till the desired position is achieved in the receiving section 103', where which the load 300' should be fixed later. If the locking element 1011 has reached the corresponding position, it is guaranteed that the projections 1032 of the holding section 1030 are aligned with the recesses 112' and the holding element 106' of the receiving section 103' and that, analogously, the projections 109' of the holding element 106' are corresponding with the recesses 1044 of the holding element 1030. If this has taken place, in the course of further mounting, the locking element 1011 can be raised in the direction of motion F' in such a way that the contact section 1043 of the locking element 1011 comes into contact with a corresponding contact section 118' of the top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102'. Depending upon the design, the top side of the holding section 1030 aligns in this position with the top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102' or the holding section 1030 is located below the top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102', if it needs to be guaranteed that the load 300' lies only on the top side 101' of the transporting frame section 102'.

List of reference signs: 10 Frame securing element 20 Depression 10' Horizontal 21 Inner section frame securing element 22 External side 10" vertical 23 Square frame securing element 24 Chamfer (cross extension)

Chamfer (longitudinal 11 Top/second 25 extension) locking element/abutment 26 Insertion section 12 Lower/first 27 Insertion surface

Abutment/Abutment

Locking element 28 surface 13 Threaded bolt 29 Longitudinal extension 14 Connecting section 30 Cross extension

Side surface (longitudinal 14' Opening 31 extension)

Side surface (cross 14" Thread 32 extension) 15 Thread 33 Hole 15' Hole 34 Upper section 15" Arresting pin 35 External surface 16 Nut/Arresting element 36 Internal surface

Circular arc surface (cross 16' Cut-out 37 extension)

Circular arc surface 16" Cross hole 38 (underside) 17 Flat washer 39 Upper section 17' Spring pin 40 Receiving device 17" Spring ring 41 Cylindrical basic body 18 Section/Portion 42 Cover plate 18' Turning tool 43 Insertion opening 18" Depression 44 Chamfer 19 Force-transmission surface 45 Longitudinal extension 46 Cross extension 75 Chamfer 47 Longitudinal side 76 Internal surface 48 Cross side 77 Diameter 49 Internal diameter 78 Bolt 50 Distance/Gap 79 Hexagon 51 Internal space 80 Right part 52 Internal wall 81 Left part 53 Underside 82 Cut-out 54 Turning element/Nut 83 Chamfer 55 Turning section 84 Threaded pin 55' Hole 85 Hole 56 Square 86 Threaded receptacle/ 56' Turning lever Fixing element 57 Connecting element 87 Hole 58 Display element 88 Spring

Turning 59 Cone 89 abutment/Sphere/Element 60 Insertion body/Housing 100 Load securing element/ 60" Insertion body/Housing Securing element

Transporting frame 61 Upper insertion section 100' system 62 Lower insertion section 101 Bolt 63 Chamfer 101' Top side 64 Hole 101" Support 65 Cut-out 102 Bolt head

Transporting frame 66 Upper part 102' section 67 Lower part 102" Receptacle 68 Wall thickness 103 Arresting element 69 Breadth 103' Receiving section 70 Chamfer 103" Opening 71 Breadth 104 Support section 72 Diameter 104' Fixing element 73 Washer 105 Support section 73' Conical section 105' Side wall 74 Thick washer 106 Threaded section

Thick washer + conical 74' 106' Holding element section 107 Nut 125 Side surface 107' Receptacle 126 Support element 108 Flat washer 127 Stroke stop 108' Connecting means 128 Isosocket 109 Spacer 129 Strengthened Isosocket 109' Projection 130 Arresting area 110 Spacer 131 Hole 110' Insertion section 132 Surface 111 Buffer element 132" Adjacent surfaces 111' Underside 133 Load-securing means 112 Hole 134 Abutment 112' Return 135 Strengthening element 112" Transporting surface 136 Hole 113 Cantilever arm 137 Strengthening element 113' Sidewall 138 Corner 113" Distance/Gap 139 Support element 114 Projection 140 Inner wall 114' Guide 141 Guide element 114" Strengthened section 142 Hole 115 Projection 143 Underside 115' Guide surface 144 Underside 115" Cylindrical body 145 Topside 116 Depression 146 Test section 116' Side surface 147 Height adaptor 117 Abutment section 148 Opening/Isosocket 117' Side edge 150 Hub securing device 118 External side 151 Beam 118' Contact section 152 Stroke stop 119 Abutment 153 Jaw 120 Transporting frame 154 Opening/Isosocket 121 External frame 155 End stop 122 Inner beam 156 Lashing 123 Inner beam 157 Support 124 Side surface 158 Frame 159 Tracks 197 Hole 160 Opening/Isosocket 198 Nut 161 End stop 199 Cut-out 162 Receptacle, mobile 199' Abutment 163 Side surface 200 Flange 164 Side surface 201 Connection 165 End stop 202 Raised section 170 Transporting frame 203 Abutment 171 Base frame 204 Top side 172 Support element 205 Underside 173 Corner 206 Thickness 174 Connecting area 207 Guide element 175 Guide element 208 Hole 176 Support 209 Side wall 177 Support bolt 210 Twistlock 178 Arresting body 211 Isosocket 179 Arresting means, threaded 212 Strengthened Isosocket bolt 180 Side wall 213 Strengthened Twistlock 181 Guide element 214 Cut-out 182 Opening 215 Horizontal fixing means 183 Rear side wall 216 Basic body 184 Side wall 217 Threaded bolt 185 Holding space 220 Guide 186 Guide 300 Tower segment 187 Opening 300' Load, tripod 188 Base plate 310 Rotor 189 Guide 310' Base plate 190 Holding body 311 Hub 191 Contact surface 312 Blade 192 Top side 320' Opening 193 Cut-out 330' Side wall 194 Side wall 400 Ship 195 Side wall 400' Transporting means, barge 196 Threaded bolt 410 Loading hatch 410' Transporting surface 1011 Locking element 420 Crane 1012 Abutment element 420' Track system 1013 Bolt 430 Loading space 1014 Safety body 500 Horizontal 1015 Section/portion frame fixing means 1016 Section/Portion 501 Basic body 1017 Threaded section 502 Side wall section 1018 Insertion section 503 Rear side wall section 1019 Force introduction section 504 Bar 1020 Turning element 505 Hole 1021 Push-through opening 506 Top side 1022 Insertion section 507 Underside 1023 Holding section 508 Rear side 1024 Projection 509 Projection 1025 Holding section 510 Insertion section 1026 Projections 511 End stop 1027 Connecting element A Insertion position 1028 Fitting piece A' Direction of movement 1029 Guide section A" Direction of movement 1030 Holding section B Locking position 1031 Holding element B' Direction of movement 1032 Projection B" Direction of movement 1033 Receiving section C Offset 1034 Opening C' Turning direction 1035 Threaded bolt D Turning direction 1036 Receptacle D' Direction of movement 1037 Contact section E Lifting direction 1038 Opening E' Direction of movement 1039 Holding section F Turning offset 1040 Bar F' Direction of movement 1041 Basic body G Vertical force 1042 Side surface H Horizontal force 1043 Contact section 1010 Safety element 1044 Return 1045 Return 1046 Return 1047 Contact surface

Claims

A fastening system suitable for carrying a heavy load (300), in particular a component of a wind turbine, on a transport surface, in particular on a ship (400 '), wherein at least one receiving device (40) with at least one insertion opening (43) ) to a vertical securing frame fastener (10 ") is provided in or on the conveying surface (410 '), through which frame fastening means the vertical forces and moments acting on the load (300) can be introduced from the frame (120) into the conveying surface (410'). ) via the receiving device (40), characterized in that the load (300) is arranged on a transport frame (120) with at least one load securing fastening means (100, 1010) so that the load fastening means (100, 1010) absorb vertical and / or horizontal forces and moments acting on the load and introducing them into the transport frame (120) by at least one additional receiving device (40) having at least one insertion opening (43) for a horizontal securing frame frame fastening means (10 ', 500) are provided on the conveying surface (410'), through which frame fastening means the horizontal forces and moments acting on the load (300) can be introduced from the frame (120) into the transport surface (410 ') via the receiving device (40). ), in that the transport frame (120) has at least one opening (103 ") for inserting the vertically securing frame fastening means (10) and in that the transport frame (120) has at least one cutout (193) for receiving the horizontally securing frame fastening means (10). ', 500).

Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one opening (197, 505) is provided in a wall part (194, 195) of the cutout (193) and / or in a wall part (502, 503) of the horizontally securing frame fastening means ( 500), through which an opening may be inserted, preferably a threaded bolt (196) which can be moved relative to a wall portion (502, 503) of the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) and / or relative to a wall portion (194). , 195) of the cutout (193) and / or in a recess in the wall portion (502, 503) of the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) or of the cutout (193), with the result that a horizontally securing connection between the transport frame (120) and the Horizontally securing frame fastener (500) may be manufactured.

Fastening system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the horizontally securing frame fastening means (500) has at least one projection (509) on a wall part, preferably on the underside (507), which projection can be inserted into the insertion opening (43) of the receiving device ( 40).

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) has a base body (501) on which the wall part (502, 503) or the wall parts (502, 503) of the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) is placed.

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the receiving device (40) has at least one base body (41) and a cover plate (42) forming an upper side and in which the insertion opening (43) is located, where the receiving device (40) ) preferably has a cover plate (42) having at least two or four insertion openings (43) disposed therein and at least two or four base bodies (41) disposed below the insertion openings.

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the vertical securing frame fastening means (10 ") has a support (11), a locking element (12) and a bolt (13) connecting the support (11) and the locking element (12). ), wherein the locking element (12) has a power transfer surface (19) located on the outside of the locking element and a recess (20) between the power transfer surface (19) and the bolt (13), and the locking element (12) can be rotated between an unlocked and a locked position and may be inserted into the insertion opening (43) of the receiving device (40) in the unlocked position.

Fastening system according to claim 6, characterized in that the locking element (12) can be screwed onto the bolt (13), wherein the locking element (12) can be stopped relative to the bolt (13) with a securing element (15 "), preferably on such a in that the bolt (13) and the locking element (12) have a corresponding opening (16 ', 16 ") for receiving a securing element (15"), which is preferably a securing pin (17').

Fastening system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the support (11) can be mounted on the bolt (13) and can be stopped with a counter element (16), which can preferably be screwed onto the bolt (13), whereby: securing the counter member (16) to a securing member (15 ", 17 ') which is preferably a securing pin, preferably the bolt (13) and / or the counter member (16) having at least one receiver (16' 16") to the securing member ( 15 ", 17 ') preferably in the form of an opening, wherein the counter member (16) in particular preferably has a plurality of receivers (16') and / or by a spring ring (17") being provided to secure the counter member.

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertically securing frame fastener (10, 10 ") is designed so that the forces and moments acting vertically on the load (300) can be fully absorbed by the total number of the vertically securing frame fastener (10, 10 "), and / or in that the horizontally securing frame fastener (10 ', 500) is designed so that the forces and moments acting horizontally on the load can be fully absorbed by the total number of the horizontally securing frame fastener.

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an insertion element (220) for the transport frame (120) can be arranged on the transport surface (410 '), preferably in connection with the receiving device (40), the insertion element (220) preferably having at least one projection (210) which may be inserted into the receiving device (40).

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the load securing fastening means (100, 1010) is a securing element (100, 1010) according to one of claims 13 to 16.

Fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the horizontally securing frame fastening means (10 ', 500) is a frame fastening means (500) according to claim 17.

A securing element (100, 1010) suitable for attaching a heavy load (300), in particular a component of a wind turbine, to a transport element (120, 410 ') with at least one bolt element (101, 1013) operably connected to the transport element (120, 410 '), with at least one stop element (103, 1014) which can be mounted or arranged on the bolt element (101, 1013), the stop element (103, 1014) having a first bearing part (105, 1016) for supporting a consideration (119, 132, 101 ', 1011) operably connected to the transport element (120, 410') and another bearing part (104, 1028, 1047) to support part (200) of the load (300) or to a a bearing (109) which can be mounted on the load (300), whereby a force holding the load (300) on the transport element (120, 410 ') can be transmitted via the stop element (103, 1014) via the bearing parts (104, 105, 1016, 1028 , 1047), which force can be generated by a counter element (107, 1020) which can be mounted on the bolt (101, 1013) where substantially tical loads or torques are introduced from the load to the transport element via the stop element (103, 1014).

A securing element (100, 1010) according to claim 13, characterized in that the transport element is a transport frame (120) or a transport surface (410 ') and / or that the effective connection between the bolt and the transport element (120, 410') can be made via an opening (131, 136, 1018, 1033) in the transport element (120, 410 ') into which opening the bolt (101, 1013) may be inserted, or the bolt (101, 1013) disposed on the transport element (120, 410) ) and / or the bolt (101, 1013) is a threaded bolt and / or the counter member (107, 1020) is a nut.

Securing element (100, 1010) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a stop member (178) is provided which is operatively connected to the support (119) and the load (300) and via which substantially horizontal loads are transferred from the load ( 300) to the transport element (120), wherein the stop body (178) may preferably be inserted into the support (119), and / or by the support (119) having an opening into which a stop means (179), preferably a threaded bolt, can be inserted. which can be moved relative to a side wall of the stop body (178) and / or in an opening (182) in the side wall (183) of the stop body (178), with the result that the effective connection can be made.

Securing element (100, 1010) according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that a guiding element (141) is provided which ensures that the load (300) is arranged at the point of the transport element (120, 410 ') intended for this purpose, where preferably the guide member (141) is a component of the stop member (178).

A frame fastener (500) suitable for horizontal attachment of a transport frame (120) to a transport surface (410), having a base body (501) and at least one wall portion (502, 503) disposed on the base body (501) or being a component of the base body (500), with a projection (509) disposed on a wall portion (507) and suitable for releasable insertion into a receiving device (40), with an opening (505) provided in the base body (501) or in a wall portion ( 502, 503), which aperture is configured such that a stop member (196), preferably a threaded bolt, can be inserted into the aperture, and with a recoil member (511) provided in or on the base member (501) or in or on a wall member (502, 503), the tether portion is configured such that a horizontal holding connection between the base body (501) and the transport frame (120) can be made relative to the tether portion (511) via an additional fastener (196), preferably a threaded bolt.

A method of securing a heavy load (300), in particular a component of a wind turbine, on a transport surface (410 '), in particular on board a ship (400), in which the load (300) is mounted and secured to a transport frame ( 120) via a securing element (100, 1010), in particular according to one of claims 13 to 16, and the transport frame (120) is arranged on the transport surface (410 ') by immersion, where, before the immersion, at least one vertical securing frame fastening means (10, 10 ") is inserted into at least one opening (104 ') provided thereto in the transport frame, which frame attachment means engages with at least one receiving device (40) disposed in the transport surface (410') when the transport frame (120) is applied to the transport surface (410 '), the vertically locking frame fastener (10, 10 ") has a locking member (11) which, after being placed, is transferred from an insertion position (A) to a locking position (B), characterized in that it is vertically secured. frame fastening means (10, 10 ") are configured so that the vertical forces and moments acting on the load (300) are transmitted to the transport surface (410 ') via the vertically securing frame fastening means (10, 10") by a horizontally securing frame fastening means (10 500, in particular according to claim 16, is inserted into at least one cut (193) in the transport frame (120) and at least one receiving device (40), corresponding to the cut, by passing a stop means (196), preferably a threaded bolt, through at least one opening (197) in a wall portion (194, 195) of the cutout (193) and / or in a wall portion (502, 503) of a base body (501) of the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) and movable relative to it. corresponding wall portion and / or to a corresponding opening in (502, 503) of the horizontally securing frame fastener (500) and / or of the cutout (193), and the transport frame (120) is aligned with the conveying surface (410 ') with the result that they hear isontal forces and moments acting on the load (300) are introduced into the transport surface (410 ') via the horizontally securing frame fastener (500).