DK2350174T3 - Forarbejdning af materialer - Google Patents
Forarbejdning af materialer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK2350174T3 DK2350174T3 DK09745204.9T DK09745204T DK2350174T3 DK 2350174 T3 DK2350174 T3 DK 2350174T3 DK 09745204 T DK09745204 T DK 09745204T DK 2350174 T3 DK2350174 T3 DK 2350174T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic material
- materials
- biomass
- inorganic
- ions
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
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- AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]P(=O)=O AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- KCYKMHYZMABQDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O KCYKMHYZMABQDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSRGDVARLLIAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O LSRGDVARLLIAFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
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- C10G31/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
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- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G51/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
- C10G51/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G51/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only including only thermal and catalytic cracking steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G55/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process
- C10G55/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only
- C10G55/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Claims (15)
1. Fremgangsmåde til forarbejdning af et carbohydratholdigt materiale, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter: bestråling af en kombination dannet ved at kombinere et carbohydratholdigt materiale med et uorganisk materiale, hvor bestråling udføres med accelererede elektroner, hvor det carbohydratholdige materiale omfatter et cellulose- eller lignocellulosemateriale, og hvor det uorganiske materiale omfatter: et metal eller en metallegering; en metalforbindelse; et ildfast materiale eller en keramik.
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor elektronerne accelereres til en hastighed, der er større end 75 % af lysets hastighed.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 eller krav 2, hvor kombinering af det carbohydratholdige materiale med det uorganiske materiale omfatter tørblanding eller fælles findeling, fortrinsvis hvor kombinering af det carbohydratholdige materiale og det uorganiske materiale omfatter fælles findeling af materialer, mens hvert materiale afkøles til en temperatur under 25 °C, eventuelt hvor materialerne afkøles til en temperatur på eller under 0 °C.
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor metallet eller metallegeringen er udvalgt fra gruppen bestående af jernholdige metaller, uædle metaller, ædelmetaller, ædle metaller og overgangsmetaller.
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor det uorganiske materiale omfatter aluminiummetal.
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor metalforbindelsen omfatter jern eller cobalt i oxideringstilstanden 2+ eller 3+.
7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor det ildfaste materiale er udvalgt fra gruppen bestående af zircon, ildfast ler, silica, aluminiumoxid, chromit, siliciumcarbid, carbon, mullit, dolomit og magnesit.
8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor keramikken er udvalgt fra gruppen bestående af oxider, carbider, borider, nitrider, silicider og kaoliner.
9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af ovenstående krav, hvor det uorganiske materiale omfatter vand, der er i stand til at forlade det uorganiske materiale ved forhøjede temperaturer, og/eller hvor det uorganiske materiale ikke har et smeltepunkt, og/eller hvor det uorganiske materiale har et smeltepunkt, der er højere end ca. 400 °C.
10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af ovenstående krav, hvor det uorganiske materiale har en specifik varmekapacitet Cp, der er mindre end ca. 1,5, og/eller hvor det uorganiske materiale har en ledeevne på mellem ca. 0,004 og ca. 450 W/mK og/eller hvor det uorganiske materiale har en densitet, der er større end ca. 1,5 g/cm3.
11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af ovenstående krav, hvor det uorganiske materiale omfatter partikler med en gennemsnitlig partikelstørrelse på fra ca. 0,1 mikron til ca. 100 mikron, og/eller hvor kombinationen indbefatter ca. 0,05 til ca. 35 vægtprocent uorganisk materiale.
12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af ovenstående krav, der endvidere omfatter, efter bestråling, fjernelse af det uorganiske materiale, og omdannelse af det bestrålede carbohydratholdige materiale til et produkt ved anvendelse af et enzym og/eller en mikroorganisme.
13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 13, hvor produktet omfatter ethanol.
14. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 12 eller 13, hvor fjernelse sker efter omdannelse.
15. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 14, hvor mikroorganismen omfatter en gær.
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| NZ589925A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2012-03-30 | Xyleco Inc | Processing materials with ion beams, particularly converting hyrdocarbon-containing materials to fuel such as ethanol |
| EA201792351A1 (ru) * | 2008-10-28 | 2018-03-30 | Ксилеко, Инк. | Переработка материалов |
| JP5506220B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2014-05-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体 |
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