DK170286B1

DK170286B1 - The roof elements

Info

Publication number: DK170286B1
Application number: DK141993A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Knut Gaaseidnes; Inge Wengstad
Original assignee: Miljoe & Anlegg As
Priority date: 1991-06-26
Filing date: 1993-12-21
Publication date: 1995-07-24
Also published as: NO172991B; WO1993000492A1; SE503266C2; FI935813A; FI97907B; NO912498L; SE9304241D0; DE4292017T1; NO912498D0; SE9304241L; DK141993A; DK141993D0; FI935813A0; NO172991C; FI97907C

Description

DK 170286 B1DK 170286 B1

Opfindelsen angår et tagelement som angivet i krav 1's indledning.The invention relates to a roof element as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

Det er kendt at montere tagmateriale såsom tagsten eller tagspåner direkte på lægter, som danner en del af undertaget. Dette er en langsommelig metode. Desuden kraeves der fagfolk til 5 anbringelse af lægterne og lægning af den enkelte tagsten eller tagspån.It is known to mount roofing material such as roof tiles or shingles directly on laths which form part of the roof. This is a slow method. In addition, professionals are required to place the laths and lay the individual tiles or roofing.

Det er derfor opfindelsens formål at anvise et tagelement, som gør det muligt at lægge tagma-terialeelementer enklere og hurtigere.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a roof element which makes it possible to lay roof material elements more easily and quickly.

10 Tagelementet ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommeligt ved det i krav 1's kendetegnende del anførte.The roof element according to the invention is characterized by the characteristic part of claim 1.

Enkelttræk fremgår af underkravene.Single features appear in the subclaims.

15 Opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et skematisk billede oppefra af et tagelement ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 tagelementet fra fig. 1 set fra siden, fig. 3 en illustration af sideforbindelsen mellem to tagelementer ifølge opfindelsen, 20 fig. 4 hvorledes forbindelsen mellem to tagelementer ifølge opfindelsen udføres op ad taget, fig. 5 et tagelement ifølge opfindelsen set oppefra, og fig. 6 tagelementet fra fig. 5 set fra siden.The invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a roof element according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows the roof element of FIG. 1 is a side view; FIG. 3 is an illustration of the side connection between two roof elements according to the invention; FIG. 4 shows how the connection between two roof elements according to the invention is made up the roof; FIG. 5 is a plan view of a roof element according to the invention; and FIG. 6 shows the roof element of FIG. 5 seen from the side.

I fig. 1 ses et tagelement omfattende tagstenlægter 2 og basislægter 3 samt tagmaterialeele-25 menter 4.1 en foretrukket udførelsesform benyttes trætagspåner som tagmaterialeelementer 4. Basislægterne 3 oplægges på taget; tagstenlægteme 2 anbringes på tværs oven på basislægterne. Tagspånerne 4 ligger atter ovenpå og på tværs af tagstenlægteme 2, dvs. parallelt med basislægterne 3. Til sammenligning med kendte tagdækningsmetoder : lægter svarende til tagstenlægteme 2 og basislægterne 3 fastsømmes på stedet på taget i én arbejdsgang, og 30 tagstenene eller -spånerne anbringes individuelt derpå.In FIG. 1, a roof element is seen comprising roof tiles 2 and baseplates 3 as well as roofing material elements 4.1. In a preferred embodiment, wooden roofing shavings are used as roofing material elements 4. The baseplates 3 are placed on the roof; the roof tiles 2 are placed transversely on top of the baseplates. The roofing chips 4 lie again on top and across the roof tiles 2, ie. parallel to the base roofs 3. In comparison with known roofing methods: roofs corresponding to the roof tiles 2 and the base roofs 3 are fixed on site on the roof in a single operation and the roof tiles or shavings are placed individually thereon.

Tagstenlægteme 2 og basislægterne 3 forbindes med hinanden ve,d hjælp af søm, hæftestifter, skruer, lim eller andre kendte forbindelsesmidler.The tile bodies 2 and the base layers 3 are connected to each other by means of nails, staples, screws, glue or other known connecting means.

35 Afstanden mellem basislægterne 3 vælges, så at de hviler på tagets bærende elementer. For de fleste tage i Norge betyder dette en afstand mellem basislægterne på 60 cm.35 The distance between the base layers 3 is chosen so that they rest on the roof's supporting elements. For most roofs in Norway, this means a distance between the base layers of 60 cm.

i DK 170286 B1 2in DK 170286 B1 2

Afstanden mellem tagstenlægteme vælges passende i forhold til tagmaterialeelementeme 4, ' som skal benyttes, og i forhold til den ønskede styrke. I den foretrukne udførelsesform med 40 cm trætagspåner anbringes tagstenlægteme med en afstand på ca. 14 cm. Afstanden mellem den nederste tagstenlægte 2a og den næstnederste tagstenlægte 2b er mindre end afstanden 5 mellem de øvrige ved siden af hinanden liggende lægter 2b, 2c og 2d. Dette er til opnåelse af en simpel foranstaltning til forbindelse mellem flere tagelementer. Denne forbindelse skal beskrives i nærmere enkeltheder nedenfor.The distance between the roof tiles is suitably selected in relation to the roofing material elements 4, 'to be used and in relation to the desired strength. In the preferred embodiment with 40 cm wooden roof shavings, the roof tiles are placed at a distance of approx. 14 cm. The distance between the lower eaves 2a and the next lower eaves 2b is less than the distance 5 between the other adjacent eaves 2b, 2c and 2d. This is to achieve a simple measure for connecting multiple roof elements. This connection will be described in more detail below.

Tagelementet 1 fremstilles ved anvendelse af faste skabeloner eller rammer, hvori basislæg-10 terne 3 og tagstenlægterne 2 anbringes og fastsømmes. Andre skabeloner er fastgjort til en rotationsakse og har den opgave at tilvejebringe et magasin af tagmaterialeelementer 4, som sænkes på tagstenlægteme under fremstillingen. Dette gør det enkelt og hurtigt at fremstille tagelementerne. Apparatet omfattende skabeloner (sømmerammer) gør det meget let at automatisere samlingen af fagelementerne.The roof element 1 is made using fixed templates or frames in which the base layers 3 and the roof tiles 2 are placed and secured. Other templates are attached to a rotary axis and have the task of providing a magazine of roofing material elements 4 which are lowered onto the roof tiles during manufacture. This makes it easy and fast to manufacture the roof elements. The apparatus comprising templates (seam frames) makes it very easy to automate the assembly of the subject elements.

1515

Tagspånerne eller tagstenene 4 er fastgjort til tagstenlægteme 2 med søm eller kramper (hæftestifter). Der benyttes en hæftemaskine. Forbindelsen foretages på en sådan måde, at tagmaterialeelementeme 4 hvert får mindst to og fortrinsvis fire fastgørelsespunkter. Dette sikrer et meget retningsstabilt og stærkt tagelement. Det foretrækkes, at der benyttes hæftestlf-20 ter, og at disse anbringes på tværs af fiberretningen i trætagspåneme som vist i fig. 1. Dette sikrer en særlig god fastgørelse, selv om tagmaterialet skulle revne.The tiles or tiles 4 are attached to the tile bodies 2 with nails or staples (staples). A stapler is used. The connection is made in such a way that the roof material elements 4 each have at least two and preferably four fastening points. This ensures a very directional stable and strong roof element. It is preferred that staples be used and placed transversely to the fiber direction in the wooden roof shavings as shown in FIG. 1. This ensures a particularly good fastening even if the roofing material should crack.

Levetiden af et tag bestemmes meget ofte af den omstændighed, at tagelementemes fastgørelsesmidler korroderes. Dette gælder især et tagelement af træspån eller tegl. I en foretruk-25 ket udførelsesform benyttes rustfrit stål 18/18 Cr/Ni til fastgørelsen.The life of a roof is very often determined by the fact that the fasteners of the roof elements are corroded. This is especially true of a roof element made of wood shavings or brick. In a preferred embodiment, stainless steel 18/18 Cr / Ni is used for attachment.

Dette materiale er smidigt, og det er derfor vigtigt at benyttes ekspansionshæftestifter til fastgørelsen.This material is flexible and it is therefore important to use expansion staples for fastening.

30 Basislægteme 3 og tagstenlægteme 2 i tagelementet 1 er også anbragt på en sådan måde, at to basislægter 3 og tagstenlægter 2 mødes i sammenføjningen mellem to tagelementer, hvilket giver den korrekte afstand mellem tagelementeme og tagspånerne eller tagstenene både i længderetningen og i sideretningen. Dette gør det meget let at lægge tagelementeme korrekt på taget uden behov specialværktøj eller særlig kunnen.The base members 3 and the roof tiles 2 of the roof element 1 are also arranged in such a way that two base roofs 3 and roof tiles 2 meet in the joint between two roof elements, which gives the correct distance between the roof elements and the roofing chips or roof tiles both longitudinally and laterally. This makes it very easy to put the roof elements correctly on the roof without the need for special tools or special skills.

35 I det følgende beskrives under henvisning til fig. 3 i nærmere enkeltheder monteringen aftage- * lementeme 1 ifølge opfindelsen til fuldstændiggørelse af et tag. Tagelementeme 1 er konstrueret på en sådan måde, at de passer ind i hinanden og danner en tæt forbindelse, idet træspå DK 170286 B1 3 nerne eller tagstenene overlapper ved hver kant af samlingen mellem naboelementer 1. Taget vil være på samme måde og af samme kvalitet som samlingen i resten af elementet 1.35 The following is described with reference to FIG. 3 in more detail, the mounting elements 1 according to the invention are mounted to complete a roof. The roof elements 1 are designed in such a way that they fit together and form a close connection, with the wooden trusses or roof stones overlap at each edge of the joint between neighboring elements 1. The roof will be the same way and of the same quality. as the collection in the rest of the element 1.

To elementer 1a og 1b lægges tæt ved siden af hinanden på tagplankeunderlaget eller direkte 5 på spærene 6. Basislægterne 3a og 3b i to naboelementer 1 vil ligge tæt sammen. Basislægterne 3 er dimensioneret på en sådan måde, at to naboelementer kan passe ind på og fastgøres til samme spærfag 6.Two elements 1a and 1b are placed close to one another on the roofing board support or directly 5 on the rafters 6. The base layers 3a and 3b in two adjacent elements 1 will be close together. The baseplates 3 are dimensioned in such a way that two neighboring elements can fit in and attach to the same ratchet 6.

Basislægterne i tagelementerne fastgøres med søm, skruer, lim eller kramper til undertaget, 10 spær osv. På nye tage er dette system meget egnet til et undertag af fiberplader eller kraftpap.The baseplates in the roof elements are fastened with nails, screws, glue or cramps to the ceiling, 10 rafters, etc. On new roofs this system is very suitable for a roofing of fiberboard or kraft paper.

Når hele bredden af taget 5 er dækket af er række tagelementer 1, kan der lægges en række ovenover. Dette er vist i fig. 4. Et øvre naboelement 1' føres ned til det allerede fastgjorte tagelement 1. Tagstenlægten 2' i det øvre tagelement 1’ føres til kontakt med tagstenlægten 2 i det 15 nederste tagelement 1. Derved vil basislægterne 3 og 3' på de respektive tagelementer 1 og T komme i indgreb med hinanden ende mod ende. Basislægten 3’ vil således gå ind under tagstenlægten 2, og tagelementet 1' vil være låst i sin nederste del. Tagstenen 4' i den nederste kant af det øvre element 1' vil overlappe tagstenen 4 ved den øverste kant af det nederste element.When the entire width of the roof 5 is covered by a series of roof elements 1, a row can be laid above. This is shown in FIG. 4. An upper neighbor element 1 'is brought down to the already fixed roof element 1. The roof tile 2' in the upper roof element 1 'is brought into contact with the roof tile 2 in the lower roof element 1. Thereby the base panels 3 and 3' of the respective roof elements 1 and T engage each other end to end. Thus, the base member 3 'will go under the roof cover 2 and the roof element 1' will be locked in its lower part. The tile 4 'at the lower edge of the upper member 1' will overlap the tile 4 at the upper edge of the lower member.

2020

Den omstændighed, at den øverste tagstenlægte 2 er konstrueret på en sådan måde, at basislægten 3' i nabotagelementet går ind under tagstenlægten under bygningen af taget, er særlig vigtig, fordi det på denne måde er muligt at opnå fastgørelsen af alle kanter uden sømning af (sømindføring i) tagmaterialeelementerne 4. Hvis denne sammenpasning og sammenlåsning 25 ikke eksisterede, ville det ikke være muligt at få fat i de hjørner, som dækkes af tagmaterialeelementerne 4, til fastgørelse af tagelementerne gennem basislægterne til underlaget eller spærene uden løsgøring af et eller flere tagmaterialeelementer.The fact that the upper roof tile 2 is constructed in such a way that the base roof 3 'of the adjacent roof element enters the roof tile during the construction of the roof is particularly important because it is thus possible to obtain the attachment of all edges without seaming. (seam insertion in) the roofing material elements 4. If this matching and interlocking 25 did not exist, it would not be possible to grasp the corners covered by the roofing material elements 4 for attaching the roofing elements through the base layers to the substrate or rafters without loosening one or more tagmaterialeelementer.

Tagmaterialet kan være natursten såsom skifer eller lignende samt cement- eller andre støbte 30 sten, tagpap på en passende basis eller forskellige metalplader. I en foretrukket udførelsesform udgør tagsten eller tagspåner et egnet tagmateriale for denne slags tagelementer.The roofing material may be natural stone such as slate or the like as well as cement or other cast stone, roofing board on a suitable base or various metal sheets. In a preferred embodiment, roof tiles or shingles constitute a suitable roofing material for this type of roofing element.

Dimensionerne af tagelementerne 1 kan være afpasset efter hensyn til håndterbarhed ved transport og samling. Elementer med dimensioner på f. eks. 2,5 x 4, 8 m med tagmateriale-35 elementer af træ vil have en vægt på ca. 60 kg og er lette at løfte op på taget. Hvis løfteindretninger ikke forefindes, vil dimensioner på 60 x 60 cm være mere passende og lettere at håndtere manuelt. I en foretrukket udførelsesform er elementerne 120 x 78 cm.The dimensions of the roof elements 1 may be adapted for handling and assembly handling. Elements with dimensions of eg 2.5 x 4, 8 m with roofing material-35 elements of wood will have a weight of approx. 60 kg and are easy to lift on the roof. If lifting devices are not available, 60 x 60 cm dimensions will be more convenient and easier to handle manually. In a preferred embodiment, the elements are 120 x 78 cm.

DK 170286 B1 4 l fig. 5 og 6 er der vist en udførelsesform for et tagelement 1, som har en undertagplade 7 som en integrerende del. Et undertag er nødvendigt til isolering af tage, hver man vil holde isolatio- .¾ nen borte fra tagelementet, hindre luftcirkulation i isolationen og tilvejebringe luftning af tagmaterialet, og det kan være en ekstra barriere mod lækage, hvis det primære tag af en eller anden 5 grund går itu. De fleste huse og landbrugsbygninger har undertag.DK 170286 B1 4 l fig. 5 and 6, there is shown an embodiment of a roof element 1 having a lower roof plate 7 as an integral part. A roof is necessary for insulating roofs, each one will keep the insulation away from the roof element, preventing air circulation in the insulation and providing ventilation of the roofing material, and it can be an additional barrier against leakage if the primary roof of one or another. 5 ground breaks. Most houses and farm buildings have roofs.

Det foretrækkes at bruge undertage af tagpap eller træfiberplade, men andre materialer kan benyttes. Undertagmaterialet skæres i plader med en størrelse svarende til tagelementerne. Udskæringen og fastgørelsen af tagelementerne er af en sådan art, at undertagpladen 7 flugter 10 med basislægterne ved den nederste og højre kant, medens den forløber minimalt 5 cm fra den øverste og venstre kant af tagelementet. Undertagpladen fastgøres til basislægteme på undersiden af tagelementet med hæftestifter eller lim.It is preferable to use roofing or wood fiber roofs, but other materials can be used. The roofing material is cut into sheets of a size corresponding to the roof elements. The cut-out and fastening of the roof elements are such that the roof plate 7 aligns 10 with the base layers at the lower and right edges while extending at least 5 cm from the upper and left edges of the roof element. The roofing plate is attached to the base body on the underside of the roof element with staples or glue.

Når tagelementeme 1 er monteret som beskrevet, vil denne udførelsesform resultere i et un-15 dertag med en overlapning på minimalt 5 cm i retningen for vandets bevægelse ned ad taget og med indgreb mod basen af spæret i dobbelt tykkelse under basislægterne på det næste nabotagelement. 1 ~yWhen the roof elements 1 are mounted as described, this embodiment will result in a lower roof with an overlap of at least 5 cm in the direction of the downward movement of the water and with engagement with the base of the double-thickness rafter under the base layers of the next adjacent roof element. 1 ~ y

Claims

A roof element (1) comprising parallel and spaced baseplates (3) to which are attached at least two roof tiles (2) which are parallel to each other and spaced transversely across the baseplates (3), and on which roof tiles (2) are secured roof material elements (4) such as roof tiles, molded stones, plastic sheets, roofing board, sheet metal or wood material, the roof material elements (4) being arranged in rows parallel to the roof tiles (2) and in overlapping pattern in parallel. with the baseplate (3), a first roof tile (2) disposed at one end of the first element (1) with a portion of its width beyond 10 the end of the baseplate (3) in the first element (1), and that a second roof tile (21) is disposed at the opposite end of another element (Γ) somewhat within the end of the base tile (3 ') in the second element (1) characterized in that the roof tile (2') in the second element (1 ') is arranged to abut against the roof tile the gut (2) of the first element (1) and the base layers (3 ') of the second element (1') arranged to be able to lie under the eaves (2) of the first element (1) and that the element (1) comprises at least two base layers (3a, 3b), of which the first base layer (3a) is arranged along one of the sides of the element (1) and a second base layer (3b) is arranged along the other side of the element (1). ), the first basic (3a) flush with the roofing material elements (4) and the second basic (3b) being slightly located within the roofing material elements (4), so that when connecting or joining between two adjacent roof elements in the lateral direction, be an overlap of the roofing material elements (4) in the respective elements (1).

Roof element according to claim 1, characterized in that the element (1) comprises at least four and preferably six rows of roofing material elements (4). 25

Roof element according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the roof material elements (4) are attached to the roof tiles (2) with nails or staples.

Roof element according to claim 3, characterized in that the roof material elements (4) are fixed to the roof tiles (2) at least two and preferably four fastening points.

Roof element according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the base members (3) are spaced apart so that they can be secured to a supporting roof (6). 35

Roof element according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the element (1) further comprises a lower roof plate (7) attached to the underside of the base layers (3).