DK172699B1

DK172699B1 - Towed manure spreader with high-placed spreading element, especially for use in spruce plantations and similar row crops with high growth

Info

Publication number: DK172699B1
Application number: DK86196A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Niels Joergen Nielsen
Original assignee: Scanmark Danish Design As
Priority date: 1996-08-14
Filing date: 1996-08-14
Publication date: 1999-06-07
Also published as: DK86196A

Description

DK 172699 B1 iDK 172699 B1 i

Opfindelsen angår en bugseret gødningsspreder med højtsiddende sprcdcorgan, især til anvendelse i granplantager og lignende rækkckulturcr med høje vækster, der fordrer stor spredehøjde.The invention relates to a towed fertilizer spreader with high-seated spreading organ, especially for use in spruce plantations and similar high-growth row crops which require high spreading height.

Gødningsspreder er nærmere bestemt af den type, som omfatter en kraftig luftblæser, der frembringer 5 en luftstrøm gennem en ejektor, hvor gødningen injiceres i luftstrømmen i doseret mængde, og hvor gødningen efterfølgende transporteres v hj af luftstrømmen gennem et dertil indrettet rørsystem, der udmundcr i et sprcdcorgan (sprcdcmundstykkc, sprededyse eller lignende), der retningsbestemmer den udstrømmende luft-gødningsblanding.Specifically, the fertilizer spreader is of the type comprising a powerful air blower which produces an air flow through an ejector, where the fertilizer is injected into the air flow in dosed amount and the fertilizer is subsequently transported by the air flow through a pipe system thereto which results in a spray means (spray nozzle, nozzle or the like) directing the flowing air-fertilizer mixture.

10 Gødningssprederc af den omhandlede art til spredning af granuleret, fast gødning er sædvanligvis baseret på et mekanisk sprcdcprincip, hvor spredegodset udledes successivt i doseret mængde over et kastchjul, som bevirker en vandret udkastning af spredegodset i vifteform ved centrifugalkraft. Der kendes også gødningssprederc, hvor der i stedet for et roterende kastchjul findes et pendulerende, dyselignende organ, som bevirker udspredningen af spredegodset ved ren "kastccffckt". Fælles for 15 disse mekanisk baserede gødningssprederc er, at selve sprcdcorganct (kastchjulct, pcnduldyscn, etc) nødvendigvis må være anbragt i umiddelbar tilslutning til den kasse eller beholder, hvori gødningen opbevares, og hvorfra gødningen successivt udtages v hj af en i bunden af gødningskassen indbygget transportør. Der er derfor en fysisk (konstmktionsmæssig) grænse for, hvor højt sprcdcorganct kan placeres. Når den beplantning, som skal gødes, fordrer stor spredehøjde p gr af væksternes højde -20 her tænkes især på granplantager og lignende skovbcplantningcr- er de mekanisk baserede gødningssprederc derfor uanvendelige.Fertilizer spreaders of the kind for spreading granular solid fertilizers are usually based on a mechanical spreading principle in which the spreading material is discharged successively in dosed quantity over a casting wheel, which causes a horizontal ejection of the spreading material in fan form by centrifugal force. Fertilizer spreaders are also known in which, instead of a rotating casting wheel, there is a pendulating, nozzle-like means which causes the spreading of the spreading goods by pure "throwing effect". A common feature of these mechanically based fertilizer spreaders is that the sprayer itself (casting, PCD, etc.) must necessarily be placed adjacent to the box or container in which the fertilizer is stored and from which the fertilizer is successively removed from the bottom of the fertilizer box. transporter. Therefore, there is a physical (constructional) limit on how high the jump organ can be placed. When the planting that is to be fertilized requires a large spreading height due to the height of the growth -20 here, especially think of spruce plantations and similar forest planting plants, the mechanically based fertilizer spreaders are therefore useless.

Man har forsøgt at løse problemet ved at basere gødningssprcdcrcn på et pneumatisk sprcdcprincip, hvor spredningen af spredegodset sker v hj af en kraftig luftblæser, der frembringer en luftstrøm 25 gennem en ejektor. Spredegodset injiceres via ejektoren i luftstrømmen, og denne transporterer efterfølgende spredegodset frem gennem et dertil indrettet rørsystem til et højtsiddende sprcdcorgan (sprcdcmundstykkc, sprededyse eller lignende), der rctningsbcstcmmcr den udstrømmende luftgødningsblanding. Problemet ved kendte gødningssprederc af denne type er, at spredegodset ikke i tilstrækkelig grad accelereres op af luftstrømmen p gr af for korte rørstykker og for snævre 30 rørbøjningcr. Den tilsigtede virkning: en tilstrækkelig høj placering af sprededysen for opnåelse af den ønskede spredehøjde, opnås kun delvis, idet det lodrette rørstykke, som fører luft— gødningsblandingcn op til sprededysen af hensyn til gødningstransporten i røret kun kan have en begrænset længde, sædvanligvis max 1 - 1,5 m. Øges længden herudover går transporten i stå i røret, dvs gødningen klumper sammen og stopper røret til.An attempt has been made to solve the problem by basing the fertilizer spray on a pneumatic spray principle, in which the spreading of the spreading material is effected by a powerful air blower which produces an air flow 25 through an ejector. The spreading material is injected via the ejector into the airflow, which subsequently transports the spreading material through a pipe system for this to a high-seated spreading member (spraying nozzle, spreading nozzle or the like), which extends the flowing fertilizer mixture. The problem with known fertilizer spreaders of this type is that the spreading material is not sufficiently accelerated by the flow of air due to short pieces of pipe and too narrow pipe bends. The intended effect: a sufficiently high positioning of the nozzle to achieve the desired spreading height is only partially achieved, since the vertical pipe which carries the air-fertilizer mixture up to the nozzle for the purpose of manure transport in the pipe can only have a limited length, usually max. - 1.5 m. Increased length in addition the transport stops in the pipe, ie the fertilizer clumps and stops the pipe.

3535

Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at afhjælpe de ovenfor anførte problemer i forbindelse med de kendte pneumatisk baserede gødningssprederc, således at sprcdchøjdcn kan gøres tilstrækkelig stor. Samtidig tilstræbes er funktionel og robust udformning af gødningssprcdcrcn som sådan, således at de specielle krav der stilles i forbindelse med plantagcdrift og skovdrift tilgodeses.The object of the present invention is to alleviate the above-mentioned problems in connection with the known pneumatically based fertilizer spreader so that the spray protection can be made sufficiently large. At the same time, the aim is to have a functional and robust design of fertilizer sprays as such, so that the special requirements made in connection with planting and forestry are met.

4040

Den tilsigtede virkning opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved at indrette gødningsspreder efter følgende principper: 1) Gødningssprcdcrcn opbygges med en aflang, trugformet gødningsbeholder, i bunden af hvilken en 45 langsgående transportsnegl eller lignende transportindretning er monteret.The intended effect is achieved according to the invention by arranging fertilizer spreaders according to the following principles: 1) The fertilizer spreading structure is constructed with an elongated, trough-shaped fertilizer container, at the bottom of which a longitudinal conveyor screw or similar transport device is mounted.

2) Denne transportsnegl indrettes til at transportere gødningen fremefter i kørselsretningen til et gødningsudløb med tilslutning til ejektoren, som er placeret under gødningskassen i dennes forreste ende.2) This transport auger is arranged to transport the manure forward in the direction of travel to a manure outlet with connection to the ejector, which is located under the manure box at its front end.

2 DK 172699 B1 3) Luftblæseren placeres umiddelbart foran gødningskassen regnet i gødningsspredcrcns kørselsretning og sluttes til ejektoren med sit luftudtag.2 DK 172699 B1 3) The air blower is placed immediately in front of the fertilizer box in the direction of the fertilizer spreading direction and connected to the ejector with its air outlet.

4) Blæseluften fortsætter sammen med den via ejektoren i luftstrømmen injicerede gødning bagud gennem et i hovedsagen retlinet rør, der forløber vandret under gødningskassen til dennes bagerste 5 ende, hvor røret fortsætter opad i en jævn bøjning, som igen fortsætter opad til sprcdcorganct, der er anbragt i passende højde over gødningskassen.4) The blowing air continues along with the fertilizer injected backward through the air stream through a generally rectilinear tube extending horizontally below the fertilizer box to its rear end, the tube continuing upwardly in a smooth bend, which in turn continues upward to the sprayer organ, which is placed at an appropriate height above the manure box.

5) Spredcorganet udgøres af en pendulerende dyse for udblæsning af gødning / luftblandingen i et vifteformet sprcdcinterval bag gødningssprcdcrcn.5) The spreading means is a pendulating nozzle for blowing the fertilizer / air mixture in a fan-shaped spray interval behind the fertilizer spray.

10 Ved at anvende den ovenfor nævnte nye teknik i forbindelse med den kendte teknik kan spredegodset (gødningsgranulatet) bringes op på langt større hastighed takket være det lange, lige rørstræk under gødningskassen, som tillader en maksimal acceleration af spredegodset. Den store hastighed kombineret med passende bløde rørbøjningcr (bøjninger med stor krumningsradius) i rørsystemet sikrer en effektiv transport af spredegodset frem til den højtsiddende sprededyse, og 15 videre ud gennem denne i et vifteformet spredemønster.By using the above-mentioned new technique in conjunction with the prior art, the spreading material (fertilizer granulate) can be brought up to much greater speed thanks to the long, straight pipe stretch under the fertilizer box, which allows for maximum acceleration of the spreading material. The high speed combined with the appropriate soft tube bends (bends with large radius of curvature) in the pipe system ensures efficient transport of the spreading material up to the high-seated spreading nozzle, and further out through it in a fan-shaped spreading pattern.

Formålstjenligt er transportsneglen indrettet med variabel hastighed, som udnyttes til nøjagtig dosering af den udstrøede gødningsmængde. Den variable hastighed kan eksempelvis opnås ved at lade transportsneglen drive af en hydraulikmotor, som er forbundet til traktorens hydrauliske 20 kraftudtag via en indstillelig flowrcgulcringsvcntil. En indstillingsskala på flowrcgulcringsvcntilcn kan da meget praktisk fungere som doserings-indstillingsskala.Conveniently, the variable speed conveyor is provided which is utilized to accurately dispense the amount of manure sprayed. For example, the variable speed can be achieved by letting the conveyor auger drive a hydraulic motor which is connected to the tractor's hydraulic power take-off via an adjustable flow control valve. A flow scale setting scale can then very conveniently serve as a dose setting scale.

I en fordrukken udførclscsform for gødningssprcdcrcn ifølge opfindelsen drives blæseren fra traktorens mekaniske kraftudtag via en standard kraftoverføringsaksel, og en umiddelbart foran 25 blæseren anbragt udveksling, som består af et remtræk, der gearer blæserens omdrejningstal passende op i forhold til kraftudtaget. Konstruktionen, som er mekanisk enkel og meget robust, tillader -forudsat passende gearingsvalg-, at traktoren kan arbejde med et relativt lavt omdrejningstal, som blot skal være tilstrækkeligt til at sikre den fornødne effekt. Som alternativ til remtrækket kan der naturligvis også benyttes et sædvanligt tandhjulsgcar.In a preferred embodiment of the manure sprayer according to the invention, the blower is driven from the tractor's mechanical power take-off via a standard power transmission shaft, and an exchange located immediately in front of the blower, which consists of a belt drive, which gears the fan speed appropriate to the power take-off. The design, which is mechanically simple and very robust, permits - assuming appropriate gearing selection - that the tractor can operate at a relatively low speed, which must be sufficient to ensure the required power. As an alternative to the belt drive, a conventional gear wheel can of course also be used.

3030

Den pendulerende dyscbevægclse kan formålstjenligt opnås ved de konstruktive foranstaltninger, som er angivet i kravene 5 og 6. Ved at drive pcndulcringsmckanismcn (knimtapmekanismen) v hj af en hydraulikmotor som angivet i krav 6, kan frekvensen i pendulbevægelsen indstilles (varieres) v hj af en simpel flowrcgulcringsvcntil i systemet. Pcndulvinklcn kan øges eller mindskes ved 35 indstilling af krumtappens slaglængde eller ved ændring af momentarmens længde, i begge tilfælde relativt simple mekaniske foranstaltninger.The pendulum nozzle movement can conveniently be obtained by the constructive measures set forth in claims 5 and 6. By operating the pc dulking mechanism (pinch mechanism) by a hydraulic motor as set forth in claim 6, the frequency of the pendulum motion can be set (varied) by a simple flow control lock in the system. Pan angle can be increased or decreased by adjusting the crank stroke length or by changing the torque arm length, in both cases relatively simple mechanical measures.

I krav 7 er angiver midler til relativ vinkclforstilling af det pendulerende rør i forhold til det faste rør for tilsvarende vinkclforstilling (vinkelforskydning) af sprcdningsvinkcl-intcrvallct i forhold til 40 gødningsspredcrcns centerakse, således at der kan spredes asymmetrisk i forhold til denne akse.Claim 7 indicates means for relative angular representation of the pendulum tube relative to the fixed tube for corresponding angular representation (angular displacement) of the spray angle input relative to the center axis of the fertilizer spreader so that it can be spread asymmetrically with respect to this axis.

Denne egenskab udnyttes når der spredes i sidevind, dvs når den udspredte gødning udsættes for sideafdrift. Ved passende indstilling af vinkclforstillingcn kan der på denne måde kompenseres for sideafdriften, således al gødningen placeres nøjagtigt der, hvor det ønskes, dvs i et symmetrisk sprcdcinterval bag gødningssprcdcrcn.This property is utilized when spreading in side winds, ie when the spread fertilizer is exposed to side drift. By appropriately adjusting the angle adjustment, this can be offset by the side drift, so that all the fertilizer is placed exactly where it is desired, ie in a symmetrical spray interval behind the fertilizer spray.

4545

Eftersom sprcdcarbcjdct ofte udføres i plantager, hvor man kører række op og række ned, skifter retningen på vindafdriften tilsvarende. Der er derfor behov for, af den nødvendige indstilling af i 3 DK 172699 B1 vinkclforstillingcn kan foretages af traktorføreren under kørslen. Dette behov tilgodeses ifølge opfindelsen ved at indrette indstillingsmidlcmc således, som angivet i kravene 8, 9 og 10.Since sprayer carbcdct is often carried out in plantations where you run row up and down, the direction of the wind drift changes accordingly. It is therefore necessary that the necessary adjustment of the angle adjustment in the tractor can be made by the tractor driver while driving. This need is met according to the invention by adjusting the adjustment means as stated in claims 8, 9 and 10.

Opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor 5 fig. 1 viser en gødningsspreder ifølge opfindelsen i skematisk sideafbildning, fig. 2 et forstørret udsnit, som viser pcndulcringsmckanismcn og rørets drcjclcd i lodret snitbillede, og fig. 3 samme vist i vandret snit langs linien A-A i fig. 2.The invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows a fertilizer spreader according to the invention in schematic side view; FIG. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the PCD cut-off mechanism and the pipe's cut-out in vertical section, and Figs. 3 is a horizontal section taken along the line A-A in FIG. 2nd

10 I den på tegningen viste udførclscsform består gødningssprcdcrcn i det væsentlige af en en chassisramme 1 med hjulmontcring 2, en trugformet gødningskassc 3, en transportblæser 4 der drives af en kraftoverføringsaksel 5 fra traktoren T. Mellem kraftovcrføringsakslcn 5 og blæseren 4 er indsat remtræk 6, der gearer kraftudtagets omdrejningstal op til et for blæseren passende 15 omdrejningstal.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the fertilizer sprinkler consists essentially of a chassis frame 1 with wheel mounting 2, a trough-shaped fertilizer box 3, a conveyor fan 4 driven by a PTO shaft 5 from the tractor T. Between the PTO shaft 5 and the fan 4, gearing the PTO speed up to a fan speed suitable for the fan.

I toppen af gødningskassen 3 er monteret en gitterrist 7, hvis opgave er at tilbageholde gødningsklumper ved fyldning af gødningskassen. Gødningen er antydet med G. I bunden af gødningskassen er indbygget en langsgående, vandret snegl 8, der drives af en hydraulikmotor 9 med 20 valgfri variabel hastighed. Omdrejningsretningen er således, at gødningen G trækkes med fremefter i gødningskassen af sneglen 8, således at vægtfordelingen i redskabet bliver optimal, dvs med størst mulig vægt på trækstangen la. I den forreste ende af gødningskassen afgives gødningen successivt og i doseret mængde til en ejektor 10, der befinder sig indbygget i et rør 11, der står i forbindelse med blæserens 4 luftudtag 12.At the top of the fertilizer box 3 is mounted a grating grid 7, whose task is to retain fertilizer lumps when filling the fertilizer box. The manure is indicated by G. At the bottom of the manure box is a longitudinal horizontal auger 8 driven by a hydraulic motor 9 at 20 optional variable speeds. The direction of rotation is such that the manure G is pulled forward in the manure box of the auger 8, so that the weight distribution in the implement is optimal, ie with the greatest possible weight on the drawbar 1a. At the front end of the fertilizer box, the fertilizer is discharged successively and in dosed quantity to an ejector 10 which is housed in a pipe 11 which is connected to the air outlet 12 of the fan 4.

2525

Blæseren frembringer en kraftig luftstrøm bagud gennem røret 11 (angivet med pile P). Røret strækker sig vandret på langs under gødningskassen 3, og fortsætter opad bag denne gennem en blød rørbøjning 13.1 fortsættelse af rørbøjningen 13 findes et lodret rørstykke 14, som igen øverst oppe bøjer bagud under dannelse af en kort udblæsningsdyse 15. Omtrent midt på det lodrette rørstykke 30 14 er indsat et koncentrisk drcjclcd 16, der tillader den øverste del 14a af røret at dreje koncentrisk i forhold til det faste nedre rørstykke 14b. En pcndulcringsmckanismc 17, der omfatter en hydraulikmotor 18, en på denne monteret knimtapskive 19, en plcjlstang 20 med indstillelig længde 1, og en på rørstykket 14a monteret momentarm 21, tjener til bevægelse af det øverste rørstykke 14a og dermed dysen 15 i en vedvarende pendulbevægelse, som definerer spredningsmønsteret.The fan generates a strong air flow backwards through the pipe 11 (indicated by arrows P). The pipe extends horizontally longitudinally below the fertilizer box 3 and continues upwards behind it through a soft pipe bend 13.1. Continuing the pipe bend 13, there is a vertical pipe piece 14, which in turn top bends backwards to form a short blowout nozzle 15. About the middle of the vertical pipe piece 30 14, a concentric drill bit 16 is inserted which allows the upper portion 14a of the tube to rotate concentrically with respect to the fixed lower tube piece 14b. A PC dulking mechanism 17 comprising a hydraulic motor 18, a pinch disc 19 mounted thereon, a plunger rod 20 of adjustable length 1, and a torque arm 21 mounted on the pipe piece 14a serves to move the upper pipe piece 14a and thus the nozzle 15 in a sustained shuttle motion. , which defines the scattering pattern.

3535

En vinkclforstillingsmckanismc 22, som kan fjcmbctjcncs fra traktorførcrpladscn, består af en hydraulikcylindcr 23 indsat mellem to momentarme 24 og 25, hvoraf den ene er fast forbundet med det drejelige rørstykke 14a og den anden er monteret på en drejelig flange 26, der bærer kmmtapmckanismcns plcjlstang 21.An angular displacement mechanism 22, which can be removed from the tractor driver's seat, consists of a hydraulic cylinder 23 inserted between two torque arms 24 and 25, one of which is fixedly connected to the rotatable pipe piece 14a and the other is mounted on a rotatable flange 26 which carries a core plate. .

4040

Opfindelsen er ikke begrænset til den på tegningen viste og ovenfor beskrevne udførclscsform.The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawing and described above.

Andre materialekombinationer, andre detailudformninger og andre konstruktive løsninger for gødningssprcdcrcns enkelte bestanddele og tilbehørsdele er tænkelig indenfor rammerne af denne opfindelse, ligesom anvendelsen af gødningssprederen kan tænkes udvidet til andre områder end det 45 anførte. Eksempelvis kan gødningssprcdcrcn anvendes i vinmarker.Other material combinations, other retail designs, and other constructive solutions for the individual components and accessory parts of the fertilizer sprayer are conceivable within the scope of this invention, and the use of the fertilizer spreader may be extended to areas other than the 45 listed. For example, fertilizer sprays can be used in vineyards.

Claims

A towed fertilizer spreader with high-seated spray organ, especially for use in spruce plantations and similar high-growth row crops requiring large spray height, which is of the pneumatically based type, comprising a powerful air blower generating an air stream 5 through an air stream. the fertilizer is injected into the air stream in dosed quantity, and the fertilizer is subsequently transported by the airflow through an associated pipe system which opens into a fissure member (nozzle, nozzle or the like) which determines the flowing air-fertilizer mixture, characterized by - is constructed with an elongated, trough-shaped fertilizer container, at the bottom of which a longitudinal conveyor or similar conveyor is mounted, - that this conveyor is arranged to transport the manure forward in the direction of travel to a fertilizer outlet connected to the ejector, which is pl - that the air blower is located directly in front of the fertilizer box in the direction of travel of the fertilizer sprayer 15 and is connected to the ejector with its air outlet, - that the blowing air together with the fertilizer injected into the air flow continues backwards through a main pipe into the main pipe. extending horizontally beneath the manure box to its rear end, the tube continuing in an upward bend, which in turn proceeds upwardly to the sprayer body positioned at an appropriate height above the manure box, and 20. this sprayer being constituted by a pendulum nozzle for blowing manure. / air mixture in a fan-shaped spreading interval behind the fertilizer spreader.

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor auger has variable speed which is utilized for dosing the amount of fertilized sprayed. 25

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 2, characterized in that the conveyor auger is driven by a hydraulic motor which is connected to the hydraulic power take-off of the tractor via an adjustable flow yellowing valve.

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower is driven from the tractor's mechanical power take-off via a conventional PTO shaft and an exchange located immediately in front of the blower, which consists of a belt drive that gears the fan speed appropriate to the power take-off.

4 DK 172699 B1

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical end piece of the trachea has a length of about 2 - 3 m corresponding to a spray height of about 2.5 - 3.5 m and that a concentric swivel (vertical swivel axis) which allows the upper portion of the tube to perform a pivotal swivel wall.

A towed fertilizer spreader according to claim 5, characterized in that the pendulum movement is obtained by a hydraulic motor which drives the pivotal part of the pipe via a crank mechanism comprising a link arm (plunger rod) inserted between the crank and a torque arm of the pipe. crank mechanism has adjustable stroke length, or alternatively adjustable torque arm length, to achieve a variable spray angle. 45

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by comprising means for relative angular representation of the pendulum tube relative to the fixed tube for corresponding ice DK 172699 B1 that it spreads asymmetrically with respect to this axis.

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to Claim 7, characterized in that said means comprise an S hydraulic cylinder or electric actuator inserted at a suitable location in the PCD system, for example between the torque arm and the pivot tube for angular adjustment of these two parts, or as part of the location bar for changing its effective length between the two articulation points,

Trailed fertilizer spreader according to claim 8, characterized in that the said angular adjustment is made from the tractor's front seat by means of a maneuvering device (hydraulic valve, electrical contact, etc).

A towed fertilizer spreader according to claim 9, characterized in that the tractor driver has an indicator available which indicates the current angular adjustment (angular setting) of the rotatable pipe, so that he is constantly informed of the symmetry of the sprinkler circuit.