DK178024B1 - Process for making a permeable concrete tile, concrete tile, and using the concrete tile - Google Patents
Process for making a permeable concrete tile, concrete tile, and using the concrete tile Download PDFInfo
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- DK178024B1 DK178024B1 DK201300014A DKPA201300014A DK178024B1 DK 178024 B1 DK178024 B1 DK 178024B1 DK 201300014 A DK201300014 A DK 201300014A DK PA201300014 A DKPA201300014 A DK PA201300014A DK 178024 B1 DK178024 B1 DK 178024B1
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Abstract
Ved en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en betonflise, der består af en cementmasse, som indeholder afrundede søsten, granit, hurtighærdende, højstyrke cement. Flyveaske, bakkesand, plastificeringsmiddel, vand og eventuelt silica tilføres cementmassen en støbemaskine, som har en underform med en ruminddeling, der svarer til den fremstillede betonflises ydre geometriske form, tilvejebringes cementmassen en lodretgående vibration, hvorefter cementmassen stilles til tørring. På denne måde bliver der fremstillet betonfliser, som er særligt egnede til at opsuge vand under bevarelse af en tilstrækkelig mekanisk styrke. Udover fremgangsmåden anviser opfindelsen en betonflise opnået ved fremgangsmåden, samt en anvendelse af betonflisen.In a process for the manufacture of a concrete tile consisting of a cement mass containing rounded bricks, granite, fast-curing, high-strength cement. Fly ash, ground sand, plasticizer, water and, optionally, silica, the cement mass is applied to a casting machine having a subform with a space division corresponding to the outer geometric shape of the concrete concrete produced, the cement mass is provided a vertical vibration, after which the cement mass is allowed to dry. In this way, concrete tiles are produced which are particularly suitable for absorbing water while maintaining a sufficient mechanical strength. In addition to the method, the invention discloses a concrete tile obtained by the method as well as a use of the concrete tile.
Description
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en permeabel betonflise, hvor en cementmasse i en støbemaskine tilvejebringes af et antal indledende procestrin, der afsluttes med en vibration af cementmassen, og efterfølgende efterbehandles i et antal yderligere procestrin.The invention relates to a process for producing a permeable concrete tile wherein a cement mass in a molding machine is provided by a number of initial process steps which are terminated by a vibration of the cement mass and subsequently processed in a number of additional process steps.
Ved anlæg af vejbelægninger, såsom kørebaner, fortove og lign. er det ønskeligt at vejbelægningen udover at have tilstrækkelige mekaniske styrkeegenskaber, kan fjerne også store mængder vand fra vejbelægningens overflade.In the construction of pavements, such as lanes, sidewalks and the like. it is desirable that the road surface, in addition to having sufficient mechanical strength properties, can also remove large amounts of water from the surface of the road surface.
Ved de ikke permeable fortovs- og vejbelægninger fjernes vand ved at vandet løber ned mellem fliserne, hvor der i mellemrummene mellem fliserne er grusmateriale, som ikke må stoppe til.In the non-permeable pavement and road surfaces, water is removed by the water running down between the tiles, where in the spaces between the tiles there is gravel material which must not stop.
Det er almindelig kendt, at man kan fremstille beton ud fra cement, sand, sten og vand, og at man fjerner størstedelen af luften, der udvikles under hærdning af cementmassen med vibratorer for at styrke den færdige betons egenskaber. Det er imidlertid ikke beskrevet, hvorledes der opnås en permeabel betonflise.It is well known that concrete can be made from cement, sand, stone and water, and that most of the air developed during curing of the cement mass with vibrators is removed to enhance the properties of the finished concrete. However, it is not described how a permeable concrete tile is obtained.
Fra EP 0 318 708 A2 kendes en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af betonfliser på en simpel og hurtig måde. Der er intet i publikationen nævnt om, at der er tale om en betonflise, som er specielt udformet til at være vandgen nem trængelig.EP 0 318 708 A2 discloses a method for making concrete tiles in a simple and fast way. There is no mention in the publication that this is a concrete tile, which is specially designed to be easily waterproof.
Fra DE 4033100 kendes en betonflise, hvor vand kan trænge ind i flisen og fordampes.From DE 4033100 a concrete tile is known, where water can enter the tile and evaporate.
Fra DE 3630825 kendes et andet eksempel på en betonflise, der er gennemtrængelig for vand.From DE 3630825 another example of a water-permeable concrete tile is known.
Ingen af de ovennævnte publikationer omtaler, hvorledes de således kendte fliser fremstilles.None of the above publications mention how the tiles thus known are made.
Det er nu et formål med opfindelsen at anvise en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en betonflise af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne, der udover at gøre en betonflise permeabel for vand, gør at flisen har en tilstrækkelig styrke til f. eks at optage belastninger fra lastbilers tryk.It is now an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a concrete tile of the one set forth in the preamble of claim 1 which, in addition to making a concrete tile permeable to water, provides the tile with sufficient strength to absorb stress from, for example. truck pressure.
Opfindelsens formål tilgodeses ved en fremgangsmåde af den i indledningen til krav 1 angivne type, der er karakteristisk ved, at cementmassen indeholder afrundede søsten og at vibrationen udføres med vibrationer i én retning.The object of the invention is met by a method of the type stated in the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the cement mass contains rounded sister and that the vibration is carried out with vibrations in one direction.
Herved opnås, at der ved vibration i én retning sker en retningsbestemt uddrivelse og dermed selektiv retningsbestemt tilbageholdelse af luft inde i betonflisen, således at der bliver tilvejebragt permeationskanaler for vand i betonflisen i fortrinsvis én retning.Hereby, in one direction vibration is achieved, directional expulsion and thus selective directional retention of air within the concrete tile takes place, so that water permeation channels in the concrete tile are preferably provided in one direction.
Hvis vibrationen var foregået i alle retninger, ville mere luft blive presset ud af betonstenen med risiko for, at den ville falde sammen grundet et ret stort indhold af vand.If the vibration had taken place in all directions, more air would be squeezed out of the concrete stone with the risk that it would collapse due to a rather high content of water.
Der bliver således tilvejebragt en betonflise, der er omkostningsvenlig at producere, der er effektiv vandgennemtrængelig, har stort porevolumen og med tilstrækkelige styrkeegenskaber.Thus, a concrete tile is provided which is cost-friendly to produce, which is efficiently water-permeable, has a large pore volume and has sufficient strength properties.
Hensigtsmæssigt som angivet i krav 2, tilvejebringes en lodretgående vibration, hvorved der opnås den fordel, at cementmassen får en homogen struktur med samme egenskaber overalt i betonflisen.Conveniently as claimed in claim 2, a vertical vibration is provided, thereby obtaining the advantage of giving the cement mass a homogeneous structure with the same properties throughout the concrete tile.
En interessant udøvelse af fremgangsmåden, er som angivet i krav 3, at de indledende procestrin omfatter følgende trin: a) Cementmassen føres fra en skuffe, der efter en fremadgående bevægelse af skuffen, hældes ned i en ruminddelt underform under hvilken der er anbragt en plade b) Skuffen bevæges tilbage hen over underformen c) En overform sænkes ned over og lidt ned i underformen, så cementmassen indesluttes og som angivet i krav 4, at de yderligere procestrin omfatter følgende trin: d) Underformen løftes fra overformen som fastholdes, på et tidspunkt, hvor blandingen er tilstrækkelig stiv til at være selvbærende, e) Cementmassen frigøres fra underformen f) Pladen med de i støbemaskinen processerede fliser sættes til tørring/hærdning i et fugtkontrolleret miljø.An interesting practice of the method, as claimed in claim 3, is that the initial process steps comprise the following steps: a) The cement mass is led from a drawer which, after a forward movement of the drawer, is poured into a space-divided subform under which a plate is placed b) The drawer is moved back over the sub-mold c) A sub-mold is lowered over and slightly down into the sub-mold so that the cement mass is enclosed and as stated in claim 4, the further process steps comprise the following steps: d) The sub-mold is lifted from the over-mold which is retained e) The cement mass is released from the sub-mold f) The plate with the tiles processed in the molding machine is set for drying / curing in a moisture controlled environment.
Endeligt er det fordelagtigt, som angivet i krav 5, at under- og overformen samt pladen er udført i et ikke vandpermeabelt materiale, hvilket sikrer at flisens sammensætning forbliver helt igennem homogen.Finally, as stated in claim 5, it is advantageous that the lower and upper mold as well as the plate are made of a non-water-permeable material, which ensures that the composition of the tile remains completely homogeneous.
Som nævnt angår opfindelsen også en betonflise, som angivet i krav 6.As mentioned, the invention also relates to a concrete tile as claimed in claim 6.
Denne betonflise er, som angivet i krav 7 karakteristik ved, at have permeationskanaler, hovedsagligt i lodret retning, og ved at være sammensat af mindst følgende bestanddele: a) Søsten b) Granit c) Hurtighærdende højstyrke cement d) Flyveaske e) Bakkesand f) vand og som angivet i krav 8 ved, at der yderligere er tilsat et plastificeringsmiddel.This concrete tile, as claimed in claim 7, is characterized by having permeation ducts, mainly in the vertical direction, and by being composed of at least the following components: a) The sea b) Granite c) High hardening cement d) Fly ash e) Baking sand f) water and as claimed in claim 8, further adding a plasticizer.
En særlig hensigtsmæssig sammensætning af betonflisen ifølge opfindelsen, er som angivet krav 9, at - Søstenene, størrelse 8/16, er uden kalksten, afrundede og indeholder ingen skarpe kanter 10 % knust granit i størrelsen 11/16 - 300 kg hurtighærdende højstyrke cement pr 1000 kg tilslag - 9 % flyveaskeA particularly suitable composition of the concrete tile according to the invention, as stated in claim 9, is that - The seams, size 8/16, are without limestone, rounded and contain no sharp edges 10% crushed granite in the size 11/16 - 300 kg of fast curing high strength cement per 1000 kg aggregate - 9% fly ash
Bakkesandet har kornstørrelsen 02 eventuelt 5 % - Silica 1 %.The baking sand has the grain size 02 possibly 5% - Silica 1%.
Procentmængderne er volumenprocenter medmindre andet er angivet. Størrelsen 8/16 angiver søsten med en diameter på 6 til 18 mm.The percentages are volume percentages unless otherwise stated. The size 8/16 indicates the sister with a diameter of 6 to 18 mm.
Det hurtighærdende højstyrke cement er fremstillet ved formaling af cementklinker med tilsætning af op til 5 % kalkfiller.The fast-curing high-strength cement is made by grinding cement clinker with the addition of up to 5% lime filler.
Kornstørrelsen 02 betyder, at sandkornene har en diameter på op til 2 mm.The grain size 02 means that the sand grains have a diameter of up to 2 mm.
Som nævnt angår opfindelsen også en anvendelse af en betonflise, der er fremstillet ved fremgangsmåden ifølge kravene 1 - 5.As mentioned, the invention also relates to the use of a concrete tile made by the method according to claims 1 to 5.
Denne anvendelse er nærmere angivet i krav 10.This use is further specified in claim 10.
Opfindelsen skal herefter nærmere forklares under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser en betonflise i en 1. geometrisk udførelsesform.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows a concrete tile in a 1st geometric embodiment.
Fig. 2 viser opbygningen af en støbemaskine til fremstilling af betonfliser ifølge opfindelsen,FIG. 2 shows the construction of a casting machine for the manufacture of concrete tiles according to the invention,
Fig. 3 viser en ruminddelt underform, der anvendes i støbemaskinen på fig. 2, medensFIG. 3 shows a space sub-mold used in the molding machine of FIG. 2, while
Fig. 4 viser betonfliser ifølge opfindelsen efter at de har været fremstillet i støbemaskinen på fig. 2.FIG. 4 shows concrete tiles according to the invention after they have been manufactured in the casting machine of FIG. 2nd
På fig. 1 er med 1 betegnet en betonflise ifølge opfindelsen.In FIG. 1 is denoted by 1 a concrete tile according to the invention.
Dens ydre geometriske form kan være udformet anderledes.Its outer geometric shape may be designed differently.
Ligeledes kan højden af betonflisen tilpasses alt efter den anvendelse, den skal bruges til, som eksempel kan være et fortov eller en vejbelægning, der skal kunne optage tunge lastbiler med sættevogne osv.Likewise, the height of the concrete tile can be adjusted according to the application it is used for, for example, a sidewalk or pavement that can accommodate heavy trucks with semi-trailers, etc.
Som det ses på fig. 1 er strukturen i betonstenen udformet med små afrundede søsten, hvoraf en er betegnet 2. Mellem de afrundede søsten er der tilvejebragt permeationskanaler gennem flisen, hvor et eksempel på en indgang til en permeationskanal er vist ved 2A.As seen in FIG. 1, the structure of the concrete stone is formed with small rounded sister, one of which is designated 2. Between the rounded sister, permeation channels are provided through the tile, an example of an entrance to a permeation channel is shown at 2A.
Betonflisen er sammensat af en cementmasse, der indeholder følgende bestanddele: afrundede søsten, granit, hurtighærdende højstyrke cement, flyveaske, bakkesand, plastificeringsmiddel, vand og eventuelt silica i følgende forhold: søsten 10 % granit 300 gram cement pr 1000 kg tilslag 9 % af cementvolumen er flyveaske, og hvor bakkesandet har kornstørrelsen 02 eventuelt 5 % samt Silicia 1 %.The concrete tile is composed of a cement mass containing the following constituents: rounded bricks, granite, fast-curing high-strength cement, fly ash, ground sand, plasticizer, water and possibly silica in the following ratios: the bristles 10% granite 300 grams of cement per 1000 kg aggregate 9% of cement volume is fly ash and where the ground sand has the grain size 02 possibly 5% and Silicia 1%.
Idet der nu skal henvises til de følgende figurer, skal det forklares hvorledes en støbemaskines grundkomponenter er opbygget til fremstilling af betonfliser ifølge opfindelsen.Referring now to the following figures, it will be explained how the foundational components of a molding machine are constructed for the manufacture of concrete tiles according to the invention.
På figurerne er med 3 henholdsvis 4 betegnet et første vibrationselement 3, og et andet bevægeligt vibrationselement 4, som er indrettet til at tilvejebringe en lodretgående vibration af en samlet form, der består af en overform 5, og af en bevægelig underform 6, der er ruminddelt (se også fig. 3).In the figures, a first vibration element 3 and a second movable vibration element 4 are arranged, respectively, which are arranged to provide a vertical vibration of an overall shape consisting of a superform 5 and of a movable subform 6 which is compartmentalized (see also Fig. 3).
Rum inddelingen er her vist med firkantede rum, men andre geometriske former er også mulige, f. eks, som vist på fig. 1.The space division is shown here with square spaces, but other geometric shapes are also possible, for example, as shown in FIG. First
Under underformen 6 (se fig. 3) er der anordnet en plade 8, som er udformet i et ikke vandabsorberende materiale.Under the sub-mold 6 (see Fig. 3) there is arranged a plate 8 which is formed in a non-water absorbent material.
Denne plade kan forskydes ind og ud af støbemaskinen.This plate can be moved in and out of the molding machine.
Yderligere ses på fig. 2 en børste 7, som er beregnet til at vaske overfladen af de i støbemaskinen fremstillede betonsten, således at søstenenes egen farve træder frem.Further seen in FIG. 2 shows a brush 7 which is intended to wash the surface of the concrete made in the casting machine, so that the colors of the sisters themselves appear.
Endeligt henledes opmærksomheden på at fyldning af cementmasse i underformen sker ved hjælp af en ikke vist betonskuffe, der er bevægeligt placeret inde i støbemaskinen mellem underformen 6 og overformen 5.Finally, attention is drawn to the fact that cement mass is filled into the sub-mold by means of a concrete drawer not shown, which is movably located inside the molding machine between the sub-mold 6 and the top-mold 5.
Det skal herefter forklares, hvorledes støbemaskinen fungerer ved fremstilling af betonflise ifølge opfindelsen.It will then be explained how the casting machine works in the manufacture of concrete tiles according to the invention.
Pladen 8 føres ind under underformen 6, som efterfølgende af skuffen fyldes med cementmasse, idet skuffen først føres frem mod og over underformen 6, og efterfølgende, når underformen er fyldt trækkes tilbage, hvor den samtidigt skraber så overskydende cement er væk. Overformen sænkes ned over underformen og så langt ned i denne, at cementmassen netop indesluttes.The plate 8 is inserted under the sub-mold 6, which is subsequently filled with cement pulp by the drawer, the drawer first being advanced towards and above the sub-mold 6, and subsequently, when the sub-mold is filled, it is retracted where it simultaneously scrapes away any excess cement. The upper mold is lowered over the lower mold and so far into it that the cement mass is just enclosed.
Herefter igangsættes vibrationen i lodret retning.The vibration is then started in the vertical direction.
Når vibrationerne er tilendebragt løftes underformen, hvorved de fremstillede betonfliser frigøres fra underformen og efterlades på pladen 8, som derefter føres ud af støbemaskinen og bringes til tørring.When the vibrations are completed, the sub-mold is lifted, thereby releasing the manufactured concrete tiles from the sub-mold and left on the plate 8, which is then removed from the molding machine and brought to drying.
Det skal bemærkes at der ved den lodrette vibration sker en tilbageholdelse af luft inde betonflisen, således at der bliver tilvejebragt permeationskanaler for vand i betonflisen.It should be noted that during vertical vibration, air is retained inside the concrete tile so that permeation channels for water are provided in the concrete tile.
På fig. 4 ses et antal betonfliser 9 på pladerne 8, efter at de har forladt støbemaskinen, og overført til et tørrelager.In FIG. 4, a number of concrete tiles 9 are seen on the plates 8 after leaving the molding machine and transferred to a drying layer.
De parametre, der anvendes ved vibrationsprocessen er afhængigt af den mængde vand der er i cementmassen, og må derfor tilpasse den givne applikation.The parameters used in the vibration process depend on the amount of water in the cement mass and must therefore adapt to the given application.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK201300014A DK178024B1 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-01-10 | Process for making a permeable concrete tile, concrete tile, and using the concrete tile |
| PCT/DK2013/000076 WO2014075677A1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-08 | Method for manufacturing a pervious concrete slab, a concrete slab, and use of the concrete slab |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK201300014 | 2013-01-10 | ||
| DK201300014A DK178024B1 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-01-10 | Process for making a permeable concrete tile, concrete tile, and using the concrete tile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK201300014A DK201300014A (en) | 2014-07-11 |
| DK178024B1 true DK178024B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK201300014A DK178024B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-01-10 | Process for making a permeable concrete tile, concrete tile, and using the concrete tile |
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| DK (1) | DK178024B1 (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1604661A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1981-12-16 | Californian Screen Blocks Ltd | Method and apparatus for making blocks |
| US4332540A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1982-06-01 | Societe D'exploitation Des Etablissements Minato | Press for moulding concrete products |
| EP0318708A2 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-06-07 | MICRON-WELDING S.r.L. | Process and machine for producing blocks of pressed vibrated concrete |
| EP0382653A1 (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-16 | Euromat S.A. | Vibrating press for moulding concrete products |
| DE19622001A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-04 | Munderkingen Betonwerke | System for manufacturing concrete blocks |
| WO2006081480A2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Columbia Machine, Inc. | Large pallet machine for forming molded products |
| US20070216058A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Ecologica Carmelo Inc. | Paving block and molding process therefor |
| US20080174041A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Douglas Keller Firedman | Concrete block making machine and method |
-
2013
- 2013-01-10 DK DK201300014A patent/DK178024B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1604661A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1981-12-16 | Californian Screen Blocks Ltd | Method and apparatus for making blocks |
| US4332540A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1982-06-01 | Societe D'exploitation Des Etablissements Minato | Press for moulding concrete products |
| EP0318708A2 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-06-07 | MICRON-WELDING S.r.L. | Process and machine for producing blocks of pressed vibrated concrete |
| EP0382653A1 (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-16 | Euromat S.A. | Vibrating press for moulding concrete products |
| DE19622001A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-04 | Munderkingen Betonwerke | System for manufacturing concrete blocks |
| WO2006081480A2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Columbia Machine, Inc. | Large pallet machine for forming molded products |
| US20070216058A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Ecologica Carmelo Inc. | Paving block and molding process therefor |
| US20080174041A1 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Douglas Keller Firedman | Concrete block making machine and method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK201300014A (en) | 2014-07-11 |
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Effective date: 20160131 |