DK201300373A - Method and apparatus for monitoring vibration using fiber obtic sensors - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for monitoring vibration using fiber obtic sensors Download PDF

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Publication number
DK201300373A
DK201300373A DKPA201300373A DKPA201300373A DK201300373A DK 201300373 A DK201300373 A DK 201300373A DK PA201300373 A DKPA201300373 A DK PA201300373A DK PA201300373 A DKPA201300373 A DK PA201300373A DK 201300373 A DK201300373 A DK 201300373A
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Denmark
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
fiber sensor
signal
sensing
signals
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DKPA201300373A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger G Duncan
Brooks A Childers
Robert M Harman
Balagopal Ajit
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Baker Hughes Inc
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Publication of DK179413B1 publication Critical patent/DK179413B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
    • E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35312—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35329—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/12—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver
    • G01V8/16—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver using optical fibres

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Description

BACKGROUND
[0001 ] Bbør-ojjtie sensors have been utilized it a number of applications*, and have: been shown to have particular utility it sensing parameters In harsh envimnffients. {0002] Différent types .of motors, are utilized in downhole environments in a variety of systems, such as In drilling, pumping and production operations. For example, electrical suhmersifefe pump systems: [ESP*} are utilized in hydrocarbon exploration to assist, in tire removal of hydroearbon-containlng fluid from a. fonnafion. and/or reservoir. ESfi and oilier systems are disposed downhole in a wellbore, and are consequently' exposed to harsh conditions and operailiig parsmeiers that can have a significant effect on system. performance and useful life of tire systems - ESP and other systems vibrate for: nm! tip ie reasons, fo addition to, normal motor vibration. Excessive motor vibration can occur for various reasons, and should, be addressed to avoid damage: and/or feiinre of die motor and other downhole components. Motors and generators, in themselves not easy to monitor, present particular challenges when they are located in harslr environmenis,
SUMMARY
[0003] An apparatus for monitoring, a downhole component iMudes: an optical fiber sensor haying a length thereof in ah operable relationship with the downhole component and configured to deform in response to deformation of the downhole component, the optical fiber sensor incl uding a plurality of sensing locations distributed along a length of the optical fiber sensor; an interrogation assembly configured to transmit an eiecttqmåfmefic iMérrogatiffo signal into the optical fiber sensor and receive reflected' signals from, each of the plurality of sensing locations; and: a processing unit configured to receive the reflected signals, select, a meåsufemeni location along the optical fiber sensdfi select a first reflected signal associated .with a first sensing location la the optical, fiber sensor, the first sensing location corresponding with the measurement location, select a second reflected signal associated with å second sensing location, in the optical fiber sensor, estimate a phase difierence between the first signal, and the second signal, and estimate a parameter of the downhole component at the raeasmement location based on the phase difforaocw [0004] A method of moniiotHig a døwnhole component æd udis·: disposing· a.'length of an optical fiber sensor h; a fixed relationship relative ΐο a downhole component, the optical fiber sensor coniigured to deform in response to defamation of the downhole component, the optical liter sensor including a plurality of sensing locations distributed' along: a length of the optica! fiber sensor; transmitting an eternmagnettc interrogation signal into the optical fiber, sensor and .receiving reflected signals from each of the plurality of sensing locations; selecting a. measurement location along; the optical fiber sensor; 'selecting: a first reflected signal associ ated with a first tensing location, in the optical fiber sensor, the first sensing location corresponding with the measurement location; selecting a second, reflected: signal associated with a second sensing location in the optical fiber sensor; estimating by a process©? a phase difference between the first, signal and the second signaEted estimating a parameter of the doWitiioté component at the rneasurement location based, on the phase difference. BRIEF DESCRj PI ION OF THE. 0Μβ 100051 Referring now to the drawings, wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures: [QQQ.6J FIG. 1 is a ctoss-séstictnal view1 of an embodiment of a downhole drilling, .monitoring, evaluation, exploration and/or production system.;.
[0007] FIG. 2 is a cross-secfional view of a: portion, of an. optical fiber sensor of the system of FIG, E
[000¾ .FIG. 3 Is.as iJiustratlon of interferometric signal data indicating' vibrational -or Osfelllåtefy motion; and [000F] FIG. 4 A a flow chart Illustrating a method of momtoring:'vibration· and/or other parameters of a downhole tool.
DETAILED GEfiCEIFOONGFEXEMPfAiy^'EMBODIMENTS
[1)01.0] Apparatuses, -systems- and methods for monitoring downhole· components are provided. Such apparatuses and systems are used, in one embodiment, to estimate vibrations and changes; in vibration m components such as motors and generators. In one emtedrmeoi, a. monitoring system includes a refieetometer having a: processing onit and an. optical fiber sensor. The optical, fiber sensor includes an optical fiber sensor having: a plurality nf sensing locations disposed therein, such as locations configured to: iøtoinsle&lly -scåtisr transmitted electromagnetic signals. The optica! fiber sensor may te dedicated, ibr monitoring the downhole CbmpoMiit or may be incorporated with Other fiber optic eomponenis, such: as contrøtinieatiøji and sensing fibers. An embodiment of a method of mordtoriiig a downhole component includes receiving reflected signals from the plurality of sensing locations:, and estimating, a·; phase difference between a first and second sensing location in the optical fiber sensor, in one embodiment, the method inofudes estimating phase differences between sensing locations associated with a plurality of measurement locations (each of which may correspond to a location on or In the downhole component) and .generating. a distributed, tiraewaryiiig phase difference pattern that can be used to estimate and momtot vibration or otlrer parameters offbe dowdioie component.
[001.1] Referring to TIG, h an exemplary embodiment of a downhole drilling., aiomtorffig,: evaluation, exploration and/or pretiitotien sysiem 10 associated with: a wellbore 12 is shown. A borehole string 14 is disposed In the wellbore 12, which penetrates at least one earth formation 16 for facilitating operations such as dfilling,. extracting matter from the fosmation nnd making measurements of properties of the formation 16 andfor the wellbore 12 downhole. The borehole string. 14 includes any of various eomponente to ,".uut Jo subierranean operations. The borehole string 1:4 is made feom, for example, a pipe, multiple pips sections or flexible tubing. 'The borehole string 14 metodes for example, a drilling system and/or a bottomhole assembly (BHA).
[0012] The: system, 10 and/or the borehole string: 14 include any number of downhole tools IS for various processes including drilling, hydrocarbon production, and. formation evaluation (FE) fee measuring one or mote physical .quantities in. or around a hofohofe. 'For example, the fools IS Include a drilling assembly and/or a ptoapitg assembly, Various nmmmanent tools may be ineørporated. into the system. Hi to affect measurement .^regimes such as w'irelin.e.moasuremcnt applications or logging-'while-drilling(LWD) applications.
[0013] to one embodiment, at least one of Ihe tools 18 ineiudes an electrical submetsibie pump (ESP) -'assembly 20 <x>nnected to the production string 14 as part: off for example, a bottomhole assembly (BHA)-, Ths: ESP assembly 20 Is milled ίο pttoip production fifed through the production string 14 to the surface; The ESP assembly 20 ifrcludies components such as a motor 22, a seal section 24;, an inlet or intake 26 and a {sump 28. The motor 22 drives the pump 28, which, takes hi fluid (typically an oil/water «fixture) via the inlet 26, and discharges tbs fluid at: increased; pressure into the production string 14. The motor 22, is one embodiment, is supplied with electrical, power via an electrical conductor such as a downhole power cable 3¾ which is operably connected to a power supply sy stem 3.2.
[0G.1.4]. The·-tools-18 and other downhole components are not limited to those described herein. Is one embodiment, the tool If msludes any type of tool or component; that experiences vibration, deformation or stress downhole. Examples of tools that experience vibration include motors, or generators such as ESF motors, other pump motors and drilling motors, as well as devices and systems that inclnde or otherwise utilize such motors.
[001,5] The system 10 also includes one or more fiber optic components 34 eorfogimed to perform various fimctions in the system 10, such as eomniomcation and sensing various parameters, 'Her example, fiber optic components 34 may he Included as a; fiber ορΰ: c-omraimieatton cable for immmftthsg data and commands between downhole components and/or between downhole components ami a surface component such as a suxfe.ee processing unit 36. Other examples of fiber optic components 34- include liber optic sensors configured to measure downhole properties such, as temperature, pressure, downhole fluid compost lion,: stress, strain and deformation of downhole components sneh. as the borehole string 1-4- and the tools 18. The optical fiber component 34, in. one etubodinient, is configured as an optical fiber sensor and incliicl.es at least one optical fiber having one or mors sensing locations- disposed along; the length of the optical fiber sensei 34. Examples of sensing locations include fiber Bragg gratings (FBClk nfifoofe, Fahfy-Petot Cavities and locations of intrinsie scattering. Locations of intrmsic scattering include points in or lengths of the fiber tliat reflect interrogation signals, each as Rayleigh, scattering, Brillouin:Scalfer.mg and Rarnan seafteriag locations.
[0016]'The- system 10 also Includes an optical -fiber monitoting system: configured to interrogate one or more of the optical, fiber components 34 to estimate a parameter (e,g., vibration) of the tool 18, ESP assembly 20 or other downhole component Hi one embodiraerd. th© momtøfing Såtern iti configure«! to identify a change m a parameter such: as vibration. .4 change in vibration. may indicate that the downhole component has token or otherwise been damaged, and the monitoring system can enable rapid diagnosis of problems so that remedial actions can he taken. In: one embodiment, at least a portion of the. optical fiber component 34 is integrated with or affixed tø a component of the tool 18, such, as the ESP motor 22 orothet motor or generator. For example, the; fiber optical component 34 is attached to a. housing or office part o f the motor 22, the ptrøp 28 or otter component of th e ESP assembly 20, [0017] The optical fiber monitoring system, may be configured as a distinct system or
incorporated into other fiber optic systems. For example, the monitoring system may.incorporate existing optical fiber components such as commraiicatkm fibers and iempemtore or strain sensing fibers. Examples of monitoring' systems inekde./Extrinsic. MeiferfiffibitiO (EFfil systems), optical frequency domain refieetomehy fOFBR) and optical, time, domain rcffilectometiy (l'» Ii >i<) systems.
[0018] The monitoring system., includes a re Hectometer emffigured to txajism.ii an electromagnetic: intetrogation signal into the optical fiber component 34 and. receive a reflected signal from: one or more: locations in the optical fiber component 34. An example of a refiectometer unit 38 m Illustrated ill FIG. 1, the refieetometerTtoh 3S is operably connected tø one or more optical fiber components 34 and includes a signal source 40: (e.g,, a pulsed light source, LED, laser, etc,} and a signal detector 42. in one embodiment, a processor 44 is in operable commimcatldn. with the signal source 40 and. the detector 42' and. is configured to contra! the source 40. and receive reflected signal dam ftotn the: detector 42. The reilectometer unit 38 includes, for example,, an OFDR andfor OTDR type interrogator to sample: the ESP assembly 20. and/or tool 18, [0019] Referring to FIG. 2, the optical fiber component 34 includes at least one Optica! fiber 44. The optical fiber component 34 åndfor optical fiber 44 .may be dedicated for use as a monitoring device for a downhole competent, or may be also configured for other uses as, for example, a communication or measurement device. For example, the optical fiber 44 is a. communication fiber or a piressuRytemperatUre sensor, and is utilized additionally as a vibration monitor as described: herein. Iti Pile embodiment, the optical fiber 44 is affixed , to foe motor 22 (or otter component): or dtiierwfeo disposed in a feed position relative to the motor 22 so that vibrations of other motion or defcrøaiion of tile motor 22 is transferred to the optical fiber 44. For example. ;he optical fiber component 34 is adhered to tte motor 22, is disposed In a groove or conduit in file motor tensing, or is attached via brackets or otter mechanisms. In one embodiment, the optical fiber component 3:4 includes a. protective sleeve 46 such as a cable jacket or metal tubs that is configured. to protect ite: fiter 44 fida: downtefe conditions and/or relieve strain on the fiber 44. ¢0020] As shown In FIG. % the optical fiber coiSpofieni 34 is disposed axially along tte motor 22. Tte optical fiber component 34 is not limited to this cpnfiguratisn. For example, the optical fiber component: 34 may be Wrapped around aeompeitem, p,g., shaped into a helix that spirals around a portion of the ESP assembly and/or tool 18.
[0021] The optical fiber 44 includes,one or more reflective sensing locations 48 disposed within the optical fiber 44 (e,g.s in tte fiber core). The, sensing locations 48 include reflectors disposed along a length of the fiber 44 that return a reflected signal in response to an interrogation signal iransrriiiied info tte fiber 44 by, for example, the refiectomeier unit 38. Changes: in the optical fiber 44 result in changes In the reflected signals. For example, vibration or other movement or defbimation induces changes in Ifie efibetive length of the optical fiber 44, Which in turn changes: the reflected signals. For example, vibration and/or dé&rrøafioU of the fiber 44 at selected locations or distributed along a length, of the fiber 44 can be. estimated by estimating phase changes in reflected signals. Examples of sensing locations 48 include reflectors such, as Fabry-Pdrof cavities, nikrørs, partially reflecting mirrors, Bragg gratifigs and afiy Other coiifigurations that induce refldciicms which conid facilitate parameter measurements, [0022] in one etobcdinvcPt the refleetometer Unit .38 is configured to detect signals reflected due to the native or intrinsic scattering pruduced by an uplieal fiber. Examples of suck intriusie scattering include liayleigh, Bfillduin and Raidan scatterlag. Thedteetxogatte.bait 38 is cphfigrøed to correlated, received, reflected signals with. locations along: a. iéfi'gth of the optical fiber 44. For example, the tnieriogator unit /8 is configured to record the times of reflected signals and associate the: arrival time of each reileeicd signal rwth a location or region: disposed along, tte length of tte optical fiber 44. These reflected si goals Pan be Modeled as a. weakly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings,, a®! can be used similarly tø such gratings fo estimate various parameters of the Optical fiber 44 and associated components;·- in this way, desired locations along the fiber 44 can fee selected and do not depend on the location, of prefeistaifed reflectors such as Bragg gratings and fiber end-faces, jfiG23J in 0.1¾¾ embodiment* the mfiectomefer unit 38 is configured as m interferometer. The .réfiéetometer uait 3:8' receives refieeted signs is from a plurality of sensing locations 48, and is: configured tfe compare datb Irons one or more parts- of reflected signals, each of which is generated fey a primary sensing location and a -reference sensing location. In one embodiment, the interferometer is ihmiM IxoM the sensing locations 48' disposed in -the optica! fiber 44, For example,, reflected' signals from a pair of native scattering locations (erg., a first: scattering loe&don. 50 and a second scattering location 52) can fee analyzed to estimate a phase shift between the reflected signals from, the scattering locations 50, 52, and estimate the associated defomiation or movement. Examples of such locations arc shown in IfiCI ..2, but are not limited as stom In one embodiment, sensing locations 48: such, as Rayleigh scattering locations are distributed at least substantially continuously along the fiber 44, and can be selected from, any desired position along the length of the. fiber. Interrogating those locations continuously-of-periodically over time imay be used to generate iimewarying date indicative of vibration of components such as the tool 1-8 or ESE 2Θ, )0024] In one embodiment, a reference optical path is established along toe borehole 1/2 by m additional reference optical fiber disposed within or external to the tool. 1.8 or ESP 20, As a .result the reference optical liber foims a reference path and the optical fiber 44 forms -a mcasmement path, The réliccidtoeter finit 28 receives, the reflected signals from each path and correlates: the locations based ofl: the time in which each signal is received. A phase difference between sensing locations In the measurement path and the reference path having the same position (eg,,, depth) may fee: calculated, and the change indite phase difference over time may then be used to. estimate the vibration (of other motion of deformation) of an, associated, downhole component. In one embodiment, the measuretBCrit .path- and tire reference path: are confi:gured,to føfitta Mbcl>Zøhridef mterferometer.
[()025] FIG. 3 Is an. illustration of s^J data stow® a$: signal wavelength over time, which provides an indication of vibrational dr oscillatory motion. This exemplary data was generated using ad iiHerrogatot that utilizes swepfwavelengfe ifeer&romelry to Interrogate two air-gap refleetdrs, with a gieno-based fiber stretelief in-between the· roSectfrrs, The fiber stetchér was driven by with a 'simple sine -function of modest frequency. The swept-'wave length source of the interrogator was swept over a spectral tango of about 3 am at a sweep rate of apptotoroateiy lOtun/s, while: data was collected with a wavelength synchronous data acquisihdis approach.The resulting data was processed by perforohng m fest Fourier teamfena. (FFT), windowing the peak resulting from reflected signfes from the two reflectors: interfering wife Otie anothen pfeiionnmg an inverse teansfonnyumvTapping fee phase data resulting. lfom: that process, fitting .a line to the unwrapped phase, -arid subtracting a line:. The residual is the sine, wave show® in: FIG. 3 and represents fee tirue-varying signal resulting: from the vibration of the fiber sireteher, [0026] The moifeoriiig. system,. optica! fiber eompottents 34, tools 18, ESP 2ft and motors are net limited to. the emhodiments described herein, and may be disposed wife any suitable canter. A ''carrier" as described, herein means, any device, device component,; combination of devices, media and/or member feat may be used to convey, hopsa, supportor otherwise facilitate file use of another device, device component, comMnatlon of devices, media and/or member. Exemplary røn-IImjtfeg earners ixtofude drill strings Of the coiled tube type·, of fee jointed pipe type and any conibifration dr portion fecicof. Other carrier examples fecliide casing pipes, wirelines, wireline sondes, slicklrac sondes, drop shots, downhole subs, bottom-hole assemblies, andldrill strings.
[0027] FIC5. 4 illustrates ;3 metliod 60 of inonitomig; vibration and/or other parameters of a downhole tool. The method 60 includes one or more: of stages 61-64 described herein. The tnefeod 60 may be perfboned coMmuøusly or ifeerimtiently as desired. The method .may be performed, by one Or more processors: or other devices capable Of receiving and processing measurement data, such as the surface processing :unil 36 and the refléctometer unit 38. In one embodiment fee method includes the execution of all of stages 61-64 in the order described. However, esrtain stages 61-64 may be omitted, stages may be added, m fee order of fee stages changed.
[9G28-] In ti© first stage 61. aeompooent such as the tool 18 and/or tbe/ESP assembly 20 is towered into the borehole 22, hi one embodiment, the ESP motor 22 is started and. production fluid Is pumped through the ESP assembly 20 and through the production string 14 to a surface location.
[002-f] Ih the second. stage -62, at least one interrogation signal is.transmitted into ai least one optical fiber component, e.g,, hie optical fiber 44, operably connected to the downhole component In one embodiment, for example as part of an OTDR method, a plurality of coherent :inierrogation,sigftM pulses are transmitted Into tile fiber 44.
[0030] In the third stage 63, signals reflected from sensing locations 4E in the optica! fiber 44 (e.g., refieefers, Bragg gratings and/or Rayleigh scattering locations) are received.'by the reflectomeief nnit .38 for each interrogation signal and/or poise. The reflected signals are processed to correlate the reflected: signals to .respective sensing locations 48 in the optical fiber 44, in one embodiment, the sensing locations 48 are sections of the optical fiber 44 that intrinsically scatter the interrogation signals and/or pulses. The -Width of each sensing location 48: may be: detemyried by 'the width of the pulse. The refleeted -signals may be: processed to generate a. scatter patteM illustratiug,: for example, amplitude and/or phase of a reflected signal over time or distance along; the optical fiber 44.
[0034] In. one embodiment, the reflected signals fe.g., the scatter pattern) are first nieasured. when. the optical fiber 44 and/or the downhole component is In an unperturbed or reference state. Tbe 'scatter pattern is again measured in a perturbed or altered, state. An example of a reference state is a measurement of reflected signals taken when a component is not in operatfoh, such as measurement prior to operating the ESP assembly 20. An example of an altered state is a measurement of reflected signals taken when: a. component Is ih operation, such as rneasiifement during operating fee ESP assembly 20.
[0032] In the fourth stage 64,. end or more positions (Le,, nieasurenisnt locations) along die optical fiber 44 are selected and a phase difference between reflected signals from two sensing: locations: associated: wife each: selected position is estimated. In one embodiment, tie refiectemefer unit 38 is configured as an: interferom.efer, and the received reflected signals are analyzed by removing common mode paths between a first refleeted signal [e.g., a reflected signal; from the first scattering location SO) and a second reference signal (e.,g.} a reflected signal from, fee second scattering location 5.2) and extracting a. phase differential between the signals. The first and second reflected signals 'may be selected .from, for example, any two sensing Idcatlnns disposed along the length of the Optica! fiber 44:, For example,, the first reflected signal is selected Ifom asemlng foeaiiomdS that Is' located.at or proximate to the seleeied mfeasurenieiv: location, and the second reflected, signal Is. selected from any other sensing location disposed1 in 'fee optical fiber 44 or In an additional optical fiber. In this way,, the location for vibration Bteasureracnts may be dynamically selected and changed as desired. In. one embodiment the refiecionieler .unit. 3S selects one or: more of the measurement: location, pairs 48.
[0033] In one embodlmeng a plurality of oteasurement locations are selected along a length of the optical 'fiber 44, and reflected .slgpal data from sensing locations 48 (Le,, primary sensing locations) at or. near: each selected ineasure.raent location is compared to .reflected signal data from one or more reference sensing locations. The reference sensing, location may be different for each primary sensing location, or a plurality of primary sensing locations may have a common reference location. A ph^e· difference is teen estimated for each primary sensing location: and a dishiboted. phase difference pattern is generated· feat reflects the phase differential: along, the optical fiber 44. M one embodiments the selected measmernent locations are associated with sensing locations distributed at feast substantially ecntiiiuously along the optical fiber 44, and the phase difference pattern reflects at least substantially continuous phase differential mcasineinents. In one emboditneht, a distributed phase difference measurement is generated by dlvidfog the phase difference pattern info bins of sets of phase difference data associated with fiber sections of .arbitrary fepgøi This Is accomplished, for example, by a boot-strapping approach, in which the phase difference date ..in each bin is arrived at by removing the phase difference data fionn. previous (1.0,,, do set to the mtemegsiioB signal source) bins,, [(1(134). Phase difference information (teg.,, phase difference patterns) may be generated for multiple fotermgation signals.: tmusmitted. periodically over a selected time period. In this way. time-varying distributed phase differential measurements ate. generated for one or more nieasareméftt locations. fete tmtewaryteg phase differential patterns may be correlated to a vibration of the .dovvnhofe component (fog., the ESP motor 22).. In addition, selected measmmitent toostiø&s tegjens· of '&.§ optical ©er 44 can be dynamically selected and: «hanged at will e.g,, to focus on iifietent areas .m the tool. 18 and/or the ESP assembly 20.
[1)035] llte phase differential data for each selected position may be generated over a time period. For example. multiple interrogation poises are transmitted: Into the Optical fiber over a selected time period, and phase differentials at selected positions are estitoated for each pulse, to generate a.Bba.se diidereutiaS trace or data set over the time period. This phase differential data set reflects charges in the optica) path between selected measurement ideations, which can be associated with vibration In the region corresponding to the selected measurement locations. In some einbotiimenis* the measured vibration frønr 'earlier' in the fiber 44, he., fiom measurement locations associated with other components in the borehole: !2,: may be subtracted finny vifejfdfiqii measurements associated with. a selected component or region.
[0036] In one embødimpt,. the first reflected signal and the second reference reflected signal for a selected measurement location are -seUvied from measured reflected signals taken from the Optical fiber 44 in an altered slate and m an unperturbed (Le,, Eeiemitte) state, respectively, Tlte phase ittfotmaikm from the reference state is subtracted fl-om the altered state phase information: to estimate the phase differential for each selected position, [0037] In one embodiment, other parameters associated with the: ESP may also he measured. Such parameters inektde, for example, temperature, strain, pressure, etc. For example, the optical fiber 44 may also include Mflitipiial sensing components such, as Bragg .gratings that can be otiliaed to measure temperature as part of a distributed temperature sensing system, [0D3S] The systems and methods described herein provide various advantages over prior art techniques. The systems and. methods provide a mechanism to Measure vibration or other movement or defomiation. in a distributed manner along a component. In; addition, the systems and methods allow for a mote precise measurement of vibration at selected locations, as well as allow a user to dynamical ly change desired measurement locations without the need to reconfigure the monitoring system.
[0039] In support of the teachings: herein, various analyses and/or analytical components may be used, including digital and/or analog systems. The system may have components eiich. as a processor storage media, memory, ingot output, eommimicaiions link (wired, wireless, pulsed mud, optica! nr other), user interfaces* software programs, signal processors (digital or analog) and ether such: components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and oilicnft to provide for operation and analyses of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein in any of several planners well-appreciated in the art. It is considered that these teachings may be, but need not be, implemented in «oigunetioa with a set of computer executable instructions, stored on a; computer readable medium. Including memory (ROMs, RAMsf opficai (CD-ROMs), or magnetic (disks, hard drives), or any other type that when executed causes a: computer to implement the method of the present in'veHtioQv These instmetiotts may provide for equipment operation control, data collection and analysis and other junctions deemed relevant by a system designer, owner, user or other such personnel, in addition to the foncfions described in this disclosure. fOMO] While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be.-understood by those skilled its the art that various diangesmay be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof withpm degSTiing; from the scope of the 'invention. In addition, many modifications will he appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular iusfminent, situation: or material to the teachings of the .invention' without departing ftom: the essentia! scape thereof; Th-etefbre, it is intended: that the »mention not be iimiied ίο fhé-particular embodiment: disclosed as the best, mode contemplated for carrying out this inveoifew but that the invention will include all -embodiments: falling, within the scope of the appended claims.
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DK179413B1 (en) 2018-06-06
GB201310289D0 (en) 2013-07-24
US20120179378A1 (en) 2012-07-12
MY170556A (en) 2019-08-19
CN103299032B (zh) 2018-12-14
AU2011353668A1 (en) 2013-06-20
NO20130810A1 (no) 2013-07-02
BR112013017313B1 (pt) 2020-10-27
AU2011353668B2 (en) 2016-09-29
BR112013017313A2 (pt) 2016-10-04
GB2500139B (en) 2017-03-01
CA2823307C (en) 2016-11-29
WO2012094086A3 (en) 2012-09-27
GB2500139A (en) 2013-09-11
CA2823307A1 (en) 2012-07-12
US9200508B2 (en) 2015-12-01
WO2012094086A2 (en) 2012-07-12
NO345326B1 (no) 2020-12-07
CN103299032A (zh) 2013-09-11

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