DK1960613T3 - Metode til sanering af et fladt og/eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning - Google Patents

Metode til sanering af et fladt og/eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning Download PDF

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Publication number
DK1960613T3
DK1960613T3 DK06829669.8T DK06829669T DK1960613T3 DK 1960613 T3 DK1960613 T3 DK 1960613T3 DK 06829669 T DK06829669 T DK 06829669T DK 1960613 T3 DK1960613 T3 DK 1960613T3
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
roof
thermal insulation
heat insulation
storage zone
hygroscopic
Prior art date
Application number
DK06829669.8T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Gebing
Original Assignee
Rockwool Int
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwool Int filed Critical Rockwool Int
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK1960613T3 publication Critical patent/DK1960613T3/da

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1681Insulating of pre-existing roofs with or without ventilating arrangements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

METHOD FOR RENEWING A FLAT AND/OR SHALLOW-SLOPING ROOF OF A BUILDING
Description
The invention relates to a method for the renovation of a flat and/or a flat sloping roof of a building, wherein the roof comprises a supporting shell and a thermal insulation arranged thereon and especially made of mineral fibre insulation elements, and wherein a roof seal is arranged on the thermal insulation. The invention furthermore relates to a roof structure of a flat and/or flat sloping roof of a building, consisting of a supporting shell and a thermal insulation arranged on the supporting shell and especially made of mineral fibre insulation elements, and a roof seal arranged on the thermal insulation. A large number of flat and/or flat sloping roofs are at an age where renovation is required. These roofs have insulating materials that are subject to an ageing process and that are damaged or destroyed especially by absorbing moisture but also as a result of mechanical stresses when roof surfaces are walked on. The absorption of moisture is caused by untight roof seals, wherein regular walking on the roof surfaces leads to great stressing of the roof seal, which occurs especially in impact areas of adjacent roof sealing sheets and in the transition of the roof surface to the roof structures. In addition, different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used lead to tensile stresses in the roof seal and thus to mechanical stresses in the roof seal.
Moisture, especially rainwater, enters the thermal insulation and significantly reduces the heat-insulating properties of the thermal insulation so that the actual function of the thermal insulation is greatly limited. A drying process is generally not possible without removal of significant parts of the roof, especially of the roof seal. Apart from that, such a removal is labour-intensive and thus cost-intensive. Besides, as a result of the removal, large areas of the thermal insulation will be exposed so that additional precipitation can enter freely. Carrying out such renovation work without running the risk of further damage is therefore only possible during periods of fine weather. Alternatively, a large-area covering of the work area would be required in order to ensure the required dry working conditions and to rule out the aforementioned risks.
In addition, the thermal insulations of older roofs no longer meet modern requirements regarding insulation layer thickness and/or insulating performance so that it is generally necessary to remove the entire thermal insulation and to construct a new thermal insulation that meets the requirements. Naturally, this means a fresh roof design, which is very labour- and cost-intensive. In addition to the significant costs of the new roof structure, the costs for disposing of the removed building materials must also be taken into consideration.
It is furthermore known from the prior art to dispense with removing the old roof and to place a new roof structure on top of the old roof structure, since at least the required insulation layer thicknesses can then be achieved easily and cost-effectively. The problems with moisture in the thermal insulation are however not eliminated thereby so that this approach does not lead to a satisfactory result.
From EP-A-1052343, for example, a method for renovating an insulated roof of a building is known. In this method, the roof has a supporting shell, a thermal insulation arranged thereupon, and an existing roof seal. A second thermal insulation is applied in a full-covering manner onto the thermal insulation, preferably onto the partially opened roof seal, and a roof seal is applied in a full-covering manner onto the second thermal insulation and fastened with screws. This approach also only insufficiently solves the problem of removing the moisture contained in the existing thermal insulation layer.
Proceeding from this prior art, it is therefore the task of the invention to provide a method for the renovation of a flat and/or flat sloping roof, with which method a drastic improvement of the heat-insulating performance and elimination of the moisture contained in the thermal insulation layer is ensured at low cost while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
Another task of the invention is to further develop a roof structure as known from EP 0 894 913 A, for example, such that the renovation of a roof of a building can be carried out easily and economically without complete removal of the thermal insulation and that in particular covering tasks can be avoided during the renovation.
The solution of the task in a method according to the invention provides that the roof seal be at least partially opened and/or at least partially removed, that a second thermal insulation be applied in a full-covering manner onto the thermal insulation, preferably onto the partially opened roof seal, that a roof seal be applied in a full-covering manner onto the second thermal insulation, and that a hygroscopic storage layer be arranged between the thermal insulation and the second thermal insulation.
In order to achieve the task, the roof structure according to the invention provides for the thermal insulation to consist of at least two layers, wherein a hygroscopic storage layer is arranged between the layers, wherein the hygroscopic storage layer is arranged on a partially opened, additional roof seal.
Additional features of the invention result from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred and advantageous developments of the method according to the invention and of the roof structure according to the invention.
In order to remove moisture from the original thermal insulation, the invention provides for a hygroscopic storage layer arranged between the thermal insulation and the second thermal insulation. This hygroscopic storage layer extracts the moisture from the first thermal insulation and prevents the moisture from diffusing into the applied second thermal insulation.
The hygroscopic storage layer is preferably formed from mat-shaped and/or panel-shaped sheets so that the storage layer can be easily applied during the renovation with fast progress in the renovation. In this way, larger areas of the roof can be processed without the risk of further moisture damage to the thermal insulation. Large-area coverings of the work area can be dispensed with.
It has furthermore proven to be advantageous to form the hygroscopic storage layer from at least one gel strip.
Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided according to another feature of the invention that the hygroscopic storage layer be formed from at least one thin insulation layer comprising a storage medium for moisture, especially a granulate. In this case, the granulate absorbs the moisture, while the thin insulation layer continues to contribute to improving the insulating capacity.
Another feature of the invention provides that the hygroscopic storage layer be designed so as to act as a barrier to vapour so that a transfer of the moisture into the second thermal insulation is essentially prevented. The area blocking vapour is therefore arranged between the storage layer and the second thermal insulation in the form of a sheet designed as a vapour barrier, for example.
In order to be able to carry out the renovation in the shortest possible time, another feature of the invention provides that the hygroscopic storage layer be integrated into the second thermal insulation. As a result of this design, the storage layer and the second thermal insulation are applied simultaneously onto the roof area to be renovated. The different materials moreover allow for a predetermined installation orientation of the correspondingly designed thermal insulation elements so that installation errors are avoided or can at least be recognised quickly.
Another feature of the invention provides that the thermal insulation and/or the second thermal insulation be formed from mineral fibre insulation elements and/or rigid-foam insulation elements, especially from expanded or extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, phenolic resin foam, or polyisocyanurate foam. Four different combinations of the roof structure thus result with respect to the arrangement of the different or identical materials of the thermal insulation and the second thermal insulation. It is possible to form both the thermal insulation and the second thermal insulation from insulation elements of the same material, such as rigid foam or mineral fibres, and to provide combinations of the insulation elements from the two materials so that the insulation elements of the thermal insulation are formed from rigid foam or mineral fibres and the insulation elements of the second thermal insulation are formed from mineral fibres or rigid foam.
In the design of the roof structure according to the invention, it has been proven to be advantageous in the course of a fast performability of the work that the hygroscopic storage layer be formed from mat-shaped and/or panel-shaped sheets. Such lengths of sheeting can generally be handled by one person so that the number of building workers required for the renovation of a roof surface is limited. Moreover, heavy weights do not need to be handled so that health burdens on the building workers working on the renovation are also reduced to a low level. The use of machines can also be kept at a very limited level.
Another feature of the roof structure according to the invention provides that the hygroscopic storage layer be formed from at least one gel strip.
The hygroscopic storage layer is preferably formed from at least one thin insulation layer comprising a storage medium for moisture, especially a granulate.
In order to prevent the diffusion of moisture through the thermal insulation, it is provided that the hygroscopic storage layer be designed so as to block vapour.
The hygroscopic storage layer is preferably connected to a layer of the thermal insulation so that the installation of the individual thermal insulation elements forming the thermal insulation is equivalent to the installation of the storage layer. The storage layer is therefore directly covered by the thermal insulation during installation so that its storage capacity is not already reduced during an open installation by precipitation and/or high humidity and thus is only insufficiently available to the renovation process, namely the removal of moisture from the first, original thermal insulation.
It is provided according to the invention that the hygroscopic storage layer be arranged on a partially opened roof seal, wherein the storage layer is preferably connected, in particular glued, to the roof seal. The partially opened roof seal allows for a diffusion of the moisture from the first, original thermal insulation through the openings in the roof seal, while the remaining, non-opened areas of the roof seal offer a certain degree of protection against moisture newly penetrating into the first thermal insulation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention are described below in reference to the drawing, in which preferred embodiments of the roof structure according to the invention are shown. In the drawing are shown:
Figure 1 a first embodiment of a roof structure in a cross-section;
Figure 2 a second embodiment of a roof structure in a cross-section; and
Figure 3 a roof structure according to the prior art in need of renovation in a cross-section.
Figure 3 shows a roof structure of a flat roof. The flat roof consists of a supporting shell 1 in the form of a concrete ceiling. On the supporting shell 1, a vapour barrier 2 is arranged, which consists, for example, of a polythene sheet and covers the surface 3 of the supporting shell 1 completely. The vapour barrier 2 generally consists of individual lengths of sheeting, which are arranged next to each other, wherein adjacent sheets of the vapour barrier 2 are arranged so as to overlap each other.
On the vapour barrier 2 is arranged a thermal insulation 4, which consists of individual mineral fibre insulation elements, wherein this thermal insulation 4 exhibits moisture accumulations 5 so that the heat-insulating performance of the thermal insulation 4 is significantly impaired thereby.
Above the thermal insulation 4, a roof seal 6 is arranged last, which consists of, for example, lengths of bitumen sheeting, which are arranged directly on top of the thermal insulation 4, possibly connected to the thermal insulation 4, wherein the individual bitumen sheets are arranged next to each other and connected to each other in overlapping regions extending in the longitudinal direction.
In the course of years of use, the roof seal 6 loses its sealing function as a result of mechanical stresses so that moisture can enter into the thermal insulation 4 especially through the overlapping regions of adjacent sheets of the roof seal 6 and can accumulate in the moisture accumulations 5.
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a roof structure after renovation of the roof structure according to Figure 3.
The roof seal 6 is opened in sub-areas so that in these sub-areas are provided openings 7, through which the moisture accumulated in the moisture accumulations 5 can diffuse through the roof seal 6. On the roof seal 6 is arranged a second thermal insulation 8, which has a greater material thickness than the first thermal insulation 4 and which absorbs the moisture rising from the first thermal insulation 4 above the roof seal 6 as indicated by arrows 9. The greater material thickness of the thermal insulation 8 keeps the relative moisture content in the thermal insulation 8 relatively low in comparison to the relative moisture content in the thinner thermal insulation 4 so that the thermal insulation 4 regains almost its full heat-insulating performance after the moisture has been completely extracted, while the moisture accumulating in the moisture accumulations 5 of the second thermal insulation 8 limits the heat-insulating performance of the second thermal insulation 8 to a comparatively low extent.
The second thermal insulation 8, which also consists of individual mineral fibre insulation elements, comprises on its upper side a second roof seal 10, which consists of lengths of bitumen sheeting arranged next to each other in a manner corresponding to the opened roof seal 6.
The renovation of the roof structure shown in Figure 3 takes place according to Figure 1 by the roof seal 6 being opened in a first step in sub-areas so that openings 7 are formed, through which the moisture contained in the moisture accumulations 5 can diffuse. Before the opened roof seal 6 is covered by the second thermal insulation 8, a significant portion of the moisture contained in the first thermal insulation 4 can be extracted therefrom. Ideally, a moisture content that corresponds to the moisture in the ambient air is achieved in this case in the first thermal insulation 4. The second thermal insulation 8 is subsequently applied onto the opened roof seal 6 in the form of mineral fibre insulation boards and/or mineral fibre insulation sheeting, which completely cover the roof seal 6.
Since the second thermal insulation 8 generally consists of new insulating material elements, which have only a low moisture content, the second thermal insulation 8 extracts from the first thermal insulation 4 more moisture, which accumulates in new moisture accumulations 5 in the thermal insulation 8 so that an improved heat-insulating performance overall with an evened-out moisture content arises in the thermal insulation layer consisting of the two thermal insulations 4 and 8.
Figure 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a roof structure, which is improved with respect to the distribution of the moisture in the roof structure.
The roof structure according to Figure 2 essentially corresponds to the roof structure according to Figure 1 so that the vapour barrier 2 is arranged on the supporting shell 1 and the original thermal insulation 4 as well as the roof seal 6 arranged thereon is arranged on the vapour barrier 2. Above the roof seal 6, the roof structure according to Figure 2 moreover comprises a second thermal insulation 8 as well as the second roof seal 10 arranged thereon.
Between the roof seal 6 and the second thermal insulation 8 is arranged a hygroscopic storage layer 11, which absorbs and stores the moisture diffusing from the moisture accumulations 5 of the thermal insulation 4 through the openings 7 in the direction of the arrows 9 and thus in the direction of the thermal insulation 8. This design thus has the advantage that the moisture is not accumulated in the second thermal insulation 8 so that the two thermal insulations 4 and 8 achieve the highest possible heat-insulating performance, which is not negatively affected by moisture accumulations 5.
The hygroscopic storage layer 11 consists of a thin insulation layer (not shown in more detail) comprising a storage medium for moisture, which takes the form of a granulate. The storage layer 11 is furthermore connected via a vapour barrier layer to the thermal insulation 8 so that the moisture absorbed by the storage layer 11 cannot be transferred into the thermal insulation 8 even when the storage layer 11 is highly saturated.
In the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 2, it is not necessarily required that the roof seal 6 be opened to form the openings 7. There is also the possibility not claimed that the roof seal 6 be completely removed prior to applying the storage layer 11, wherein a layer that evens out unevennesses in the thermal insulation 4 may then however need to be applied. The renovation of a roof structure according to Figure 3 to create a roof structure according to Figure 2 is carried out in accordance with the renovation described above of the roof structure according to Figure 3 to create a roof structure according to Figure 1, wherein the application of the storage layer 11 is however additionally provided. In order to limit the work of building workers in this area to a low level, it has proven to be advantageous to apply the storage layer 11 directly onto the already existing thermal insulation 4 together with the individual mineral fibre insulation elements of the thermal insulation 8. The thermal insulation 8 is subsequently covered by the roof seal 10.

Claims (15)

1. Metode til sanering af et fladt og/eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning, hvor taget har en bærende skal og varmeisolering ovenpå, især bestående af isoleringselementer af mineralfibre, og hvor der på varmeisoleringen er placeret en tagtætning nr. 1, kendetegnet ved, at tagtætningen (6) som minimum delvist åbnes og/eller som minimum delvist fjernes, at der på varmeisoleringen (4) fortrinsvis på den delvist åbne tagtætning (6) placeres en varmeisolering nr. 2 (8) på hele fladen, at der på varmeisolering nr. 2 (8) placeres en tagtætning nr. 2 (10) på hele fladen og at der imellem varmeisoleringen (4) og varmeisolering nr. 2 (8) placeres en hygroskopisk lagringszone (11).
2. Metode ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) udformes af måtte- og/eller pladeformede baner.
3. Metode ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) som minimum udformes af en gelebane.
4. Metode ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) som minimum udformes af et tyndt isoleringslag med et lagringsmedium til fugt, navnlig et granulat.
5. Metode ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) udformes som dampspærre.
6. Metode ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) integreres i varmeisolering nr. 2 (8).
7. Metode ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at varmeisoleringen (4) og/eller varmeisolering nr. 2 (8) udformes af isoleringselementer bestående af mineralfibre og/eller af isoleringselementer af hårdt skum, navnlig af ekspanderet eller ekstruderet polystyren, polyuretan, phenol harpiksskum eller polyisocyanuratskum.
8. Tagopbygning af et fladt eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning bestående af en bærende skal (1) og en varmeisolering placeret på den bærende skal (1), navnlig bestående af isoleringselementer af mineralfibre samt af en tagtætning nr. 2 (10) placeret på varmeisoleringen, hvor varmeisoleringen som minimum består af to lag (4, 8), kendetegnet ved, at der imellem lagene (4, 8) er placeret en hygroskopisk lagringszone (11), hvor den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) er placeret på en delvist åben tagtætning nr. 1 (6).
9. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) er udformet af måtte- og/eller pladeformede baner.
10. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) som minimum er udformet af en gelebane.
11. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) som minimum er udformet af et tyndt isoleringslag med et lagringsmedium til fugt, navnlig et granulat.
12. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) er udformet som dampspærre.
13. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) er forbundet med et lag (8) af varmeisoleringen.
14. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at den hygroskopiske lagringszone (11) fortrinsvis er forbundet med tagtætningen (6), navnlig sammenklæbet.
15. Tagopbygning ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at varmeisoleringen (4) og/eller varmeisolering nr. 2 (8) er udformet af isoleringselementer bestående af mineralfibre og/eller af isoleringselementer af hårdt skum, navnlig af ekspanderet eller ekstruderet polystyren, polyuretan, phenolharpiksskum eller polyisocyanuratskum.
DK06829669.8T 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Metode til sanering af et fladt og/eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning DK1960613T3 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005060260A DE102005060260B4 (de) 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Verfahren zur Sanierung eines flachen und/oder flach geneigten Daches eines Gebäudes
PCT/EP2006/012139 WO2007073896A1 (de) 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Verfahren zur sanierung eines flachen und/oder flach geneigten daches eines gebäudes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK1960613T3 true DK1960613T3 (da) 2018-06-06

Family

ID=37814494

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK06829669.8T DK1960613T3 (da) 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Metode til sanering af et fladt og/eller fladt skrånende tag på en bygning

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1960613B1 (da)
DE (1) DE102005060260B4 (da)
DK (1) DK1960613T3 (da)
EA (1) EA012832B1 (da)
HU (1) HUE038101T2 (da)
PL (1) PL1960613T3 (da)
UA (1) UA87636C2 (da)
WO (1) WO2007073896A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112459521B (zh) * 2020-11-16 2022-02-15 中国矿业大学 一种既有建筑增设楼顶停车场或健身场的结构及实施方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884009A (en) * 1973-10-26 1975-05-20 Grace W R & Co Method of ventilating a roof system
NO153893C (no) * 1983-02-14 1986-06-11 Rasmussen Oeystein Fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av selvtettende og/eller ikke dryppende takkonstruksjon.
DE19732769A1 (de) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-18 Gerthold Proeckl Verfahren zur Sanierung einer Asbestzement-Dacheindeckung
EP1052343A1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-15 Ecotherm Beheer B.V. Method for renovation of insulated roofs and renovation plate for renovation of insulated roofs.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
UA87636C2 (uk) 2009-07-27
EP1960613A1 (de) 2008-08-27
PL1960613T3 (pl) 2018-08-31
EA200801519A1 (ru) 2008-10-30
EP1960613B1 (de) 2018-02-28
DE102005060260B4 (de) 2010-04-08
DE102005060260A1 (de) 2007-06-28
EA012832B1 (ru) 2009-12-30
WO2007073896A1 (de) 2007-07-05
HUE038101T2 (hu) 2018-10-29

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