DK173801B1 - Wind turbine and method of operation of power plant's electric generator - Google Patents

Wind turbine and method of operation of power plant's electric generator Download PDF

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Publication number
DK173801B1
DK173801B1 DK199201040A DK104092A DK173801B1 DK 173801 B1 DK173801 B1 DK 173801B1 DK 199201040 A DK199201040 A DK 199201040A DK 104092 A DK104092 A DK 104092A DK 173801 B1 DK173801 B1 DK 173801B1
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
tooth
main shaft
wind turbine
sleeve
wind
Prior art date
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DK199201040A
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Danish (da)
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DK104092D0 (en
DK104092A (en
Inventor
Voitto Villgren
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Valmet Oy
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/18—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth
    • F16D3/185—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth radial teeth connecting concentric inner and outer coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

i DK 173801 B1in DK 173801 B1

Opfindelsen angår et vindkraftværk og en fremgangsmåde ved drift af vindkraftværkets elektrogenerator.The invention relates to a wind turbine and a method for operating the wind turbine's electric generator.

Det drev, som er tilsluttet vindkraftværkets hovedaksel, har den funktion at forøge omdrejningshastigheden 5 for den af vindrotoren drevne hovedaksel på for elektro-generatoren egnet vis. Ved de almindeligt forekommende elek-trogeneratordrev i vindkraftværker udgør de på hovedakslen optrædende større bøjningsmomenter i forskellige retninger et problem, idet bøjningsmomenterne på uheldig vis fremkalder 10 en for stor udbøjning af hovedakslen. Når et tandhjul er direkte forbundet med hovedakslen, overføres den for store udbøjning til tandindgrebet. Som følge af det ufuldstændige tandindgreb slides tandhjulene med tiden, hvorved behovet for vedligeholdelsesforanstaltninger tiltager.The drive connected to the main shaft of the wind turbine has the function of increasing the speed of rotation 5 of the main shaft driven by the wind rotor in a manner suitable for the electric generator. In the commonly occurring electric generator drives in wind turbines, the larger bending moments appearing on the main shaft in different directions are a problem, since the bending moments inadvertently cause excessive bending of the main shaft. When a sprocket is directly connected to the main shaft, excessive bending is transmitted to the sprocket. Due to the incomplete tooth engagement, the cogwheels wear out over time, increasing the need for maintenance measures.

15 Ved opfindelsen søges en løsning på dette problem.The invention seeks to solve this problem.

Ved opfindelsen er der tilvejebragt en ny bevægelses- og kraftoverføring fra den af vindkraftsværkets vinger drevne hovedaksel til elektrogeneratoren. Ved opfindelsen anvendes en hulaksel, gennem hvis midtstillede rum hovedakslen føres.The invention provides a new motion and force transfer from the main shaft driven by the blades of the wind turbine to the electro generator. In the invention, a hollow shaft is used through which the centered compartment is passed the main shaft.

20 Ved enden af hovedakslen er mellem hovedakslen og hulakslen placeret en tandkobling, som er udformet med en lige fortan-ding og en med denne samvirkende bomberet fortanding. Ved denne tandkobling er endog større vinke lændringer muliggjort.20 At the end of the main shaft, there is located between the main shaft and the hollow shaft a toothed coupling which is formed with a straight tooth and one with this cooperating bombed tooth. With this tooth coupling, even larger angular changes are possible.

Ved anvendelsen af den ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte 25 hulaksel og tandkobling opnås også en større lejeafstand for radiallejerne, hvorved der til disse lejer og over lejerne til huset kun overfører små radiale kræfter.By using the hollow shaft and tooth coupling provided by the invention, a greater bearing distance for the radial bearings is also obtained, whereby only small radial forces are transferred to these bearings and over the bearings to the housing.

Ved opfindelsen kan anlægget tilvejebringes som en integreret enhed, hvori vindrotoren på vindkraftværket er 30 direkte tilsluttet hovedakslen, og generatoren ved sin flange er direkte forbundet med drevets hus. Rotationsmekanismen i den nævnte enhed bygges direkte på drevets fodplade. På denne måde kan den nævnte enhed, som består af vindrotor, hovedaksel og dertil knyttet drev og generator monteres som 35 en samlet enhed på vindkraftværkets tårn.In the invention, the system can be provided as an integrated unit in which the wind rotor of the wind turbine is directly connected to the main shaft and the generator at its flange is directly connected to the drive housing. The rotation mechanism of said unit is built directly on the drive's footplate. In this way, said unit, consisting of wind rotor, main shaft and associated drive and generator, can be mounted as a single unit on the tower of the wind turbine.

For det ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte vindkraftværk 2 DK 173801 B1 er det i det væsentlige karakteristisk, at anlægget består af en hulaksel, hvor hovedakslen er ført igennem hulakslens indre hulrum, og hvor vindrotoren er forbundet med hovedakslen, og at anlægget mellem hovedakslen og hulakslen er 5 forsynet med en tandkobling, og at tandkoblingen har en bomberet tandform, således at tandkoblingen virker som et led, hvorved der kan tåles en vinkel forskydning, som er tilvejebragt ved en på vindkraftværkets vinger virkende kraft, uden at denne forskydning overføres til tandindgrebet 10 mellem hovedakslens tandhjul og tandhjulet på sideakslen, således at hovedakslens rotation kan overføres fejlfrit fra vindrotoren til hovedakslen og over tandkoblingen til den hulaksel, som omgiver hovedakslen, og over det med hulakslen forbundne tandhjul videre til de andre aksler i drevet og 15 videre til elektrogeneratoren.For the wind turbine provided by the invention 2 DK 173801 B1, it is essentially characteristic that the plant consists of a hollow shaft, the main shaft passing through the inner cavity of the hollow shaft and where the wind rotor is connected to the main shaft and the plant between the main shaft and the hollow shaft is 5. provided with a toothed coupling, and that the toothed coupling has a bombed tooth shape, such that the toothed coupling acts as a joint, thereby being able to withstand an angular displacement provided by a force acting on the blades of the wind turbine without transferring this displacement to the tooth engagement 10 between the main shaft the sprocket and the sprocket on the side shaft so that the rotation of the main shaft can be transmitted flawlessly from the wind rotor to the main shaft and over the gear to the hollow shaft surrounding the main shaft, and over the sprocket connected to the hollow shaft to the other shafts in the drive and further to the electric generator.

Den ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte fremgangsmåde ved drift af elektrogeneratoren i et vindkraftværk er i det væsentlige karakteristisk ved, at den fra vindrotoren tilvejebragte rotation af hovedakslen overføres over tandkob-20 lingen på hovedåkslen til den hulaksel, som omgiver hovedakslen, idet tandkoblingen er udformet med en fortanding, som samvirker med den indvendige fortanding på en muffe, som omgiver fortandingen, og at den udenom placerede muffe funktionsmæssigt over fortandingen er forbundet med hul-25 akslen, hvorfra bevægelsen over tandhjulet føres til sideakslerne, og fra disse videre, fortrinsvis over koblingen til elektrogeneratoren, idet tandkoblingen er tilvejebragt med en bomberet tandform, som tillader en vinkelforskydning af hovedakslen, som er placeret inden i hulakslen, idet 30 vinkelforskydningen ikke roere overføres til indgrebet mellem hulakslens tandhjul og sideakslens tandhjul, hvorved indretningen også tillader større vinkelændringer forårsaget af bøjningsmomentet på hovedakslen, og tillige giver mulighed for, at radiallejerne også kan placeres med større indbyrdes 35 afstand, således at den samlede bredde af indretningen bliver mindre, hvorved de radiale lejekræfter bliver mindre.The method of the invention for operating the electro-generator in a wind turbine is characterized in that the rotation of the main shaft provided by the wind rotor is transferred over the tooth coupling on the main shaft to the hollow shaft surrounding the main shaft, the tooth coupling being formed with a tooth. which cooperates with the internal tooth on a sleeve surrounding the tooth, and that the outer sleeve is functionally connected above the tooth to the hollow shaft, from which the movement over the gear is carried to the side shafts, and from these further, preferably over the coupling to the electric generator. the tooth coupling being provided with a bombed tooth shape which allows an angular displacement of the main shaft located within the hollow shaft, the angular displacement not being moved to the engagement between the cog shaft gears and the side shaft gears, thereby causing the device to cause greater angular changes of the bending moment on the main shaft, and also allows the radial bearings to be also spaced apart by greater distance, so that the overall width of the device becomes smaller, thereby reducing the radial bearing forces.

3 DK 173801 B13 DK 173801 B1

En foretrukken eksempelvis udførelsesform af opfindelsen forklares i det følgende nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 er en skematisk afbildning af principperne i 5 et ved opfindelsen tilvejebragt vindkraftværk, fig. 2 viser et tværsnit gennem drevet i det ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte vindkraftværk, fig. 3 er et snit gennem den del af anlægget, hvor i fig. 2 tandmuffen og hovedakslen er forbundet med hinanden, 10 i stor målestok, fig. 4 viser hovedakslens endeleje, som optager ak-sialkraften, fig. 5 viser endelejet i den side af vindkraftværket, hvor vindrotoren er placeret, 15 fig. 6A viser vindkraftværkets drev set fra siden, fig. 6B viser drevet i den ved pilen H i fig. 6A angivne retning, fig. 7A er en afbildning af berøringsområdet for tandindgrebet ved en ifølge den kendte teknik udformet hoved-20 aksels tandhjul, og tandhjulet på en sideaksel, i ubelastet tilstand, fig. 7B, er en afbildning svarende til afbildningen i fig. 7A, roen i ubelastet tilstand, idet hovedakslen, som følge af virkningen af de gennem vingerne frembragte kræfter, 25 er udbøjet og drejet i en vinkel, hvorved afbildningen af berøringsområdet ved tandindgrebet er ændret ifølge fig. 7B, fig. 7C viser en løsning af det i fig. 7B viste problem, idet der roellem hovedakslen og sideakslen er anvendt en tandforbindelse, hvor i det mindste den ene fortanding 30 er bomberet, således at berøringsfladen mellem den bomberede fortanding og den roed denne fortanding samvirkende lige fortanding er en elipse, idet tandkoblingen tillader en udbøjning af hovedakslen, uden at bøjningen overføres ved indgrebet mellem tandhjulet på hovedakslen og tandhjulet på 35 sideakslen, 4 DK 173801 B1 fig. 7D viser en bomberet tand i tandkoblingen i plan afbildning.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the principles of 5 a wind turbine provided by the invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-section through the drive of the wind turbine provided by the invention; FIG. 3 is a section through the part of the system where in FIG. 2, the tooth sleeve and the main shaft are interconnected, 10 on a large scale; FIG. 4 shows the end bearing of the main shaft which absorbs the axial force; FIG. 5 shows the end bearing in the side of the wind turbine where the wind rotor is located; FIG. 6A is a side view of the wind turbine drive; FIG. 6B shows the drive in the arrow H of FIG. 6A; FIG. Fig. 7A is a view of the contact area of the tooth engagement of a prior art designed shaft main sprocket and the sprocket on a lateral shaft, in unstressed condition; 7B is a view similar to the view of FIG. 7A, the rest in unstressed condition, the main shaft being deflected and rotated at an angle, due to the action of the forces produced by the wings, whereby the projection of the contact area at the tooth engagement is changed according to FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C shows a solution of the device shown in FIG. 7B, using a toothed connection between the main shaft and the side shaft, at least one of the toothed teeth 30 being bombed, so that the contact surface between the bombed toothed and the smoothed toothed tooth interacting is an ellipse, the toothed coupling permitting a bend. of the main shaft, without transmitting the bend at the engagement of the sprocket on the main shaft and the sprocket on the 35 side shaft, FIG. 7D shows a bombed tooth in the tooth coupling in plan view.

I fig. 1 er det ved opfindelsen tilvejebragte vindkraftværk 10 vist skematisk. Vindkraftværket 10 består af 5 en vindrotor 11 med en eller flere vinger, dvs. et blad 12a, 12b..., idet der i fig. 1 er vist to blade 12a, 12b, som er fastgjort på hovedakslens 13 rotornav 11a. Vinden bringer hovedakslen 13 til rotation ved påvirkning af bladene 12a, 12b. Hovedakslen 13 er lejret i lejerne 14 og 15.In FIG. 1, the wind turbine 10 provided by the invention is shown schematically. The wind turbine 10 consists of 5 a wind rotor 11 with one or more blades, i. a blade 12a, 12b ..., in which FIG. 1, two blades 12a, 12b shown on the rotor hub 11a of the main shaft 13 are shown. The wind causes the main shaft 13 to rotate by the action of the blades 12a, 12b. The main shaft 13 is mounted in the bearings 14 and 15.

10 Vindkraftværket 10 består af en hulaksel 16, som er lejret drejeligt i lejerne 17 og 18. Hulakslen 16 indbefatter et indre hulrum D, hvorigennem hovedakslen 13 er ført. På enden af hovedakslen 13 er tandkoblingen 19 forbundet, ved hvilken tandkobling 19 rotationen af hovedakslen 13 overføres 15 til hulakslen 16. Hulakslen 16 indbefatter et tandhjul 20, som bringer tandhjulet 23 på akslen 21 til drejning. Akslen 21 indbefatter et tandhjul 24, som er forbundet funktionsmæssigt med tandhjulet 27 på akslen 25. Akslen 25 er lejret drejeligt i lejerne 26a og 26b. Fra akslen 25 overføres 20 rotationen over tandhjulet 28 til tandhjulet 31 på akslen 29. Akslen 29 er lejret drejeligt i lejerne 30a og 30b.10 The wind turbine 10 consists of a hollow shaft 16 which is pivotally mounted in the bearings 17 and 18. The hollow shaft 16 includes an inner cavity D through which the main shaft 13 is passed. At the end of the main shaft 13, the toothed clutch 19 is connected, at which the toothed clutch 19 transmits the rotation of the main shaft 13 to the hollow shaft 16. The hollow shaft 16 includes a gear 20 which causes the sprocket 23 of the shaft 21 to rotate. The shaft 21 includes a sprocket 24 which is operatively connected to the sprocket 27 of the shaft 25. The shaft 25 is pivotally mounted in the bearings 26a and 26b. From the shaft 25, the rotation is transmitted over the sprocket 28 to the sprocket 31 of the shaft 29. The shaft 29 is pivotally mounted in the bearings 30a and 30b.

Akslen 29 er forbundet med koblingen 32, og koblingen 32 er forbundet med elektrogeneratoren 33. Således ændres på for elektrogeneratoren 33 egnet vis bevægelsen af vindrotoren 25 li's hovedaksel 13 over et omsætningsdrev, således at elektrogeneratoren 33's aksel roterer med et optimalt omdrejningstal hvorved elektrogeneratoren 33 frembringer elektrisk energi. I den anden ende af akslen 29 er placeret en bremse J. Den således forklarede enhed kan drejes i den rigtige 3 0 vindretning ved en drivmotor M på enden af tårnet T for vindkraftværket 10.The shaft 29 is connected to the clutch 32 and the clutch 32 is connected to the electric generator 33. Thus, for the electric generator 33, the movement of the main shaft 13 of the wind rotor 25 1 is changed over a turnover drive, so that the shaft of the electric generator 33 rotates at an optimal speed, thereby producing the electric generator 33 electrical energy. At the other end of shaft 29 is located a brake J. The unit thus explained can be turned in the correct direction of wind by a drive motor M at the end of the tower T of the wind turbine 10.

I fig. 2 er vist et tværsnit af vindkraftværket 10's drev. Drevet består af et hovedhus 34 med et dertil knyttet dæksel 35. På dækslet 35 er yderligere placeret et lejehus 35 36. Huset 36 er fastgjort til dækslet 35 med skruer R^.In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the drive of the wind turbine 10. The drive consists of a main housing 34 with a cover 35 attached thereto. On the cover 35 is further located a bearing housing 35 36. The housing 36 is fixed to the cover 35 with screws R 2.

På hovedakslen 13 er med en kile 39 placeret en tand- 5 DK 173801 B1 muffe 37, som er udformet med en udvendig fortanding 38, som er bomberet.On the main shaft 13, a tooth 39 is provided with a tooth 37, which is formed with an external tooth 38, which is bombed.

Anlægget består endvidere af en tandmuffe 40, som er udformet med en første indvendig fortanding 41, som er en 5 lige fortanding, og en anden indvendig fortanding 42, som også er en lige fortanding. Den første indvendige fortanding 41 på tandmuffen 40 er funktionsmæssig forbundet med den bomberede udvendige fortanding 38 på tandmuffen 37. Mellem fortandingerne 41 og 42 befinder der sig et fremspring 43, 10 som i det sammenbyggede drev er placeret mellem anslagsfladen 44 på den fortandede muffe 37 og anslagsfladen 45’ på endemuffen 45, hvorved den fastholdes af de omtalte dele i et bestemt aksialt område.The system further consists of a tooth socket 40 which is formed with a first internal tooth 41 which is a 5 straight tooth and a second internal tooth 42 which is also a straight tooth. The first internal tooth 41 of the tooth sleeve 40 is functionally connected to the bombed outer tooth 38 of the tooth sleeve 37. Between the teeth 41 and 42 there is a projection 43, 10 which is located in the assembled drive between the abutment surface 44 of the toothed sleeve 37 and the abutment surface 45 'of the end sleeve 45, thereby being retained by said parts in a particular axial region.

Endemuffen 45 indbefatter en lige udvendig fortanding 15 46, som funktionsmæssigt er forbundet med den anden, lige indvendige fortanding 42 på muffen 40.The end sleeve 45 includes a straight external tooth 15 46 which is functionally connected to the second straight inner tooth 42 of the sleeve 40.

Tandmuffen 45 er fastgjort til enden af hulakslen 30 med skruer og splitter 1*2· I en særlig udførelsesform af opfindelsen er den med 20 kilen 39 på hovedakslen 13 placerede tandmuffe 37 udformet med en lige udvendig fortanding 38. I tilknytning hertil er fortandingen 41 på tandmuffen 40, som samarbejder med fortand ingen 38, bomberet.The toothed sleeve 45 is secured to the end of the hollow shaft 30 with screws and splits 1 * 2. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the toothed sleeve 37 located with the 20 wedge 39 on the main shaft 13 is formed with a straight external toothing 38. the tooth sleeve 40, which cooperates with tooth no 38, is bombed.

I fig. 3 er samvirkningen mellem tandmuffen 37 og 25 den uden om denne placerede ydre tandmuffe 40 vist i stor målestok. Pilen S viser bevægelsesoverføringen fra hovedakslen 13 til hulakslen 16 over tandkoblingen.In FIG. 3, the interaction between the tooth sleeve 37 and 25 the outer tooth sleeve 40 located around this is shown on a large scale. Arrow S shows the motion transmission from the main shaft 13 to the hollow shaft 16 over the tooth coupling.

I fig. 4 er vist opbygningen af endelejet 46. Den tynde ende 47 på hovedakslen er placeret i løberingen 48.In FIG. 4 shows the structure of the end bearing 46. The thin end 47 of the main shaft is located in the running ring 48.

30 Lejerullerne 49 er placeret mellem den indre løbering 47 og den ydre løbering 50 og udgør lejekransen 51. Bundringen 52 er udformet med udsparinger 53, hvorigennem fjedrene 54 er ført. Fjedrene 54 er anbragt i fordybninger 56 i endedækslet 55. Fjedrene 54 holder gennem deres fjederkraft lejerullerne 35 i berøring med disses løbeflader, også i det tilfælde, at der ikke virker nogen aksial kraft, dvs. når vindkraftværket 6 DK 173801 B1 står stille.The bearing rollers 49 are positioned between the inner running ring 47 and the outer running ring 50 and constitute the bearing rim 51. The bottom ring 52 is formed with recesses 53 through which the springs 54 are passed. The springs 54 are arranged in recesses 56 in the end cover 55. The springs 54, through their spring force, keep the bearing rollers 35 in contact with their running surfaces, even in the case of no axial force, ie. when the wind turbine 6 DK 173801 B1 stands still.

I fig, 5 er opbygningen af lejet 14 vist. Lejet 14 er et flaskeformet rulleleje, som består af en indre løbering 57 og en ydre løbering 58, hvorimellem lejerullerne 59a, 5 59b ligger i lejekransene og 1¾. Hovedakslen 13 er for bundet med løberingen 57 ved den kegleformede muffe 60. Løberingen 57 indbefatter en med lejemuffen 57 samvirkende kegleflade 61b. Den kegleformede muffe 60 er i enden udformet med et gevind 62, hvorpå kan skrues en spændmuffe 63, som 10 er udformet med et gevind 63, som samvirker med gevindet 64. Gennem drejning af muffen 63 bevæges den kegleformede muffe 60 aksialt (i retningen X). Herved spændes muffen 60 mod akslen 13, og samtidigt indstilles radialspillerummet mellem lejerullerne 59a, 59b... og løberingene 57, 58.In Figure 5, the structure of the bearing 14 is shown. The bearing 14 is a bottle-shaped roller bearing consisting of an inner running ring 57 and an outer running ring 58, between the bearing rollers 59a, 59b located in the bearing rings and 1¾. The main shaft 13 is too bonded with the bearing ring 57 at the cone-shaped sleeve 60. The bearing ring 57 includes a cone surface 61b cooperating with the bearing sleeve 57. The cone-shaped sleeve 60 is formed at the end with a thread 62, on which can be screwed a tensioning sleeve 63, which 10 is formed with a thread 63, which cooperates with the thread 64. Through rotation of the sleeve 63, the cone-shaped sleeve 60 is moved axially (in the direction X ). Hereby, the sleeve 60 is tensioned against the shaft 13, and at the same time the radial clearance space is adjusted between the bearing rollers 59a, 59b ... and the bearing rings 57, 58.

15 I fig. 6A er vindkraftværkets drev vist set fra siden.In FIG. 6A is a side view of the wind turbine drive.

På hovedhuset 34 er placeret et dæksel 35, hvorpå igen lejehuset 36 er anbragt. På siden af hovedhuset 34 er bygget en elektropumpe 56, hvormed pumpes smøreolie til tandhjul og lejer.On the main housing 34 is a cover 35, on which again the bearing housing 36 is arranged. On the side of the main housing 34 is built an electric pump 56, which pumps lubricating oil for gears and bearings.

20 I fig. 6B er vist en afbildning af vindkraftværket set i den ved pilen K i fig. 6A angivne retning. I fig. 7A er vist en afbildning af tandindgrebets berøringsområde mellem tandhjulet på en hovedaksel og tandhjulet på en af sideakslerne ifølge den kendte teknik. I ubelastet tilstand 25 er berøringsområdet som vist i fig. 7A, idet der er tilvejebragt berøring mellem tænderne i bevægelsen og til dels i hele tandbredden (i retningen X).In FIG. 6B is a view of the wind turbine seen in the arrow K in FIG. 6A. In FIG. Fig. 7A is a view of the contact area of the tooth engagement between the sprocket of a main shaft and the sprocket of one of the prior art shafts. In unloaded condition 25, the contact area as shown in FIG. 7A, providing contact between the teeth in the movement and partly in the entire tooth width (in the direction X).

I fig. 7B er vist en situation, hvor vindkraftværkets hovedaksel underkastes en vinkelforskydning på grund af den 30 virkning der opstår ved den ved vindkraftværkets vinger frembragte kraft, hvorved indgrebet og berøringen mellem tandhjulet på hovedakslen og nabotandhjulet bliver ufuldstændig. Følgen heraf er en hurtigere nedslidning af tænderne.In FIG. 7B is shown a situation in which the main shaft of the wind turbine is subjected to an angular displacement due to the effect produced by the force produced by the blades of the wind turbine, whereby the engagement and contact between the sprocket on the main shaft and the neighboring sprocket becomes incomplete. The result is a faster grinding of the teeth.

I fig. 7C er vist en løsning af det i fig. 7B anskue-35 liggjorte problem. Ved opfindelsen anvendes mellem hovedakslen og sideakslen en tandkobling 19, som udgører et led 7 DK 173801 B1 mellem hovedakslen 13 og hulakslen 17, og som tillader en vinkelforskydning af hovedakslen 13. På denne måde er der ingen problemer i forbindelse med indgrebet mellem tandhjulet 20 på hulakslen 16 og tandhjulet 23 på sideakslen 21. Den 5 udvendige fortanding 38 på tandmuffen 37 vil fortrinsvis være bomberet. Hver tand 38a, 38b... er udformet med en krum, med radius R affræset overflade, hvorved indgrebets berøringsområde er elipseformet, som vist i fig. 7C, når hovedakslen udsættes for en vinkelforskydning. Tandkoblingen 10 19 arbejder som et led, hvorved hovedakslens vinkelforskyd ning ikke forårsager noget problem i forbindelse med indgrebet mellem tandhjulene 20 og 23 på henholdsvis hulakslen 16 og sideakslen 21.In FIG. 7C is a solution of the embodiment shown in FIG. Figure 7B illustrated problem. In the invention, between the main shaft and the side shaft, a toothed clutch 19 is used which forms a joint 7 between the main shaft 13 and the hollow shaft 17, and which permits an angular displacement of the main shaft 13. In this way, there are no problems with the engagement of the gear 20 on the hollow shaft 16 and the sprocket 23 on the side shaft 21. The external tooth 38 on the tooth sleeve 37 will preferably be bombed. Each tooth 38a, 38b ... is formed with a curved surface of radius R, whereby the contact area of the engagement is elliptical, as shown in FIG. 7C when the main shaft is subjected to an angular displacement. The gear coupling 10 19 operates as a joint, whereby the angular displacement of the main shaft does not cause any problem in connection with the engagement of the gears 20 and 23 on the hollow shaft 16 and the side shaft 21, respectively.

I fig. 7D er vist en tand i tandkoblingen 19 i fig.In FIG. 7D a tooth is shown in the tooth coupling 19 in FIG.

15 7C i plan afbildning. Heraf ses det, at bomberingen ud over i vertikalakseretningen Z også er udført i tværakseretningen Y på begge flankesider af tænderne.15C in plan view. From this it can be seen that the bombing in addition to the vertical axis direction Z is also carried out in the cross axis direction Y on both flank sides of the teeth.

Claims (13)

1. Vindkraftværk (10) til omsætning af vindenergi til elektroenergi, sotn indbefatter en vindrotor (11) med en eller flere vinger (12a, 12b...), hvilken vindrotor er for- 5 bundet med hovedakslen (13) i vindkraftværket (10), idet vindkraftværket (10) mellem hovedakslen (13) og en elek-trogenerator (33) er tilvejebragt med et tandhjulsdrev, hvormed hovedakslens (13) rotationshastighed ændres på en for elektrogeneratoren (33) egnet vis, kendete g-10 net ved, at anlægget indbefatter en hulaksel (16), gennem hvis indre hulrum (D) hovedakslen (13) er ført, med hvilken hovedaksel (13) vindrotoren (11) er forbundet, og at anlægget mellem hovedakslen (13) og hulakslen (16) er udformet med en tandkobling (19) , og at tandkoblingen (19) er tilvejebragt 15 med en bomberet tandform, som muliggør en overføring af rotationsbevægelsen fra vindrotoren (11) til elektrogene-ratoren uden forstyrrende påvirkning fra hovedaksens vinkel-forskydning, hvorved hovedakslens (13) rotationsbevægelse uden forstyrrelse overføres fra vindrotoren (11) til hoved-20 akslen (13), og over tandkoblingen (19) til hulakslen (16), som omgiver hovedakslen (13), og over det med hulakslen (16) forbundne tandhjul (20) til de andre aksler i drivsystemet og videre til elektrogeneratoren (33).A wind turbine (10) for converting wind energy to electrical energy, includes a wind rotor (11) having one or more blades (12a, 12b ...), which wind rotor is connected to the main shaft (13) of the wind turbine (10). ), the wind turbine (10) between the main shaft (13) and an electric generator (33) being provided with a gear drive, at which the rotational speed of the main shaft (13) is changed at a g-10 mesh known to the electric generator (33), the system includes a hollow shaft (16) through whose inner cavity (D) the main shaft (13) is passed, to which the main shaft (13) the wind rotor (11) is connected, and that the plant between the main shaft (13) and the hollow shaft (16) is formed with a toothed coupling (19) and the toothed coupling (19) is provided with a bombed toothed shape which permits the transfer of the rotational movement from the wind rotor (11) to the electrogenerator without interfering with the angular displacement of the main shaft (13). ) rotational motion without interference, is transferred from the wind rotor (11) to the main shaft (13), and over the tooth coupling (19) to the hollow shaft (16) surrounding the main shaft (13) and over the cogs (20) connected to the hollow shaft (16). the other shafts in the drive system and on to the electro generator (33). 2. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1, kendete g- 25 net ved, at tandkoblingen (19) mellem hovedakslen (13) og hulakslen (16) består af en udvendig fortanding (38) på den med hovedakslen (13) forbundne muffe (13) og en tandmuffe (40) , som omgiver muffen (13), hvilken tandmuffe (40) indbefatter en indvendig fortanding (41) , hvorved fortandingeme 30 (38, 41) samvirker, og at tandmuffen (40) funktionsmæssig er forbundet med hulakslen (16).Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth coupling (19) between the main shaft (13) and the hollow shaft (16) consists of an external tooth (38) on the sleeve (13) connected to the main shaft (13) and a toothed sleeve (40) surrounding said sleeve (13), said toothed sleeve (40) including an internal tooth (41), wherein said toothed teeth 30 (38, 41) cooperate and said toothed sleeve (40) operably connected to said hollow shaft (16) . 3. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 2, kendeteg net ved, at tandmuffen (40) også er tilvejebragt med en anden fortanding (42), som fortrinsvis også er en lige for- 35 tanding, som samvirker med den udvendige fortanding (46) på den med hulakslen (16) forbundne endemuffe (45). 9 DK 173801 B1Wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the tooth sleeve (40) is also provided with a second tooth (42), which is also preferably a straight tooth which cooperates with the external tooth (46) on the tooth. the end shaft (16) connected to the hollow shaft (45). 9 DK 173801 B1 4. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-3, kendetegnet ved, at fortandingen (38) på hovedakslen (13) er bomberet og at den hermed samarbejdende indvendige fortanding (41) på muffen (40), som omgiver fortandingen (38) på tand- 5 koblingen (19), er en lige fortanding.Wind turbine according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the tooth (38) of the main shaft (13) is bombed and the cooperating internal tooth (41) of the sleeve (40) surrounding the tooth (38) of the tooth. the coupling (19) is a straight tooth. 5. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-3, kendetegnet ved, at fortandingen (38) på hovedakslen (13) er en lige fortanding, og at den hermed samvirkende fortanding (41) på muffen (40) , som omgiver fortandingen (38) , er en 10 bomberet fortanding.Wind turbine according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the tooth (38) of the main shaft (13) is a straight tooth and that the corresponding tooth (41) of the sleeve (40) surrounding the tooth (38) is a 10 bombed tooth. 6. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-5, kendetegnet ved, at den bomberede fortanding i tandkoblingen (19), såvel i tændernes højderetning (Z-retning) som i tændernes bredderetning (Y-retning) er udført i en krum form.Wind turbine according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the bombed tooth in the tooth coupling (19), in both the height direction of the teeth (Z direction) and in the width direction of the teeth (Y direction) is made in a curved form. 7. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-6, kendeteg net ved, at der mellem den første indvendige fortanding (41) og den anden indvendige fortanding (42) på tandmuffen (40) er tilvejebragt et fremspring (43), som, når drevet er samlet, er placeret mellem anslagsfladen (44) på tandmuffen 20 (37) og anslagsfladen (45') på endemuffen (45), idet frem springet således af de nævnte dele fastholdes i et bestemt aksialt område.Wind turbine according to claims 1-6, characterized in that a projection (43) is provided between the first internal tooth (41) and the second inner tooth (42) on the tooth sleeve (40). , is positioned between the abutment surface (44) of the tooth sleeve 20 (37) and the abutment surface (45 ') of the end sleeve (45), thus maintaining the projection of said parts in a particular axial region. 8. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-7, kendetegnet ved, at hovedakslen (13) er lejret i lejer (14, 15) 25. driftshuset, og at hulakslen (16) er lejret i lejerne (17, 18) i driftshuset, og at anlægget er tilvejebragt med et endeleje (47) til optagelse af aksiale kræfter (retningen X), der påvirker hovedakslen (13) .Wind turbine according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the main shaft (13) is housed in bearings (14, 15) of the 25 operating housing and that the hollow shaft (16) is mounted in the bearings (17, 18) of the operating housing and that the system is provided with an end bearing (47) for absorbing axial forces (direction X) affecting the main shaft (13). 8 DK 173801 B1 PATENTKRAV.8 DK 173801 B1 PATENT REQUIREMENT. 9. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 8, kendete g- 30 net ved, at endelejet (47) er udformet med et rulleleje (49) eller et lignende leje, som løber mellem løberingene (48, 50), og at en eller flere fjedre (54) er således anbragt, at de presser på løberingene på en sådan måde, at lejerullerne (49) forbliver i berøring med løbebanerne.Wind turbine according to claim 8, characterized in that the end bearing (47) is formed with a roller bearing (49) or a similar bearing running between the running rings (48, 50) and that one or more springs (54) ) are arranged so that they press on the running rings in such a way that the bearing rollers (49) remain in contact with the running tracks. 10. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 1-9, kendeteg net ved, at lejet (14) på hovedakslen (13), i den ende, 10 DK 173801 B1 hvor vindrotoren (11) sidder, er et rulleleje, og fortrinsvis et keglerulleleje.Wind turbine according to claims 1-9, characterized in that the bearing (14) on the main shaft (13), at that end, where the wind rotor (11) sits, is a roller bearing, and preferably a cone roller bearing. 11. Vindkraftværk ifølge krav 10, kendetegnet ved, lejet (14) er udformet med en kegleflade (61b), 5 som samvirker med keglefladen (61a) på den kegleformede muffe (60) i løberingen (57), hvorved lejet (14), ved den aksiale bevægelse af den kegleformede muffe (60), fastgøres i den ønskede aksiale stilling på hovedakslen (13).A wind turbine according to claim 10, characterized in that the bearing (14) is formed with a cone surface (61b), which cooperates with the cone surface (61a) on the cone-shaped sleeve (60) in the running ring (57), whereby the bearing (14), by the axial movement of the cone-shaped sleeve (60), fasten in the desired axial position on the main shaft (13). 12. Vindkraf tvaerk ifølge krav 1-11, kendete g-10 net ved, at anlægget udgør en samlet enhed, hvorved vindrotoren (11), hovedakslen (13) og dertil knyttede drev, koblinger og elektrogeneratoren (33) samlet kan placeres på tårnet (T) på vindkraftværket.Wind power according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the system forms a total unit, whereby the wind rotor (11), the main shaft (13) and associated drives, couplings and the electro generator (33) can be placed together on the tower (T) at the wind turbine. 13. Fremgangsmåde til drift af elektrogeneratoren 15 (33) i et vindkraftværk (10) , som består af en vindrotor (11) , og i denne tillige af en eller flere vinger (12a, 12b, 12c), som er forbundet med navet (11a) på vindrotoren (11) , og hvor vindrotornavet (11a) er forbundet med hovedakslen (13), idet vindkraftværket (10) er tilvejebragt med 20 et drev, fortrinsvis et tandhjulsdrev, med hvilket hovedakslens (13) rotation kan ændres, så den er egnet til elektrogeneratoren (33), som er placeret bag drevet, kendetegnet ved, at den ved vindrotoren (11) tilvejebragte rotation overføres fra hovedakslen (13) over hoved-25 akslens (13) tandkobling (19) til hulakslen (16) , som omgiver hovedakslen (13) , idet tandkoblingen (19) indbefatter en for-tanding, som samvirker med den indvendige fortånding på muffen (40), som omgiver fortandingen, og at muffen (40), som omgiver fortandingen, er forbundet funktionsmæssig med 30 hulakslen (16) ved fortandingen, fra hvilken hulaksel (16) bevægelsen overføres over tandhjulet (20) til sideakslerne (21, 25, 29), og herfra videre med fordel over koblingen (32) til elektrogeneratoren (33), og hvor tandkoblingen (19) er udformet med en bomberet tandform, muliggør en over-35 føring af rotationsbevægelsen fra vindrotoren til elektrogeneratoren uden forstyrrende påvirkning fra hovedakslens vinkelforskydning.A method of operating the electro-generator 15 (33) in a wind turbine (10) consisting of a wind rotor (11), and in that of one or more blades (12a, 12b, 12c) connected to the hub ( 11a) on the wind rotor (11) and wherein the wind rotor hub (11a) is connected to the main shaft (13), the wind turbine (10) being provided with a drive, preferably a gear drive, with which the rotation of the main shaft (13) can be changed so that is suitable for the electro generator (33) located behind the drive, characterized in that the rotation provided by the wind rotor (11) is transferred from the main shaft (13) over the tooth coupling (19) of the main shaft (13) to the hollow shaft (16), which surrounds the main shaft (13), the tooth coupling (19) including a front tooth which cooperates with the internal tooth on the sleeve (40) which surrounds the tooth and that the sleeve (40) which surrounds the tooth is functionally connected to the tooth. the hollow shaft (16) at the tooth, from which the hollow shaft (16) moves the transfer is transmitted over the sprocket (20) to the side shafts (21, 25, 29), and from there further advantageously over the coupling (32) to the electro generator (33), and where the tooth coupling (19) is formed with a bombed tooth shape, 35 guiding the rotational motion of the wind rotor to the electro generator without interfering with the angular displacement of the main shaft.
DK199201040A 1991-08-23 1992-08-20 Wind turbine and method of operation of power plant's electric generator DK173801B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FI913984 1991-08-23
FI913984A FI91313C (en) 1991-08-23 1991-08-23 Wind turbines and procedures in the operation of the wind turbine's electricity generator

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DE29609794U1 (en) * 1996-06-03 1996-08-22 Aerodyn Gmbh Gear-generator combination
DE19955586A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-06-13 Siemens Ag Wind-power generator station
SE515712C3 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-10-23 Abb Ab Electric power generating device
DE10015287C2 (en) * 2000-03-28 2002-03-21 Tacke Windenergie Gmbh Wind turbine
DE10043593B4 (en) * 2000-09-01 2014-01-09 Renk Ag Transmission for wind generators
DE10159973A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-18 Winergy Ag Gearbox for a wind turbine
JP3822100B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-09-13 株式会社小松製作所 Wind power generator
DE102007060985A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Innovative Windpower Ag Device for the transmission of provisioning means
US8424416B2 (en) 2010-06-18 2013-04-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Layshaft generator

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DE3529404A1 (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-26 Rudolf Eckert Rotor transmission for wind power stations
DE3625840A1 (en) * 1986-07-30 1988-02-11 Scholz Hans Ulrich WIND TURBINE

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DK104092A (en) 1993-02-24
FI913984A0 (en) 1991-08-23

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